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Sustainable Development Strategies: A Resource Book
by Stephen Bass Barry Dalal-ClaytonThis book is a cornerstone resource for a wide range of organizations and individuals concerned with sustainable development at national or local levels, as well as for international organizations concerned with supporting such development. Whilst the focus is on integrated strategies for sustainable development, the approaches and methods covered are equally relevant to poverty reduction, environmental and sectoral strategies, programme development and review. Agenda 21 called for all countries to develop sustainable development strategies. For such strategies to be effective there needs to be a real commitment. In every country, government at all levels, the private sector, and civil society, must work together in a true partnership, in transparent ways which enable genuine stakeholder participation. The necessary mechanisms and processes need to be coordinated to enable continuous learning and improvement. This resource book provides flexible, non-prescriptive guidance on how to develop, assess and implement national sustainable development strategies. It sets out principles and ideas on process and methods, and suggests how these can be used. It is based on an analysis of past and current practice, drawing directly from experience in both developed and developing countries. Following a discussion of the nature and challenges of sustainable development and the need for strategic responses to them, the heart of the book covers the main tasks in strategy processes. Individual chapters offer a rich range of guidance, ideas and case studies.
Sustainable Development Teaching: Ethical and Political Challenges (Routledge Studies in Sustainability)
by Katrien Van Poeck Leif Östman Johan ÖhmanThe aim of this book is to support and inspire teachers to contribute to much-needed processes of sustainable development and to develop teaching practices and professional identities that allow them to cope with the specificity of sustainability issues and, in particular, with the teaching challenges related to the ethical and political dimension of environmental and sustainability education. Bringing together recent scholarship on the topic, this book translates state-of-the-art academic research into teaching models, methods and tools. Starting with an outline of the challenge of sustainability, it offers insights and models for understanding the interesting yet ambiguous concept of ‘sustainable development’ and the complex process of transforming society in a more sustainable direction (Part I). It then goes on to provide a guide to preparing courses and lessons as well as tools for reflection about teaching practices and the multiplicity of approaches to addressing ethical and political challenges in sustainable development teaching (Part II). Finally, the book offers useful conceptual frameworks, models and typologies about the concrete design and implementation of sustainable development teaching (Part III). This book will be essential reading for students of education, as well as teachers in compulsory and higher education and sustainability education researchers.
The Sustainable Development Theory: The Discourse of the Founders (Palgrave Studies in Sustainability, Environment and Macroeconomics)
by Delia Elena Diaconaşu Vladimir Mihai Crupenschi Ion PohoațăThis book argues that the theory of sustainable development lost some of its rigor because of two main reasons. The first manifests itself as an inflation of concepts that hampers the correct understanding of sustainability’s essence. The second one consists of a departure from the traditional scientific sources of the classicists and, in part, neoclassicists. Exploiting relevant areas of their works, the authors outline the theoretical framework necessary to promote a healthy version of sustainability. Of utmost interest prove to be areas such as: the formation process of natural prices and natural rate of interest; placing growth before employment and placing production before distribution, consumption, and social justice. The main idea of the book consists of a call for breaking away from the impure forms of the theory of sustainable development and its reconstruction through the reconciliation with the laws of healthy growth as they are highlighted in the works of the founders. The authors make the case for an approach to sustainable development that is holistic, macroeconomic, and institutionalist, where social, ecological, and economic components are reconciled. This work presents a fresh perspective in the context of current works on sustainability, serving as an accessible research resource and public policy decision guide.
The Sustainable Development Theory: When Certainties Become Doubts (Palgrave Studies in Sustainability, Environment and Macroeconomics)
by Ion Pohoaţă Delia Elena Diaconaşu Vladimir Mihai CrupenschiThis book explores the present conflictual relationship between the economy, the environment, and society. The current mainstream economic model is analysed from the perspective of the founding economists to review its suitability to tackle issues of sustainable development. The problems of redistribution and social justice are debated at length; alongside those concerning the giant state, degrowth, and a vision of sustainability that is founded on the idea of a self-regulating free market economy. Business cycle sustainability, anti-crisis therapy, technological unemployment, the natural rate of interest, and the Bruntland matrix are also examined.This book aims to present a holistic approach to sustainable development where social, ecological, and economic components are balanced. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in this topic.
