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Something's Rising: Appalachians Fighting Mountaintop Removal
by Silas House Jason HowardLike an old-fashioned hymn sung in rounds, Something's Rising gives a stirring voice to the lives, culture, and determination of the people fighting the destructive practice of mountaintop removal in the coalfields of central Appalachia. Each person's story, unique and unfiltered, articulates the hardship of living in these majestic mountains amid the daily desecration of the land by the coal industry because of America's insistence on cheap energy. Developed as an alternative to strip mining, mountaintop removal mining consists of blasting away the tops of mountains, dumping waste into the valleys, and retrieving the exposed coal. This process buries streams, pollutes wells and waterways, and alters fragile ecologies in the region. The people who live, work, and raise families in central Appalachia face not only the physical destruction of their land but also the loss of their culture and health in a society dominated by the consequences of mountaintop removal. Included here are oral histories from Jean Ritchie, "the mother of folk," who doesn't let her eighty-six years slow down her fighting spirit; Judy Bonds, a tough-talking coal-miner's daughter; Kathy Mattea, the beloved country singer who believes cooperation is the key to winning the battle; Jack Spadaro, the heroic whistle-blower who has risked everything to share his insider knowledge of federal mining agencies; Larry Bush, who doesn't back down even when speeding coal trucks are used to intimidate him; Denise Giardina, a celebrated writer who ran for governor to bring attention to the issue; and many more. The book features both well-known activists and people rarely in the media. Each oral history is prefaced with a biographical essay that vividly establishes the interview settings and the subjects' connections to their region. Written and edited by native sons of the mountains, this compelling book captures a fever-pitch moment in the movement against mountaintop removal. Silas House and Jason Howard are experts on the history of resistance in Appalachia, the legacy of exploitation of the region's natural resources, and area's unique culture and landscape. This lyrical and informative text provides a critical perspective on a powerful industry. The cumulative effect of these stories is stunning and powerful. Something's Rising will long stand as a testament to the social and ecological consequences of energy at any cost and will be especially welcomed by readers of Appalachian studies, environmental science, and by all who value the mountain's majesty-- our national heritage.
Somos agua
by Laura MadrueñoLa periodista y presentadora Laura Madrueño nos ofrece una imprescindible lección de amor a la naturaleza y una reflexión sobre la necesidad de protegernos preservando nuestros océanos. El ser humano siempre ha sentido una gran fascinación por los océanos. La conexión es inevitable porque, más allá de ser humanos, somos agua. Sin embargo, hemos explorado más el espacio exterior que los misterios ocultos en las profundidades de nuestro planeta. Este libro nos invita a descubrir la belleza de ese universo onírico y salvaje tan cercano pero tan desconocido para muchos: el mundo submarino. En sus páginas también habla de cómo hemos contaminado más en los últimos cien años que en toda nuestra historia, haciendo que los fondos del mar se degraden muy peligrosamente por tres grandes problemas: el calentamiento climático antropogénico, el consumo masivo de plásticos y la sobrepesca de especies fundamentales para el equilibrio marino como los tiburones. Laura Madrueño, además de periodista y presentadora de El Tiempo en Telecinco, es una defensora de los mares y en este libro relata sus aventuras como submarinista y documentalista marina, nos conciencia sobre la necesidad imperiosa de realizar un cambio consciente para cuidar nuestros fondos y nos da todas las herramientas para empezar a hacerlo, compartiendo su cuaderno de bitácora con magníficas fotografías e ilustraciones para darnos a conocer nuestro gran azul. Reseñas: «Duele y emociona leer este volumen de Laura Madrueño. Lo que hemos hecho con el planeta tierra es estremecedor... Lo que podemos hacer para cambiar las cosas es grandioso. Hagamos que sea posible».Pedro Piqueras «Si el mar se pudiera leer sería este libro. Laura nos sumerge en sus profundidades a través de cuidadas fotografías y dibujos que abruman por su belleza. Nos muestra su grandeza y nos lanza un grito de socorro».Sonsoles Ónega «Laura Madrueño no ha escrito un libro, ha creado un verdadero bautismo de mar en 3 inmersiones: la pasión de una vida, la emergencia de un planeta y la responsabilidad de cada cual. De esos libros que te cambian, amplían y profundizan en la percepción de las cosas. Después de leerlo, no mojarse ya no es opción».Risto Mejide
