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Metastability
by Anton Bovier Frank Den HollanderThis monograph provides a concise presentation of a mathematical approach to metastability, a wide-spread phenomenon in the dynamics of non-linear systems - physical, chemical, biological or economic - subject to the action of temporal random forces typically referred to as noise, based on potential theory of reversible Markov processes. The authors shed new light on the metastability phenomenon as a sequence of visits of the path of the process to different metastable sets, and focuses on the precise analysis of the respective hitting probabilities and hitting times of these sets. The theory is illustrated with many examples, ranging from finite-state Markov chains, finite-dimensional diffusions and stochastic partial differential equations, via mean-field dynamics with and without disorder, to stochastic spin-flip and particle-hop dynamics and probabilistic cellular automata, unveiling the common universal features of these systems with respect to their metastable behaviour. The monograph will serve both as comprehensive introduction and as reference for graduate students and researchers interested in metastability.
Metaverse und die Dynamik der digitalen Transformation: Einfluss auf Nachhaltigkeit, Berufsbilder und Wissenschaft
by Hartmut FreyMetaversum verschmilzt die industrielle Welt in eine Realität mit erweiterter (augmented reality, AR) und virtueller Realität (VR). Parallel wird auch die Erforschung naturwissenschaftlicher Phänomene, deren schnelle Umsetzung in nachhaltige Innovationen und das individuelle Erlernen wie das Anbinden der neuen Erkenntnisse an vorhandene persönliche Erfahrungen, um damit das Entstehen neuer Ideen gefördert. Metaversum ist nicht gleichbedeutend mit virtueller Realität, es ist ein Netzwerk von Hochleistungscomputern, schnellem Internet, lernfähigen Algorithmen, Clouds und der Verwendung von Datenbrillen. Diese Entwicklung erzwingt eine Neubesinnung und -bestimmung auf naturwissenschaftliche Forschungserkenntnissen und deren Übertragung in technologische Innovationen im Kanon der Deutungs- und Verwendungsansprüche von Öffentlichkeit, Politik und Wirtschaft. Die Fragen lauten: Wo liegen Ansatzpunkte im Verständnis von Naturwissenschaft, um bei Fortführung und weiterer Ausdifferenzierung desErkenntnisprozesses die Transformation in innovative Technologien voran zutreiben.
Meteocuriositats: 50 secrets per entendre el temps
by Tomàs Molina Roger SimóConverteix-te en un meteoròleg expert amb el Tomàs Molina! Per què el cel és blau? Com podem saber si plourà? Com es forma l'arc de Sant Martí? De què estan fets els núvols? Per què els trons fan tant soroll? Segur que moltes vegades has mirat al cel i has pensat que el temps està boig... Però no! La realitat és que cada fenomen meteorològic té una explicació científica, curiosa i divertida. Estàs preparat per descubrir-la?
Meteorite: How Stones from Outer Space Made Our World
by Tim GregoryExplore the universe and immerse yourself in the story of our solar system, planet, and life through meteorites.Meteorites have long been seen as portents of fate and messages from the gods, their fiery remains inspiring worship and giving rise to legends that have persisted for millennia. But beyond the lore, meteorites tell an even greater story: that of our solar system. In Meteorite, geologist Tim Gregory shows that beneath the charred crusts of these celestial stones lies a staggering diversity of rock types. Their unique constituents, vibrant colors, and pungent smells contain thrilling tales of interstellar clouds, condensing stardust, and the fiery collisions of entire worlds. Gregory explores the world of meteorites to uncover new insights into what our solar system was like before our sun became a star, into the forging of our planet, and into the emergence of life on it. Humans have long looked to the skies for answers to big questions. Meteorite reveals how science is finally arriving at those answers.
Meteorite: The Stones From Outer Space That Made Our World
by Tim GregoryEvery rock has a story tell, and none more so than those which have fallen from the sky: meteorites. Originating in the Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter, these rocky fragments offer clues not just to the earliest origins of the Solar System but also to Earth's very survival into the future.Sky at Night presenter, Dr Tim Gregory takes us on a journey through the very earliest days of our Solar System to the spectacular meteorite falls that produced 'fiery rain' in 1792, to the pre-solar grains (literally stardust) that were blown in from other solar systems and are the oldest solid objects ever discovered on earth. Meteorites reveal a story much bigger than ourselves or our planet. As Tim says, 'it is an epic beyond compare'.
