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Geology and Landscapes of the Eastern Pyrenees: A Field Guide with Excursions (GeoGuide)
by Marc Calvet Magali Delmas Yanni Gunnell Bernard LaumonierThis book provides a synthesis of the physiography and geodynamics of the entire Pyrenean orogen and its foreland basins, providing the "big picture" (structure of the orogen and chronology of its formation, overview of its post-orogenic evolution, and Quaternary and recent landscape history). One part of the book proposes a 6–7 day itinerary across the eastern and east-central Pyrenees, two areas that currently provide the richest, best-documented, and most carefully curated database on the post-orogenic evolution of the mountain belt. The book deals with three complementary topics: (i) geodynamics, i.e. the long-term post-orogenic evolution of the Pyrenees since the declining stages of tectonic collision ca. 30 million years ago, and within the wider reference frame of Iberia, the Western Mediterranean, and the Atlantic margin; (ii) geomorphological processes and landforms that have conspired to shape the eastern part of the French and Spanish Pyrenees in response to base-level and climate-related changes over than same time period; (iii) geoheritage, i.e. educational vignettes of the flagship landscape units and typical geological sections of the study area. Written as a field guide, it is designed to help readers to construct discovery-based itineraries through the region (with options and variants depending on time and physical ability), allowing them to appreciate the key landscape and geoheritage features over the course of 1 week, with potential for much more.This GeoGuide is primarily aimed at confirmed geoscientists from most disciplines in Earth science, at postgraduate students engaged in field studies, and at curiosity-driven, educated amateurs keen to enhance their understanding of spectacular or enigmatic features encountered on their travels.
Geology and Mineral Resources (Springer Geology)
by R. K. UpadhyayThis book focuses on understanding Earth’s geology, its mineral resources, their exploration, and management of the environment. There are 3 parts and 12 chapters, and they provide an insight to the students of earth sciences. Part I, consisting of initial four chapters, provides snapshots on the Universe, the Earth, and its internal dynamics, and external geological processes. The mineral resources are covered in Part II with 5 chapters, featuring Earth’s elements, metals, minerals, rocks, and the mineral resources. As they are non-renewable, the importance of their scientific exploration, evaluation, mining, beneficiation, optimum utilization, and adverse impact, safety management, and environment are covered in the last 3 chapters in Part III.
Geology and Mineral Resources of Nigeria
by Nuhu George ObajeContains details on the geological units of Nigeria and the associated mineral resources. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 discusses the geology of the crystalline rocks and their regional distribution while the sedimentary basins constitute the subject of Part 2. Part 3 takes the mineral resources of Nigeria one on one, their geological environment, mode of occurrence, localities and where possible the reserves estimation. Thereafter, an account of the previous and current mining policies (including that of petroleum) of the Nigerian government is given and goes ahead to list some specific investment opportunities in the solid minerals sector.
Geology and Mineralogy of Gemstones (AGU Advanced Textbooks)
by David Turner Lee A. GroatUnderstanding gemstones in a geological context Gemstones are colorful treasures of the Earth that have captivated humans for thousands of years. The physical and chemical characteristics of each type of gem provides insights into the geological processes that created them. Geology and Mineralogy of Gemstones is a textbook aimed at upper-level undergraduate and graduate students. It presents the basic mineralogical and geological knowledge needed to understand gemstones and examines the characteristics and geological origins of different types of gemstone. Volume highlights include: Concepts in mineralogy Structure and chemical composition of minerals Geological processes that lead to the formation and movement of gemstones Equipment and tools used to examine gemstones and their physical properties Description of small- and large-scale methods of gemstone mining The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Geology and Natural Resources of Nigeria
by Silas S. Dada Samuel B. Olobaniyi Kamaldeen O.L OmosanyaGeology and Natural Resources of Nigeria is an up‑to‑date and comprehensive overview of the geological framework of the continental crust of Nigeria, its evolution, and the natural resources it holds. It covers a wide set of topics and provides a detailed description of the rock units of the Nigerian continental crust, their geological settings and structural characteristics, and the potential of their mineral, energy, and water resources. The book discusses the impact of geo‑resources on the Nigerian economy, includes recommendations on how to fully exploit geo‑resources, and explains how to prevent geological processes that could lead to natural hazards.FEATURES Provides different aspects of the Nigerian continental crust from a multidisciplinary approach Draws on the latest findings in geoscience research to present new insights and perspectives into the development and resource potential of the Nigerian continental crust Includes multiple case studies to illustrate the exploration and evaluation of the geological resources of Nigeria Explores the potential of geological resources for economic and industrial development Presents scientific achievements of authors and researchers from various disciplines and provides recommendations for mitigating natural hazards This handbook is intended for industry professionals, academics, researchers, and students studying earth sciences with a special interest in Africa and learning how its geology impacts the natural resources and overall economy of the continent.