Somos la última generación que puede salvar el planeta
by Carlota Bruna Varias autorasSomos la última generación que puede salvar el mundo y a la que las futuras generaciones mirarán a los ojos y dirán: «Y tú, ¿qué hiciste?». Carlota Bruna prologa y edita este alegato a cinco voces a favor del medioambiente, porque sí que estamos a tiempo de salvar el planeta, pero no hay más tiempo que perder. Como tú, estas cinco autoras saben que nuestra generación tiene la última oportunidad para darle la vuelta a la historia y se han propuesto hacer todo lo que esté en su mano para conseguirlo. Ellas no van a quedarse mirando. ¿Y tú? Un manifiesto con las voces de:Carlota Bruna @carlotabruna (Barcelona, 1997), estudiante de Nutrición y Dietética, autora de Camino a un mundo vegano y activista por el medioambiente y por los derechos de los animales. Connie Isla @coisla (Buenos Aires, 1994), cantautora, actriz, autora y activista vegana a favor de los derechos de los animales. Monica Rosquillas @monicarosquillas (San Diego, 1986), bloguera de girlforacleanworld.com, aventurera y activista por la sostenibilidad ambiental, económica y social. Claudia Ayuso @claudiaayuso (Madrid, 1995), autora y activista, ha presentado una serie de ocho mini documentales para Greenpeace y es la host y productora de su podcast en inglés The Cheeky Revolution, co-fundadora de El Intercambio. Patricia Ramos @PatiRamosGlez (Madrid, 2000), estudiante de Medicina y portavoz en la Cumbre Juvenil sobre el Clima de Naciones Unidas. Mariana Matija @marianamatija (Medellín, 1984), diseñadora, autora, oradora en TEDxColombia y fundadora del colectivo ecologista Hola Eco.
Song for the Blue Ocean: Encounters Along the World's Coasts and Beneath the Seas
by Carl SafinaPart odyssey, part pilgrimage, this epic personal narrative follows the author's exploration of coasts, islands, reefs, and the sea's abyssal depths. Scientist and fisherman Carl Safina takes readers on a global journey of discovery, probing for truth about the world's changing seas, deftly weaving adventure, science, and political analysis.
The Songs of Trees: Stories from Nature's Great Connectors
by David George HaskellThe author of the Pulitzer Prize finalist The Forest Unseen visits with nature’s most magnificent networkers — trees “Here is a book to nourish the spirit. The Songs of Trees is a powerful argument against the ways in which humankind has severed the very biological networks that give us our place in the world. Listen as David Haskell takes his stethoscope to the heart of nature - and discover the poetry and music contained within.” -- Peter Wohlleben, author of The Hidden Life of TreesDavid Haskell’s award-winning The Forest Unseen won acclaim for eloquent writing and deep engagement with the natural world. Now, Haskell brings his powers of observation to the biological networks that surround all species, including humans. Haskell repeatedly visits a dozen trees around the world, exploring the trees’ connections with webs of fungi, bacterial communities, cooperative and destructive animals, and other plants. An Amazonian ceibo tree reveals the rich ecological turmoil of the tropical forest, along with threats from expanding oil fields. Thousands of miles away, the roots of a balsam fir in Canada survive in poor soil only with the help of fungal partners. These links are nearly two billion years old: the fir’s roots cling to rocks containing fossils of the first networked cells. By unearthing charcoal left by Ice Age humans and petrified redwoods in the Rocky Mountains, Haskell shows how the Earth’s climate has emerged from exchanges among trees, soil communities, and the atmosphere. Now humans have transformed these networks, powering our societies with wood, tending some forests, but destroying others. Haskell also attends to trees in places where humans seem to have subdued “nature” – a pear tree on a Manhattan sidewalk, an olive tree in Jerusalem, a Japanese bonsai– demonstrating that wildness permeates every location. Every living being is not only sustained by biological connections, but is made from these relationships. Haskell shows that this networked view of life enriches our understanding of biology, human nature, and ethics. When we listen to trees, nature’s great connectors, we learn how to inhabit the relationships that give life its source, substance, and beauty.
