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Silver Bridge Disaster of 1967, The
by Bridget J. Gromek Ruth Fout Martha Fout Stephan G. BullardPoint Pleasant's Silver Bridge, the first eyebar suspension bridge in the United States, was an engineering marvel when it was constructed in 1927 and 1928. Located on US Highway 35, the bridge spanned the Ohio River and linked Point Pleasant, West Virginia, with the towns of Kanauga and Gallipolis, Ohio. For almost 40 years, the structure provided dependable service for travelers in the region. On December 15, 1967, this service came to a dramatic and disastrous end. At 4:58 p.m., during the height of rush hour, the bridge suddenly collapsed. Rescue and recovery operations started immediately but were hampered by poor weather conditions and freezing rain. The cause of the collapse was linked to the bridge's innovative design. Undetected corrosion stress cracks caused an eyebar on the Ohio side to fracture; because the eyebars were linked together in a chain, the failure of one led to the catastrophic collapse of the entire bridge. In total, 46 lives were lost in the disaster.
Silver Nanoparticle Applications
by Emilio I. Alarcon May Griffith Klas I. UdekwuExploring the synthesis, characterization, surface manipulation, electron transfer and biological activity of silver nanoparticles, this book examines the fundamentals of the properties and synthesis of these particles. With a renewed interest in silver nanoparticles, this book addresses the need to understand their potential in industrial, medical and other applications. It is divided into six chapters, each written by an expert and providing a comprehensive review of the topic while detailing recent advances made in each specific area. These topics include surface plasmon band, synthesis and characterization, Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and plasmon resonance mediated processes, photocatalysis, biomedical applications and biological activity. It also presents the current state of the art, challenges and future trends of catalysis, sensing and biomedical applications. 'Silver Nanoparticle Applications' provides an invaluable reference work and introduction for chemists, biologists, physicists and biomedical researchers who are interested in exploring the uses and applications of silver nanoparticles. It is also intended for students, researchers and professionals interested in nanotechnology.
Silver Nanoparticles in the Environment
by Jingfu Liu Guibin JiangThis comprehensive book covers the environmental issues concerning silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Following an introduction to the history, properties and applications, the environmental concerns of AgNPs is discussed. In the second chapter, the separation, characterization and quantification of AgNPs in environment samples are described in detail. In the remaining parts of the book, the authors focus on the environmental processes and effects of AgNPs, with chapters on the pathway into environment, fate and transport, toxicological effects and mechanisms, as well as the environmental bioeffects and safety-assessment of AgNPs in the environment. This book is designed to describe current understanding of the environmental aspects of AgNPs. It provides a valuable resource to students and researchers in environmental science and technology, nanotechnology, toxicology, materials science and ecology; as well as to professionals involved in the production and consumption of AgNPs in various areas including catalysis, food products, textiles/fabrics, and medical products and devices. Jingfu Liu and Guibin Jiang are professors at State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Silverton and the Alpine Loop
by Jeff CorrAs the ancestral hunting grounds of mountain people known as the Utes, the future site of Silverton was explored by nomadic hunters for generations. During the 1860s, Charles Baker, an early mining prospector, discovered some mineral wealth in the area and spread highly exaggerated rumors that brought in even more prospectors. Significant wealth was found in Arrastra Gulch along the Alpine Loop, north of Baker's Park. From the beginning of its mining heritage, Silverton has gone through periods of boom to bust. In the 1950s, the area was discovered by Hollywood, increasing its appeal to tourism, and in the 1960s, the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad reinvested heavily to dedicate itself to tourist travel. Although mining continued on a limited basis up until the 1990s, Silverton's economy is now supported by those who come for its history, picturesque landscapes, fly fishing, jeeping, and hiking.
