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Recent Research on Hydrogeology, Geoecology and Atmospheric Sciences: Proceedings of the 1st MedGU, Istanbul 2021 (Volume 1) (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation)
by Mingjie Chen Imran Ali Zhihua Zhang Haroun Chenchouni Helder I. Chaminé Nabil Khelifi Attila CinerThis edited book is based on the accepted papers for presentation at the 1st MedGU Annual Meeting, Istanbul 2021. With three sections spanning a large spectrum of geological and geoenvironmental topics, this book presents a series of newest research studies that are nowadays relevant to Middle East, Mediterranean region, and Africa.The book includes major subjects related to hydrogeology, geoecology, and atmospheric sciences. Case studies are from the fields of hydrology, hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry and water resources, biogeochemistry, geobiology and geoecology, atmospheric sciences, meteorology, climatology, and oceanography.
Recent Research on Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, Geochemistry, Volcanology, Tectonics, and Petroleum Geology: Proceedings of the 2nd MedGU, Marrakesh 2022 (Volume 2) (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation)
by Jasper Knight Zakaria Hamimi Santanu Banerjee Attila Çiner Domenico M. Doronzo Helder I. Chaminé Maurizio Barbieri Jesús Rodrigo-Comino Zeynal Abiddin Ergüler Federico Lucci Ahmed E. Radwan Afroz Ahmad Shah Roohollah Kalatehjari Dionysia Panagoulia Matteo Gentilucci Carla Candeias Stefano Naitza Ciro Cucciniello Hasnaa ChennaouiThis book is based on the accepted papers for presentation at the 2nd MedGU Annual Meeting, Marrakech 2022. It covers various topics from the fields of (1) sedimentology, stratigraphy, paleontology, (2) geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology, volcanology, (3) structural geology, tectonics, geodynamics, petroleum geology, (4) petroleum and energy sciences and engineering, (5) astrogeology, impact craters and meteorites, and (6) climate and sea level change during the Cenomanian-Turonian Anoxic Event based on a synthesis of sedimentological, micropaleontological, and geochemical records. The content of these papers provides new scientific knowledge based on a series of newest research studies that are relevant to Middle East, Mediterranean region, and Africa.
Recent Research on Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, Tectonics, Geochemistry, Volcanology and Petroleum Geology: Proceedings of the 1st MedGU, Istanbul 2021 (Volume 2) (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation)
by Zakaria Hamimi Santanu Banerjee Attila Çiner Domenico M. Doronzo Federico Lucci Ahmed E. Radwan Afroz Ahmad Shah Wilfried BauerThis edited book is based on the accepted papers for presentation at the 1st MedGU Annual Meeting, Istanbul 2021. With four parts spanning a large spectrum of geological, geochemical, geophysical and petroleum topics, this book presents a series of newest research studies that are nowadays relevant to Middle East, Mediterranean region, and Africa.The book covers various topics from the fields of (1) sedimentology, stratigraphy, paleontology, (2) geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology, volcanology, (3) structural geology, tectonics, geodynamics, and (4) petroleum and energy engineering, and petroleum geology. The content of these papers provides new scientific knowledge for further understanding new case studies and approaches in these various topics.
Recent Technologies and Challenges in Water Remediation: Select Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Water Technologies (ICWT 2023) (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #581)
by Sumit Saxena Shobha Shukla Prasanna Kumar S. MuralThis book aims to be a collection of various technologies for water remediation. The rapid population growth, deforestation, urbanization, depleting surface/ groundwater resources, and global warming led to diminishing water resources worldwide. The key focus is on sensors, AI, ML, mapping, management, etc. for improving the performance, efficiency, and life of the processes. Further, it focuses on nanotechnology, treatment technologies in rural areas, and their challenges. The proposed book highlights various aspects of recent advances occurring in sensors which are novel and assist readers in gaining a new perspective in implementing designs for water treatment and conservation. Cost-effective and eco-friendly biochar for removal of hazardous materials from industrial effluents will also be explored. The proposed book contains various technologies that may play a pivotal role in the future direction of water treatment.