Sonic Engagement: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Community Engaged Audio Practice (Routledge Advances in Theatre & Performance Studies)
by Sarah Woodland Wolfgang VachonSonic Engagement examines the relationship between community engaged participatory arts and the cultural turn towards audio, sound, and listening that has been referred to as the 'sonic turn'. This edited collection investigates the use of sound and audio production in community engaged participatory arts practice and research. The popularity of podcast and audio drama, combined with the accessibility and portability of affordable field recording and home studio equipment, makes audio a compelling mode of participatory creative practice. This book maps existing projects occurring globally through a series of case study chapters that exemplify community engaged creative audio practice. The studies focus on audio and sound-based arts practices that are undertaken by artists and arts-led researchers in collaboration with (and from within) communities and groups. These practices include—applied audio drama, community engaged podcasting, sound and verbatim theatre, participatory sound art, community-led acoustic ecology, sound and media walks, digital storytelling, oral history and reminiscence, and radio drama in health and community development. The contributors interrogate the practical, political, and aesthetic potentialities of using sound and audio in community engaged arts practice, as well as its tensions and possibilities as an arts-led participatory research methodology. This book provides the first extensive analysis of what sound and audio brings to participatory, interdisciplinary, arts-led approaches, representing a vital resource for community arts, performance practice, and research in the digital age.
Sonora: Its Geographical Personality
by Robert C. WestThis cultural and historical geography of Sonora explores the region&’s dual personality—with modern life existing alongside its colonial past.A land where some streams ran with gold. A landscape nearly empty of inhabitants in the wake of Apache raids from the north. And a former desert transformed by irrigation into vast fields of wheat and cotton. This was and is the state of Sonora in northwest Mexico.Robert C. West explores the dual geographic "personality" of this part of Mexico's northern frontier. Utilizing the idea of "old" and "new" landscapes, he describes two Sonoras—to the east, a semiarid to subhumid mountainous region that reached its peak of development in the colonial era; and, to the west, a desert region that has become a major agricultural producer and the modern center of economic and cultural activity. After a description of the physical and biotic aspects of Sonora, West describes the aboriginal farming cultures that inhabited eastern Sonora before the Spanish conquest. He then traces the spread of Jesuit missions and Spanish mining and ranching communities. He charts the decline of eastern Sonora with the coming of Apache and Seri raids during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. And he shows how western Sonora became one of Mexico's most powerful political and economic entities in the twentieth century.
Sonora: Its Geographical Personality
by Robert C. WestThis cultural and historical geography of Sonora explores the region&’s dual personality—with modern life existing alongside its colonial past.A land where some streams ran with gold. A landscape nearly empty of inhabitants in the wake of Apache raids from the north. And a former desert transformed by irrigation into vast fields of wheat and cotton. This was and is the state of Sonora in northwest Mexico.Robert C. West explores the dual geographic "personality" of this part of Mexico's northern frontier. Utilizing the idea of "old" and "new" landscapes, he describes two Sonoras—to the east, a semiarid to subhumid mountainous region that reached its peak of development in the colonial era; and, to the west, a desert region that has become a major agricultural producer and the modern center of economic and cultural activity. After a description of the physical and biotic aspects of Sonora, West describes the aboriginal farming cultures that inhabited eastern Sonora before the Spanish conquest. He then traces the spread of Jesuit missions and Spanish mining and ranching communities. He charts the decline of eastern Sonora with the coming of Apache and Seri raids during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. And he shows how western Sonora became one of Mexico's most powerful political and economic entities in the twentieth century.
The Sons of Remus: Identity in Roman Gaul and Spain
by Andrew C. JohnstonHistories of Rome emphasize the ways the empire assimilated conquered societies, bringing civilization to “barbarians.” Yet these interpretations leave us with an incomplete understanding of the diverse cultures that flourished in the provinces. Andrew C. Johnston recaptures the identities, memories, and discourses of these variegated societies.
Sophisticated Electromagnetic Forward Scattering Solver via Deep Learning
by Qiang Ren Yinpeng Wang Yongzhong Li Shutong QiThis book investigates in detail the deep learning (DL) techniques in electromagnetic (EM) near-field scattering problems, assessing its potential to replace traditional numerical solvers in real-time forecast scenarios. Studies on EM scattering problems have attracted researchers in various fields, such as antenna design, geophysical exploration and remote sensing. Pursuing a holistic perspective, the book introduces the whole workflow in utilizing the DL framework to solve the scattering problems. To achieve precise approximation, medium-scale data sets are sufficient in training the proposed model. As a result, the fully trained framework can realize three orders of magnitude faster than the conventional FDFD solver. It is worth noting that the 2D and 3D scatterers in the scheme can be either lossless medium or metal, allowing the model to be more applicable. This book is intended for graduate students who are interested in deep learning with computational electromagnetics, professional practitioners working on EM scattering, or other corresponding researchers.