Silvohorticulture: A grower's guide to integrating trees into crops
by Andy Dibben Ben Raskin"Dibben and Raskin offer an insightful, inspiring but also exceptionally practical guide to integrating trees into annual cropping systems. . . in this book we see how the phrase 'the sky’s the limit' has never been more applicable."—Jesse Frost, author of The Living Soil Handbook An invaluable handbook for farmers, growers, and gardeners, Silvohorticulture is the first book to offer a detailed, practical guide on how to effectively integrate trees with vegetable growing, offering information previously known only in the foresting world. Drawing on the decades-long experiences of Ben Raskin and Andy Dibben, both of whom have designed and managed agroforestry systems and have extensive experience in commercial horticultural crop production, this is the definitive book on the interaction between trees and crops, covering the benefits of trees for edible crops and the potential for additional crops from trees, plus crucial new information on how to fit trees into complex crop rotations as well as manipulating access to light. Ben and Andy also reveal the latest research on how tree roots behave and, importantly, how that impacts your crops. Agroforestry can bring immense benefits to farmers and growers—not just optimizing yield, but also improving soil, managing pests and water, increasing biodiversity, and reducing costs. System design must be customised to each grower’s requirements, and Silvohorticulture offers step-by-step detail that will allow you to manage your trees and crops successfully. "In this immensely practical guide, the authors provide the technical details towards integrating trees with vegetables and other crops, all while dispelling any preconceived notions that this idea reduces productivity or function. In fact, these systems might prove essential for farm resilience in a changing climate."—Steve Gabriel, author of Silvopasture
Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature
by Donna J. HarawayA collection of ten essays written mostly during the eighties. With a feminist perspective and the premise that nature is constructed, rather than discovered-- and that truth is made, not found-- Haraway provides an analysis of the popular and scientific struggles involved in the telling of evolutionary tales. The author is a historian of science at the U. of California, Santa Cruz.
Simmer Grundbau 2: Baugruben und Gründungen
by Jürgen Schmitt Ulrich Burbaum Antje BormannVor über 100 Jahren, im Jahr 1907, erschien die erste Auflage des Werkes „Grundbau“. Ab der 15. Auflage im Jahr 1974 wurde das Werk in zwei Bände aufgeteilt. Seit der vorangegangenen 18. Auflage des Teiles 2, der im Jahr 1999 aufgelegt wurde, haben sich die Regelwerke stark verändert und die Verfahren zur Ausführung von Grundbauwerken weiterentwickelt. Daher wurde eine umfangreiche Neubearbeitung erforderlich. Teil 2 beinhaltet die Bereiche Baugruben, Gründungen, Verankerungen und Stützbauwerke, Schutz und Abdichtung von Grundbauwerken gegen Grundwasser sowie die Sicherung von gefährdeten Bauten. Er wendet sich in erster Linie an Studierende der Fachrichtung Bauingenieurwesen und in der Praxis tätige Ingenieure. Der Leser wird mit den Ausführungsmöglichkeiten von Baugrubensicherungen, von Gründungen sowie von Stützbauwerken vertraut gemacht und in die Methoden zur Bemessung dieser Bauwerke eingeführt. Bei den neu bearbeiteten und an der Praxis orientierten Berechnungsbeispielen werden die Berechnungsmethoden nach den derzeit geltenden und eingeführten Vorschriften und Empfehlungen veranschaulicht, so dass eine anschließende Bemessung der Bauwerksteile nach den aktuellen Normen des konstruktiven Ingenieurbaus möglich ist.
Simon and Schuster's Guide to Rocks and Minerals
by Simon Martin Prinz George Harlow Joseph Peters Annibale Mottana Rodolfo Crespi Giuseppe Liborio Schuster StaffAn easy to use field guide that contains everything rock and mineral enthusiasts need to know with more than 1,000 spectacular illustrations--600 in full color! Practical, concise, and easy to use, Simon & Schuster's Guide to Rocks and Minerals contains everything that the rock and mineral enthusiast needs to know. This field guide is divided into two large sections--one devoted to minerals and one to rocks, each prefaced by a comprehensive introduction that discusses formation, chemistry, and more. All 377 entries, beautifully illustrated with color photographs and helpful visual symbols, provide descriptions and practical information about appearance, classification, rarity, crystal formation, mode of occurrence, gravity of mineral, rock chemistry, modal classification fields, formational environments, grain sizes of rocks, and much more. Whether you are a serious collector or an information-seeking amateur, this incomparably beautiful, authoritative guide will prove an invaluable reference.