Sustainable Development Through Engineering Innovations: Select Proceedings of SDEI 2020 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #113)
by Harvinder Singh Puneet Pal Singh Cheema Prashant GargThis book comprises select peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Sustainable Development through Engineering Innovations (SDEI) 2020. It presents recent advances, new directions, and opportunities for sustainable and resilient approaches to design and protect the built-environment through engineering innovations & interventions. The topics covered are highly diverse and include all civil engineering and construction-related aspects such as construction and environmental Issues, durability and survivability under extreme conditions, design of new materials for sustainability, eco-efficient and ultra-high performance cementitious materials, embedded structural and foundation systems and environmental geomechanics. The book will be of potential interest to the researchers and students in the fields of civil engineering, architecture and sustainable development.
Sustainable Diets: Directions And Solutions For Policy, Research And Action
by Barbara Burlingame Sandro DerniniThis book takes a transdisciplinary approach and considers multisectoral actions, integrating health, agriculture and environmental issues to comprehensively explore the topic of sustainable diets. The team of international authors informs readers with arguments, challenges, perspectives, policies, actions and solutions on global topics that must be properly understood in order to be effectively addressed. They position issues of sustainable diets as central to the Earth's future. Presenting the latest findings, they: <P><P> - Explore the transition to sustainable diets within the context of sustainable food systems, addressing the right to food, and linking food security and nutrition to sustainability; <P><P> - Convey the urgency of coordinated action, and consider how to engage multiple sectors in dialogue and joint research to tackle the pressing problems that have taken us to the edge, and beyond, of the planet's limits to growth; <P><P> - Review tools, methods and indicators for assessing sustainable diets; <P><P> - Describe lessons learned from case studies on both traditional food systems and current dietary challenges. <P><P> As an affiliated project of the 10YFP Sustainable Food Systems Program, this book provides a way forward for achieving global and local targets, including the Sustainable Development Goals and the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition commitments. This resource is essential reading for scientists, practitioners and students in the fields of nutrition science, food science, environmental science, agricultural science, development studies, food studies, public health and food policy.
The Sustainable Digital City
by Avi FriedmanThis book explores the rise of technology-centered urban planning and the diffusion of these practices around the world. Seven axes of urban planning have been selected to highlight how data and technology currently work and how these systems can be improved going forward. Each aspect is explored in its own chapter that combines narrative description, illustrations, and case studies to show how technology currently shapes our cities and how this may impact the urban environments. Topics include infrastructure, mobility, energy use and distribution, work, public health, and knowledge transfer among others. The book also demonstrates how these aspects are tied to and affect the four pillars of sustainability: environment, society, economy, and culture.
Sustainable Digital Technologies: Trends, Impacts, and Assessments
by Vandana Sharma, Balamurugan Balusamy, Munish Sabharwal, and Mariya OuaissaThis book is a reference on digital technology and its impact on sustainability, providing insight into sustainable practices globally. It focuses on the critical practices leading to sustainable initiatives among various organizations, IT infrastructure, communities, and government compliance. The book describes the green computing paradigms and the impact of a circular economy with a focus on sustainable practices in a post-pandemic world. Sustainable Digital Technologies: Trends, Impacts, and Assessments discusses the critical factors leading to sustainable initiatives in a global economy. It highlights the impact of digital technology and Industry 4.0 in today’s world. The book focuses on the role, responsibility, and the effect of the Internet of Things for digital sustainability and practices. It describes implementation strategies for green cloud computing and presents additional strategies for sustainable practices in a post-pandemic world. This publication is designed for use by technology development academicians, data scientists, industrial professionals, researchers, and students interested in uncovering the latest innovations in the field and the current research on problem-oriented processing techniques in sustainable and evolutionary computing applications with reduced energy channelization.
Sustainable Earth and Beyond: Proceedings of EGRWSE 2022 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #370)
by Yeliz Yukselen-Aksoy Krishna R. Reddy Arvind Kumar AgnihotriThis book presents select proceedings of the Third International Conference on Environmental Geotechnology, Recycled Waste Materials and Sustainable Engineering (EGRWSE-2022). It covers state-of-the-art research on environmental geotechnology, sustainability, and use of recycled waste materials for civil infrastructure along with latest accomplishments, trends, concerns, innovations, practical challenges encountered, and the solutions adopted in this field. Given the contents, this book is useful for researchers, engineers, and professionals working in the areas of geoenvironmental engineering, waste management, and sustainable engineering and associated fields.
