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The Caves Beyond: The Story of the Floyd Collins' Crystal Cave Exploration
by Roger W. Brucker Joe Lawrence Jr.THE CAVES BEYOND by Joe Lawrence, Jr. and Roger W. Brucker The Caves Beyond is the classic American caving adventure story. There is no other caving book like it. First published in 1955 in an edition of 10,000 copies, the book was out of print soon afterwards. It is now known among caving enthusiasts as the most stolen book there ever was. You will see it listed in most library catalogs, but will be lucky to find a copy on a library shelf. In February, 1954, under the direction of Joe Lawrence, the National Speleological Society sent the largest, most highly organized, and best-equipped expedition in the history of American cave exploration into Floyd Collins' Crystal Cave, Kentucky. The Caves Beyond is the official NSS account of that expedition. In the short view, the C-3 (Collins' Crystal Cave) expedition was not much of a success, but in the long view it was a major turning point in American speleology. Three cavers- Phil Smith, Roger Brucker, and Roger McClure, emerged from the C-3 expedition to organize the Central Ohio Grotto Flint Ridge Reconnaissance, and then the Cave Research Foundation, to carry on the exploration. Guided by Jim Dyer, Dr. Pohl, and Bill Austin, they molded the most concentrated speleological effort ever undertaken by a large group. Planning for the C-3 expedition had begun in 1952; 20 years later, with no letup in intensity, the big connection between the Flint Ridge Cave System and Mammoth Cave was made. The story told in The Caves Beyond culminated in the integration of the longest cave in the world-the Flint Mammoth Cave System. Roger Brucker's new introduction to the long-awaited reprint edition reveal a number of old secrets, including stories of the politics behind the C-3 expedition and of how the book came to be written in an attic in Brooklyn in two weeks' time. There is also a detailed index, which the first edition lacked.
The Caves of Burnsville Cove, Virginia
by William B. WhiteThis book highlights some of the most difficult and persistent exploration ever undertaken in the United States - in Burnsville Cove, a small limestone valley in west-central Virginia - while at the same time reviewing the scientific discoveries made in the area's 116 km of caves in the course of 50 years. Overall, the book offers a unique combination of exploration and science by a conservation organization specifically dedicated to the preservation and study of the caves.
The Centre of City: Thermal Environment and Spatial Morphology
by Junyan Yang Xing ShiA major objective of this monograph is to identify the impact of thermal environment on urban center district. It provides in-depth evaluation and research on the correlation between urban spatial morphology indicator and urban thermal environment. In addition, the distribution characteristics of thermal environment and urban morphology units sample are also evaluated intensively. Furthermore, it analyses from three aspects of urban planning, architecture and landscape respectively and includes 35 concrete measures that could be brought into practice on reducing negative impact of urban thermal environment. Through 500 vivid figures, graphs and diagrams it illustrates the relationship between urban morphology and urban thermal environment. The analysis software employed by the author includes Ecotect, ENVI-met and Ray-man. It intertwines the quantitative research of both thermal environment and urban morphology through in-depth analysis and urban microclimate simulation. It makes a valuable contribution for the research on urban environment and urban morphology.
The Chagos Archipelago: A Biological Biography
by Charles SheppardThis book is the story of the natural history of Chagos Archipelago, and of the efforts of many to get it recognized as an important and protected wildlife reserve. Exploring its immense natural riches and biodiversity, both on islands and in the marine environment, this book addresses competing claims to its resources, its politics, and the desire of some commercial and political parties to exploit the area. It is about the fight to conserve a wonderland of biodiversity and obtain its protection from exploitation, especially of its reefs and other marine life. This book shows the importance of the Chagos Archipelago and why so much research was done there. Rather than being a typical research book, this work presents research in a narrative form and describes the now substantial Government, UN, and legal interest in the archipelago since the UK was told to ‘decolonise’ it. It is also the story of our planet in miniature: the archipelago encapsulates much of the world’s conservation tribulations in a way we can much more easily understand. This narrative will explore the difficulties faced by the Chagos Archipelago, including displaced people, old and derelict industries (coconut in this case), the military, politics, rich and untouched ecosystems that some want to exploit, ruined habitats on land, climate change, and territorial claims. It will examine how all of these factors have affected the natural history, biodiversity, and conservation of the archipelago. With beautiful photography of the Chagos Archipelago coral reefs and islands, as well as graphs indicating their findings, this book offers professionals, researchers, academics, and students in conservation and biodiversity an insight into one of the world’s most diverse ecosystems. It is also accessible for non‑academic readers with an interest in climate change, biodiversity, and the importance of conservation.