Simple Acts to Save Our Planet: 500 Ways to Make a Difference (Simple Acts Gift Series)
by Michelle NeffSimple Acts to Save Our Planet shows you how to be more active in saving our planet every day by performing some &“Simple Acts of Kindness&”—for the Earth.Treat the environment with kindness with these easy, manageable activities that range from simple home updates, to gardening basics, to supporting the local community. You&’ll learn simple techniques to help protect the planet every day, like starting a compost pile to reduce food waste, utilizing travel mugs and reusable containers, and choosing eco-friendly products. By working to implement these simple strategies into your everyday life, you can take an active stand to protect the environment now— and make a real difference for the future.
Simple Fly Fishing
by James Prosek Yvon Chouinard Craig Mathews Mauro Mazzo Russell ChathamModern-day fly fishing, like much in life, has become exceedingly complex, with high-tech gear, a confusing array of flies and terminal tackle, accompanied by high-priced fishing guides. This book reveals that the best way to catch trout is simply, with a rod and a fly and not much else. The wisdom in this book comes from a simpler time, when the premise was: the more you know, the less you need. It teaches the reader how to discover where the fish are, at what depth, and what they are feeding on. Then it describes the techniques needed to present a fly at that depth, make it look lifelike, and hook the fish. With chapters on wet flies, nymphs, and dry flies, its authors employ both the tenkara rod as well as regular fly fishing gear to cover all the bases. Illustrated by renowned fish artist James Prosek, with inspiring photographs and stories throughout, Simple Fly Fishing reveals the secrets and the soul of this captivating sport.
Simple Inventions: Clean Water with Less
by Liz HuyckAround the world, many people gather water from sources that are dirty and contain bacteria. Here are some easy solutions to help filter water!
Simple Methods to Study Pedology and Edaphology of Indian Tropical Soils
by D. K. PalThis book discusses how research efforts have established an organic link between pedology and edaphology of five pedogenetically important soil orders as Alfisols, Mollisols, Ultisols, Vertisols and Inceptisols of tropical Indian environments. The book highlights how this new knowledge was gained when research efforts were complemented by high resolution mineralogical, micro morphological and age-control tools. This advancement in basic and fundamental knowledge on Indian tropical soils makes it possible to develop several index soil properties as simple methods to study their pedology and edaphology. More than one-third of the world’s soils are tropical soils. Thus the recent advances in developing simple and ingenuous methods to study pedology and edaphology of Indian tropical soils may also be adopted by both graduate students and young soil researchers to aid in the development of a national soil information system to enhance crop productivity and maintain soil health in the 21st century.
Simple Statistical Tests for Geography
by Danny McCarrollThis book is aimed directly at students of geography, particularly those who lack confidence in manipulating numbers. The aim is not to teach the mathematics behind statistical tests, but to focus on the logic, so that students can choose the most appropriate tests, apply them in the most convenient way and make sense of the results. Introductory chapters explain how to use statistical methods and then the tests are arranged according to the type of data that they require. Diagrams are used to guide students toward the most appropriate tests. The focus is on nonparametric methods that make very few assumptions and are appropriate for the kinds of data that many students will collect. Parametric methods, including Student’s t-tests, correlation and regression are also covered. Although aimed directly at geography students at senior undergraduate and graduate level, this book provides an accessible introduction to a wide range of statistical methods and will be of value to students and researchers in allied disciplines including Earth and environmental science, and the social sciences.
Simple Things Won't Save the Earth
by J. Robert HunterWe drive cars with "Save the Whales" bumper stickers, buy aerosol sprays that advertise "no chlorofluorocarbons," and wear T-shirts made from organically grown cotton. All of these "earth friendly" choices and products convince us that we are "thinking globally, acting locally" and saving the planet. But are we really? In this provocative book, J. Robert Hunter asserts that using catchy slogans and symbols to sell the public on environmental conservation is ineffective, misleading, and even dangerous. Debunking the Fifty Simple Things You Can Do to Save the Earth approach, Hunter shows that there are no simple solutions to major environmental problems such as species extinction, ozone depletion, global warming, pollution, and non-renewable resource consumption. The use of slogans and symbols, Hunter argues, simply gives the public a false sense that "someone" is solving the environmental crisis—while it remains as serious now as when the environmental movement began. Writing in plain yet passionate prose for general readers, he here opens a national debate on what is really required to preserve the earth as a habitat for the human species.