Sustainable Ecological Engineering Design: Selected Proceedings from the International Conference of Sustainable Ecological Engineering Design for Society (SEEDS) 2019
by Lloyd Scott Mohammad Dastbaz Christopher GorseThrough research and proven practice, the aim of the International Conference of Sustainable Ecological Engineering Design for Society (SEEDS) is to foster ideas on how to reduce negative impacts on the environment while providing for the health and well-being of society. The professions and fields of research required to ensure buildings meet user demands and provide healthy enclosures are many and diverse. The SEEDS conference addresses the interdependence of people, the built and natural environments, and recognizes the interdisciplinary and international themes necessary to assemble the knowledge required for positive change.
Sustainable Economics: Context, Challenges and Opportunities for the 21st-Century Practitioner
by Keith Skene Alan MurrayThis book marks a milestone in Economics publishing. Sustainable Economics is *the* subject of the moment, as businesses across the globe face up to peak oil prices, climate instability, increasingly complex environmental legislation and the challenge of adapting to a new business landscape. Sustainable Economics: Context, Challenges and Opportunities for the 21st Century Practitioner debugs the language of sustainable development. It explores the strengths and weaknesses of the many and diverse schools of thought. The book enables the modern business student and practitioner to disentangle the complex, often convoluted debate relating to sustainability, and it provides the tools necessary to lead their organizations through the murky waters of current times and prepare for the challenges of the future. Eschewing the linear – take, make and waste – approach of current business and manufacturing thinking, this book revisits the ecological models underpinning recent economic sustainability theory, and re-examines the consequences of modern ecological thought upon business strategies relating to sustainability. A chapter is also dedicated to the "circular economy", already in common parlance at policy levels in the UK, and notably in China and other developing countries.Packed with the most recent research papers, Sustainable Economics is an essential resource for the 21st-century business practitioner and legislator.The book is supported with a large array of teaching and learning material, for both formal and informal use, ranging from role play to data analysis which are available on request with the purchase of this book.
The Sustainable Economics of Elinor Ostrom: Commons, contestation and craft (Routledge Studies in Ecological Economics #33)
by Derek WallElinor Ostrom’s Nobel Prize-winning work on common pool property rights has implications for some of the most pressing sustainability issues of the twenty-first century — from tackling climate change to maintaining cyberspace. In this book, Derek Wall critically examines Ostrom’s work, while also exploring the following questions: is it possible to combine insights rooted in methodological individualism with a theory that stresses collectivist solutions? Is Ostrom’s emphasis on largely local solutions to climate change relevant to a crisis propelled by global factors? This volume situates her ideas in terms of the constitutional analysis of her partner Vincent Ostrom and wider institutional economics. It outlines her key concerns, including a radical research methodology, commitment to indigenous people and the concept of social-ecological systems. Ostrom is recognised for producing a body of work which demonstrates how people can construct rules that allow them to exploit the environment in an ecologically sustainable way, without the need for governmental regulation, and this book argues that in a world where ecological realities increasingly threaten material prosperity, such scholarship provides a way of thinking about how humanity can create truly sustainable development. Given the inter-disciplinary nature of Ostrom’s work, this book will be relevant to those working in the areas of environmental economics, political economy, political science and ecology.
The Sustainable Economy: The Hidden Costs of Climate Change and the Path to a Prosperous Future
by Robert DevineAn original, engaging guide to creating a sustainable economy that will combat global warming while also improving our quality of life.Pick an environmental issue. Maybe air pollution, toxic waste, or deforestation. These all seem like solid choices, but none of these is actually an environmental problem--at least, not at its heart. Deep down, they are economic problems. Nearly all the issues we classify as environmental stem from defects in the DNA of America's current market system. This is emphatically true of our greatest environmental threat: global warming.With a focus on climate change, journalist and author Robert S. Devine reveals the fundamental flaws in the economy that enable environmental degradation. The Sustainable Economy is a book about economics, but it skips the equations and eases through the jargon, opting instead for compelling stories and surprising humor. Readers will encounter high-tech narwhals, struggling coal workers, orbiting giant mirrors, the kids who are suing the U.S. government over climate policy, and vanishing Alaskan towns.The Sustainable Economy looks at many of the most pressing climate issues, such as melting ice caps and farm-killing droughts, but by viewing them through the revealing lens of economics, the book delivers a fresh perspective. Devine shows how the basic mechanisms of supply and demand fail when it comes to global warming and the environment. Fortunately, he also lays out a path to an improved economy that can boost our well-being while also fostering a healthy environment. Most importantly, The Sustainable Economy shows how we can overcome the political and personal obstacles blocking progress toward a sustainable, just, and prosperous economy.
