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Fundamentals of Open Channel Flow
by Glenn E. MoglenThis second edition of Fundamentals of Open Channel Flow focuses on theory followed by clear, fully-solved examples, and practical computational tools such as spreadsheets and industry standard software. It builds on a foundation in fluid mechanics and offers the basics of a first course in open channel flow for senior undergraduates or graduate students: energy, momentum, friction, and gradually varied flow, both qualitative and quantitative. This edition provides more coverage of design applications, including culvert design, a wider range of channel shapes, and an update of the US Corps of Engineers’ HEC-RAS program. It shows how a few simple equations can solve a range of basic problems. The energy-depth and momentum-depth relationships are examined graphically and the book's website offers unique animations showing actual flow dynamics of some transient flow problems, as well as solutions to end-of-chapter problems and PowerPoint slides for instructors.
Fundamentals of Petrophysics (Springer Mineralogy)
by Shenglai YangIn this book, the fundamental knowledge involved in petroleum & gas development engineering, such as physical and chemical phenomena, physical processes and the relationship between physical factors is covered. It is arranged into 3 Sections. Section 1 including chapter 1-4 is to introduce the properties of fluids (gases, hydrocarbon liquids, and aqueous solutions). Section II including Chapter 5-7 is to introduce the porous rock properties of reservoir rocks. Section III including Chapter 8-10 is to introduce the mechanism of multiphase fluid flow in porous medium. The book is written primarily to serve professionals working in the petroleum engineering field. It can also be used as reference book for postgraduate and undergraduate students as well for the related oil fields in petroleum geology, oil production engineering, reservoir engineering and enhancing oil recovery.
Fundamentals of Physical Geology
by Sreepat JainPhysical Geology is a vast subject and it is not possible to cover all aspects in one book. This book does not invent the wheel but merely put together sets of updated but concise material on Physical Geology with lots of illustrations. All illustrations are created by hand and give a real classroom feel to the book. Students or readers can easily reproduce them by hand. This is a book, where a diagram says it all. The book is divided into four parts. The first part "The Solar System and Cosmic Bodies" deals with elements of our Solar System and the cosmic bodies around it (like meteorites, asteroids, etc. ). The second part "The Earth Materials" deals with Earth and its internal structure. The third part "The Hydrologic System" is more exhaustive and deals with the hydrological system of the Earth including Weathering and Mass Wasting, Streams, Groundwater, Karst, Glaciers, Oceans and Aeolian Processes and Landforms. The fourth and the final part "The Tectonic System" deals with different aspects of Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes and Volcanoes.
Fundamentals of Physical Geology (Springer Geology)
by Sreepat JainPhysical Geology is a vast subject and it is not possible to cover all aspects in one book. This book does not invent the wheel but merely put together sets of updated but concise material on Physical Geology with lots of illustrations. All illustrations are created by hand and give a real classroom feel to the book. Students or readers can easily reproduce them by hand. This is a book, where a diagram says it all. The book is divided into four parts. The first part “The Solar System and Cosmic Bodies” deals with elements of our Solar System and the cosmic bodies around it (like meteorites, asteroids, etc.). The second part “The Earth Materials” deals with Earth and its internal structure. The third part “The Hydrologic System” is more exhaustive and deals with the hydrological system of the Earth including Weathering and Mass Wasting, Streams, Groundwater, Karst, Glaciers, Oceans and Aeolian Processes and Landforms. The fourth and the final part “The Tectonic System” deals with different aspects of Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes and Volcanoes.
Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology
by Lionel Wilson Elisabeth Parfitt Laura KerberThe world’s leading student text on physical volcanology offers an unmatched introduction to the field In the revised second edition of Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology, the authors provide a comprehensive introduction to the processes that control when and how volcanoes erupt. Understanding these processes involves bringing together ideas from a number of disciplines, including branches of geology, such as petrology and geochemistry, and aspects of physics, such as fluid dynamics and thermodynamics. With the help of new and improved illustrations, this new edition explains eruption types and mechanisms, subsurface processes, volcanic eruption products, and how volcanoes affect their surrounding environment. Readers will also find: Quantitative treatment of physical volcanological processesA review of the historical development of volcanologyExamples of current research trends and topics in volcanology Perfect for undergraduate earth sciences students and graduate students starting research programs in volcanology, Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology will also earn a place in the libraries of researchers in related fields seeking an accessible introduction to the principles of physical volcanology.