Geology and Paleontology of the Quaternary of Uruguay
by Sergio Martínez Martin UbillaThis book provides an updated review and criticism ofthe progress of the continental, transitional and marine Quaternarydeposits of Uruguay. It is primarily based on an analysis of the geologicaland paleontological evidences, synthesizing the time (numerical ages,biostratigraphy), environment and climatic situations involved and highlightingthe most relevant paleontological content.
Geology and Resource Potential of the Congo Basin
by Maarten J. de Wit François Guillocheau Michiel C. J. de WitThis book summarizes the geomorphology, geology, geochronology, geophysics and mineral resources of the Congo Basin, one of the world's most enigmatic and poorly understood major intra-continental sedimentary basins, and its flanking areas of Central Africa. It provides an up to date analysis of the large region's origin and evolution. The book's nineteen chapters take the reader through the entire basement history, as well as the Basin's ca. 700 million years of cover sequences. Starting from its Archean cratons and Proterozoic mobile belts, and proceeding through the Phanerozoic sequences, including the most recent Cenozoic successions, the book also explores the present drainage systems and the subtle but complex topography of the Congo Basin. It also presents and evaluates new basin models and related dynamic processes, as well as revised correlation schemes with its Gondwana counterparts in South America, all of which provide key insights into its rich diamond deposits and other mineral wealth, which are documented in the final chapters. A specific feature of this book is its synthesis, performed by teams of active experts, of a vast amount of geoscientific data previously only recorded in research reports, company reports, survey bulletins, and scattered journal articles and books. The sheer size of the Congo Basin (ca. 1. 8 million km2, or just under half the area of the EU) and Central Africa (some 7 million km2, or more than 70% of the area of the USA) will make this a sought-after source of information and inspiration on this unique region.
Geology and Tectonics of Northwestern South America: The Pacific-Caribbean-Andean Junction (Frontiers in Earth Sciences)
by Fabio Cediel Robert Peter ShawThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the geological evolution of the Northern Andes and contiguous shield areas, with a focus upon Colombia. Updated geological interpretations are supported by modern lithogeochemical, seismic, gravity and magnetic data and radiogenic isotope and radiometric age determinations. The composite data permits a detailed interpretation of the tectono-magmatic history of the Northern Andean Block, including the Andes of Colombia, northern Ecuador, western Venezuela and eastern Panamá.Tectonic reconstructions based upon characterization of more than thirty litho-tectonic and morpho-structural units, terrane assemblages and tectonic realms, and their bounding suture and fault systems, highlight the intimate and complementary Mesozoic-Cenozoic history of the Northern Andean Block and the Pacific and Caribbean Plates.The complex nature of Northern Andean assembly contrasts with ‘‘classical’’ Central Andean ‘‘Cordilleran-type’’ orogenic models. Differences render the application of typical Cordilleran-type models inappropriate for the Colombian Andes.The importance of underlying Proterozoic through mid-Mesozoic elements, in the development of Meso-Cenozoic Northern Andean orogeny-phase tectonic configurations is analyzed in the light of spatial-temporal studies and reconstructions related to basin formation, sedimentation, deformation, uplift mechanisms, structural style and magmatic evolution. The pre-Andean architecture of north western South America has played a pre-determinative role in the development of the Northern Andean orogenic system. 16 contributions analyze key stratigraphic, structural, metamorphic, magmatic and tectonic questions, and provide solutions as far as the most recent published field-based studies permit. The volume provides geological interpretations and tectonic models which contrast with repetitive theoretical proposals frequently found in the available literature.