The Challenge for Energy Justice: Correcting Human Rights Abuses
by Raphael J HeffronWritten by one of the world’s leading scholars in the field, this book provides a unique perspective on the connections between energy justice and human rights. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the author offers an accessible discussion about the implementation of energy justice in practice. The book explores the rise of justice issues in the energy sector, the interdisciplinary nature of energy justice, the economics of energy justice and provides a practical case study on distributive justice. The penultimate chapter focuses on human rights and energy justice in a world first, and explores the topic from the perspective of the opportunity of last resort. This ‘opportunity of last resort’ is the national courts and is the place where societies can seek to have justice enforced through a variety of human rights being protected. Finally, energy justice risks are highlighted alongside the author’s proposed framework for the next generation of energy justice scholars.
The Challenge of Climate Change: Which Way Now?
by Daniel P. Perlmutter Robert L. RothsteinGlobal warming and climate change present complex interlocking issues of public policy, multilateral negotiation, and technological advancement. This book explores both the problems and the opportunities presented by international agreements, and examines the technological developments and policy goals that can be pursued to effect the changes necessary. Specific steps are proposed in the form of a list of priorities. This book represents a cooperative enterprise between two authors of different backgrounds - engineering and international relations - and is directed to an educated but non-professional lay audience without any formal training in either science or international relations. The points of view of negotiators from both developed and developing nations are presented and compared. Each topic is presented from both technical and policy perspectives as a means to evaluate the variety of proposals that have been offered as remedies to global warming. The text is supported by illustrations and tables where appropriate, including a list of References at the end of each chapter.
The Challenge of Environmental Management in Urban Areas (Routledge Revivals)
by Adrian Atkinson Julio D. Dávila Michael MattinglyFirst published in 1999, this volume features contributors specialising in urban planning and examines the challenges of environmental planning in urban areas, focusing on policy, management, organisation and policy. A collection of ground-breaking and thought-provoking papers, they are written by some of the most distinguished, internationally known names in the field of urban sustainability. The authors go beyond debates about approach and policy options to look at what is taking place. The experience of urban environmental management is presented from several countries in Africa, Latin America, Europe and Asia. They examine over twenty case studies in contributing to existing knowledge of environmental management practice in urban areas, emphasising the issue in both Northern and Southern countries in relation to growing awareness in the North and rapid city growth in the South. While containing critical analyses, the emphasis is placed on achievements and promising developments of vital importance to local administrators, policy-makers, town planners, academics, environmentalists and students alike.
The Challenge of Rural Electrification: Strategies for Developing Countries
by Douglas F. BarnesDouglas Barnes and his team of development experts provide an essential guide that can help improve the quality of life to the estimated 1.6 billion rural people in the world who are without electricity. The difficulties in bringing electricity to rural areas are formidable: Low population densities result in high capital and operating costs. Consumers are often poor, and their electricity consumption is low. Politicians interfere with the planning and operations of programs, insisting on favored constituents. Yet, as Barnes and his contributors demonstrate, many countries have overcome these obstacles. The Challenge of Rural Electrification provides lessons from successful programs in Bangladesh, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Mexico, the Philippines, Thailand, and Tunisia, as well as Ireland and the United States. These insights are presented in a format that should be accessible to a broad range of policymakers, development professionals, and community advocates. Barnes and his contributors do not provide a single formula for bringing electricity to rural areas. They do not recommend a specific set of institutional arrangements for the participation of public sector companies, cooperatives, and private firms. They argue instead that successful programs follow a flexible, but still well-defined set of principles: a financially viable plan that clearly accounts for any subsidies; a cooperative relationship between electricity providers and local communities; and an operational separation from day-to-day government and politics.
