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Structural Characterisation of Natural and Industrial Porous Materials: A Manual
by Sean Patrick RigbyThis book focuses on structural characterisation techniques for porous materials. Covering a range of techniques, including gas sorption, mercury porosimetry, thermoporometry, NMR and imaging methods, this practical guide presents the basic theory behind each characterisation technique, and discusses the practicalities of the experimental and data analysis approaches needed for complex industrial samples. The book shows readers how to approach characterising a particular sort of material for the first time and then how to develop a strategy for more in-depth analysis. It also demonstrates how to determine the best techniques for solving particular problems, and describes methods of obtaining the required information, as well as the limitations of various methods. It particularly highlights a scientific approach involving parameter validation and simple acquisition. Featuring examples taken from case studies of real-world industrial materials, this book is intended for industrial practitioners and researchers. It provides a manual of potential techniques and answers questions concerning porous materials that arise in areas such as the catalyst industry, the oil and gas sector, batteries, fuel cells, tissue engineering scaffolds and drug delivery devices.
Structural Dynamics in Earthquake and Blast Resistant Design
by BK Raghu PrasadFocusing on the fundamentals of structural dynamics required for earthquake blast resistant design, Structural Dynamics in Earthquake and Blast Resistant Design initiates a new approach of blending a little theory with a little practical design in order to bridge this unfriendly gap, thus making the book more structural engineer-friendly. This is attempted by introducing the equations of motion followed by free and forced vibrations of SDF and MDF systems, D’Alembert’s principle, Duhammel’s integral, relevant impulse, pulse and sinusoidal inputs, and, most importantly, support motion and triangular pulse input required in earthquake and blast resistant designs, respectively. Responses of multistorey buildings subjected to earthquake ground motion by a well-known mode superposition technique are explained. Examples of real-size structures as they are being designed and constructed using the popular ETABS and STAAD are shown. Problems encountered in such designs while following the relevant codes of practice like IS 1893 2016 due to architectural constraints are highlighted. A very difficult constraint is in avoiding torsional modes in fundamental and first three modes, the inability to get enough mass participation, and several others. In blast resistant design the constraint is to model the blast effects on basement storeys (below ground level). The problem is in obtaining the attenuation due to the soil. Examples of inelastic hysteretic systems where top soft storey plays an important role in expending the input energy, provided it is not below a stiffer storey (as also required by IS 1893 2016), and inelastic torsional response of structures asymmetric in plan are illustrated in great detail. In both cases the concept of ductility is explained in detail. Results of response spectrum analyses of tall buildings asymmetric in plan constructed in Bengaluru using ETABS are mentioned. Application of capacity spectrum is explained and illustrated using ETABS for a tall building. Research output of retrofitting techniques is mentioned. Response spectrum analysis using PYTHON is illustrated with the hope that it could be a less expensive approach as it is an open source code. A new approach of creating a fictitious (imaginary) boundary to obtain blast loads on below-ground structures devised by the author is presented with an example. Aimed at senior undergraduates and graduates in civil engineering, earthquake engineering and structural engineering, this book: Explains in a simple manner the fundamentals of structural dynamics pertaining to earthquake and blast resistant designIllustrates seismic resistant designs such as ductile design philosophy and limit state design with the use of capacity spectrumDiscusses frequency domain analysis and Laplace transform approach in detailExplains solutions of building frames using software like ETABS and STAADCovers numerical simulation using a well-known open source tool PYTHON
Structural Dynamics with Applications in Earthquake and Wind Engineering
by Konstantin Meskouris Christoph Butenweg Klaus-G. Hinzen Rüdiger HöfferThis book offers a comprehensive introduction to the theory of structural dynamics, highlighting practical issues and illustrating applications with a large number of worked out examples. In the spirit of “learning by doing” it encourages readers to apply immediately these methods by means of the software provided, allowing them to become familiar with the broad field of structural dynamics in the process.The book is primarily focused on practical applications. Earthquake resistant design is presented in a holistic manner, discussing both the underlying geophysical concepts and the latest engineering design methods and illustrated by fully worked out examples based on the newest structural codes. The spectral characteristics of turbulent wind processes and the main analysis methods in the field of structural oscillations due to wind gusts and vortex shedding are also discussed and applications illustrated by realistic examples of slender chimney structures. The user‐friendly software employed is downloadable and can be readily used by readers to tackle their own problems.