Simple Things Won't Save the Earth
by J. Robert HunterWe drive cars with "Save the Whales" bumper stickers, buy aerosol sprays that advertise "no chlorofluorocarbons," and wear T-shirts made from organically grown cotton. All of these "earth friendly" choices and products convince us that we are "thinking globally, acting locally" and saving the planet. But are we really?<P><P>In this provocative book, J. Robert Hunter asserts that using catchy slogans and symbols to sell the public on environmental conservation is ineffective, misleading, and even dangerous. Debunking the Fifty Simple Things You Can Do to Save the Earth approach, Hunter shows that there are no simple solutions to major environmental problems such as species extinction, ozone depletion, global warming, pollution, and non-renewable resource consumption.
Simple: Una idea para transformar el futuro de América Latina
by Gerónimo FrigerioGerónimo Frigerio presenta una propuesta para que emprender, desarrollar negocios y trabajar fuera de la informalidad sea cada vez más fácil y económico en América Latina. Un conjunto de medidas orientado a que la región gane competitividad, genere empleo y deje atrás de una vez por todas su histórica pobreza. Hoy más que nunca la prioridad de América Latina debe ser enfrentar el desafío de abrazar la senda del progreso dejando atrás su enorme pobreza. Reducirla depende necesariamente de crear empleo, para lo cual es preciso que emprender y trabajar en la región sea fácil y económico. Se trata de formular (pocas) reglas claras orientadas a favorecer la multiplicación de negocios, disminuir la informalidad y ganar competitividad. El planteo de este libro no es utópico, es práctico; su propósito no es explicar por qué en los últimos doscientos años nos fue mal, sino contribuir a que nos vaya bien en los próximos doscientos. ¿Cómo? Cambiando las reglas para que cualquier actividad productiva en nuestros países sea más sencilla y menos costosa que en otros lugares del mundo. Gerónimo Frigerio presenta aquí un conjunto acotado y preciso de medidas para facilitar la vida de todos, poniendo foco en el desarrollo del sector privado en la región. Porque generar las soluciones de América Latina depende de los latinoamericanos, he aquí una propuesta concreta, transparente, clara; en definitiva, simple.
Simpler Living, Compassionate Life: A Christian Perspective
by Bill Mckibben Michael SchutEssays on the spiritual power of an uncluttered life from Henri Nouwen, Richard J. Foster, Juliet Schor, and others, with an introduction by Bill McKibben. Every day we are bombarded with messages that imply we need more: more money, more clothes, more food, more cars, more everything. But despite technological advances, proliferation of resources, and a general increase in what the average person has, our happiness has not grown at the same rate as our stash of stuff. Perhaps the key to a good life isn’t found in quantity but in quality—and in a simple, honest approach to existence. In Simpler Compassionate Living, Michael Schut brings together brilliant essays on the topic of modest lifestyles from twenty-three luminaries, including Terry Tempest Williams, Cecile Andrews, Wendell Berry, and Evy McDonald . Delving into topics such as time as a commodity, money in modern society, international economics, social and environmental responsibility, and the ever-widening global community, these compositions present a framework for examining and reforming how we view our place in a world obsessed with commerce and consumerism. With a study guide and an appendix of further resources for those who want to take steps to change their lifestyle, Simpler Compassionate Living is a comprehensive look at how to step outside of the madness of materialism and rediscover the peace and fulfillment within—replacing the fleeting rush of acquisitiveness with a genuinely sustainable joy. Also includes essays by: Shantilal Bhagat, Frederick Buechner, John B. Cobb, Jr., Michael Schut, Alan Durning, James T. Mulligan, William Gibson, Gerald May, Timothy Weiskel, Calvin DeWitt, Duane Elgin, Philip Sherrard, William Stringfellow, Jerome Segal, David Shi
Simplicial Methods for Higher Categories: Segal-type Models of Weak n-Categories (Algebra and Applications #26)
by Simona PaoliThis monograph presents a new model of mathematical structures called weak n-categories. These structures find their motivation in a wide range of fields, from algebraic topology to mathematical physics, algebraic geometry and mathematical logic. While strict n-categories are easily defined in terms associative and unital composition operations they are of limited use in applications, which often call for weakened variants of these laws. The author proposes a new approach to this weakening, whose generality arises not from a weakening of such laws but from the very geometric structure of its cells; a geometry dubbed weak globularity. The new model, called weakly globular n-fold categories, is one of the simplest known algebraic structures yielding a model of weak n-categories. The central result is the equivalence of this model to one of the existing models, due to Tamsamani and further studied by Simpson. This theory has intended applications to homotopy theory, mathematical physics and to long-standing open questions in category theory. As the theory is described in elementary terms and the book is largely self-contained, it is accessible to beginning graduate students and to mathematicians from a wide range of disciplines well beyond higher category theory. The new model makes a transparent connection between higher category theory and homotopy theory, rendering it particularly suitable for category theorists and algebraic topologists. Although the results are complex, readers are guided with an intuitive explanation before each concept is introduced, and with diagrams showing the interconnections between the main ideas and results.