Meteorite: The Stones From Outer Space That Made Our World
by Tim Gregory'Drawing on his deep technical education and boundless curiosity, Tim Gregory brings a childlike wonder of discovery to everything he sees. He shows an uncanny ability to swiftly understand, to clearly explain, and to be joyful in the process. His scientific delight is contagious' Chris HadfieldEvery rock has a story tell, and none more so than those which have fallen from the sky: meteorites. Originating in the Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter, these rocky fragments offer clues not just to the earliest origins of the Solar System but also to Earth's very survival into the future.Sky at Night presenter, Dr Tim Gregory takes us on a journey through the very earliest days of our Solar System to the spectacular meteorite falls that produced 'fiery rain' in 1792, to the pre-solar grains (literally stardust) that were blown in from other solar systems and are the oldest solid objects ever discovered on earth. Meteorites reveal a story much bigger than ourselves or our planet. As Tim says, 'it is an epic beyond compare'.(P) 2020 Hodder & Stoughton Ltd
Meteorological Measurements and Instrumentation (Advancing Weather and Climate Science)
by Giles HarrisonThis book describes the fundamental scientific principles underlying high quality instrumentation used for environmental measurements. It discusses a wide range of in situ sensors employed in practical environmental monitoring and, in particular, those used in surface based measurement systems. It also considers the use of weather balloons to provide a wealth of upper atmosphere data. To illustrate the technologies in use it includes many examples of real atmospheric measurements in typical and unusual circumstances, with a discussion of the electronic signal conditioning, data acquisition considerations and data processing principles necessary for reliable measurements. This also allows the long history of atmospheric measurements to be placed in the context of the requirements of modern climate science, by building the physical science appreciation of the instrumental record and looking forward to new and emerging sensor and recording technologies.
Meteorological Satellite Systems
by Su-Yin Tan"Meteorological Satellite Systems" is a primer on weather satellites and their Earth applications. This book reviews historic developments and recent technological advancements in GEO and polar orbiting meteorological satellites. It explores the evolution of these remote sensing technologies and their capabilities to monitor short- and long-term changes in weather patterns in response to climate change. Satellites developed by various countries, such as U. S. meteorological satellites, EUMETSAT, and Russian, Chinese, Japanese and Indian satellite platforms are reviewed. This book also discusses international efforts to coordinate meteorological remote sensing data collection and sharing. This title provides a ready and quick reference for information about meteorological satellites. It serves as a useful tool for a broad audience that includes students, academics, private consultants, engineers, scientists, and teachers.
Meteorological and Air Quality Models for Urban Areas
by Alexander Baklanov Maria Athanassiadou Sue Grimmond Alexander MahuraThis book for the first time gives an overall view of the current situation in urbanization of meteorological and air quality models around the world. It discusses and makes recommendations on the best practice and strategy for urbanization of different types of meteorological and air quality models. Based on the selected presentations given at the COST728 workshop, the contributions are arranged in four parts: urban morphology and databases; parameterizations of urban canopy; strategy for urbanization of different types of models; and evaluation and city case studies / field studies. The chapters treat either dynamic (on wind and turbulent) and thermal effects (on temperature and energy in general). The final chapter of this volume summarizes the discussion and conclusions from the four main topics and provides recommendations and future requirements. This monograph is oriented towards numerical weather prediction and air quality modelling communities.
Meteorologist (Cool Helping Careers)
by Geoffrey M. HornMeteorologist: Have you ever wondered how forecasters predict weather? How do they know when to issue evacuation warnings? Or how can they tell how much snow or rain will fall? Meteorologists have an important job. The information they provide not only helps people prepare for their day, but can also help save lives. Learn how these trained professionals gather data, track storms, and even fly directly into hurricanes!