Structural Economics: Measuring Change in Technology, Lifestyles, and the Environment
by Faye DuchinIn all societies, the main causes of environmental degradation are resource extraction and the generation of waste by households and industries. Realistic strategies for mitigating these impacts require an understanding of both the technologies by which resources are transformed into products, and the lifestyle choices that shape household use of such products.Structural Economics provides a framework for developing and evaluating such strategies. It represents an important new approach to describing household lifestyles and technological choices, the relationships between them, and their impact on resource use and waste. In this volume, economist Faye Duchin provides for the first time an authoritative and comprehensive introduction to the field, including its social and technological dimensions.Duchin's primary achievement is integrating a qualitatively rich understanding of technologies and lifestyles into a flexible, quantitative framework grounded in established principles of input-output economics and social accounting. She uses tools and insights from areas as diverse as demography and market research to conceptualize and describe different categories of households and their lifestyles. She also draws on the expertise of engineers and physical scientists to examine the potential for technological change. The framework Duchin develops permits the rigorous and detailed analysis of specific scenarios for alternative technologies and changes in lifestyle.The new field of structural economics represents an important step forward in the effort to apply the power of science to solving the problems of modern societies. This book should prove invaluable to students and scholars of economics, sociology, or anthropology, as well as environmental scientists, policymakers at all levels, and anyone concerned with a practical interpretation of the elusive concept of sustainable development.
Structural Equation Models: From Paths to Networks (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #22)
by J. Christopher WestlandThis new edition surveys the full range of available structural equation modeling (SEM) methodologies. The book has been updated throughout to reflect the arrival of new software packages, which have made analysis much easier than in the past. Applications in a broad range of disciplines are discussed, particularly in the social sciences where many key concepts are not directly observable. This book presents SEM’s development in its proper historical context–essential to understanding the application, strengths and weaknesses of each particular method. This book also surveys the emerging path and network approaches that complement and enhance SEM, and that are growing in importance. SEM’s ability to accommodate unobservable theory constructs through latent variables is of significant importance to social scientists. Latent variable theory and application are comprehensively explained and methods are presented for extending their power, including guidelines for data preparation, sample size calculation and the special treatment of Likert scale data. Tables of software, methodologies and fit statistics provide a concise reference for any research program, helping assure that its conclusions are defensible and publishable.
Structural Geological Atlas
by Soumyajit Mukherjee Aditya Joshi Achyuta Ayan Misra Narayan Bose Rajkumar Ghosh Dripta Dutta Mohit Kumar Swagato Dasgupta Tuhin Biswas Manoj A. LimayeThis book presents more than 600 eye-catching structural geological photographs and explanatory descriptions, from different Indian terrains. This book will enable easy identification of deformation features, one of the most important tasks in structural geology at the meso- and micro-scales. The book focuses on ductile and brittle shear sense indicators. This book suits for the undergraduate and graduate geoscience students. The book will be of considerable interest to tectonicians and structural geologists, given the enormous international importance of Indian terrains for exploration and other purposes.
Structural Geology (Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment)
by A.R. BhattacharyaThis textbook is a complete, up-to-date, and highly illustrated account of Structural Geology for students and professionals, and includes fundamentals of the subject with field and practical aspects. The book aims to be highly reader-friendly, containing simple language and brief introductions and summaries for each topic presented, and can be used both to refresh overall knowledge of the subject as well as to develop models for engineering projects in any area or region. The book is presented in 20 chapters and divided into 3 parts: (A) Fundamental Concepts, (B) Structures: Geometry and Genesis, and (C) Wider Perspectives. For the first time as full chapters in a textbook, the book discusses several modern field-related applications in Structural Geology, including shear-sense indicators, and deformation and metamorphism. Also uniquely included are colored photographs, side by side with line diagrams, of key deformation structures not seen in other books before now. Boxes in each chapter expand the horizons of the reader on the subject matter of the chapter. Questions at the end of each chapter, and detailed significance of the key structures, provide a better grasping to students. Glossary at the end of the book is a refreshing aspect for the readers. Though written primarily for undergraduate and graduate students, the text will also be of use to specialists and practitioners in engineering geology, petrology (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic), economic geology, groundwater geology, petroleum geology, and geophysics, and will appeal to beginners with no preliminary knowledge of the subject.