Geology for Ground Engineering Projects
by Chris J. FletcherBridges the Gap between Geology and Ground Engineering High-quality geological models are crucial for ground engineering projects, but many engineers are not always at ease with the geological terminology and analysis presented in these models, nor with their implications and limitations. Project engineers need to have a sound comprehension of the geological models presented to them, and to be able to discuss the models in so far as they might impinge on the design, safety and possible budgetary or time constraints of the project. They should also fully understand how site investigation data and samples are used to develop and substantiate geological models. Geology for Ground Engineering Projects provides a comprehensive presentation of, and insight into, the critical geological phenomena that may be encountered in many engineering projects, for example rock contact relationships, weathering and karst phenomena in tropical areas, composition of fault zones and variability of rock discontinuities. Examples are provided from around the world, including Southeast Asia, Europe, North and South America, China and India. Comprehensive and well-illustrated, this definitive book: Describes the important geological phenomena that could affect ground engineering projects Provides a practical knowledge-base for relevant geological processes Addresses common geological issues and concerns Rocks are described in relation to the environment of their formation, highlighting the variation in composition, distribution and geotechnical properties that can be expected within a variety of rock associations. Case studies, where geology has been a vital factor, are included. These are written by the project engineers or geologists responsible for the projects. Geology for Ground Engineering Projects is well illustrated with color diagrams and photographs. Readers are directed to satellite images of selected areas to explore for themselves many of the geological features described in this book.
Geology for Kids: A Junior Scientist's Guide to Rocks, Minerals, and the Earth Beneath Our Feet (Junior Scientists)
by Meghan VestalTake a trek to the center of the earth with Geology for KidsSet off on an adventure 4.6 billion years in the making with Geology for Kids. Start at the red-hot center of Earth and learn about each layer until you reach the rocky crust. Discover how mountains, valleys, and oceans form, and uncover secrets about the planet you call home. (Did you know that only 20% of deserts are covered by sand, and some can be blistering cold in the winter?)Geology for Kids is jam-packed with facts, illustrations, and photos that will teach you how volcanoes erupt, why earthquakes shake the land, and what causes tsunamis with waves 100 feet high. And when you're ready to go from curious kid to certified rock hound, use the photographic guide to help you identify rocks and minerals in your own backyard. Your collection will be the best on the block!Get your hands dirty—Use the sidebars with fun and engaging activities for a hands-on learning experience.What's the word?—The helpful glossary in Geology for Kids introduces you to plenty of geological words and terms.More to discover—Find out about the best places to visit in the country for fun adventures like The Grand Canyon, Arches National Park, and Glacier Bay National Park.It's time to dig deep into your geological curiosity with Geology for Kids.
Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World
by Mott T. GreeneIn this clear and comprehensive introduction to developments in geological theory during the nineteenth century, Mott T. Greene asserts that the standard accounts of nineteenth-century geology, which dwell on the work of Anglo-American scientists, have obscured the important contributions of Continental geologists; he balances this traditional emphasis with a close study of the innovations of the French, German, Austro-Hungarian, and Swiss geologists whose comprehensive theory of earth history actually dominated geological thought of the time. Greene's account of the Continental scientists places the history of geology in a new light: it demonstrates that scientific interest in the late nineteenth century shifted from uniform and steady processes to periodic and cyclic events—rather than the other way around, as the Anglo-American view has represented it. He also puts continental drift theory in its context, showing that it was not a revolutionary idea but one that emerged naturally from the Continental geologists' foremost subject of study-the origin of mountains, oceans, and continents. A careful inquiry into the nature of geology as a field poised between natural history and physical science, Geology in the Nineteenth Century will interest students and scholars of geology, geophysics, and geography as well as intellectual historians and historians of science.