Meteorologists (Jobs People Do)
by Emily RaijWhat will the weather be like tomorrow? Meteorologists forecast the weather, but they have other jobs behind the scenes. Readers will learn about how meteorologists study the weather, the tools they use, and how people get this exciting, fast-paced job.
Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather Climate and the Evironment
by Robert Henson C. Donald AhrensC. Donald Ahrens and Robert Henson combine expert content in weather, climate, and earth science with the interactive experience you expect from Cengage Learning. Grounded in the scientific method, this reader-friendly and highly visual book shows you how to observe, calculate, and synthesize information as a budding scientist, systematically analyzing meteorological concepts and issues. Specific discussions center on severe weather systems, such as tornadoes, thunderstorms, and hurricanes, as well as everyday elements, such as wind, precipitation, condensation, masses and fronts, and the seasons. Events and issues dominating today's news cycles also receive thorough attention, and include analysis of Superstorm Sandy, the Oklahoma tornadoes, recent findings from the US National Climate Assessment and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and more. Whether you choose a bound book or eBook, METEOROLOGY TODAY, 11th Edition is a dynamic learning experience packed with end-of-chapter summaries, key terms, review questions, exercises and problems, live animations, web links, and more to carry your learning to atmospheric heights!
Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment
by Robert Henson C. Donald AhrensNIMAC-sourced textbook <P><P>C. Donald Ahrens and Robert Henson combine expert content in weather, climate, and earth science with the interactive experience you expect from Cengage Learning. Grounded in the scientific method, this reader-friendly and highly visual book shows you how to observe, calculate, and synthesize information as a budding scientist, systematically analyzing meteorological concepts and issues. Specific discussions center on severe weather systems, such as tornadoes, thunderstorms, and hurricanes, as well as everyday elements, such as wind, precipitation, condensation, masses and fronts, and the seasons. Events and issues dominating today's news cycles also receive thorough attention, and include analysis of Superstorm Sandy, the Oklahoma tornadoes, recent findings from the US National Climate Assessment and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and more. Whether you choose a bound book or eBook, METEOROLOGY TODAY, 11th Edition is a dynamic learning experience packed with end-of-chapter summaries, key terms, review questions, exercises and problems, live animations, web links, and more to carry your learning to atmospheric heights!
Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment, 8th Ed.
by C. Donald AhrensIllustrated throughout with color photographs, satellite images, and diagrams, this textbook gives undergraduates a visual introduction to the study of meteorology. The emphasis is on the understanding and application of meteorological principles, and students are encouraged to apply what they have learned when observing the weather around them. The 19 self-contained chapters can be covered in any order desired. A removable, laminated cloud chart poster is found at the back of the volume. Annotation ©2006 Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
Meteorology and Physiology in Early Modern Culture: Earthquakes, Human Identity, and Textual Representation (Perspectives On The Non-human In Literature And Culture Ser.)
by Rebecca TotaroMeteorology and Physiology in Early Modern Culture: Earthquakes, Human Identity, and Textual Representation provides the first sustained examination of the foundational set of early modern beliefs linking meteorology and physiology. This was a relationship so intimate and, to us, poetic that we have spent centuries assuming early moderns were using figurative language when they represented the matter and motions of their bodies in meteorological terms and weather events in physiological ones. Early moderns believed they inhabited a geocentric universe in which the matter and motions constituting all sublunary things were the same and that therefore all things were compositionally and interactively related. What physically generated anger, erotic desire, and plague also generated thunder, the earthquake, and the comet. As a result, the interpretation of meteorological events, such as the 1580 earthquake in the Dover Strait, was consequential. With its radical and seemingly spontaneous shaking, an earthquake could expose inconvenient truths about the cause of matter and motion and about what, if anything, distinguishes humans from every other thing and from events. Meteorology and Physiology in Early Modern Culture reveals a need for reexamination of all representations of meteorology and physiology in the period. This reexamination begins here with a focus on the Titanic metamorphoses captured by Edmund Spenser, William Shakespeare, John Donne, and the many writers responding to the 1580 earthquake.
