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An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics (Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment)
by Chung FangThis textbook provides a concise introduction to the mathematical theory of fluid motion with the underlying physics. Different branches of fluid mechanics are developed from general to specific topics. At the end of each chapter carefully designed problems are assigned as homework, for which selected fully worked-out solutions are provided. This book can be used for self-study, as well as in conjunction with a course in fluid mechanics.
An Introduction to Forensic Geoscience
by Elisa BergslienAn Introduction to Forensic Geoscience provides fundamental training in geoscience as developed through the lens of its forensic applications. It incorporates a range of topics including geophysical methods of grave detection, the mineralogy of art, identification of microfossils, and comparison of soil trace evidence samples. Each topic is introduced using core concepts that are developed with increasing complexity in order to give readers an understanding of the underlying scientific principles involved and a taste of the wide range of possible forensic uses. A variety of detailed reference tables have been compiled for the text and each chapter contains lists of references to applicable textbooks and journal articles. Examples of real criminal cases are also presented in each chapter to make the connections between theory and real world application. The goal of this book is to give readers a familiarity with the wide range of ways in which geoscience principles and geological materials can be utilized forensically. Additional resources for this book can be found at: http://www.wiley.com/go/bergslien/forensicgeoscience.
An Introduction to GNSS Geodesy and Applications
by Clement A. OgajaThis volume is the second edition to 2022’s Introduction to GNSS Geodesy: Foundations of Precise Positioning Using Global Navigation Satellite Systems. It serves as an important reference to GNSS beginners as well as seasoned enthusiasts. In this updated edition, author Clement Ogaja focuses on fundamentals and contents that will remain unaffected by rapid changes and data exchange formats, ensuring that the book will remain up to date for years. The book consists of five chapters. The first covers basic concepts of parameter estimation in GNSS Geodesy. From there, Chapter 2 discusses reference systems in GNSS Geodesy. Chapter 3 moves on to observation models, errors, and biases, and Chapter 4, which is completely new to this second edition, details GNSS data processing workflow and strategies. The book concludes with an applied chapter that details concrete uses of GNSS Geodesy. New appendices that will be especially useful to seasoned users are also featured.
An Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps, Eighth Edition
by George M Bennison Paul A Olver Keith A MoseleyAn Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps is a concise and accessible textbook providing simple structural terminology and map problems which introduce geological structures. It is a perfect introduction to mapping for students of geology, engineering geology and civil engineering.Each topic is explained and illustrated by figures, and exercises follow on successive maps. If students are unable to complete an exercise, they can read on to obtain more specific instructions on how theory may be used to solve the problem. An appendix at the end of the book provides the solutions.This new, eighth edition contains simplified introductory matter to make the subject as easy to grasp as possible. Colour photographs illustrating geological structures bring the subject to life and a new map from the British Geological Survey illustrates a real area. There is more on outcrop patterns, which will help students to think in 3D, and on structures and the relationship of topography to geological structure. Cliff sections have been added to reinforce the concept of apparent dip. The section on planetary geology has been more closely tied to igneous geology to aid understanding of the connection between the two. Finally, a new map on economic geology has been added for the benefit of engineering students.A geological glossary helps students to understand and memorise key terms and a new, colourful, text design enlivens the appearance of this popular book.
An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration
by Michael Brooks Philip Kearey Ian HillThis new edition of the well-established Kearey and Brooks text is fully updated to reflect the important developments in geophysical methods since the production of the previous edition. The broad scope of previous editions is maintained, with even greater clarity of explanations from the revised text and extensively revised figures. Each of the major geophysical methods is treated systematically developing the theory behind the method and detailing the instrumentation, field data acquisition techniques, data processing and interpretation methods. The practical application of each method to such diverse exploration applications as petroleum, groundwater, engineering, environmental and forensic is shown by case histories. The mathematics required in order to understand the text is purposely kept to a minimum, so the book is suitable for courses taken in geophysics by all undergraduate students. It will also be of use to postgraduate students who might wish to include geophysics in their studies and to all professional geologists who wish to discover the breadth of the subject in connection with their own work.