Fundamentals of Physics II: Electromagnetism, Optics, and Quantum Mechanics
by R. ShankarR. Shankar, a well-known physicist and contagiously enthusiastic educator, was among the first to offer a course through the innovative Open Yale Course program. His popular online video lectures on introductory physics have been viewed over a million times. In this second book based on his online Yale course, Shankar explains essential concepts, including electromagnetism, optics, and quantum mechanics. The book begins at the simplest level, develops the basics, and reinforces fundamentals, ensuring a solid foundation in the principles and methods of physics. It provides an ideal introduction for college-level students of physics, chemistry, and engineering; for motivated AP Physics students; and for general readers interested in advances in the sciences.
Fundamentals of Planning and Designing Sustainable Post-Disaster Shelters
by Avi Friedman Baichi ChakiThe book explores essential principles and practices for planning and designing sustainable refugee shelters. With millions of people forced to flee their homes annually due to conflict, environmental disasters, or persecution, the urgency of this global crisis cannot be overstated. Since refugees often reside in temporary shelters for years after years, it is imperative to construct refugee camps and shelters that address their long-term needs. This comprehensive guide delves into emergency shelter design and refugee camp planning concepts, exploring topics ranging from site selection and infrastructure development to shelter design and material choice. Drawing on real-world case studies and expert insights, this book offers a vital resource for architects, urban planners, humanitarian aid workers, policymakers, researchers, and students. As climate change exacerbates the refugee crisis, it becomes increasingly imperative to prioritize innovative, sustainable solutions for development and foster resilience.
Fundamentals of Pneumatics and Hydraulics
by Md. Abdus SalamThis book covers the basics of DC circuits, AC circuits, three-phase power to understand the basics and controls of electro-hydraulics and electro-pneumatics. This book covers detailed knowledge on the fluid power properties, Bernoulli’s equation, Torricelli’s theorem, viscosity, viscosity index, hydraulic pumps, hydraulic valves, hydraulic motors, pressure control valves, pneumatic systems, pneumatic cylinders, different types of gas laws, valve actuation, relay, magnetic contactor, different types of switches, logic gates, electro-pneumatic control circuits with different options and introduction to PLC. In addition, the detailed technique of Automation Studio software, different types of simulation circuits with hydraulics, pneumatics and electro-pneumatic are included. This book will be an excellent textbook for electromechanical, robotics, mechatronics, electrical control and mechanical students as well as for the professional who practices fluid power systems.
Fundamentals of Practical Environmentalism (Social Environmental Sustainability)
by Mark B. WeldonEnvironmental decisions present themselves every day in forms large and small. Should I walk to work today? What about global warming-should I write my congressperson and demand that the government do something? Should I put solar panels on my roof? Should I get a different car or turn up the temperature on the air conditioner or get water-saving f
Fundamentals of Reservoir Rock Properties
by Tarek Al-Arbi GanatThis book explains the basic technologies, concepts, approaches, and terms used in relation to reservoir rocks. Accessible to engineers in varying roles, it provides the tools necessary for building reservoir characterization and simulation models that improve resource definition and recovery, even in complex depositional environments.The book is enriched with numerous examples from a wide variety of applications, to help readers understand the topics. It also describes in detail the key relationships between the different rock properties and their variables. As such, it is of interest to researchers, engineers, lab technicians, and postgraduate students in the field of petroleum engineering.