Meteorology for Coastal Scientists
by Robert V. Rohli Chunyan LiThis is a textbook for non-atmospheric specialists who work in the coastal zone. Its purpose will be to help coastal environmental, engineering, and planning professionals to understand coastal atmospheric processes. This in turn will allow more effective communication with climate modelers, atmospheric environmental consultants, and members of the media.The coastal environment is among the most intensively used and chronically abused components of the Earth-ocean-atmosphere system. It is also home to an ever-increasing proportion of humanity with their increasing development, trade, transportation, and industrial activities, amid increasing impacts of natural hazards. The atmosphere is an integral part of the system, with all of the above human activities affecting and being affected by atmospheric processes and hazards. Yet few of the specialists studying the coastal environment have expertise on atmospheric processes, this therefore presents a highly relevant textbook on coastal atmospheric processes.
Meteorology in Nineteenth-Century Society: Volume I: Weather Forecasting and Nation-State Building (Nineteenth-Century Science, Technology and Medicine: Sources and Documents)
by Aitor AnduagaThis four-volume set of thematically focused and curated primary sources examines meteorology in nineteenth-century society. Knowing the history of meteorology and climatology since their inception as physical sciences in the nineteenth century is fundamental to understanding the causes and historical patterns of the severe weather and climate change that greatly preoccupy today’s society. Thematically focused collections of primary sources support the research and study needs not only of scholars, but also graduate and postgraduate students. To this end, the volumes contextualize and explain the contents of these sources. The collection brings together the most relevant themes in current scholarship: weather forecasting and nation-state building; cyclones, trade, and navigation; meteorology and religion; and weather, climate, and empire.
Meteorology in Nineteenth-Century Society: Volume II: Cyclones, Trade, Navigation and Society (Nineteenth-Century Science, Technology and Medicine: Sources and Documents)
by Aitor AnduagaThis four-volume set of thematically focused and curated primary sources examines meteorology in nineteenth-century society. Knowing the history of meteorology and climatology since their inception as physical sciences in the nineteenth century is fundamental to understanding the causes and historical patterns of the severe weather and climate change that greatly preoccupy today’s society. Thematically focused collections of primary sources support the research and study needs not only of scholars, but also graduate and postgraduate students. To this end, the volumes contextualize and explain the contents of these sources. The collection brings together the most relevant themes in current scholarship: weather forecasting and nation-state building; cyclones, trade, and navigation; meteorology and religion; and weather, climate, and empire.
Meteorology in Nineteenth-Century Society: Volume III: Meteorology and Religion (Nineteenth-Century Science, Technology and Medicine: Sources and Documents)
by Aitor AnduagaThis four-volume set of thematically focused and curated primary sources examines meteorology in nineteenth-century society. Knowing the history of meteorology and climatology since their inception as physical sciences in the nineteenth century is fundamental to understanding the causes and historical patterns of the severe weather and climate change that greatly preoccupy today’s society. Thematically focused collections of primary sources support the research and study needs not only of scholars, but also graduate and postgraduate students. To this end, the volumes contextualize and explain the contents of these sources. The collection brings together the most relevant themes in current scholarship: weather forecasting and nation-state building; cyclones, trade, and navigation; meteorology and religion; and weather, climate, and empire.
Meteorology in Nineteenth-Century Society: Volume IV: Weather, Climate and Empire (Nineteenth-Century Science, Technology and Medicine: Sources and Documents)
by Aitor AnduagaThis four-volume set of thematically focused and curated primary sources examines meteorology in nineteenth-century society. Knowing the history of meteorology and climatology since their inception as physical sciences in the nineteenth century is fundamental to understanding the causes and historical patterns of the severe weather and climate change that greatly preoccupy today’s society. Thematically focused collections of primary sources support the research and study needs not only of scholars, but also graduate and postgraduate students. To this end, the volumes contextualize and explain the contents of these sources. The collection brings together the most relevant themes in current scholarship: weather forecasting and nation-state building; cyclones, trade, and navigation; meteorology and religion; and weather, climate, and empire.