An Introduction to Geosynthetic Engineering
by Sanjay Kumar ShuklaThe development of the use of polymeric materials in the form of geosynthetics has brought about major changes in the civil engineering industry. Geosynthetics are available in a wide range of compositions appropriate to different applications and environments. Over the past three to four decades, civil engineers have grown increasingly interested
An Introduction to Geosynthetic Engineering
by Sanjay Kumar ShuklaGeosynthetics, primarily made from synthetic polymers, provide efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable solutions for civil, geotechnical, and environmental challenges. Enhancing infrastructure performance with soil and rock, they are integral to global construction standards. Beyond civil engineering, their applications extend to mining, agriculture, and aquaculture. This book explores the principles, properties, and applications of geosynthetics, offering tailored solutions for innovative and sustainable infrastructure development.This updated second edition of An Introduction to Geosynthetic Engineering provides a comprehensive introduction to geosynthetics, meeting the needs of senior undergraduate and postgraduate students, practising engineers, and professionals. It includes expanded content, updated chapters, new sections, detailed site photographs, revised standards and guidelines, additional examples, and practice questions. Tailored to support both learning and practical application, this textbook is an essential resource for understanding and utilizing geosynthetics in sustainable infrastructure development.
An Introduction to Global Environmental Issues Instructors Manual
by Lewis A. Owen Professor Kevin PickeringAn Introduction to Global Environmental Issues presents a comprehensive stimulating introduction to the key environmental issues presently threatening our global environment. Offering an authoritative introduction to the key topics, a source of latest environmental information, and an innovative stimulus for debate, this is an essential book for all those studying or concerned with global environmental issues.In this second edition, the most topical global environmental issues are brought more clearly into focus. Explanations of the evolution of the earth's natural systems (hydrosphere, biosphere, geosphere, ecosphere) provide the essential understanding of the scientific concepts, processes and historical background behind key environmental issues. Contemporary socio-economic, cultural and political considerations are explored and important conceptual approaches such as Gaian hypotheses and Chaos Theory are introduced. Human impact and management of the natural environment, and concerns for maintaining biodiversity are emphasised throughout.Specific features include: Case studies drawn from across the world Superb illustrations: 4-colour plate sections; a wealth of informative diagrams Glossary of key terms, with key concepts highlighted throughout the text Annotated guides to Further Reading Chapter summaries and key points A new Instructors' Manual is available to accompany the text
An Introduction to Heritage Breeds: Saving and Raising Rare-Breed Livestock and Poultry
by Alison Martin D. Phillip Sponenberg DVM Jeannette BerangerDeveloped for the particular needs of the working farm, heritage breeds have proved invaluable to small-scale agricultural production for centuries. This comprehensive guide explains why conserving heritage breeds remains important and how they often can be a better choice for the modern farmer than conventional animals. With profiles of heritage poultry, sheep, cattle, and more, you’ll learn how to select and successfully raise the breed that is right for your specific needs. Enjoy the benefits of resilient livestock while preserving genetic diversity for future generations.
An Introduction to Humanitarian Action (Routledge Humanitarian Studies)
by Kristina Roepstorff Katrin RadtkeThis important new textbook provides a concise and practice-oriented introduction to the workings of the humanitarian sector and the key contemporary debates surrounding it.The number of people around the world in need of humanitarian action and protection is at its highest figure in decades; yet at the same time, the humanitarian system is facing numerous problems and undergoing fundamental reforms. This book invites us to tackle these challenges head on, addressing the increasing complexity of humanitarian crises and the implications for humanitarian principles and standards as well as the management of humanitarian projects. Expansive in scope, the book covers: The sector’s historical foundations and the need to decolonise The main types of crises and sectors of humanitarian response State and non-state actors and institutions The key rules, norms, and project management approaches Key trends and challenges, including access, innovation, and anticipation The book also covers important debates on localisation, inclusive programming, and the decolonisation of the humanitarian system. This exciting new textbook will be an important read for students looking for a comprehensive introduction, as well as for practitioners wanting to stimulate critical thinking and enhance their practical skills.