Fundamentals of Rural Development
by Bikram Keshari PattanaikThe book expounds on the functioning of rural development as well as the practical problems encountered in the formulation of rural development policies and programmes. It provides an exhaustive account of the various sectors and actors of rural development and presents it as a multidimensional concept by documenting its different components. It also details the paradigms and strategies of rural development adopted by developed and developing countries of the world.This volume deals with rural cooperatives and livelihood in order to understand how the development process can be self-sustained and sustainable, following the vocal for local mantra. It also extensively discusses rural basic needs, poverty, employment, the role of Panchayati Raj institutions, the corporate sector, NGOs, peoples’ participation, and capacity building in rural development.This book will be useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, and teachers of development studies, economics, sociology, political science, and public administration. It will be useful for the administrators and development administration officials of state and central government, planners, policymakers, and people working in NGOs and corporate sector functionaries dealing with corporate social responsibilities especially those handling developmental issues and challenges.
Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing: An Environmental Approach, Third Edition
by Emilio ChuviecoFundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing: An Environmental Approach, Third Edition, is a definitive guide to remote sensing systems that focuses on satellite-based remote sensing tools and methods for space-based Earth observation (EO). It presents the advantages of using remote sensing data for studying and monitoring the planet, and emphasizes concepts that make the best use of satellite data. The book begins with an introduction to the basic processes that ensure the acquisition of space-borne imagery, and provides an overview of the main satellite observation systems. It then describes visual and digital image analysis, highlights various interpretation techniques, and outlines their applications to science and management. The latter part of the book covers the integration of remote sensing with Geographic Information System (GIS) for environmental analysis. This latest edition has been written to reflect a global audience and covers the most recent advances incorporated since the publication of the previous book, relating to the acquisition and interpretation of remotely sensed data. New in the Third Edition: Includes additional illustrations in full color. Uses sample images acquired from different ecosystems at different spatial resolutions to illustrate different interpretation techniques. Includes updated EO missions, such as the third generations of geostationary meteorological satellites, the new polar orbiting platforms (Suomi), the ESA Sentinels program, and high-resolution commercial systems. Includes extended coverage of radar and LIDAR processing methods. Includes all new information on near-ground missions, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Covers new ground sensors, as well as machine-learning approaches to classification. Adds more focus on land surface characterization, time series, change detection, and ecosystem processes. Extends the interactions of EO data and GIS that cover different environmental problems, with particular relevance to global observation. Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing: An Environmental Approach, Third Edition, details the tools that provide global, recurrent, and comprehensive views of the processes affecting the Earth. As one of CRC’s Essential titles, this book and stands out as one of the best in its field and is a must-have for researchers, academics, students, and professionals involved in the field of environmental science, as well as for libraries developing collections on the forefront of this industry.
Fundamentals of Scientific Computing
by Bertil GustafssonThe book of nature is written in the language of mathematics -- Galileo Galilei How is it possible to predict weather patterns for tomorrow, with access solely to today's weather data? And how is it possible to predict the aerodynamic behavior of an aircraft that has yet to be built? The answer is computer simulations based on mathematical models - sets of equations - that describe the underlying physical properties. However, these equations are usually much too complicated to solve, either by the smartest mathematician or the largest supercomputer. This problem is overcome by constructing an approximation: a numerical model with a simpler structure can be translated into a program that tells the computer how to carry out the simulation. This book conveys the fundamentals of mathematical models, numerical methods and algorithms. Opening with a tutorial on mathematical models and analysis, it proceeds to introduce the most important classes of numerical methods, with finite element, finite difference and spectral methods as central tools. The concluding section describes applications in physics and engineering, including wave propagation, heat conduction and fluid dynamics. Also covered are the principles of computers and programming, including MATLAB®.