Recent Technologies for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction: Sustainable Community Resilience & Responses (Earth and Environmental Sciences Library)
by Praveen Kumar Rai Varun Narayan Mishra Prafull SinghThis book explains to governments, decision makers and disaster professionals the potential uses of recent technologies for disaster monitoring and risk reduction based on the knowledge and experience of prominent experts/researchers in the relevant fields. It discusses the application of recent technological developments for emerging disaster risks in today's societies and deliberates on the various aspects of disaster risk reduction strategies, especially through sustainable community resilience and responses. This book consists of selected invited papers on disaster management, which focus on community resilience and responses towards disaster risk reduction based on experiences, and closely examines the coordinated research activities involving all stakeholders, especially the communities at risk. Many regions of the world and aspects of disaster risk and its management are covered. It is described how recent technologies will support better understanding and action to reduce the number and impact of disasters in future. The principal audience for this book is researchers, urban planners, policy makers, as well as students.
Recent Technologies in Sustainable Materials Engineering: Proceedings of the 3rd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition, Egypt 2019 on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures – The Official International Congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE) (Sustainable Civil Infrastructures)
by Mohamed Shehata George Anastasopoulos Mattei NormaThis book publishes a number of papers that were presented at GeoMEast, Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, an international congress held in Cairo, Egypt, in November 2019. A number of papers were presented about materials for infrastructure sustainability, and those are the papers published in this book. A unique group of chapters have been well-organized and handled by a group of international experts in order to be included in this book to discuss a timely topic with regard to the sustainable infrastructures.
Recent Thoughts in Geoenvironmental Engineering: Proceedings of the 3rd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition, Egypt 2019 on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures – The Official International Congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE) (Sustainable Civil Infrastructures)
by Hany Shehata Hesham Ameen Michele Jamiolkowski Mario ManasseroThe articles presented in this book deal with the attempts made by the scientists and practitioners to address contemporary issues in geoenvironmental engineering such as characterization of dredged sediments, geomaterials & waste, valorization of waste, sustainability in waste management, and some other geoenvironmental issues that are becoming quite relevant in today's world. With high urbanization rates, advancement in technologies, and changes in consumption behavior of people, wastes generated through the daily activities of individuals and organizations pose many challenges in their management.
Recent Trends in Biotechnology and Therapeutic Applications of Medicinal Plants
by Abida Malik Mohd. Shahid Anwar Shahzad Aastha SahaiThe book provides an overview of current trends in biotechnology and medicinal plant sciences. The work includes detailed chapters on various advance biotechnological tools involved in production of phytoactive compounds of medicinal significance. Some recent and novel research studies on therapeutic applications of different medicinal plants from various geographical regions of the world have also been included. These studies report the antimicrobial activity of various natural plant products against various pathogenic microbial strains. Informative chapters on recent emerging applications of plant products such as source for nutraceuticals and vaccines have been integrated to cover latest advances in the field. This book also explores the conservation aspect of medicinal plants. Thus, chapters having comprehensively complied in vitro conservation protocols for various commercially important rare, threatened and endangered medicinal plants were provided in the present book.
Recent Trends in Civil Engineering: Select Proceedings of ICRACE 2021 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #274)
by Rathish Kumar Pancharathi Arjun Sil Denise-Penelope N. KontoniThis book presents the select proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advancements in Civil Engineering (ICRACE) 2021. Various topics covered include theory and advanced technology of engineering structure, high-rise structure and large-span, structure, bridge and tunnel engineering, advanced concrete technology, durable structures, building energy conservation and green architecture, disaster management, smart structures and materials, soil and rock mechanics, geotechnology, hydraulic and hydro-power engineering, road & bridge engineering, and sustainable transportation infrastructures. This book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the area of civil engineering and allied fields.
Recent Trends in Civil Engineering: Select Proceedings of ICRTICE 2019 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #77)
by K. K. Pathak J. M. S. J. Bandara Ramakant AgrawalThis book presents the selected peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Trends and Innovations in Civil Engineering (ICRTICE 2019). The volume focuses on latest research and advances in the field of civil engineering and materials science such as design and development of new environmental materials, performance testing and verification of smart materials, performance analysis and simulation of steel structures, design and performance optimization of concrete structures, and building materials analysis. The book also covers studies in geotechnical engineering, hydraulic engineering, road and bridge engineering, building services design, engineering management, water resource engineering and renewable energy. The contents of this book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in civil engineering.
Recent Trends in Civil Engineering: Select Proceedings of TMSF 2019 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #105)
by Bibhuti Bhusan Das Sreejith V. Nanukuttan Anil K. Patnaik Neena Shekhar PanandikarThis book comprises select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference Trending Moments and Steer Forces – Civil Engineering Today (TMSF 2019). It presents latest research in different domains of civil engineering like structural and concrete engineering, geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering, environmental engineering, and construction technology and management. The contents also include miscellaneous applications of civil engineering in a wide range of technical and societal problems making use of engineering principles and relational data structures involving measurement sciences. Given the range of topics covered, this book can be useful for students, researchers as well as practitioners working in the field of civil engineering.