Simplicity of Complexity in Economic and Social Systems: Proceedings of the 54th Winter School of Theoretical Physics, Lądek Zdrój, Poland, February 18–24th 2018 (Springer Proceedings in Complexity)
by Dariusz Grech Janusz MiśkiewiczThis book presents the Proceedings of the 54th Winter School of Theoretical Physics on Simplicity of Complexity in Economic and Social Systems, held in Lądek Zdrój, Poland, from 18 to 24 February 2018. The purpose of the book is to introduce the new interdisciplinary research that links statistical physics, and particular attention is given to link physics of complex systems, with financial analysis and sociology. The main tools used in these areas are numerical simulation of agents behavior and the interpretation of results with the help of complexity methods, therefore a background in statistical physics and in physics of phase transition is necessary to take the first steps towards these research fields called econophysics and sociophysics. In this perspective, the book is intended to graduated students and young researchers who want to begin the study of this established new area, which connects physicists, economists, sociologists and IT professionals, to better understand complexity phenomena existing not only in physics but also in complex systems being seemingly far from traditional view at physics.
Simplified Analytical Methods of Elastic Plates
by Hideo TakabatakeThis book presents simplified analytical methodologies for static and dynamic problems concerning various elastic thin plates in the bending state and the potential effects of dead loads on static and dynamic behaviors. The plates considered vary in terms of the plane (e.g. rectangular or circular plane), stiffness of bending, transverse shear and mass. The representative examples include void slabs, plates stiffened with beams, stepped thickness plates, cellular plates and floating plates, in addition to normal plates. The closed-form approximate solutions are presented in connection with a groundbreaking methodology that can easily accommodate discontinuous variations in stiffness and mass with continuous function as for a distribution. The closed-form solutions can be used to determine the size of structural members in the preliminary design stages, and to predict potential problems with building slabs intended for human beings’ practical use.
Simplified Dynamic Analysis of High-Rise Buildings: Applications to Simplified Seismic Diagnosis and Retrofit Using the Extended Rod Theory
by Izuru Takewaki Hideo Takabatake Yukihiko Kitada Akiko KishidaThis book presents a simple analytical method based on the extended rod theory that allows the earthquake resistance of high-rise buildings to be easily and accurately evaluated at the preliminary design stage. It also includes practical software for applying the extended rod theory to the dynamic analysis of actual buildings and structures. High-rise buildings in large cities, built on soft ground consisting of sedimentary rock, tend to have low natural frequency. If ground motion due to an earthquake occurs at distant hypocenters, the vibration wave can be propagated through several sedimentary layers and act on skyscrapers as a long-period ground motion, potentially producing a resonance phenomenon that can cause severe damage. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to gauge the earthquake resistance of existing skyscrapers and to improve their seismic performance. This book was written by authors who have extensive experience in tall-building seismic design in Japan. The software included enables readers to perform dynamic calculations of skyscrapers’ resistance to vibrations. As such, it offers a valuable resource for practitioners and engineers, as well as students of civil engineering.