The Challenges of Democracy in the War on Terror: The Liberal State before the Advance of Terrorism (Routledge Research in Place, Space and Politics)
by Maximiliano E. KorstanjeThis book unravels the role of democracy after the 9/11 terrorist attacks and reflects important debates surrounding the security of Muslim communities in the years to come. It looks at the problems of torture, violence and the legal resources available to contemporary democracies to confront terrorism. While terrorism is often regarded as one of the major threats to the West and the nation-state, this book explores the notion that a disciplined sense of terror is what keeps society working. The strengths and limitations of liberalism are examined, as well as the ethical dilemma of torture and human right violations in the struggle against terrorism. This book carefully dissects the origin of the nation-state and how it keeps society united. The author offers a creative and unique approach to democracy and worldwide terrorism, exploring the consequences for the nation-state. This book looks at the connections between terrorism, mobility, consumption, torture and fear. It will be of interest to researchers as well as postgraduate and postdoctoral students within the fields of Human Geography, Politics, Media and International Relations.
The Challenges of Time: Myth, Physics, Environment
by Walter GrassiThis book represents a journey through the history of science in regards to the concept of time, specifically, the question as to whether it is absolute, relative, or irreversible. The best-known contribution, or at least the most popular one, came from Einstein. He took the illusion that time was universal, a concept dating back, essentially, to Galileo and Newton, and shattered it, both within and without the scientific community. Thermodynamics teaches us that time has a preferential direction, i.e., forward, and is irreversible, as shown by Prigogine and his theories on dissipative structures and complex systems. Time is not only an “external spectator” to what happens, but assiduously takes part in making it happen. The concept of thermodynamics shows us how time is linked with environmental issues, as creator and destroyer. The author explores the relationships of cause and effect and how it can help in measuring the various eras of the planet, as well as understanding the beings that inhabit it. This book will be a valuable read for students, researchers, and interested laypersons alike.
The Change of Climate and Ecological Environment in China 2021: Synthesis Report
by Dahe Qin Yongjian Ding Panmao Zhai Lianchun Song Yong Luo Kejun JiangThis book analyzes China's climate and environmental change facts, impacts and vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies. On basis of synthesis assessment, through comprehensive integration, it focuses on four aspects: climate change and ecological environment evolution, future climate change and risk prediction, technical measures and action results for adaptation and mitigation, and development path with climate resilience. In terms of change facts, it focuses on extreme climate events, large-scale factors affecting China's climate change, and the impact of climate change on China's social and economic system. In terms of future risks, it focuses on key variables such as temperature, precipitation and other key variables and the prediction of future changes in extreme climate events. Potential risks in resources, agriculture, cryosphere, ecology, human settlements, health and major projects are also discussed. In terms of adaptation and mitigation, this book systematically sorts out and summarizes the effects, policy choices and synergies of climate change adaptation and mitigation from two perspectives, global and Chinese. Finally, from the perspectives of carbon emission path, sustainable development, and building a community with a shared future for mankind, it explains the essentials of choosing a development path with climate resilience.
The Changing Arctic Environment
by David P. StoneThis accessible and engagingly written book describes how national and international scientific monitoring programmes brought to light our present understanding of Arctic environmental change, and how these research results were successfully used to achieve international legal actions to lessen some of the environmental impacts. David P. Stone was intimately involved in many of these scientific and political activities. He tells a powerful story, using the metaphor of the 'Arctic Messenger' - an imaginary being warning us all of the folly of ignoring Arctic environmental change. This book will be of great interest to anyone concerned about the fate of the Arctic, including lifelong learners interested in the Arctic and the natural environment generally; students studying environmental science and policy; researchers of circumpolar studies, indigenous peoples, national and international environmental management, and environmental law; and policymakers and industry professionals looking to protect (or exploit) Arctic resources.