Recent Trends in Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
by Maulin P. ShahThis book examines various unique applications and their effectiveness of constructed wetlands for the treatment of complex and heavily polluted wastewater from industrial sources. It also highlights the technological and advanced knowledge in application of constructed wetlands through different microbiological and advanced biochemical technologies. Special attention is paid to suspended solids, organic matter, and nutrient removal. Deep insights are provided for facilities such as those in oil and gas industries, agro-industry, paper and pharmaceutical manufacturing, the textile industry, wineries, breweries, and sludge treatment, among others.Constructed wetlands are low-cost and sustainable systems for wastewater treatment. Traditionally, they have been used for urban and domestic wastewater treatment, but in the last two decades, applications for industrial wastewater treatment have increased due to the advances of the technology and extended research in the field. The advances have also been encouraged by the economic, environmental, and societal advantages over conventional technologies.This book helps academicians and industrialists obtain detailed knowledge about constructed wetlands in the field of wastewater treatment.
Recent Trends in Environmental Hydraulics: 38th International School of Hydraulics (GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences)
by Paweł M. Rowiński Monika B. Kalinowska Magdalena M. MrokowskaThis book presents an overview of current research problems and advances in theoretical and applied aspects of environmental hydraulics. The rapid development of this branch of water studies in recent years has contributed to our fundamental understanding of processes in natural aquatic systems and helped provide solutions for civil engineering and water resources management. The book features comprehensively reviewed versions of invited lectures and regular presentations given at the 38th International School of Hydraulics, held May 21–24, 2019, in Łąck, Poland. With papers by leading international experts as well as young researchers from around the globe, it covers recent findings from laboratory and field studies, numerical modeling related to sediment and pollutant transport processes in rivers, fluvial morphodynamics, flow in vegetated channels and hydraulic structures in rivers and estuaries.
Recent Trends in Industrial Wastewater Treatment (Wastewater Treatment and Research)
by Maulin P. Shah Tripti MalikAs the global pursuit for environmental sustainability and circular water economy grows ever ambitious, this book explores recent trends, methods, and advancements in industrial wastewater treatment.With insights from professors and industry experts in the field, this book provides new perspectives on the following themes: Cutting-edge treatment technologies like membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes, anaerobic digestion, process optimisation, and water reuse Adopting a multidisciplinary approach for handling and treatment of industrial wastewater Methods and techniques for the removal and remediation of microplastics from wastewater Recent approaches for treatment of biomedical wastewater from hospitals and diagnostic centres The role of Artificial Intelligence in quality assessment, monitoring, and treatment of industrial wastewater This is a valuable resource for environmentalists, scientists, and technologists around the world. It will also be of interest to academics and students within the disciplines of Water Systems Engineering, Environmental Science and Remediation, and Sustainable Development.
Recent Trends in Marine Toxicological Assessment
by Ong Meng Chuan Naima Hamid Adiana GhazaliMarine pollution is an escalating global concern, with growing awareness of its severe impact on the world’s oceans. Rapid industrialization and intensified human activities have significantly elevated pollution levels, posing a serious threat to marine ecosystems and biodiversity. This book addresses these critical environmental issues by focusing on advanced methodologies for detecting and assessing marine pollutants. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of marine toxicology, emphasizing the importance of innovative approaches to protect ocean health and ensure sustainable marine environments. Combining expert contributions worldwide, this book explores the latest developments in marine toxicological assessment. It begins with discussing the sampling methodologies used for analysing legacy and emerging pollutants in aquatic environments, highlighting the distribution and concentration of these pollutants and their impacts on marine life. The book also introduces the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework for microscale toxicity testing, which evaluates the effects of pollutants at various biological levels. In addition, it examines in silico techniques and the Toxicology in the 21st Century (Tox21) concept, which employs a comprehensive approach beyond traditional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods. These advanced techniques are essential for predicting ecotoxicological impacts and ensuring chemical safety in marine ecosystems. "Recent Trends in Marine Toxicological Assessment" is designed for a diverse audience, including students, research scholars, and policymakers in environmental science, marine chemistry, marine biology, and biotechnology. It is an invaluable resource for those seeking to enhance their understanding of marine pollution, toxicological assessment, and the latest methods for monitoring and mitigating the impact of pollutants. This book will assist policymakers and environmental managers develop effective strategies to combat marine pollution and protect ocean health. By integrating advanced scientific techniques with practical applications, this book aims to support ongoing efforts to preserve marine ecosystems and promote sustainable practices.