A Sustainable Economy for the 21st Century (Open Media Series)
by Juliet SchorIn this groundbreaking pamphlet, Juliet Schor, author of The Overworked American, examines how Americans can begin making the shift away from a resource-destructive society to one that values the environment, community, and quality of life above business and profit. She a traces back how after W.W.II, Americans had hoped that technology and social investment would yield shorter work weeks, more pay, and complete healthcare. Instead, we work more, get paid less, and maintain an indecent adult minimum wage. Where did we go wrong?Schor's pamphlet charts an economic vision based that aims to reduce work hours, increase leisure, create new work schedules that are not operating on a "male" model of employment, create green quotas and industry-wide environmental standards, alternative housing and transportation, raise minimum wage, restructure labor relations, change corporate culture, and promote social accountability. The pamphlet "sets the guideposts," writes Noam Chomsky, "for constructive thinking and action to save our country from becoming a plaything for investors and transnational corporations, and to place its fate in the hands of its citizens."
Sustainable Energy
by Klaus D. JohnRising fuel prices during recent years and the threat of global warming have reinforced public and scientific interest in the issue of sustainable energy, with the term sustainability understood as having economic, environmental and social dimensions. Renewable energy is seen as an effective means to address several problems simultaneously, including climate change, exploitation of non-renewable resources, the high volatility of energy prices on the global markets, dependency on fuels from politically unstable countries (energy-insecurity) and the transfer of wealth to these countries. This book addresses these and related topics including the diffusion of renewable technologies. Policies to induce sustainable energy use and production are discussed by researchers from a range of different disciplines. The result is a use-oriented and multidisciplinary perspective concerning policies to support sustainable energy use and production, which will be of great use to researchers and academics alike.
Sustainable Energy: A Myth or Reality (The Springer Series in Sustainable Energy Policy)
by Hassan Qudrat-UllahThis book embarks on a transformative journey through the complex landscape of renewable energy, challenging prevailing myths and uncovering the realities that define our energy future. At the heart of this exploration lies the dynamic intersection of technology and sustainability, spotlighting the critical nexus where innovation meets eco-conscious solutions. Far from a mere debunking exercise, this book unfolds as a comprehensive narrative, weaving through the complex tapestry of challenges and opportunities that define the sustainable energy paradigm. Unravelling misconceptions surrounding sustainable energy, the book places a particular emphasis on renewable sources like solar and wind, providing a profound understanding that extends beyond the surface. Engaging case studies and examples punctuate the narrative, offering a firsthand glimpse into the practical applications and challenges of sustainable energy projects. Designed for a diverse readership, the book speaks to: (i) Students and teachers: Delving into the scientific and technical intricacies of sustainable energy sources, along with their broader environmental, social, and economic impacts. (ii) Researchers and professionals: Offering an up-to-the-minute guide to the latest developments and trends in the ever-evolving field of sustainable energy. (iii) Policy makers and activists: Providing a nuanced exploration of the facts and evidence underpinning sustainable energy, alongside an insightful examination of the myths and misconceptions that surround it. (iv) General readers: Inviting all who seek to broaden their knowledge and awareness of sustainable energy, understanding its profound relevance and importance for the collective future of humanity and the planet. This book isn't just a journey; it's a call to action. As you turn the pages, you're not only gaining knowledge but becoming part of a movement toward a resilient and eco-friendly tomorrow. Embrace the future of energy – informed, inspired, and empowered.