The Changing Blue Ridge Mountains: Essays on Journeys Past and Present (Natural History)
by Brent MartinExplore this section of the Appalachians in these essays examining its history, its wilderness, and what change means for its future.In the eighteenth century, naturalist and artist William Bartram traveled in the Blue Ridge Mountains and spent time documenting both plant life and the customs of the Middle Town Cherokees. Since that time, men and women like Bartram have journeyed through Western North Carolina&’s wildest and most remote places and written about their experiences. The essays in this volume compare the present day to those historical journeys and explore the idea of wilderness and what change means for the future of the people and the species who live in the mountains. Join local writer and guide Brent Martin on a journey through this incredible landscape.&“With unflinching candor, Brent Martin celebrates the heartbreaking beauty of Appalachia. He wrings out every sensory and emotional detail in these passionate, probing essays that explore the wild within. These aren&’t lyrical paeans to nature; they are gritty, gutsy journeys into the rugged, remote landscapes of the human heart. Immersed in mountain tradition, culture, and community, he wanders deep and alone into the wild to find what remains. Martin&’s powerful, masterful writing shines with real, hard-earned hope.&” —Will Harlan, author of the New York Times bestseller Untamed: The Wildest Woman in America &“If you love the Southern Appalachians and Wendell Berry and Annie Dillard and Gary Snyder, read this beautifully written and deeply thought-provoking book.&” —Charles Frazier, author of the New York Times bestseller Cold Mountain&“A thoughtful and thought-provoking collection of essays from one of Appalachia&’s staunchest proponents of wilderness and one of its most devoted writers. Brent Martin is a preeminent naturalist and a scholar of the history of his place. This book is deeply personal, highly instructive, far-reaching.&” —Janisse Ray, author of Ecology of a Cracker Childhood&“A loving a troubling portrait of the southern Appalachians—the rich history and complexity of ecosystems alongside the damage we&’ve wrought on them.&” —Catherine Reid, author of Falling into Place: An Intimate Geography of Home
The Changing Climate: Selected Papers (Routledge Revivals: A History of Climate Changes)
by H. H. LambFirst published in 1966 these collected papers, written by the distinguished and visionary climatologist Hubert H. Lamb, describe how climates come about and give a history of climatic changes from the last ice-age to the 1960s.
The Changing Earth: Exploring Geology And Evolution
by Reed Wicander James S. MonroeTHE CHANGING EARTH: EXPLORING GEOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Seventh Edition, is a member of a rare breed of texts written specifically for courses covering both physical and historical geology. Three interrelated themes (plate tectonics, organic evolution, and geologic time) help students understand that Earth is a complex, integrated, and continually changing system. <p><p> In the new edition authors James S. Monroe and Reed Wicander integrate new content emphasizing the economic impacts of geology. Topics such as fracking, nuclear waste, and the threat of earthquakes are covered in new Geo-Impact boxes that stress real-world applications. Lauded for their clear writing style, the authors go beyond simply explaining geology and its processes; rather, they place that knowledge within the context of human experience by consistently emphasizing relevance, resources, and the environment. New Global Geosciences Watch activities help students learn how to use an extensive database of articles on geology that are updated several times a day and are available exclusively for users of this book.
The Changing Economic Geography of Companies and Regions in Times of Risk, Uncertainty, and Crisis (The Dynamics of Economic Space)
by Martin Franz Thomas Neise Philip VerfürthThis book offers conceptual and empirical insights from economic geography to explore how uncertainties, crises, and risks, shape, reshape, and ultimately transform the spatial arrangements of companies and regions.This book provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of economic interactions amidst contemporary challenges. It explores concepts such as global value chains, global production networks, regional resilience, and the impact of crises, risks, and uncertainties on spatial economic patterns. Case studies from various regions, nations, and industries, including lesser researched sectors such as medical technology and the restaurant and bar industry offer tangible and real-world manifestations of these dynamics. Through its comprehensive coverage and interdisciplinary approach, this book equips readers with practical knowledge applicable to academia and real-world contexts. It offers a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between economic geography and contemporary challenges at a variety of levels.The book provides valuable perspectives for academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the fields of Economic Geography, Regional Studies, Political Sciences, Economic Sociology, Economics, and International Business Studies.
The Changing Flow of Energy Through the Climate System
by Kevin E. TrenberthKevin E. Trenberth emphasizes the fundamental role of energy flows in the climate system and anthropogenic climate change. The distribution of heat, or more generally, energy, is the main determinant of weather patterns in the atmosphere and their impacts. The topics addressed cover many facets of climate and the climate crisis. These include the diurnal cycle; the seasons; energy differences between the continents and the oceans, the poles and the tropics; interannual variability such as Niño; natural decadal variability; and ice ages. Human-induced climate change rides on and interacts with all of these natural phenomena, and the result is an unevenly warming planet and changing weather extremes. The book emphasizes the need to not only slow or stop climate change, but also to better prepare for it and build resilience. Students, researchers, and professionals from a wide range of backgrounds will benefit from this deeper understanding of climate change.