Geology of Afar (East Africa)
by Jacques VaretThis book summarizes the geological knowledge accumulated on Afar in the last 60 years, demonstrating that it is, and will remain, a real "hot spot" for geological and geophysical research. It provides insights into the Earth processes along diverging plate boundaries, the study of both the continental and oceanic lithosphere and underlying asthenosphere, and margins and transitions including magmatic, volcanic, tectonic, sedimentary, hydrothermal and geodynamic processes. The Afar triangle is a geological depression that developed where the Gulf of Aden, Red Sea and East African Rift Valley meet. It is considered to be one of the Earth system's most important mantle plumes. In 1967, when the first expedition was organized, there was little information on the geology of the area, and even geographic base maps were lacking. However, the first satellite photographs from the Apollo and Gemini space missions offered a complete picture of the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden region, providing a new vision of the Afar triangle. The book describes the unique geological features that make Afar the only place in the world where an oceanic plate boundary with all its successive steps of development can be observed in the open air. It also presents the Afar triangle as one of the cradles of first, now extinct hominids. The Middle Awash area contains sites of several fossil discoveries, such as the well-known Lucy. The hydrothermal processes in Afar provide conditions suitable for the study of the most primitive forms of life (archaebacterial) and it is also one of the few places where significant quantities of telluric energy are available at the surface for geothermal development. Further, the area has economically interesting mineral deposits and illustrates a number of current climate change issues. In addition to providing geological information, the book shows that Afar is an area where an individual human population developed with its own language and culture, and which adapted to the rugged landscape and extremely dry and hot climate. It is a valuable resource for scientists and students, and also serves the needs of the Afar nation, currently split in three different countries as a result of recent historical events.
Geology of British Columbia
by Richard Cannings Sydney Cannings Joanne NelsonThis book tells the story of the province's geology and the history of its living creatures. The first edition of Geology of British Columbia,, with its accessible but rigorous science, struck a chord with readers. Since it was first published, theories about plate tectonics and the geological history of British Columbia have evolved, and this new edition reflects the current thinking. This book also features updated content throughout, seven new maps, and a number of new photographs. A brand new appendix lists and describes key geological sites in British Columbia, adding a field-guide component to this informative book that will engage readers and compel them to go see these rocks for themselves.
Geology of Coal Deposits of South Limburg, The Netherlands: Including Adjacent German and Belgian Areas (SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences)
by J.H.L. VonckenThis book offers an up-to-date overview of the coal deposits of South Limburg (Netherlands), the Aachen area (Germany), and the Campine area (Belgium). Although the amount of available literature on these coal deposits is quite vast, the majority of the texts date back to the mid-twentieth century, and most publications focus more on the stratigraphy of the coal layers and the rank of the coal. Moreover, the concept of continental drift is largely ignored in these publications. In addition to providing updated information, this book also discusses coal mining in these regions; the formation and petrography of coal; and the geological evolution of Western Europe/the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. In order to explain the tropical nature of the flora in the Carboniferous period, paleogeographic aspects are also taken into account.
Geology of Connemara in Western Ireland: Unravelling the Region’s Tectonic, Metamorphic, and Magmatic Histories
by Martin FeelyThe Connemara region in Western Ireland is world-renowned for its outstanding geology that is blended with spectacular landscapes. This book and its many colourful illustrations, maps, diagrams, field and landscape images detail the origin and formation of Connemara’s metamorphic and igneous rocks in deep time from 700 to 380 million years ago. It combines many field geology observations and current research results, and describes the many geological processes involved in the formation of the bedrock foundations of Connemara: plate tectonics, granite magmatism, deformation, metamorphism and mineral deposits. An amazing book for students and geological societies that visit the region annually.Features The only book available on the formation of the igneous and metamorphic rock complexes in Connemara Explores the regional geological context of Connemara from ~700 Ma to 385 Ma Incorporates the most up-to-date research results and many useful field images, maps and schematic diagrams for teacher and student alike Describes the deformation, metamorphic and magmatic histories in Pressure-Temperature-time (PTt) space Includes a chapter dedicated to the application of fluid inclusion studies to magmatic and hydrothermal mineralization in the Galway Granite Complex and its environs This book serves as a resource for professionals, academics and senior undergraduate and graduate students working and studying in the fields of geology, earth sciences and environmental sciences.