Structural Geology
by Haakon FossenLavishly illustrated in color, this textbook takes an applied approach to introduce undergraduate students to the basic principles of structural geology. The book provides unique links to industry applications in the upper crust, including petroleum and groundwater geology, which highlight the importance of structural geology in exploration and exploitation of petroleum and water resources. Topics range from faults and fractures forming near the surface to shear zones and folds of the deep crust. Students are engaged through examples and parallels drawn from practical everyday situations, enabling them to connect theory with practice. Containing numerous end-of-chapter problems, e-learning modules, and with stunning field photos and illustrations, this book provides the ultimate learning experience for all students of structural geology.
Structural Geology
by Donal M. RaganThis combination of text and lab book presents an entirely different approach to structural geology. Designed for undergraduate laboratory classes, it provides a step-by-step guide for solving geometric problems arising from structural field observations. The book discusses both traditional methods and cutting-edge approaches, with emphasis given to graphical methods and visualization techniques that support students in tackling challenging two- and three-dimensional problems. Numerous exercises encourage practice in using the techniques, and demonstrate how field observations can be converted into useful information about geological structures and the processes responsible for creating them. This updated fourth edition incorporates new material on stress, deformation, strain and flow, and the underlying mathematics of the subject. With stereonet plots and solutions to the exercises available online at www. cambridge. org/ragan, this book is a key resource for undergraduates, advanced students and researchers wanting to improve their practical skills in structural geology.
Structural Geology
by Robert J. Twiss Eldridge M. MooresStructural Geology broke new ground by offering a comprehensive, richly illustrated survey of the evolution of the earth’s outer layers, presented within the unifying context of structural and plate tectonics. Now this highly regarded text returns, in thoroughly updated new edition designed to show students how geologists interpret deformations in the earth’s crust as clues to the processes that are continually recasting the planet.
Structural Geology Algorithms
by Richard W. Allmendinger Donald M. Fisher Nestor CardozoState-of-the-art analysis of geological structures has become increasingly quantitative but traditionally, graphical methods are used in teaching. This innovative lab book provides a unified methodology for problem-solving in structural geology using linear algebra and computation. Assuming only limited mathematical training, the book begins with classic orientation problems and progresses to more fundamental topics of stress, strain and error propagation. It introduces linear algebra methods as the foundation for understanding vectors and tensors, and demonstrates the application of geometry and kinematics in geoscience without requiring students to take a supplementary mathematics course. All algorithms are illustrated with a suite of online MATLAB functions, allowing users to modify the code to solve their own structural problems. Containing 20 worked examples and over 60 exercises, this is the ideal lab book for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students. It will also provide professional structural geologists with a valuable reference and refresher for calculations.
Structural Geology and Geomechanics: Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress, Volume 14
by YADONG ZHENG, G.A. DAVIS AND AN YINThe 30th International Geological Congress was held in Beijing, China in August 1997. Leading scientists convened to present their findings and views to the international geological research community. Volume 14 of 26 focuses on structural geology and geomechanics. All articles in the proceedings have been refereed and keynote papers have been included in Volume 1. These proceedings aim to present a view of contemporary geology and should be of interest to researchers in the geological sciences.
Structural Geology and Tectonics Field Guidebook — Volume 1 (Springer Geology)
by Soumyajit MukherjeeThis book helps a novice to explore the terrain independently. Geoscience fieldwork with a focus on structural geology and tectonics has become more important in the last few years from both academic and industrial perspectives. This book also works as a resource material for batches of students or geological survey professional undergoing training as parts of their course curriculum. Industry persons, on the other hand, can get a first-hand idea about what to expect in the field, in case no academic person is available with the team. This book focused on structural geology and tectonics compiles for the very first time terrains from several regions of the globe.
Structural Geology and Tectonics Field Guidebook—Volume 2 (Springer Geology)
by Soumyajit MukherjeeThis book is the second volume of an edited work aiming to help novice geologists to explore terrains independently. Geoscience fieldwork with focus on structural geology and tectonics has become more important in the last few years from both academic and industrial perspectives. This book also works as a resource material for batches of students or geological survey professionals undergoing training as parts of their course curriculum/training. Industry persons, on the other hand, can get a first-hand idea about what to expect in the field, in case no academic persons are available with the team. This book focuses on structural geology and tectonics and compiles terrains from several regions of the globe. This book also includes field guide chapters for primary sedimentary structures.