Recent Trends in Modelling of Environmental Contaminants
by Debashish SenguptaThe book deals primarily with the aspects like energy resources and its proper utilization, disposal of various forms of wastes and its effects and effects of major catastrophic events like nuclear disasters, global warming, etc. It also deals with the choice of suitable disposal sites for solid and hazardous waste, which is growing at an extremely rapid pace due to rapid industrialization, population growth (primarily in countries like India and China) and urbanization. In addition groundwater contamination due to various causes and its effect on the food chain is also amply discussed. The book is specifically aimed with the state-of-art information regarding research and development in these areas of study, coupled to extensive modelling and case based results obtained, both from India as well as other countries. The book is extremely instructive for the students, research workers, scientists, faculty members in Applied Physics, Solid Earth Geophysics, Radiometric Methods and Exploration, Ground Water Geochemistry, Mathematical Modeling Techniques in Earth Sciences, Near Surface Geophysics and Earth and Environmental Sciences.
Recent Trends in Physics of Material Science and Technology
by Ford Lumban Gaol Keshav Shrivastava Jamil AkhtarThis book discusses in detail the recent trends in Computational Physics, Nano-physics and Devices Technology. Numerous modern devices with very high accuracy, are explored In conditions such as longevity and extended possibilities to work in wide temperature and pressure ranges, aggressive media, etc. This edited volume presents 32 selected papers of the 2013 International Conference on Science & Engineering in Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics. The book is divided into three scientific Sections: (i) Computational Physics, (ii) Nanophysics and Technology, (iii) Devices and Systems and is addressed to Professors, post-graduate students, scientists and engineers taking part in R&D of nano-materials, ferro-piezoelectrics, computational Physics and devices system, and also different devices based on broad applications in different areas of modern science and technology.
Recent Trends in River Corridor Management: Select Proceedings of RCRM 2021 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #229)
by Subashisa Dutta Vinay ChemboluThis book presents the select proceedings of the 1st International Conference on River Corridor Research and Management (RCRM 2021). It describes various topics on fluvio-hydro-ecological processes of river systems. The topics covered include river dynamics and morphological changes, river health and ecological aspects and satellite remote sensing for river corridor studies. The book also discusses the morphological behavior of gravel and sand-bed rivers, hydrological and hydraulics modeling and other important aspects of riverine ecology. The book will be a valuable reference for research scholars, academicians, river scientists and practitioners working in the areas of river science.
Recent Trends in Vietnam’s Rapid Economic Development: 1990–2023 (Frontiers in South and Southeast Asian Development Research)
by Almas Heshmati Pham Khanh NamThis book offers an up-to-date and comprehensive picture of the Vietnamese economy which is the fast-growing economy in Southeast Asia. The country has invested heavily in education, health, and development infrastructure across the country. Progress in recent decades has been strong and Vietnam has attracted significant relocation and outsourcing of production from OECD countries. In recent years much of the withdrawn foreign direct investment from China is channeled to Vietnam. The state’s development policy has created optimal conditions for further expansion of production, supply chain, education and finances. Investment in education, health, infrastructure, administration, and regulations is facilitating investment inflows, technology transfer and spillover to the growing national companies. The educated young population and disciplined labor force have provided a strong basis for the growth in the economy. The high level of productivity, improved quality of products, low and competitive cost of production, and more than 100 million people provide a strong base for a continued economic growth. This edited volume is written by the professional, young, educated, and active entrepreneurial generation with good insights into the features of the economy and its development potential. They provide an up-to-date view and empirical research-based picture of the recent trends in Vietnam's economic development. The target audience are educators, undergraduate and graduate students, domestic and foreign investors, government agencies, provincial and industrial sector decision-makers, trade partners, libraries, individual researchers, and professional and practitioners. This book helps to fill the gap in knowledge and inform development planners and investors about different sectors of the Vietnamese economy and its development potential.