Fundamentals of Sedimentology
by Sreepat JainThis new textbook is a modern look at key concepts of sedimentology. With lavish, colorful, and abundant illustrations and easy-to-understand explanations, the book focuses on the concepts required to understand physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of sedimentary rocks and the processes involved in their formation. This includes the transportation, deposition, and transformation of sediments. It also emphasizes how the understanding of sedimentary rocks can be used to interpret all continental, marginal marine, and deep-water oceanic environments. Written with undergraduate-level students in mind, it serves as a primary textbook for the new generation of students.Features Fully up-to-date coverage, using the latest studies in the field of sedimentology. Many colorful illustrations to facilitate the understanding of key concepts. Explanations that are jargon-free and easy to understand for the undergraduate-level reader. Examples to interpret ancient environmental conditions in sediment source areas and depositional sites Written by an experienced researcher and academic who has taught the course at different universities and countries for over 20 years, Fundamentals of Sedimentology is an excellent resource for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students studying Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Geology, and Geography, and it serves as a great reference for entry-level researchers who work in the same fields.
Fundamentals of Shallow Water Acoustics
by James Lynch Boris Katsnelson Valery PetnikovShallow water acoustics (SWA), the study of how low and medium frequency sound propagates and scatters on the continental shelves of the worlds oceans, has both technical interest and a large number of practical applications. Technically, shallow water poses an interesting medium for the study of acoustic scattering, inverse theory, and propagation physics in a complicated oceanic waveguide. Practically, shallow water acoustics has interest for geophysical exploration, marine mammal studies, and naval applications. Additionally, one notes the very interdisciplinary nature of shallow water acoustics, including acoustical physics, physical oceanography, marine geology, and marine biology. In this specialized volume the authors, all of whom have extensive at-sea experience in US and Russian research efforts, have tried to summarize the main experimental, theoretical, and computational results in shallow water acoustics, with an emphasis on providing physical insight into the topics presented.
Fundamentals of Soil Behavior
by Catherine O'Sullivan James K. Mitchell Kenichi SogaAuthoritative and generously illustrated resource covering the many properties of soil and its behavior needed for addressing geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering projects and problems. The Fourth Edition of Fundamentals of Soil Behavior has been thoroughly updated to provide the latest information on the physical properties of soil and the fundamentals of its behavior, with hundreds of tables and graphs illustrating correlations among composition, classification, state, and static and dynamic properties. Overall, each topic is addressed in a micro-to-macro sequence, considering behaviors at the atomic and/or particle scales to develop understanding of soil properties and behaviors at the macro-scale, which is relevant to engineering practice. This Fourth Edition includes two new chapters on special features of soil behavior and temperature-dependent soil behavior. Other chapters have been substantially updated to include the latest developments in imaging technology, and analysis numerical simulations that have advanced research on the complexities of soil behavior, and recent experimental data. The content has been reviewed, consolidated, and reorganized to more effectively comunicate key information. The text features end-of-chapter questions and problems to aid in seamless reader comprehension and information retention. Updated by true thought leaders in the field, the Fourth Edition of Fundamentals of Soil Behavior includes detailed information on: Soil formation, covering the earth’s crust, the geologic cycle, rock and mineral stability, weathering, and origin of clay minerals and genesis. Soil mineralogy, covering atomic structure, interatomic bonding, secondary bonds, crystal notation, and clay mineral characteristics. Fundamental engineering characterization of soil, covering granular soils and clay minerals. Observing and quantifying soil fabric, covering qualitative and quantitative assessment of soil fabric. Transport of heat, fluid, and electrical current. The fundamentals of volume change, deformation, and strength properties of soils. The impact of time and temperature changes on soil behavior. Providing an understanding of soil behavior, a fundamental requisite to a wide variety of engineering applications including foundation design and construction, earthwork construction, and geotechnical engineering, Fundamentals of Soil Behavior is an essential learning resource for geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineers, geologists, geophysicists, and students studying geotechnical engineering and granular materials.
Fundamentals of Soils (Routledge Fundamentals of Physical Geography)
by John GerrardFundamentals of Soil provides a comprehensive and engaging introduction to soils and the workings of soil systems. This text is the only one of its kind to provide an attractive, lively and accessible introduction to this topic. Featuring learning tools within each chapter, such as summaries, essay questions and guides for further reading, the text is also highly illustrated with useful tables, boxes and figures. Covering all key areas of study at an introductory level, subjects covered include:· Soil properties· Soil processes· Controls on soil formation· Soil classification· World soils· Soil patterns· Soil degradation.