An Introduction to KMS Weights (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2362)
by Klaus Erik ThomsenThis book provides an introduction to the theory of KMS weights and KMS states, which play an important role in mathematical physics and other applications of operator algebras. Leading from the definitions to some of the most recent research results, it covers advanced topics such as the Laca-Neshveyev theorem, elements of the modular theory of von Neumann algebras, the geometry of the set of KMS weights, duality (for KMS weights on crossed products), the relationship between KMS weights and traces and the types of factors associated with extremal KMS weights. Some of the material is new, in the sense that the proofs and results are published here for the first time. This relatively self-contained book will be useful both to researchers in the area of operator algebras and to more advanced students who wish to enter this field.
An Introduction to Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Surface Reactions (Lecture Notes in Physics #856)
by A.P.J. JansenKinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations still represent a quite new area of research, with a rapidly growing number of publications. Broadly speaking, kMC can be applied to any system describable as a set of minima of a potential-energy surface, the evolution of which will then be regarded as hops from one minimum to a neighboring one. The hops in kMC are modeled as stochastic processes and the algorithms use random numbers to determine at which times the hops occur and to which neighboring minimum they go. Sometimes this approach is also called dynamic MC or Stochastic Simulation Algorithm, in particular when it is applied to solving macroscopic rate equations. This book has two objectives. First, it is a primer on the kMC method (predominantly using the lattice-gas model) and thus much of the book will also be useful for applications other than to surface reactions. Second, it is intended to teach the reader what can be learned from kMC simulations of surface reaction kinetics. With these goals in mind, the present text is conceived as a self-contained introduction for students and non-specialist researchers alike who are interested in entering the field and learning about the topic from scratch.
An Introduction to Large-Scale Tropical Meteorology (Springer Atmospheric Sciences)
by Vasubandhu MisraThis upper-undergraduate/graduate-level textbook introduces students to large-scale tropical climate circulation and its variations, covering their fundamental aspects and our current understanding of how they are impacted in a warming world. From this volume, readers will gain an understanding of tropical climate variability from the meso- to planetary scale. Uniquely, equal emphasis is placed on atmospheric and oceanic processes of tropical phenomena. The book will appeal to senior undergraduate and graduate students across geoscience disciplines, including in meteorology, oceanography, geography, hydrology, and environmental science.
An Introduction to Lieb's Simplified Approach to the Bose Gas (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Ian JauslinThis book explores Lieb's Simplified approach to the ground state of systems of interacting bosons. While extensive research has delved into the behavior of interacting bosons, persistent challenges, such as proving Bose-Einstein condensation, remain. Introduced by Lieb in 1963, the Simplified approach has been the object of renewed attention in recent years, revealing surprising and promising results. Notably, this approach provides ground state energy predictions that agree with many-body systems asymptotically at both low and high densities. It further predicts a condensate fraction and correlation function that agree with Bogolyubov theory at low densities, and numerical predictions match quantum Monte Carlo simulations across all densities. This suggests that Lieb's Simplified approach could serve as a potent tool for reimagining the study of interacting bosons. The book defines Lieb's Simplified approach, discusses its predictions, and presents known analytical and numerical results. It is designed for advanced students and young researchers working in the fields of mathematical physics, quantum many-body physics and Bose-Einstein condensates.
An Introduction to Mathematical Relativity (Latin American Mathematics Series)
by José NatárioThis concise textbook introduces the reader to advanced mathematical aspects of general relativity, covering topics like Penrose diagrams, causality theory, singularity theorems, the Cauchy problem for the Einstein equations, the positive mass theorem, and the laws of black hole thermodynamics. It emerged from lecture notes originally conceived for a one-semester course in Mathematical Relativity which has been taught at the Instituto Superior Técnico (University of Lisbon, Portugal) since 2010 to Masters and Doctorate students in Mathematics and Physics. Mostly self-contained, and mathematically rigorous, this book can be appealing to graduate students in Mathematics or Physics seeking specialization in general relativity, geometry or partial differential equations. Prerequisites include proficiency in differential geometry and the basic principles of relativity. Readers who are familiar with special relativity and have taken a course either in Riemannian geometry (for students of Mathematics) or in general relativity (for those in Physics) can benefit from this book.