Simplify: How to Stay Sane in a World Going Mad
by Bob HillaryShort, simple and refreshingly practical, Living Simply offers 21 Earth Warrior practices to help us live more consciously and to cope with the ever increasing pace of modern life. Bob Hillary shares the lessons he learned living off the grid, exploring his &‘wild edges&’ and practicing a slower, more attuned way of life.How can we live more simply, learn to appreciate what we have and root our way of being in the Earth we have inherited? By living simply and becoming an Earth Warrior.As life keeps urging us to go faster, many of us are moving in the opposite direction... we are looking for SLOWNESS, for stillness, to live more natural, less complex lives. Bob Hillary spent a year living off grid, this experience taught him how to live simply. It meant; downscaling, re-wilding, un-teching and finding and doing things that are free. These philosophies provided a framework for the 21 practices he shares in this book. Each one covers the key idea, contains exercises and provides practical ways that will help you become an Earth Warrior. By living this way you will learn how to live in a more joyful, positive, simple and meaningfully way. Earth Warriors give, share and care.This is a manual for modern times, a guide to creating positive action, walking the right path and making the right choices.
Simply Climate Change (DK Simply)
by DKUnderstand climate change like never before!Explore and understand the intriguing science behind climate change. Gain valuable knowledge on why climate change is occurring — one of the planet&’s most challenging issues — and analyze possible solutions.Simply Climate Change is the perfect guide for a clear and concise understanding of the often complex subject of climate change. Inside you&’ll find: • Simple, easy-to-understand graphics which help convey information in a visual way. • Clear, authoritative text that explains over 100 key concepts. • Concise explanations that quickly convey the most important information. • Technologies and practical ideas to combat climate change. • Debates surrounding climate change as a political, social, economic and environmental issue. Gain a new appreciation for our precious planet, and acquire newfound knowledge on climate change. This easy-to-understand climate change book will allow you to grasp all these topics quickly, from the basics of greenhouse gases to microplastics and insightful debates.The guide combines clear text and bold graphics, divided into pared-back, single or double-page entries that explain concepts simply and visually. Whether you&’re a student and want an easy-to-read, jargon-free reference or are simply interested in climate or environmental science, then this is the ideal global warming book for you!The most accessible guide to climate change on the market will have you knowledgeable on the subject like an expert! This is a perfect reference book for busy readers looking for an easier way into the subject, as a self-purchase or an excellent gift for self-improvers, as well as for thinkers, borrowers and life-long learners.
Simply Green: Easy, Money-Saving Tips for Eco-Friendly Families
by Melissa Seligman David SeligmanWritten by a passionately concerned couple--David Seligman is an active duty U.S. serviceman and Melissa is a devoted stay-at-home mom--this is the first book about going green that won't scare you with statistics, overwhelm you with science, or make you feel guilty about your SUV. Instead, this indispensable guide will help families everywhere to take simple, practical steps, to lower their energy consumption and help create a healthier planet--and a more sustainable lifestyle. Simply Green takes a fresh look at every part of your household and every aspect of your life, from what you teach your children to what you put in your laundry machines. Full of energy-saving and money-saving "Green Tips," Simply Green shows how to: * Use recycled water around your house and garden * Heat and cool your home while you lower your energy bill * Throw away less trash * Make your own, environmentally-friendly cleaning solutions * Lower the power usage of your appliances * Choose indoor houseplants that help purify the air * Make green awareness an active part of your family's life--and have more fun in the natural world * And much more! Filled with dozens of useful resources, surprising facts and a long list of options for "going green," Simply Green is for those of us who may not be able to afford to make huge changes--but can't not afford to do what we can.
Simply Science (DK Simply)
by DKUnderstanding science has never been easier.Combining bold graphics with easy-to-understand text, Simply Science is the perfect introduction for those who are short on time but hungry for knowledge.The book covers not only the core sciences—physics, biology, and chemistry—but also Earth science and astronomy. Assuming no previous scientific knowledge, it covers more than 100 cornerstone ideas, ranging from photosynthesis to chemical reactions, the laws of motion, and the general theory of relativity. Pared-back entries each focus on a single concept and use a combination of clear text and simple graphics to explain it as directly and concisely as possible.Whether you are studying science in school or college, or simply want a jargon-free overview of the subject, this essential guide is packed with everything you need to understand the basics of science quickly and easily.