Geology of Cuba (Regional Geology Reviews)
by Manuel Enrique Pardo EcharteThe evolution of geological cartography in Cuba in its more than 135 years of history has been possible through the consultation of numerous archival reports, publications, maps and personal interviews with different authors and geologists of vast experience. A brief critical analysis is made of the increase in the degree of geological knowledge of the country since the elaboration of the Geological Sketch of the Cuban Island at a scale of 1: 2 000 000 (Fernández de Castro, 1883), first of Cuba and of Ibero-America, until the most recent Digital Geological Map of Cuba at scale 1: 100 000 (Pérez Aragón, 2016). Cuba and its surroundings are a geological mosaic in the southeast corner of the North American plate with rocks from many different origins, from Proterozoic to Quaternary, extended along the southern border of the plate. From the Eocene, this belt has been dissected by several great faults, related to the development of some great oceanic depressions (Cayman trough and Yucatan basin). The fossil record of Cuba, which covers approximately the last 200 million years of life on Earth, is rich in very varied fossils, witnessing a wide diversity of organisms, both animals and plants, that inhabited the Antillean and Caribbean region; and that constitute the inheritance of the biological diversity that the current Cuban archipelago exhibits. As a result of the preparation of the Cuban Metallogenic Map at scale 1: 250 000, forty-one models and eight sub-models of metallic mineral deposits were identified. These models, of descriptive–genetic type, together with the analysis of their spatial distribution and their relationship with geology, allowed the identification and mapping of ten mineral systems, linked to the geodynamic environments present in the Cuban territory. Cuba has large deposits of limestone, loam, dolomite, kaolin, gypsum and anhydrite, rock salt, marbles, sands and clays of different types, zeolites, peat, therapeutic peloids and many more. There are manifestations of decorative and precious rocks such as jasper, jadeite, different varieties of quartz and even xylopals. A compilation of geochemical data of oceanic basalt samples from previous works, together with data of analyzed samples during this study in order to discuss geochemical criteria based on immobile element (proxies for fractionation indices, alkalinity, mantle flow and subduction addition), provide a comprehensive ophiolite classification according to their tectonic setting. This book addresses different facets of the geological knowledge of Cuba: history of its cartography, marine geology, fossil record, stratigraphy, tectonics, classification of its ophiolites, quaternary deposits, metallogeny and minerageny.
Geology of Fossil Fuels --- Coal: Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress, Volume 18 Part B
by Yang QiThis volume contains papers presented at the 30th International Geological Congress on coal. It includes information on the applications of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy to paralicand terrestrial coal-bearing strata and petrology and depositional environment of Early Jurassic coal.
Geology of Fossil Fuels --- Oil and Gas: Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress, Volume 18 Part A
by Sun Zhaocai Wang Tinbin Ye Deliao Song GuojunFirst published in 1997. This is a collection of papers from the thirtieth conference of the International Geographical Congress, focusing on the Part A- Geology of Fossil fuels- Oil and Gas, whereas part B looks at Coal. The proceedings took place in Beijing China between the 4-14th August 1996.
Geology of Hungary
by Janós HaasHungary lies in the central part of the Pannonian Basin, surrounded by the ranges of the Alps, Carpathians, and Dinarides. The geology of the country can be summarized as a process whereby complicated plate collision-type orogeny was followed by the formation of a young basin in which a relatively complete sequence of basin infill has been preserved. The handbook "Geology of Hungary" presents an outline of the main features of the geology and geohistory of the region in a single volume, illustrated by a great number of color figures and photos for the benefit of foreign geoscientists interested in this area. The volume follows the evolutionary history of the major structural units prior to their juxtaposition in the Tertiary and discusses the subsequent evolution of the Pannonian Basin. Due to the geohistorical approach to this study it was necessary to extend the scope of the discussion beyond the present-day political boundaries of Hungary, to cover most of the Pannonian region.