Fundamentals of Solar Radiation
by Lucien WaldThe sun radiates a tremendous amount of energy, called solar energy or solar radiation, which is the main natural source of energy on the Earth, by far. Because solar radiation is the almost unique supplier of energy to the Earth, it has a primary influence on life and activities on the Earth. The climate is a first example, but there are many others, such as plant growth or human health, or even the design of buildings, the production of energy, notably electrical and thermal, or even aging materials. This book aims to provide simple answers to anyone who has questions about solar radiation. Its ambition is to help by presenting the fundamental elements of the solar radiation received on the ground. The book includes many examples and numerous illustrations, as well as some simple but fairly precise equations to calculate the various elements covered and to reproduce the figures and graphs. The first of the three parts of this book is devoted to the relative geometry between the direction of the sun and an observer on the ground as well as to the solar radiation emitted by the sun and received at the top of the atmosphere. The orbit of the Earth around the sun and the solar declination are described. The concept of time is introduced which is closely linked to the solar cycle and the rotation of the Earth on itself. Equations are given to calculate the solar radiation received on a horizontal or inclined surface located at the top of the atmosphere. The spectral distribution of the extraterrestrial solar radiation is described. The second part of this book addresses how the solar radiation incident at the top of the atmosphere is attenuated and modified in its downward path to the ground. The reflection of the radiation by the ground is presented. The solar radiation received on the ground by a horizontal or inclined collector plane, such as a natural slope or a rooftop, is discussed, as well as its spectral distribution. The variability of the radiation is addressed in relation to the properties of solar radiation estimated from the measurements. The third part deals with direct or indirect measurements of the solar radiation received on the ground over a given integration time (minute, hour, day, or month), whether for total radiation or radiation in a spectral range such as ultraviolet (UV), or daylight, or photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). It also explains how to check the plausibility of the measurements. Fundamentals of Solar Radiation will be a valuable resource to all professionals, engineers, researchers, students, and other practitioners that seek an understanding of solar radiation.
Fundamentals of Spatial Analysis and Modelling
by Jay GaoThis textbook provides comprehensive and in-depth explanations of all topics related to spatial analysis and spatiotemporal simulation, including how spatial data are acquired, represented digitally, and spatially aggregated. Also features the nature of space and how it is measured. Descriptive, explanatory, and inferential analyses are covered for point, line, and area data. It captures the latest developments in spatiotemporal simulation with cellular automata and agent-based modelling, and through practical examples discusses how spatial analysis and modelling can be implemented in different computing platforms. A much-needed textbook for a course at upper undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
Fundamentals of Statistical Hydrology
by Mauro NaghettiniThis textbook covers the main applications of statistical methods in hydrology. It is written for upper undergraduate and graduate students but can be used as a helpful guide for hydrologists, geographers, meteorologists and engineers. The book is very useful for teaching, as it covers the main topics of the subject and contains many worked out examples and proposed exercises. Starting from simple notions of the essential graphical examination of hydrological data, the book gives a complete account of the role that probability considerations must play during modelling, diagnosis of model fit, prediction and evaluating the uncertainty in model predictions, including the essence of Bayesian application in hydrology and statistical methods under nonstationarity. The book also offers a comprehensive and useful discussion on subjective topics, such as the selection of probability distributions suitable for hydrological variables. On a practical level, it explains MS Excel charting and computing capabilities, demonstrates the use of Winbugs free software to solve Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) simulations, and gives examples of free R code to solve nonstationary models with nonlinear link functions with climate covariates.
