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Macroevolution in Deep Time
by Alexander J. Bartholomew Rituparna BoseThe prerequisite to investigating the underlying causes behind mass extinction is a profound understanding of the evolutionary history of both living and dead species. It is especially important to appreciate the significance of such studies in extinct organisms; especially in organisms that were abundant in a certain geologic era, but have subsequently dwindled or become extinct. Such studies should help to accurately evaluate patterns of evolution in extinct species lineages and help predict the same in its modern analogs. The book includes cutting edge research in evolutionary biology that should serve as a starting point for conservation.
Macromolecular Characterization of Hydrocarbons for Sustainable Future: Applications to Hydrocarbon Value Chain (Green Energy and Technology)
by Uttam Kumar BhuiThis book discusses the macromolecular characterization of hydrocarbon components and their industrial applications for sustainable future development. It provides efficient integrated solutions and feasible industrial applications for sustainable cleaner and greener future. The book covers recent trends in the use of hydrocarbons such as crude oil, coal and shale, biomass and other carbon materials. Various topics covered in this book include challenges in mature field redevelopment, enhanced oil recovery, optical characteristics of petroleum crudes-surfactants-brine solutions, challenges and issues in processing hydrocarbons, 'coal for future cleaner fuel and chemicals' and 'biomass for fuels and chemicals'. The book is useful for the researchers and professionals working in the area of petroleum engineering.
Macromolecular Materials
by HastingsThis volume deals with some basic considerations of structure and its relation to function. After outlining some basic principles in the first chapter, including manufacturing effects, structural determination is discussed in detail. This is important since adequate characterization in terms of molecular size is necessary for a proper understanding and suse. The theme of interrelationships between structure and properties is developed in the next chapters. The second part of the volume deals with selected applications in which the development and sue of macromolecultar materials in specific applications is described.The selection of applications includes synthetic and natural polymers and the range of medical areas involved include orthopedics, dialysis, drug release (macromolecular pharmacology) blood contact, and plastic surgery. Since the list could not be completely comprehensive, these represent areas of special development or of continuing problems.
Macroscopic Limits of Quantum Systems: Munich, Germany, March 30 - April 1 2017 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #270)
by Daniela Cadamuro Maximilian Duell Wojciech Dybalski Sergio SimonellaBased on the workshop of the same name, this proceedings volume presents selected research investigating the mathematics of collective phenomena emerging from quantum theory at observable scales. Featured contributions from leading scientists provide a thorough overview of current and active research. Methods from functional analysis, spectral theory, renormalization group theory, and variational calculus are used to prove rigorous results in quantum physics. Topics include superconductivity and mathematical aspects of the BCS theory, the Jellium model and Bose-Einstein condensation, among others. Presenting technical details in an accessible way, this book serves as an introduction to research for advanced graduate students and is suitable for specialists in mathematical physics.The workshop “Macroscopic Limits of Quantum Systems” was held over three days in the spring of 2017 at the Technical University of Munich. The conference celebrated the achievements of Herbert Spohn and his reception of the Max Planck Medal.
Macroscopic and Large Scale Phenomena: Coarse Graining, Mean Field Limits and Ergodicity
by Adrian Muntean Jens Rademacher Antonios ZagarisThis book is the offspring of a summer school school "Macroscopic andlarge scale phenomena: coarse graining, mean field limits and ergodicity", which washeld in 2012 at the University of Twente, the Netherlands. The focus lies onmathematically rigorous methods for multiscale problems of physical origins. Each of the four book chapters is based on a set of lectures deliveredat the school, yet all authors have expanded and refined their contributions. Francois Golsedelivers a chapter on the dynamics of large particle systems in the mean fieldlimit and surveys the most significant tools and methods to establish suchlimits with mathematical rigor. Golse discusses in depth a variety of examples,including Vlasov--Poisson and Vlasov--Maxwell systems. Lucia Scardia focuseson the rigorous derivation of macroscopic models using $\Gamma$-convergence, amore recent variational method, which has proved very powerful for problems inmaterial science. Scardia illustrates this by various basic examples and a moreadvanced case study from dislocation theory. Alexander Mielke'scontribution focuses on the multiscale modeling and rigorous analysis ofgeneralized gradient systems through the new concept of evolutionary$\Gamma$-convergence. Numerous evocative examples are given, e. g. , relating toperiodic homogenization and the passage from viscous to dry friction. Martin Göll and EvgenyVerbitskiy conclude this volume, taking a dynamical systems and ergodic theoryviewpoint. They review recent developments in the study of homoclinic pointsfor certain discrete dynamical systems, relating to particle systems viaergodic properties of lattices configurations.