Sustainable Energy and Economics in an Aging Population: Lessons from Japan (Lecture Notes in Energy #76)
by Kozo Torasan MayumiThis book discusses current challenges in Japan, focusing on the nation’s rapidly aging population and low birth rate, along with persistent public bond issues with heavy interest payments, the potential collapse of social security systems, and income inequality, as well as the global picture. In turn, it examines the accessibility of global fossil fuels and feasibility of large-scale solar energy use. A new theory of money, interest, and capital is put forward, together with a proposal for an alternative system of international monetary cooperation, to promote a more sustainable and equitable world. Specific topics discussed include • the inverted population pyramid, due to the dramatic change in human life spans and declining birth rates; • the rapidly shrinking workforce, aging population, and declining GDP share sourced from industry; • disproportionate debt expansion due to public bond issues and coping with a persistent budget deficit; • the potential collapse of social security systems combined with income inequality; and • how to mitigate these bio-economic predicaments. Global Energy Sources offers an essential guide for policymakers, economists, researchers, and all those concerned with establishing a sustainable and equitable society from both energy and monetary perspectives. Further, it will be of interest to readers around the world, as the lessons learned from Japan are crucial to other developed societies that may eventually face the same types of challenge.
Sustainable Energy and Technological Advancements: Proceedings of ISSETA 2023 (Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology)
by Gayadhar Panda Hassan Haes Alhelou Ritula ThakurThis book contains selected papers presented at Second International Symposium on Sustainable Energy and Technological Advancements (ISSETA 2023), organized by the Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Meghalaya, Shillong, India, during February 24–25, 2023. The topics covered in the book are the cutting-edge research involved in sustainable energy technologies, smart building technology, integration and application of multiple energy sources; advanced power converter topologies and their modulation techniques; and information and communication technologies for smart micro-grids.
Sustainable Energy and Technological Advancements: Proceedings of ISSETA 2021 (Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology)
by Gayadhar Panda R. T. Naayagi Sukumar MishraThis book contains selected papers presented at the First International Symposium on Sustainable Energy and Technological Advancements (ISSETA 2021), which was organized by the Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Meghalaya, Shillong, India, during September 24–25, 2021. The topics covered in the book mainly focuses on the cutting-edge research domain with respect to sustainable energy technologies, smart building, integration, and application of multiple energy sources; advanced power converter topologies and their modulation techniques; and information and communication technologies for smart microgrids.
Sustainable Energy and the Environment: A Clean Technology Approach
by N. D. Kaushika K. S. Reddy Kshitij KaushikThis book emerges from the recognition that energy, environment and ecosystems are dynamically and inextricably connected. The energy environment system must be addressed in its totality, so that we can devise sustainable solutions that incorporate both economic growth and environmental conservation. No single clean energy source will sustain long-term energy security, and fossil fuels will remain prominent in the mix of energy sources for several decades to come. Energy solutions, therefore, must employ a broad and diverse range of approaches, including cleaner fossil fuel technologies, and an affordable transition to greener power generation employing waste, water and renewable resources. Moreover, adapting to this changing global energy picture will require a transformational shift in the ways we use and deliver energy services. The authors begin with a broad introductory chapter on sustainable energy and the environment, classifying energy resources, cataloging environmental degradations, and outlining the concepts and practices of sustainability. In Chapters Two and Three, they summarize the basic constituents of the environment, the biosphere and its natural cycles, and offer a model of Earth's planetary temperatures and the greenhouse effect. Chapters Four and Five outline conventional energy and power systems, and related environmental degradations. The next several chapters cover clean coal technologies for power generation, and discuss sustainable energy and power technologies based on both thermal and photovoltaic solar energy, along with biomass and wind. The final chapters examine in depth the management of waste and water, pollution control and energy conservation. The book introduces a unique approach to sustainability and energy conservation which emphasizes the relationships between underlying scientific principles and practical applications employed in engineering solutions. All this is offered in a form that matches the requirements of college-level environmental science and engineering courses.