SOS: What you can do to reduce climate change – simple actions that make a difference
by Seth Wynes'The most effective ways for individuals to reduce their carbon footprint' INewsClimate Change researcher, Seth Wynes, sets out in the simplest terms how you can make a real and positive impact.Make changes at home, at work, to how you shop, eat, live - start by finding one thing your family can change with this book and do it today. What you do matters - and the science proves it. How many actions can you tick of the list in this book to help save our planet?
The Soul of a Rhino: A Nepali Adventure with Kings and Elephant Drivers, Billionaires and Bureaucrats, Shamans and Scientists and the Indian Rhinoceros
by Hemanta Mishra Jim OttawayThis is a story of a Nepalese who has spent his entire life devoted to the conservation of an endangered species.
The Sound of Mountain Water
by Wallace StegnerA book of timeless importance about the American West by a National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize-winning author. Wallace Stegner's essays collected in this volume encompass memoir, nature conservation, history, geography, and literature. Stegner's writing about the West, especially in the wake of the post-World War II boom when much of the Rocky Mountan West--Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, and Nevada--was thrust into the modern age retain their sense of immediacy.Writtten over a period of thirty-five years by a writer and thinker who will always hold a unique position in modern American letters, The Sound of Mountain Water is a modern American classic.
The Sound of the Sea: Seashells And The Fate Of The Oceans
by Cynthia BarnettA compelling history of seashells and the animals that make them, revealing what they have to tell us about nature, our changing oceans, and ourselves. Seashells have been the most coveted and collected of nature’s creations since the dawn of humanity. They were money before coins, jewelry before gems, art before canvas. In The Sound of the Sea, acclaimed environmental author Cynthia Barnett blends cultural history and science to trace our long love affair with seashells and the hidden lives of the mollusks that make them. Spiraling out from the great cities of shell that once rose in North America to the warming waters of the Maldives and the slave castles of Ghana, Barnett has created an unforgettable account of the world’s most iconic seashells. She begins with their childhood wonder, unwinds surprising histories like the origin of Shell Oil as a family business importing exotic shells, and charts what shells and the soft animals that build them are telling scientists about our warming, acidifying seas. From the eerie calls of early shell trumpets to the evolutionary miracle of spines and spires and the modern science of carbon capture inspired by shell, Barnett circles to her central point of listening to nature’s wisdom—and acting on what seashells have to say about taking care of each other and our world.
Sound Scattering on Spherical Objects
by Tom RotherThis book introduces readers to scattering from a practical/numerical point of view. The focus is on basic aspects like single scattering, multiple scattering, and whether inhomogeneous boundary conditions or inhomogeneous scatterers have to be taken into account. The powerful T-matrix approach is explained in detail and used throughout the book, and iterative solution methods are discussed. In addition, the book addresses appropriate criteria for estimating the accuracy of numerical results, as well as their importance for practical applications. Python code is provided with each chapter, and can be freely used and modified by readers. Moreover, numerous scattering results for different configurations are provided for benchmarking purposes. The book will be particularly valuable for those readers who plan to develop their own scattering code, and wish to test the correct numerical implementation of the underlying mathematics.
Sound, Society and the Geography of Popular Music
by Thomas L. BellPopular music is a cultural form much rooted in space and place. This book interprets the meaning of music from a spatial perspective and, in doing so it furthers our understanding of broader social relations and trends, including identity, attachment to place, cultural economies, social activism and politics. The book's editors have brought together a team of scholars to discuss the latest innovative thinking on music and its geographies, illustrated with a fascinating range of case studies from the USA, Canada, the Caribbean, Australia and Great Britain.
Sound Tracks: Popular Music Identity and Place (Critical Geographies)
by Chris Gibson John ConnellSound Tracks is the first comprehensive book on the new geography of popular music, examining the complex links between places, music and cultural identities. It provides an interdisciplinary perspective on local, national and global scenes, from the 'Mersey' and 'Icelandic' sounds to 'world music', and explores the diverse meanings of music in a range of regional contexts.In a world of intensified globalisation, links between space, music and identity are increasingly tenuous, yet places give credibility to music, not least in the 'country', and music is commonly linked to place, as a stake to originality, a claim to tradition and as a marketing device. This book develops new perspectives on these relationships and how they are situated within cultural and geographical thought.