Geology of National Parks (Sixth Edition)
by Ann G. Harris Esther Tuttle Sherwood D. TuttleHighlights the local history as well as the geologic features and developments of national parks formed by stream erosion and weathering, glaciers and wave action, igneous activity, mountain building and uplift, and ground water.
Geology of National Parks of Central/Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania: Geotourism Of The Gregory Rift Valley, Active Volcanism And Regional Plateaus
by Roger N. ScoonThis book describes the interrelationship between the spectacular geology of an area of East Africa that includes a branch of the rift valley, as well as giant freestanding ice-capped mountains and extraordinarily toxic, alkaline lakes, and some of the greatest concentrations of wildlife on Earth. It suggests that geological processes that have shaped the iconic landforms, including active volcanoes, may also be responsible for the unusually diverse speciation which characterises the region. Moreover, it is not a coincidence that important palaeoanthropological discoveries have been unearthed in the region. National parks and conservation areas have tremendous potential for geotourism and the book assists both tour guides and visitors in this regard. In addition, the book may provide a better understanding to management of the importance of geology for sustaining wildlife.
Geology of North Africa
by Edward TawadrosA reference volume on the geology of North Africa, this volume deals with Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. In great detail the geology, tectonic elements, the geology of the Pan-African Shield, the Phanerozoic geological evolution and most of the lithostratigrahpic units of the five countries are described. Moreover, the petroleum geolog
Geology of North Africa and the Mediterranean: Sedimentary Basins and Georesources (Regional Geology Reviews)
by Francois Roure Sami KhomsiThis book summarizes the links between the evolution of sedimentary basins of Northern Africa and Peri-Mediterranean in different tectonic settings and the distribution of georesources in those basins. Georesources include fossil energy, geothermal energy, deep aquifers, minerals and deposits. This book also provides key information for energy resources in these important areas. The book is in part a compilation of selected papers from Atlas Georesources International Congress, Hammamet, Tunisia, (AGIC 2017) which were extended after the congress in addition to other contributions from geoscientists based at some universities and companies from the region. It is organized in a set of research studies focusing on the architecture, geodynamic evolution and modeling of sedimentary basins in the Middle East, North Africa and the Mediterranean domain. Future developments in the exploration for water, energy and other georesources are very important in these regions. In this context, this book constitutes an important reference for a wide range of geoscientists and companies as it defines the distribution and potentialities of these resources.
Geology of Southeast Alaska: Rock and Ice in Motion
by Harold StowellThe most powerful forces on earth have shaped the landscape of Southeast Alaska. Scientists and visitors from around the world trek north to experience wild rivers, powerful glaciers, and breathtaking mountain peaks. Now, for the first time, a handy guide to the region is available. Complete with color illustrations revealing millions of years of geological history and in-depth descriptions of Sitka, Juneau, and Glacier Bay, Geology of Southeast Alaska is essential reading for anyone fascinated by rock and ice in motion. Written by a geologist with over twenty-five years of experience in the north, Geology of Southeast Alaska will entertain and inform with abundant photographs and detailed drawings. Whether you want to understand the forces that shaped the state of Alaska, or you want to learn the basics of glacial movement, this compact, authoritative book is for you.
Geology of the Alps
by O. Adrian PfiffnerThe Alps, with their outstanding outcrop conditions, represent a superb natural laboratory for many geological processes, and have played a crucial role in the history of geology. This book gives an up-to-date and holistic overview of the key aspects of Alpine geology. After a brief presentation of the plate tectonic framework, the rock suites are discussed, starting with the pre-Triassic crystalline basement, followed by Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary sequences. The lithological description of the rock types is supplemented by a discussion of their paleogeographic and plate tectonic contexts. The book goes on to describe the structure of the Alps (including the Jura Mountains and the Alpine foreland to the north and south) illustrated by numerous cross-sections. The evolution of the Alps as a mountain chain incorporates a discussion of the Alpine metamorphic history and a compilation of orogenic timetables. The final sections cover the evolution of Alpine drainage patterns and the region’s glacial history. Readership: The book is essential reading for students and lecturers on Alpine courses and excursions, and all earth-scientists interested in the geology of the region.