Sustainable Energy Branding: Helping to Save the Planet
by Fridrik LarsenSustainable energy branding has become one of the hottest topics in business. As climate change and market liberalisation—the greatest environmental and economic challenges of our times—are prompting the world's power companies to transform on a scale never seen before, the eyes of the world are firmly upon them. By introducing new business models, as well as new ways of generating power, energy-sector giants are aiming to dramatically cut harmful emissions over the next few decades. Crucial to the success of this transition is the support of energy consumers and political decision-makers, and this challenge should not be underestimated. Power companies are, therefore, developing new marketing and communication strategies around renewable energy, sustainable growth, co-operation with customers and environmental protection. Fridrik Larsen, the world’s foremost expert on energy branding, looks at the role of branding and marketing in the energy transition through a series of interviews with senior energy-sector executives. These compelling insights from industry leaders make this book a must-read for marketing and C-suite executives at energy companies who are wanting to communicate sustainable and renewable energy solutions effectively to make a difference.
Sustainable Energy Development and Innovation: Selected Papers from the World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC) 2020 (Innovative Renewable Energy)
by Ali SayighThis book contains selected papers presented during the World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC) 2020 at the Instituto Superior Técnico in Lisbon. The WREC is dedicated to promoting renewable energy global development, and features top international experts, policy makers, scientists, engineers, technology developers, and business practitioners addressing the most current research and technological breakthroughs in sustainable energy development and innovation. The contributions address policy and renewable energy technologies and applications in all sectors—for heating and cooling, agricultural applications, water, desalination, industrial applications, and for the transport sectors.Presents cutting-edge research in green building and renewable energy from all over the world;Covers the most up-to-date research developments, government policies, business models, best practices, and innovations;Contains case studies and examples to enhance practical application of the technologies.
Sustainable Energy Education in the Arctic: The Role of Higher Education (Routledge Explorations in Energy Studies)
by Gisele M. ArrudaThis book examines the nature of the ‘energy curriculum’ in Arctic Higher Education and provides invaluable data and new models to assess levels of Sustainable Development Literacy. Drawing on course mapping conducted in Higher Education institutions across the Arctic, Arruda looks at the nature, structure, and design of the Arctic Higher Education curriculum in order to assess levels of Sustainable Development Literacy and considers the extent to which Arctic Higher Education courses align to UNESCO Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Using data from four key case studies in Norway, Canada, and the US, and applying a framework drawn from different knowledge systems (Traditional Knowledge and Western educational system), she analyses the different educational approaches and pedagogies used and specifically considers how Higher Education in this region can contribute to the accomplishment of Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals. The book concludes by proposing new models to assess Higher Education adherence to ESD and outlines how a culturally inclusive curriculum can invite different groups of people to engage in a meaningful Sustainable Development debate, learning experience, and knowledge application. This innovative volume will be of great interest to multicultural students, scholars, and educators of Sustainable Development, climate change, energy, Arctic studies, and global Higher Education across the Arctic and non-Arctic nations.
Sustainable Energy for All: Innovation, technology and pro-poor green transformations (Pathways to Sustainability)
by David Ockwell Rob ByrneDespite decades of effort and billions of dollars spent, two thirds of people in sub-Saharan Africa still lack access to electricity, a vital pre-cursor to economic development and poverty reduction. Ambitious international policy commitments seek to address this, but scholarship has failed to keep pace with policy ambitions, lacking both the empirical basis and the theoretical perspective to inform such transformative policy aims. Sustainable Energy for All aims to fill this gap. Through detailed historical analysis of the Kenyan solar PV market the book demonstrates the value of a new theoretical perspective based on Socio-Technical Innovation System Building. Importantly, the book goes beyond a purely academic critique to detail exactly how a Socio-Technical Innovation System Building approach might be operationalized in practice, facilitating both a detailed plan for future comparative research as well as a clear agenda for policy and practice. These plans are based on a systemic perspective that is more fit for purpose to inform transformative policy ambitions like the UN’s Sustainable Energy for All by 2030 initiative and to underpin pro-poor pathways in sustainable energy access. This book will be of interest to academic researchers, policy makers and practitioners in the field of sustainable energy access and low carbon development more broadly.
Sustainable Energy Mix in Fragile Environments: Frameworks and Perspectives (Social and Ecological Interactions in the Galapagos Islands)
by Mary-Ellen TylerThe purpose of this book is to present a range of cases and comparison of the issues, insights and cases emerging from the Sustainable Energy Mix Summit in the Galapagos that offer a better understanding of energy mix in fragile environments from a variety of International locations and contexts including the Galapagos.