The Changing Framework of the Guiana Shield (SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences)
by Salomon KroonenbergThis book describes the widely different concepts that have been developed about the general structure and origin of the Guiana shield during the last one hundred years. A review of the evolution of thoughts about the geological framework of the Guiana Shield shows that many problems discussed at present have deep roots in the past: is the shield essentially an Archean craton reworked and remobilized by later Proterozoic events, or is it the result of juvenile continental accretion around pre-existing Archean nuclei? Is the tectonic development comparable to that in the Archean or to modern orogenic processes, and what is the role of plate tectonics? All these questions have an immediate bearing on metallogenesis in the shield. On the basis of many published maps and stratigraphic schemes, advances in geochronology, geochemistry and structural geology, this book shows that many problems have still to be solved. It is based on thorough literature research, including many 'grey' papers in old conference proceedings that are not available digitally, written in the five languages of the Guiana Shield countries Dutch, English, French, Portuguese and Spanish, collected by the author during the fifty years of his involvement in Guiana Shield research. One of the striking features is that from the beginning until the present day, there are discrepancies between the views of scientists from the northern Guianian countries Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana on the one hand, and the views of many Brazilian scientists in the south on the other hand, both sides commonly ignoring or neglecting the knowledge obtained by the other side across the rainforest-clad divide. Only a recent international cooperation programme opened the dialogue. By bringing together these views, the book contributes to a better understanding of the history of the Guiana Shield.
The Changing Geography of Africa and the Middle East
by Graham P. Chapman Kathleen M. BakerCROSS REF DEV STUDIES Both Africa and the Middle East have sought alternatives to Western models of development. The last twenty-five years have seen political independence for the states of Africa and increased economic dependence on external aid. The Middle East, resource rich and water poor, continues economically robust but politically unstable. In both regions, widespread poverty continues as does the involvement of the West.Clearly illustrated with basic maps of the countries discussed, The Changing Geography of Africa and the Middle East presents a systematic review of twenty-five years of development. The book will prove an invaluable guide to the physical, economic, social and political environments of contemporary Africa and the Middle East.
The Changing Geography of Asia
by Graham P. Chapman Kathleen M. BakerRanging from the poverty and exploding population of Bangladesh to the dazzling technology and ageing population of Japan, from the two most populous states of India and China to the tiny states of Singapore and the Maldives and to the emptiness of Siberia, Asia contains the greatest diversity of physical environments, cultures and levels of development of any of the continents.Clearly illustrated with basic maps of the countries discussed, The Changing Geography of Asia presents a systematic review of twenty-five years of development, covering the physical, economic, social and political environments of contemporary Asia.
The Changing Geography of National Parks and Protected Areas
by Joe Weber Selima SultanaThis book contains recent geographic work examining the changing geography of protected areas in the U.S. and Europe. These places can be national parks, forests, or other places that are being protected for their significant aesthetic, historical, or environmental values by governments and communities. These places can be studied with reference to their physical environments, the management of their plant and animal life, which places are to be protected, who visits these places (and who does not, and why not), and how we think of these places. This work includes examinations of many parks and issues that affect them, such as land degradation, the social and political geography involved in creating new national park units, visitation by underserved segments of the population, and the changing names of protected areas. It makes use of work using methods and data as diverse as remote sensing, nineteenth survey plats and GIS, and online visitor surveys.
The Changing Geography of the UK
by Hugh Matthews Vince GardinerFirst published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Changing Geography of the UK 3rd Edition
by Vince Gardiner; Hugh MatthewsThis book presents a full description and interpretation of the changes that have occurred in the United Kingdom during the 1990s. It offers an understanding of the social, economic, political, and physical forces bringing about the changes in the United Kingdom.
The Changing Governance of Renewable Natural Resources in Northwest Russia
by Soili Nysten-HaaralaBringing together scholars of human geography, environmental sociology, law, economics and international policy from Finland, Russia, Sweden and Germany, this book examines how local communities and enterprises adjust to transition and institutional changes in Northwest Russia. A unique and important facet of the book is that it analyzes the law and legal institutions, focusing on how those involved in law use or abuse it, in relation to unofficial institutions and the interplay of different interest groups in governing forest and fishery resources. The local view is approached empirically with data gathered through interviews, which is then compared against institutional change at national level and in the global arena. Multidisciplinary in nature, the book demonstrates innovative ways of adjusting to change, combining old and new, local and global and providing a holistic view of the Russian economy and a society in transition.
The Changing Land: Module F
by Leonard Bernstein Martin Schachter Alan Winkler Stanley WolfeIn this book, you will use a variety of science process skills to understand the facts and theories in earth science.