The Sounding of the Whale: Science and Cetaceans in the Twentieth Century
by D. Graham Burnett&“This wonderful book documents the interplays among science, conservation and politics in the evolving career of the whale over the last century.&” —William Perrin, Senior Scientist for Marine Mammals at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries Service From biblical times, whales have breached in the human imagination as looming figures of terror, power, confusion, and mystery. In the twentieth century, however, our understanding of and relationship to these superlatives of creation underwent some astonishing changes, and with The Sounding of the Whale, D. Graham Burnett tells the fascinating story of the transformation of cetaceans from grotesque monsters, useful only as wallowing kegs of fat and fertilizer, to playful friends of humanity, bellwethers of environmental devastation, and, finally, totems of the counterculture in the Age of Aquarius. When Burnett opens his story, ignorance reigns: even Nature was misclassifying whales at the turn of the century, and the only biological study of the species was happening in gruesome Arctic slaughterhouses. But in the aftermath of World War I, an international effort to bring rational regulations to the whaling industry led to an explosion of global research—and regulations that, while well-meaning, were quashed, or widely flouted, by whaling nations, the first shot in a battle that continues to this day. The book closes with a look at the remarkable shift in public attitudes toward whales that began in the 1960s, as environmental concerns and new discoveries about whale behavior combined to make whales an object of sentimental concern and public adulation. A sweeping history, grounded in nearly a decade of research, The Sounding of the Whale tells a remarkable story of how science, politics, and simple human wonder intertwined to transform the way we see these behemoths from below.
Soundings: The Story of the Remarkable Woman Who Mapped the Ocean Floor
by Hali Felt“A fascinating account of a woman working without much recognition . . . to map the ocean floor and change the course of ocean science.” —San Francisco ChronicleSoundings is the story of the enigmatic woman behind one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century. Before Marie Tharp, geologist and gifted draftsperson, the whole world, including most of the scientific community, thought the ocean floor was a vast expanse of nothingness. In 1948, at age 28, Marie walked into the geophysical lab at Columbia University and practically demanded a job. The scientists at the lab were all male. Through sheer willpower and obstinacy, Marie was given the job of interpreting the soundings (records of sonar pings measuring the ocean’s depths) brought back from the ocean-going expeditions of her male colleagues. The marriage of artistry and science behind her analysis of this dry data gave birth to a major work: the first comprehensive map of the ocean floor, which laid the groundwork for proving the then-controversial theory of continental drift.Marie’s scientific knowledge, her eye for detail and her skill as an artist revealed not a vast empty plane, but an entire world of mountains and volcanoes, ridges and rifts, and a gateway to the past that allowed scientists the means to imagine how the continents and the oceans had been created over time.Hali Felt brings to vivid life the story of the pioneering scientist whose work became the basis for the work of others scientists for generations to come.“Felt’s enthusiasm for Tharp reaches the page, revealing Tharp, who died in 2006, to be a strong-willed woman living according to her own rules.” —The Washington Post
The Sounds of Life: How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants
by Karen BakkerAn amazing journey into the hidden realm of nature&’s soundsThe natural world teems with remarkable conversations, many beyond human hearing range. Scientists are using groundbreaking digital technologies to uncover these astonishing sounds, revealing vibrant communication among our fellow creatures across the Tree of Life.At once meditative and scientific, The Sounds of Life shares fascinating and surprising stories of nonhuman sound, interweaving insights from technological innovation and traditional knowledge. We meet scientists using sound to protect and regenerate endangered species from the Great Barrier Reef to the Arctic and the Amazon. We discover the shocking impacts of noise pollution on both animals and plants. We learn how artificial intelligence can decode nonhuman sounds, and meet the researchers building dictionaries in East African Elephant and Sperm Whalish. At the frontiers of innovation, we explore digitally mediated dialogues with bats and honeybees. Technology often distracts us from nature, but what if it could reconnect us instead?The Sounds of Life offers hope for environmental conservation and affirms humanity&’s relationship with nature in the digital age. After learning about the unsuspected wonders of nature&’s sounds, we will never see walks outdoors in the same way again.