An Introduction to Mesoscale Meteorology
by Shaowen Shou Shenshen Li Yixuan Shou Xiuping YaoThis book provides a comprehensive introduction of mesoscale meteorology which is one of the important branches of meteorology, studying majorly mesoscale atmospheric systems. It focuses on introduction of the basic knowledge about mesoscale meteorology. It contains the features and equation set of mesoscale atmospheric motions, the topographically forced mesoscale circulations, the gravity waves in free atmosphere, the front and jet stream, the mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), the atmospheric instability, the factors effecting the development of MCSs, mesoscale weather diagnosis and forecasting. This book provides many figures and basic formulas to help reader understanding the basic knowledge. What is mesoscale weather system? How the mesoscale systems influence severe disaster weather? How to forecast the mesoscale severe disaster weather? You will find the answers in it. This book will be of interest to both graduate students majoring in meteorology and the meteorological researchers.
An Introduction to Metamorphic Petrology
by Bruce Yardley Clare WarrenThis second edition is fully updated to include new developments in the study of metamorphism as well as enhanced features to facilitate course teaching. It integrates a systematic account of the mineralogical changes accompanying metamorphism of the major rock types with discussion of the conditions and settings in which they formed. The use of textures to understand metamorphic history and links to rock deformation are also explored. Specific chapters are devoted to rates and timescales of metamorphism and to the tectonic settings in which metamorphic belts develop. These provide a strong connection to other parts of the geology curriculum. Key thermodynamic and chemical concepts are introduced through examples which demonstrate their application and relevance. Richly illustrated in colour and featuring end-of-chapter and online exercises, this textbook is a comprehensive introduction to metamorphic rocks and processes for undergraduate students of petrology, and provides a solid basis for advanced study and research.
An Introduction to Mine Hydrogeology (SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology)
by Pradipta Kumar DebAn Introduction to Mine Hydrogeology briefly describes the subject of hydrogeology so that this knowledge can be integrated into mine development planning. It emphasizes not only the hydrochemical but also the physical impacts of the hydrogeological environment on the mine and its surroundings. Further, it discusses the methodologies used in mine hydrogeological studies, showcased by selected studies on Indian mines.
An Introduction to Modeling Neuronal Dynamics
by Christoph BörgersThis book is intended as a text for a one-semester course on Mathematical and Computational Neuroscience for upper-level undergraduate and beginning graduate students of mathematics, the natural sciences, engineering, or computer science. An undergraduate introduction to differential equations is more than enough mathematical background. Only a slim, high school-level background in physics is assumed, and none in biology. Topics include models of individual nerve cells and their dynamics, models of networks of neurons coupled by synapses and gap junctions, origins and functions of population rhythms in neuronal networks, and models of synaptic plasticity.An extensive online collection of Matlab programs generating the figures accompanies the book.
An Introduction to Modern Timekeeping and Time Transfer (Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology)
by Parameswar Banerjee Demetrios MatsakisThis book provides a comprehensive, systematic description of modern timekeeping and its specializations. Introductory chapters discuss the concept of time and its definition, then briefly look at pre-Atomic Era timekeeping to set the stage for the introduction of the atomic clock. Subsequent chapters focus on concepts such as frequency stability and measurement uncertainty, as well as computer network time-synchronization protocols including Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precise Time Protocol (PTP). The book then delves into the nuts and bolts of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer, and Optical Time and Frequency Transfer. Timescale theory is then described as a way to combine clock data, and the algorithms and procedures used to generate Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) are given. Finally, there is a look at modern applications of timekeeping and time transfer.Featuring a glossary of all key terms, this book is highly recommended for trained or incoming physicists, engineers, or mathematicians working, for example, in manufacturing or timing laboratories. Additionally, it is suitable for use in introductory university courses dealing with the subject of timekeeping.