Madagaskar - Von Makis, Menschen und einem bedrohten Paradies
by Lennart PyritzEin Buch, das Madagaskar in seinen vielfältigen Facetten zeigt, untermalt mit ausgezeichneten Fotos. Angesprochen werden alle reise- und naturbegeisterten Leser. Ein tagebuchartiger, amüsant geschriebener Erfahrungsbericht über eine 14-monatige biologische Feldarbeit in Madagaskar in Form kurzer Texte (siehe: www.spektrumdirekt.de/madagaskar) ist ergänzt durch zahlreiche hochqualitative Fotos. Hauptsächlich biologische Themen werden erörtert, aber auch Erfahrungen mit madagassischer Kultur, Land und Leuten. Einzelne Abschnitte werden durch allgemeinverständlich geschriebene Infoboxen von Experten zum jeweiligen Thema ergänzt. Den zweiten Teil des Buches bildet eine Sammlung von Essays mit Fotos, ein madagassisches Zitat am Anfang führt hin zu madagassischer Fauna, Flora, Naturschutz, Geschichte, Politik, Kultur und Lebensweise. Verfasst sind die Beiträge von Autoren wie Prof. Peter Kappeler vom Deutschen Primatenzentrum, Dr. Roland Hilgartner, Leiter des Affenbergs Salem, und seiner madagassischen Frau Mamisolo sowie Dr. Christoph Schwitzer vom Zoo Bristol und Madagaskar-Koordinator der IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group.
Madlands: A Journey to Change the Mind of a Climate Sceptic
by Anna RoseAn idealistic twenty-something environmentalist. A retired right-wing finance minister.All their lives, they've happily ignored each other.Until now.Anna Rose, environmental crusader since the age of fourteen and co-founder of the Australian Youth Climate Coalition, is on a mission. This is the story of her biggest challenge yet: a whirlwind journey around the world with conservative powerbroker and arch climate sceptic Nick Minchin. From a remote Hawaiian volcano to a cosmic ray laboratory in Geneva, Anna rolls out the biggest names in science to try and change Nick's mind.It's a journey to tell the story of what's happening to our climate—not just to one man, but to a nation divided on the biggest issue of our times. Nick and Anna challenge each other's views, provoking each other to confront closely held assumptions and question our responsibilities as citizens living in uncertain times.
Mafic-ultramafic Intrusions in Beishan and Eastern Tianshan at Southern CAOB: Petrogenesis, Mineralization and Tectonic Implication
by Ben-Xun SuThe widespread mafic-ultramafic complexes in the Earth are well-known as their hosting Ni-Cu-PGE ore deposits, and their petrogenesis and mineralization have become hot issues in the geological studies. This thesis comprehensively investigated the petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry and geochronology of several mafic-ultramafic complexes in the Beishan Terrane, southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt aimed at systematically determining the mineralization and petrogenetic processes responsible for the formation of the complexes and placing constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Eastern Tianshan and Beishan, and the Early Permian mantle plume. The thesis identified mineralizing indicators of Ni-Cu sulfide deposits and defined the roles of partial melting, fractional crystallization, crustal assimilation and magma injection. The systematical isotopic compositions revealed the mantle source of the mafic-ultramafic complexes had undergone the subduction-related modifications both from the South Tianshan Ocean and subsequently the Junggar Ocean, and that the complexes were emplaced in the period of 269-285 Ma coeval with the 280 Ma mantle plume event in the Tarim Craton. The results of this thesis provide new insights about the tectonic setting, magma evolution, ore genesis, and exploration implications of the mafic-ultramafic complexes in Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Dr. Benxun Su works at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
Magic School Bus: Inside the Earth
by Joanna ColeTo celebrate its 20th anniversary, Scholastic is re-releasing the ten original Magic School Bus titles in paperback. With updated scientific information, the bestselling science series ever is back! Rock collecting has never been quite like this! When the class forgets to do its homework, a fieldtrip through the Earth's crust, into the center of the Earth, and out through a volcano will teach them not to forget their assignments again - and then some!