Fundamentals of Structural Geology
by David D. Pollard Raymond C. FletcherFundamentals of Structural Geology provides a new framework for the investigation of geological structures by integrating field mapping and mechanical analysis. Assuming a basic knowledge of physical geology, introductory calculus and physics, it emphasizes the observational data, modern mapping technology, principles of continuum mechanics, and the mathematical and computational skills, necessary to quantitatively map, describe, model, and explain deformation in Earth's lithosphere. By starting from the fundamental conservation laws of mass and momentum, the constitutive laws of material behavior, and the kinematic relationships for strain and rate of deformation, the authors demonstrate the relevance of solid and fluid mechanics to structural geology. This book offers a modern quantitative approach to structural geology for advanced students and researchers in structural geology and tectonics. It is supported by a website hosting images from the book, additional colour images, student exercises and MATLAB scripts. Solutions to the exercises are available to instructors.
Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation (Aviation Fundamentals)
by Eva MalevitiFundamentals of Sustainable Aviation is the first textbook to survey the critical field of sustainability within the aviation industry. Taking a systems thinking approach, it presents the foundational principles of sustainability and methodically applies them to different aviation sectors. Opening with the basics of sustainability, emphasising the Sustainable Development Goals, the book then considers the environmental, economic and social dimensions of aviation. The following chapters apply these insights to aviation design, supply chains, operations, maintenance and facilities. The final chapter examines the concept of resilience in sustainable aviation. Overall, the textbook shows how future sustainability can be achieved by making better decisions today. Students are supported with international case studies throughout the book. Slides, test questions and a teaching manual are available for instructors. This textbook is the ideal resource for courses on sustainable aviation globally and will also be of great interest to professionals in the field.
Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation (ISSN)
by Eva MalevitiFundamentals of Sustainable Aviation is the first textbook to survey the critical field of sustainability within the aviation industry. Taking a systems thinking approach, it presents the foundational principles of sustainability and methodically applies them to different aviation sectors.Opening with the basics of sustainability, emphasising the Sustainable Development Goals, the book then considers the environmental, economic and social dimensions of aviation. The following chapters apply these insights to aviation design, supply chains, operations, maintenance and facilities. The final chapter examines the concept of resilience in sustainable aviation. Overall, the textbook shows how future sustainability can be achieved by making better decisions today.Students are supported with international case studies throughout the book. Slides, test questions and a teaching manual are available for instructors. This textbook is the ideal resource for courses on sustainable aviation globally and will also be of great interest to professionals in the field.
Fundamentals of Sustainable Development
by Niko RoordaThe impact of development needs to be considered beyond the narrow focus of economic, ecological or social concerns. This new and expanded edition builds upon the first edition’s accessible and comprehensive overview of the challenges linked to striving for a sustainable, holistic approach to development. Providing a multifaceted approach to the subject in order to encompass what is referred to as ‘people, planet and profit’, this second edition provides a complete update of the text, with increased coverage of new and major topics including the Sustainable Development Goals and the circular economy. An interactive and complete educational tool, the book comes with a website containing exercises, learning goals and summaries for each chapter as well as over forty video clips. It also offers a ‘lecturer section’ which includes a PowerPoint to accompany every chapter, and answers and explanations to the exercises. This stimulating book is an invaluable resource for students and lecturers in all disciplines who have an interest in the sustainability of our planet, and our human society and economy.
Fundamentals of Sustainable Development
by Niko RoordaFundamentals of Sustainable Development is an accessible and interdisciplinary textbook that introduces the concept of sustainable development to students from across the disciplines from economics, management, teacher education, arts and humanities to the natural and social sciences. The impact of development needs to be considered beyond the narrow focus of economic, ecological or social concerns. This new edition builds upon the second edition’s user-friendly and comprehensive overview of the challenges linked to striving for a sustainable, holistic approach to development. Providing a multifaceted approach to the subject in order to encompass what is referred to as ‘people, planet and profit’, this third edition provides a complete update of the text, with an emphasis on topics including the Sustainable Development Goals, the circular economy, climate and energy, and sustainable and future-focused entrepreneurship. This stimulating book is an invaluable resource for students and lecturers in all disciplines who have an interest in the sustainability of our planet, and our human society and economy.