Recent Trends in Wastewater Treatment
by Pradeep Kumar Mishra Pardeep Singh Sirajuddin Ahmed Sughosh Madhav Vandana MishraThis volume discusses contemporary techniques, technologies, and solutions for industrial wastewater remediation and treatment. It covers biological, chemical, and physical aspects of wastewater treatment, with a background on the generation of wastewater associated with different industries, as well as a comparison of traditional treatment technologies with new advancements. The authors also describe the reuse and recovery of nutrients and precious metals from wastewater, and how such sustainable strategies can be incorporated into industrial wastewater planning and legislation. The book also contains practical and theoretical aspects of various industries and their wastewater management practices in a changing climate, with an emphasis on recent research examining the environmental impact of wastewater. The work will be of interest to students, teachers, and researchers studying wastewater pollution and remediation, wastewater management-based NGOs, and people involved in the planning and legislation of industrial operations.
Recent Trends in Wave Mechanics and Vibrations: Select Proceedings of WMVC 2018 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
by S. Chakraverty Paritosh BiswasThis book consists of select proceedings of the National Conference on Wave Mechanics and Vibrations (WMVC 2018). It covers recent developments and cutting-edge methods in wave mechanics and vibrations applied to a wide range of engineering problems. The book presents analytical and computational studies in structural mechanics, seismology and earthquake engineering, mechanical engineering, aeronautics, robotics and nuclear engineering among others. This book can be useful for students, researchers, and professionals interested in the wide-ranging applications of wave mechanics and vibrations.
Reciclar la ecología: Pensar el mundo tras el fin de la naturaleza
by Timothy MortonPor fin un libro sobre ecología que no es un vertedero de información, ni un billete hacia el sentimiento de culpa, ni un sermón a la masa aborregada. ¿No te importa la ecología? Eso es lo que crees. ¿No lees libros de ecología? Este libro es para ti. Este ensayo tiene la intención de darle la vuelta a la ecología y enseñarnos a pensar en ella cuando la naturaleza ha desaparecido. De nada sirve ya la manera actual de entenderla, repleta de pseudodatos que confunden e instalada en el «¿qué será de nosotros?». En el corazón de este ambicioso ensayo hay una crítica radical a la distancia científica con que reflexionamos sobre nuestro entorno: el mundo solo puede ser captado si lo experimentamos. Lo que nos abruma no es el fin de la naturaleza sino los prejuicios sobre el lugar que deberían ocupar los humanos en el mundo. Morton lanza un torpedo a la línea de flotación de la arrogancia antropocentrista mediante analogías memorables entre Kant y Star Wars, Blade Runner, letras de los Talking Heads o el budismo tibetano. No se trata de construir una sociedad más amable con el medioambiente, se trata de cambiar el paradigma de nuestra relación con el mundo. La crítica ha dicho...«Leo desde hace años los libros de Tim y debo decir que me encantan.»Björk «Un ecologista que se preocupa de asuntos estructurales en vez de regañarte por no separar el plástico de la basura orgánica.»Ernesto Castro «Leer a Morton es quedar atrapado en un brillante despliegue de pirotecnia intelectual.»The Guardian «Morton hace un esfuerzo notable para extender el género filosófico hasta territorios apetecibles para una amplia variedad de lectores. En vez de intentar; de manera angustiante; someter a validación todas las estrategias infructuosas del activismo o de las políticas medioambientales (que él considera un esfuerzo fútil en un mundo tan cambiante como el nuestro); Morton nos abre la puerta; casi nos da permiso; para abrazar lo incierto.»Massive «Una guía imprescindible y muy alternativa para vivir ecológicamente; por uno de nuestros filósofos más eminentes. Muy útil para todo aquel que quiera entender mejor cuál es nuestra relación con la biosfera. Lo que propone Morton es saber vivir una vida con sentido en una era incierta; la nuestra.»Jeff VanderMeer «Si aún piensas que la naturaleza mola y es guay; piensa otra vez. La ontología plana de Timothy Morton [...] desmonta muchos clichés adquiridos y abre nuevas posibilidades para concebir un futuro mejor juntos. Reciclar la ecología lo logra; además; promoviendo la discusión en un tono estimulante y muy libresco.»Nick Montfort; catedrático de Digital Media del MIT y autor de The Future
Recipe for America
by Jill Richardson"Jill Richardson is a fresh voice in the movement to create a healthier and sustainable food system. This book will be part of the burgeoning food social movement, as it provides a guide to the most important issues and how to work on them."--Marion Nestle"Jill's work at Daily Kos represents the best of the people-powered movement. It's a pleasure to see her work reach a new plateau and come to the attention of a wider audience."--Markos MoulitsasAmerica's food system is dominated by agribusiness and corporate farms, whose destructive practices pollute the environment, are cruel to animals, and offer us unhealthy food choices. Despite this dire situation, most people have little idea how to eat differently, or healthier.In Recipe for America, food activist Jill Richardson shows how sustainable agriculture--where local farms raise food that is healthy for consumers and animals and does not damage the environment--offers the only solution to America's food crisis. In addition to highlighting the harmful conditions at factory farms, this timely and necessary book details the rising grassroots food movement, which is creating an agricultural system that allows people to eat sustainably, locally, and seasonally.A call to action for those who are concerned about what they eat and the health of the planet, Recipe for America shows how sustainable eating nourishes our bodies, our economy, and our environment, and how it is the best hope for the future of food in America.Jill Richardson blogs about food issues at Daily Kos and at her own blog, La Vida Locavore (http://www.lavidalocavore.org). She is also a member of the advisory board of the Organic Consumers Association.