An Introduction to Non-Abelian Discrete Symmetries for Particle Physicists (Lecture Notes in Physics #858)
by Morimitsu Tanimoto Hiroshi Ohki Hiroshi Okada Yusuke Shimizu Hajime Ishimori Tatsuo KobayashiThese lecture notes provide a tutorial review of non-Abelian discrete groups and show some applications to issues in physics where discrete symmetries constitute an important principle for model building in particle physics. While Abelian discrete symmetries are often imposed in order to control couplings for particle physics - in particular model building beyond the standard model - non-Abelian discrete symmetries have been applied to understand the three-generation flavor structure in particular. Indeed, non-Abelian discrete symmetries are considered to be the most attractive choice for the flavor sector: model builders have tried to derive experimental values of quark and lepton masses, and mixing angles by assuming non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries of quarks and leptons, yet, lepton mixing has already been intensively discussed in this context, as well. The possible origins of the non-Abelian discrete symmetry for flavors is another topic of interest, as they can arise from an underlying theory - e.g. the string theory or compactification via orbifolding - thereby providing a possible bridge between the underlying theory and the corresponding low-energy sector of particle physics. This text explicitly introduces and studies the group-theoretical aspects of many concrete groups and shows how to derive conjugacy classes, characters, representations, and tensor products for these groups (with a finite number) when algebraic relations are given, thereby enabling readers to apply this to other groups of interest.
An Introduction to Numerical Weather Prediction Techniques
by T. N. Krishnamurti Lahouari BounouaAn Introduction to Numerical Weather Prediction Techniques is unique in the meteorological field as it presents for the first time theories and software of complex dynamical and physical processes required for numerical modeling. It was first prepared as a manual for the training of the World Meteorological Organization's programs at a similar level. This new book updates these exercises and also includes the latest data sets. This book covers important aspects of numerical weather prediction techniques required at an introductory level. These techniques, ranging from simple one-dimensional space derivative to complex numerical models, are first described in theory and for most cases supported by fully tested computational software. The text discusses the fundamental physical parameterizations needed in numerical weather models, such as cumulus convection, radiative transfers, and surface energy fluxes calculations. The book gives the user all the necessary elements to build a numerical model. An Introduction to Numerical Weather Prediction Techniques is rich in illustrations, especially tables showing outputs from each individual algorithm presented. Selected figures using actual meteorological data are also used.This book is primarily intended for senior-level undergraduates and first-year graduate students in meteorology. It is also excellent for individual scientists who wish to use the book for self-study. Scientists dealing with geophysical data analysis or predictive models will find this book filled with useful techniques and data-processing algorithms.
An Introduction to Ocean Remote Sensing
by Seelye MartinExamining the use of satellite data in the retrieval of oceanic physical and biological properties, this study presents examples of the kinds of data that can be acquired and recounts their oceanographic application. It also describes the national and international programs in satellite oceanography of the past two decades, and reviews current and future programs up to 2019. The textbook, designed for graduate and senior undergraduate courses in satellite oceanography, will prepare students and interested scientists to use satellite data in oceanographic research.
An Introduction to Operator Algebras (Studies in Advanced Mathematics #9)
by Kehe ZhuAn Introduction to Operator Algebras is a concise text/reference that focuses on the fundamental results in operator algebras. Results discussed include Gelfand's representation of commutative C*-algebras, the GNS construction, the spectral theorem, polar decomposition, von Neumann's double commutant theorem, Kaplansky's density theorem, the (continuous, Borel, and L8) functional calculus for normal operators, and type decomposition for von Neumann algebras. Exercises are provided after each chapter.
An Introduction to Planetary Atmospheres
by Agustin Sanchez-LavegaPlanetary atmospheres is a relatively new, interdisciplinary subject that incorporates various areas of the physical and chemical sciences, including geophysics, geophysical fluid dynamics, atmospheric science, astronomy, and astrophysics. Providing a much-needed resource for this cross-disciplinary field, An Introduction to Planetary Atmospheres p