Magic School Bus: Ocean Adventure (Scholastic Reader, Level 2)
by Mary Kay CarsonNow early readers can take a ride on the Magic School Bus!With the help of Ms. Frizzle, young readers can develop their reading skills while they pick up fun facts about the world's ocean. Ms. Frizzle's class will teach you everything you ever wanted to know about the deep sea through this engaging and accesible reader. This is a great introduction to the Magic School Bus program.
Magic Tree House Fact Tracker #12: Sabertooths and the Ice Age
by Mary Pope Osborne Sal Murdocca Natalie Pope BoyceMagic Tree House Research Guides are now Magic Tree House Fact Trackers! Track the facts with Jack and Annie! When Jack and Annie got back from their adventure in Magic Tree House #7: Sunset of the Sabertooth, they had lots of questions. What was it like to live in the Ice Age? How did early humans stay warm enough to survive? Who made the first cave paintings? What happened to saber-toothed cats and woolly mammoths? Find out the answers to these questions and more as Jack and Annie track the facts. Filled with up-to-date information, photos, illustrations, and fun tidbits from Jack and Annie, the Magic Tree House Fact Trackers are the perfect way for kids to find out more about the topics they discovered in their favorite Magic Tree House adventures.
Magic Tree House Fact Tracker #26: Pandas and Other Endangered Species (Magic Tree House (R) Fact Tracker #26)
by Mary Pope Osborne Sal Murdocca Natalie Pope BoyceWhen Jack and Annie got back from their adventure in Magic Tree House #48: A Perfect Time for Pandas they had lots of questions. What do pandas eat? Where do they live? Why are snow leopards so scarce? How can we help? Find out the answers to these questions and more as Jack and Annie track the facts. Filled with up-to-date information, photos, illustrations, and fun tidbits from Jack and Annie, the Magic Tree House Fact Trackers are the perfect way for kids to find out more about the topics they discovered in their favorite Magic Tree House adventures.From the Trade Paperback edition.
Magic Tree House Survival Guide (Magic Tree House (R))
by Mary Pope Osborne Sal Murdocca Natalie Pope BoyceLions and tigers and bears--oh, man!Jack and Annie have survived all kinds of dangers on their adventures in the magic tree house. Find out how you can survive lots of scary situations, including sharks, earthquakes, fires, shipwrecks, and many more! With full-color photographs and illustrations, facts about real-life survival stories, and tips from Jack and Annie, this is a must-have for all survivors of the bestselling Magic Tree House series.Have more fun with Jack and Annie on the Magic Tree House® website at MagicTreeHouse.com.
Magic in a Drop of Water: How Ruth Patrick Taught the World about Water Pollution
by Julie WinterbottomAn entertaining and gorgeous picture book biography of scientist and environmental hero Ruth Patrick, one of the first to warn about the dangers of pollution.A brilliant scientist and intrepid explorer, the ecologist Ruth Patrick taught the world how to care for the environment. She studied water pollution long before it became a public concern and gave other scientists the tools to do something about it. Born in 1907, Ruth Patrick was one of the only women in her field when she made her breakthrough discovery about biodiversity and the ecosystem of rivers, forever changing how ecologists understand pollution.Lyrically, joyfully written, exquisitely illustrated, and full of fascinating details and a rich afterword and timeline, this STEM biography will inspire readers who love the environment to follow their passion and curiosity.
Maglev Trains
by Xiaolong Li Zhigang Liu Zhiqiang LongThe motion of the train depends on the traction of linear motors in the vehicle. This book describes a number of essential technologies that can ensure the safe operation of Maglev trains, such as suspension and orientation technologies, network control and diagnosis technologies. This book is intended for researchers, scientists, engineers and graduate students involved in the rail transit industry, train control and diagnosis, and Maglev technology.