Reciprocity and China’s Transboundary Waters: The Law of International Watercourses (Earthscan Studies in Water Resource Management)
by David J. DevlaeminckUtilizing the principle of reciprocity, Reciprocity and China’s Transboundary Waters: The Law of International Watercourses analyses the past, present and future of the law of international watercourses with a particular focus on China. As a legal principle, reciprocity plays a strong role in the formation, interpretation and maintenance of international law. Implementing this framework, the book examines the development of the law of international watercourses, highlighting how this basic legal principle is a foundational notion. It applies the framework to China and offers insights into one of the most important transboundary states in Asia. As a primarily upstream state, China is of great significance to its transboundary neighbours; however, there remain significant hurdles, misunderstandings and mistrust between China and its neighbours. China is faced with a complex challenge - how to meet its own development needs while also taking into consideration its primarily downstream neighbours? By focusing on this prominent state this work not only fosters a greater understanding of the law of international watercourses within China, but also clarifies and challenges current perceptions of China’s transboundary water treaty practice. More generally, the book provides a past, present and future view on international watercourse law, starting with an analysis of the UN Watercourses Convention and UNECE Water Convention leading to a discussion of reciprocity’s continued influence as well as charting a path forward. This book will be of great interest to legal students and scholars with an interest in international watercourses, environmental politics and international law, as well as students and scholars interested in Chinese politics and natural resource management and conflict.
Reciprocity, Spatial Mapping and Time Reversal in Electromagnetics
by C. Altman K. SuchyThis long awaited second edition traces the original developments from the 1970s and brings them up to date with new and previously unpublished material to give this work a new lease of life for the early twenty-first century and readers new to the topic. In the winter of 1970-71, Colman Altman had been finding almost exact symmetries in the computed reflection and transmission matrices for plane-stratified magnetoplasmas when symmetrically related directions of incidence were compared. At the suggestion of Kurt Suchy the complex conjugate wave fields, used to construct the eigenmode amplitudes via the mean Poynting flux densities, were replaced by the adjoint wave fields that would propagate in a medium with transposed constitutive tensors, to yield a scattering theorem - reciprocity in k-space -- in the computer output. To prove the result analytically, one had to investigate the properties of the adjoint Maxwell system, and the two independent proofs that followed, in 1975 and 1979, proceeded according to the personal preference of each of the authors. The proof given in this volume, based on the hindsight provided by later results, is much more simple and concise. Later, when media with bianisotropic constitutive tensors were investigated, it was found that conjugate (reciprocal) media and wave fields could be formed by any orthogonal spatial mapping of those in the original problem, after media and fields were reversed in time. The result was still quite general and not limited to stratified systems. The second line of development was to find the link between reciprocity in k-space and Lorentz reciprocity involving currents and sources in physical space. This was done for plane-stratified media by applying the scattering theorem to the plane-wave spectrum of eigenmodes radiated by one current source and reaching the second source. The reverse linkage between Lorentz reciprocity and reciprocity in k-space had already been found. However, this was the first time that the results were presented in a systematic and mathematically well-defined procedure to serve as a tool for solving problems of reciprocity and scattering symmetries. The use of time reversal gives rise to problems of causality when sources are present, but when the interaction between two systems is involved the non-causal effects are irrelevant. The insight gained during these investigations enabled the authors to present many of the earlier theorems and results, both their own and those of others, in a compact and unified approach, which has been the main strength of this book. This new edition has been revised, corrected and updated where necessary to give a complete picture of this interesting topic for the present generation of scientists.