Meteorology of Tropical West Africa: The Forecasters' Handbook
by Douglas J. Parker Mariane Diop KaneMeteorology of tropical West Africa: the Forecasters’ Handbook presents the science and practice of weather forecasting for an important region of the tropics. Connecting basic theory with forecasting practice, the book provides a unique training volume for operational weather forecasters, and is also suitable for students of tropical meteorology. The West African region contains a number of archetypal climatic zones, meaning that the science of its weather and climate applies to many other tropical regions. West Africa also exhibits some of the world’s most remarkable weather systems, making it an inspiring region for students to investigate. The weather of West Africa affects human livelihoods on a daily basis, and can contribute to hardship, poverty and mortality. Therefore, the ability to understand and predict the weather has the potential to deliver significant benefits to both society and economies. The book includes comprehensive background material alongside documentation of weather forecasting methods. Many examples taken from observations of West African weather systems are included and online case-studies are referenced widely.
Meteorology: The Study Of Weather (New True Books: Space)
by Christine Taylor-ButlerA True Book: Earth Science series presents fascinating facts and fun activities that will engage the budding earth scientist, while exploring the fields of geology, meteorology, ecology, and more. This series includes an age appropriate (grades 3-5) introduction to curriculum-relevant subjects and a robust resource section that encourages independent study. Readers will find out how meteorologists study patterns in Earth's atmosphere to predict temperature changes, dangerous storms, and even global climate change.
Meteors and How to Observe Them
by Robert LunsfordThe focus of this book is to introduce the novice to the art of meteor observing. It explains in straightforward language how best to view meteor activity under a variety of conditions, regardless of the observer's location. The observing conditions for each meteor shower are vastly different from each of the Earth's regions and this book would be valuable to any potential observer from Australia to Alaska. The calendar chapters list activity as it occurs throughout the year. The list is limited to showers that the amateur observer can actually see (some sources list radiants that are impossible to observe without photographic or video methods). Not only are the annual showers discussed, but the random sporadic meteor activity is also included for each region. This is important, as there are many more nights throughout the year when the sporadic background will provide more activity than that provided by the annual showers!
Methane Combustion over Lanthanum-based Perovskite Mixed Oxides
by Hamidreza ArandiyanThis book presents current research into the catalytic combustion of methane using perovskite-type oxides (ABO3). Catalytic combustion has been developed as a method of promoting efficient combustion with minimum pollutant formation as compared to conventional catalytic combustion. Recent theoretical and experimental studies have recommended that noble metals supported on (ABO3) with well-ordered porous networks show promising redox properties. Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) materials with interpenetrated and regular mesoporous systems have recently triggered enormous research activity due to their high surface areas, large pore volumes, uniform pore sizes, low cost, environmental benignity, and good chemical stability. These are all highly relevant in terms of the utilization of natural gas in light of recent catalytic innovations and technological advances. The book is of interest to all researchers active in utilization of natural gas with novel catalysts. The research covered comes from the most important industries and research centers in the field. The book serves not only as a text for researcher into catalytic combustion of methane, 3DOM perovskite mixed oxide, but also explores the field of green technologies by experts in academia and industry. This book will appeal to those interested in research on the environmental impact of combustion, materials and catalysis.
Methane and Climate Change
by Pete Smith David Reay Andre Van AmstelMethane is a powerful greenhouse gas and is estimated to be responsible for approximately one-fifth of man-made global warming. Per kilogram, it is 25 times more powerful than carbon dioxide over a 100-year time horizon -- and global warming is likely to enhance methane release from a number of sources. Current natural and man-made sources include many where methane-producing micro-organisms can thrive in anaerobic conditions, particularly ruminant livestock, rice cultivation, landfill, wastewater, wetlands and marine sediments. This timely and authoritative book provides the only comprehensive and balanced overview of our current knowledge of sources of methane and how these might be controlled to limit future climate change. It describes how methane is derived from the anaerobic metabolism of micro-organisms, whether in wetlands or rice fields, manure, landfill or wastewater, or the digestive systems of cattle and other ruminant animals. It highlights how sources of methane might themselves be affected by climate change. It is shown how numerous point sources of methane have the potential to be more easily addressed than sources of carbon dioxide and therefore contribute significantly to climate change mitigation in the 21st century.