Magma Redox Geochemistry (Geophysical Monograph Series)
by Roberto Moretti Daniel R. NeuvilleMagma Redox Geochemistry Magma Redox Geochemistry The redox state is one of the master variables behind the Earth’s forming processes, which at depth concern magma as the major transport agent. Understanding redox exchanges in magmas is pivotal for reconstructing the history and compositional make-up of our planet, for exploring its mineral resources, and for monitoring and forecasting volcanic activity. Magma Redox Geochemistry describes the multiple facets of redox reactions in the magmatic realm and presents experimental results, theoretical approaches, and unconventional and novel techniques. Volume highlights include: Redox state and oxygen fugacity: so close, so farRedox processes from Earth’s accretion to global geodynamicsRedox evolution from the magma source to volcanic emissionsRedox characterization of elements and their isotopes The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Magma to Microbe: Modeling Hydrothermal Processes at Oceanic Spreading Centers, 1st Edition
by Robert P. Lowell Jeffrey S. Seewald Anna Metaxas Michael R. PerfitPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 178. Hydrothermal systems at oceanic spreading centers reflect the complex interactions among transport, cooling and crystallization of magma, fluid circulation in the crust, tectonic processes, water-rock interaction, and the utilization of hydrothermal fluids as a metabolic energy source by microbial and macro-biological ecosystems. The development of mathematical and numerical models that address these complex linkages is a fundamental part the RIDGE 2000 program that attempts to quantify and model the transfer of heat and chemicals from "mantle to microbes" at oceanic ridges. This volume presents the first "state of the art" picture of model development in this context. The most outstanding feature of this volume is its emphasis on mathematical and numerical modeling of a broad array of hydrothermal processes associated with oceanic spreading centers. By examining the state of model development in one volume, both cross-fertilization of ideas and integration across the disparate disciplines that study seafloor hydrothermal systems is facilitated. Students and scientists with an interest in oceanic spreading centers in general and more specifically in ridge hydrothermal processes will find this volume to be an up-to-date and indispensable resource.
Magmas, Rocks and Planetary Development: A Survey of Magma/Igneous Rock Systems
by Eric A. MiddlemostThe variety of volcanic activity in the Solar System is widely recognised, yet the majestic sequences of magmatic processes that operate within an active planet are much less well known. Providing an exposition of igneous rocks, magmas and volcanic erupsions, this book brings together magnetic and volcanic data from different tectonic settings, and planets, with explanations of how they fit together. It systematically examines composition, origin and evolution of common igneous rocks, yet also examines a variety of rare magnetic rocks that play a crucial role in the global magma/igneous rock system.
Magmatism and Crustal Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau (Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences #25)
by Zengqian Hou Xuanxue Mo Jinfu Deng Zhidan Zhao Guochen Dong Dicheng Zhu Yaoling NiuThis book presents a comprehensive coverage of the magmatic and crustal evolution of the Tibetan Plateau through time, based mainly on the recent data and observations of the authors. It provides extensive geochemical, isotopic and geochronological datasets to better constrain the geodynamic evolution of the highest and thickest orogenic plateau in the world. It is a unique and original contribution to our understanding of the geology and landscape of the “roof of the world” in an integrated and multi-disciplinary approach. All chapters in the book are process-oriented and data-rich, and reflect the most recent knowledge and information on the Tibetan Plateau. All five authors of the book have worked extensively in Tibet and in the adjacent areas over the years. Their familiarity with both the geology of Tibet and all the research done there by different scientific teams during the last 30 years are a major driving force behind this book.
Magmatism and Geodynamics: Terrestrail Magmatism Throughout the Earth's History
by O. A. BogatikovMagnatism is the only true endogenic process for generating new material on the Earth's surface. Obviously, magmatism and tectonic movements are reflections of geodynamics, that is, physical processes which occur in deep-seated environments. What are the interrelationships between magmatism and tectronics? How did the character of terrestrial magmatism change through time and are there any irregularities in this process?
Magmatism in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
by Bruce MarshThe mechanisms of magma movement, chemical differentiation and physical development, are derived from the geochemistry of igneous rocks, and from studying exposures of deep magmatic systems that have since solidified and been uplifted and exposed at the Earth's surface. The Ferrar Magmatic System of the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica provides an unparalleled example of a complete magmatic-volcanic system exposed in unprecedented detail. This book provides a unique and usual three-dimensional detailed examination of this system, providing insight into many magmatic processes normally unobservable, in particular how basaltic magma moves upwards through the crust, how it entrains, carries and deposits loads of crystals from great depths, and how this all contributes to Earth's evolution. Providing an explanation of how magmatic systems operate and how igneous rocks form, this is an invaluable resource ideal for researchers and graduate students in magma physics, igneous petrology, volcanology, and geochemistry.