Sounds Wild and Broken: Sonic Marvels, Evolution's Creativity, and the Crisis of Sensory Extinction
by David George Haskell&“A symphony, filled with the music of life.&” —Elizabeth Kolbert, author of The Sixth ExtinctionA lyrical exploration of the diverse sounds of our planet, the creative processes that produced these marvels, and the perils that sonic diversity now facesWe live on a planet alive with song, music, and speech. David Haskell explores how these wonders came to be. In rain forests shimmering with insect sound and swamps pulsing with frog calls we learn about evolution&’s creative powers. From birds in the Rocky Mountains and on the streets of Paris, we discover how animals learn their songs and adapt to new environments. Below the waves, we hear our kinship to beings as different as snapping shrimp, toadfish, and whales. In the startlingly divergent sonic vibes of the animals of different continents, we experience the legacies of plate tectonics, the deep history of animal groups and their movements around the world, and the quirks of aesthetic evolution. Starting with the origins of animal song and traversing the whole arc of Earth history, Haskell illuminates and celebrates the emergence of the varied sounds of our world. In mammoth ivory flutes from Paleolithic caves, violins in modern concert halls, and electronic music in earbuds, we learn that human music and language belong within this story of ecology and evolution. Yet we are also destroyers, now silencing or smothering many of the sounds of the living Earth. Haskell takes us to threatened forests, noise-filled oceans, and loud city streets, and shows that sonic crises are not mere losses of sensory ornament. Sound is a generative force, and so the erasure of sonic diversity makes the world less creative, just, and beautiful. The appreciation of the beauty and brokenness of sound is therefore an important guide in today&’s convulsions and crises of change and inequity. Sounds Wild and Broken is an invitation to listen, wonder, belong, and act.
Source Mechanisms of Earthquakes: Theory and Practice
by Agustín Udías Raúl Madariaga Elisa Buforn Agustín Udías Raúl MadariagaThis book presents an innovative new approach to studying source mechanisms of earthquakes, combining theory and observation in a unified methodology, with a key focus on the mechanics governing fault failures. It explains source mechanisms by building from fundamental concepts such as the equations of elasticity theory to more advanced problems including dislocation theory, kinematic models and fracture dynamics. The theory is presented first in student-friendly form using consistent notation throughout, and with full, detailed mathematical derivations that enable students to follow each step. Later chapters explain the widely-used practical modelling methods for source mechanism determination, linking clearly to the theoretical foundations, and highlighting the processing of digital seismological data. Providing a unique balance between application techniques and theory, this is an ideal guide for graduate students and researchers in seismology, tectonophysics, geodynamics and geomechanics, and a valuable practical resource for professionals working in seismic hazard assessment and seismic engineering.
Source-to-Sink Fluxes in Undisturbed Cold Environments
by Beylich, Achim A. and Dixon, John C. and Zwoliński, Zbigniew Achim A. Beylich John C. Dixon Zbigniew ZwolińskiAmplified climate change and ecological sensitivity of polar and cold climate environments are key global environment issues. Understanding how projected climate change will alter surface environments in these regions is only possible when present day source-to-sink fluxes can be quantified. The book provides the first global synthesis and integrated analysis of environmental drivers and quantitative rates of solute and sedimentary fluxes in cold environments, and the likely impact of projected climate change. The focus on largely undisturbed cold environments allows ongoing climate change effects to be detected and, moreover, distinguished from anthropogenic impacts. A novel approach for co-ordinated and integrative process geomorphic research is introduced to enable better comparison between studies. This highly topical and multidisciplinary book, which includes case studies covering Arctic, Antarctic, and alpine environments, will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the fields of geomorphology, sedimentology and global environmental change.
Sources and Transport of Inorganic Carbon in the Unsaturated Zone of Karst
by Simone MilanoloThis book combines field, laboratory and modelling methods to identify, characterize and quantify sources and fluxes within and between the different compartments: water, rock and air. Inorganic carbon plays an important role in shaping karst features. In the unsaturated zone, the percolating water consumes soil-derived carbon dioxide while dissolving carbonate bedrock and then releases it again while degassing and precipitating calcite in caves. A portion of the released CO2 is returned to the atmosphere through the natural ventilation of caves. This book is an important reference source for all those interested in the global carbon budget, karst geochemistry, cave climate and paleoclimate studies using cave speleothem as proxies.
Sources of Uncertainty in the Tropical Pacific Warming Pattern under Global Warming Projected by Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models (Springer Theses)
by Jun YingThis book discusses the sources of uncertainty in future model projections of the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern under global warming. It mainly focuses on cloud radiation feedback and ocean dynamical effect, which reveal to be the two greatest sources of uncertainty in the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern. Moreover, the book presents a correction for model projections of the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern based on the concept of “observational constraints”; the corrected projection exhibits a more El Niño-like warming pattern.