Magnetic Actuators and Sensors
by John R. BrauerA fully updated, easy-to-read guide on magnetic actuators and sensors The Second Edition of this must-have book for today's engineers includes the latest updates and advances in the field of magnetic actuators and sensors. Magnetic Actuators and Sensors emphasizes computer-aided design techniques—especially magnetic finite element analysis; offers many new sections on topics ranging from magnetic separators to spin valve sensors; and features numerous worked calculations, illustrations, and real-life applications. To aid readers in building solid, fundamental, theoretical background and design know-how, the book provides in-depth coverage in four parts: PART I: MAGNETICS Introduction Basic Electromagnetics Reluctance Method Finite-Element Method Magnetic Force Other Magnetic Performance Parameters PART II: ACTUATORS Magnetic Actuators Operated by Direct Current Magnetic Actuators Operated by Alternating Current Magnetic Actuator Transient Operation PART III: SENSORS Hall Effect and Magnetoresistive Sensors Other Magnetic Sensors PART IV: SYSTEMS Coil Design and Temperature Calculations Electromagnetic Compatibility Electromechanical Finite Elements Electromechanical Analysis Using Systems Models Coupled Electrohydraulic Analysis Using Systems Models With access to a support website containing downloadable software data files (including MATLAB® data files) for verifying design techniques and analytical methods, Magnetic Actuators and Sensors, Second Edition is an exemplary learning tool for practicing engineers and engineering students involved in the design and application of magnetic actuators and sensors.
Magnetic Cloud Boundary Layers and Magnetic Reconnection
by Yi WangThis thesis focuses on magnetic reconnection processes in the boundary layer of the interplanetary magnetic cloud. Magnetic reconnection is an important and frontier topic in the realm of physics. Various physical phenomena can be observed during the reconnection process but lots of them are not fully understood. This thesis provides the first observational evidence of energetic electrons associated with magnetic reconnection in the solar wind and discusses the particle acceleration problems. In addition, after analyzing the particle flux variations in Magnetic Cloud Boundary Layer, the thesis proposes a possible new criterion for the identification of magnetic reconnection in the solar wind. These tantalizing results could be particular clues to understand the dynamical problems in magnetic reconnection processes.
Magnetic Dynamics in Antiferromagnetically-Coupled Ferrimagnets: The Role of Angular Momentum (Springer Theses)
by Takaya OkunoThis book presents the theoretical and experimental investigations on antiferromagnetically coupled ferrimagnets and reveals new aspects of ferrimagnetic dynamics in terms of the role of angular momentum. The purpose of this book is to show readers that antiferromagnets/ferrimagnets are useful in spintronic devices in that (1) The nonadiabatic spintransfer torque in antiferromagnets acts as a staggered magnetic field, which can drive the magnetic domain walls, and (2) The Gilbert damping parameter α, the energy dissipation rate associated with the magnetic dynamics of ferrimagnets, is insensitive to temperature in contrast to the conventional understanding that the effective α of ferrimagnets diverges at the angular momentum compensation temperature. This book provides readers with a scientific platform of ferrimagnetic dynamics, which serves as a useful basis for realizing the next generation of spintronic devices.
Magnetic Field Effects in Low-Dimensional Quantum Magnets (Springer Theses)
by Adam IaizziThis thesis is a tour-de-force combination of analytic and computational results clarifying and resolving important questions about the nature of quantum phase transitions in one- and two-dimensional magnetic systems. The author presents a comprehensive study of a low-dimensional spin-half quantum antiferromagnet (the J-Q model) in the presence of a magnetic field in both one and two dimensions, demonstrating the causes of metamagnetism in such systems and providing direct evidence of fractionalized excitations near the deconfined quantum critical point. In addition to describing significant new research results, this thesis also provides the non-expert with a clear understanding of the nature and importance of computational physics and its role in condensed matter physics as well as the nature of phase transitions, both classical and quantum. It also contains an elegant and detailed but accessible summary of the methods used in the thesis—exact diagonalization, Monte Carlo, quantum Monte Carlo and the stochastic series expansion—that will serve as a valuable pedagogical introduction to students beginning in this field.