Structural Geology Of Rocks And Regions
by George H. Davis Stephen J. Reynolds Charles F. KluthRelates the physical and geometric elegance of geologic structures within the Earth's crust and the ways in which these structures reflect the nature and origin of crystal deformation through time. The main thrust is on applications in regional tectonics, exploration geology, active tectonics and geohydrology. Techniques, experiments, and calculations are described in detail, with the purpose of offering active participation and discovery through laboratory and field work.
Structural Geomorphology in Northeastern Brazil (SpringerBriefs in Latin American Studies)
by Rubson Maia Francisco BezerraThis book presents the characteristics and limitations of geological units, Cenozoic and geochronological concepts. It studies landscape aspects developed from research in areas with proved Cenozoic tectonic activity, such as the Potiguar basin, located between the states of Ceara and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. The analytical focus involves the relationship between tectonics and landscapes in different scales, in hills or karsts, or regional, in basins, and massifs.
Structural Restoration of Masonry Monuments: Arches, Domes and Walls
by George G. Penelis Gregory G. PenelisHistoric structures need to be restored in line with international guidance and charters developed by architects and archaeologists, but technical understanding of structural engineering and materials is crucial, particularly with respect to response to earthquake loading. This guide to structural assessment and restoration of masonry monuments and historical buildings outlines the techniques, materials and design procedures used. It begins with principles, theory and practice and then presents case studies. The assessment focusses on Building materials and construction techniques used in the past The mechanics of masonry The structural behaviour of masonry monuments and historical buildings In-situ investigation and laboratory tests for existing and restoration materials. The restoration elaborates on Techniques and materials available for structural restoration Structural analysis and design Deciding on the restoration scheme Emergency measures and protective measures.
Structural Safety and Ground Improvement on Bridge: Proceedings of 2024 8th International Conference on Civil Architecture and Structural Engineering (Sustainable Civil Infrastructures)
by Bingxiang Yuan Hüseyin Bilgin Qingzi Luo Zejun Han Xueqiang YangThis book provides readers with the most advanced research on bridge engineering structures and high performance concrete applications in China. Bridges as an important part of transportation facilities, its structural design and safety has been more concerned about the content. Especially in modern times, because of the needs of human travel and urban development, the structure of the bridge has also seen many innovations. However, there are consequent concerns about structural safety and stability in whole-life use. China, as the country with the largest increase in bridge construction in recent years, has shown many famous bridge projects to the world. These include the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB), which spans Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, the Zhang Jinggao Yangtze River Bridge in Jiangsu province, a suspension bridge with a length of more than 2,000 meters, and the Beipanjiang Railway Cable-stayed Bridge, which has the highest vertical distance from the ground of 565 meters, to name a few. In the face of complex terrain and geological conditions, Chinese bridge engineers have conducted many researches and applied to various engineering cases to finalize the construction of various bridge projects. Therefore, Chinese engineers and scholars have accumulated a lot of construction experience and research results. And we believe that these experiences and results are valuable and effective for the world bridge engineering field. The book gathers selected papers in 2024 8th International Conference on Civil Architecture and Structural Engineering, focuses on structural safety and high-performance concrete in bridges. We hope to share with bridge engineers around the world the latest experiences in bridge construction and structural safety from China, as well as the research and exploration of the application of high-performance concrete in bridge stability.
Structural Seismic and Civil Engineering Research: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Structural Seismic and Civil Engineering Research (ICSSCER 2022), Qingdao, China, 21-23 October 2022
by Ankit Garg Bingxiang Yuan Yu ZhangStructural Seismic and Civil Engineering focuses on civil engineering research, anti-seismic technology and engineering structure. These proceedings gather the most cutting-edge research and achievements, aiming to provide scholars and engineers with preferable research directions and engineering solutions as reference. Subjects in these proceedings include: Engineering Structure Materials of Civil Engineering Structural Seismic Resistance Monitoring and Testing The works in these proceedings aim to promote the development of civil engineering and earthquake engineering. Thereby, promoting scientific information interchange between scholars from top universities, research centers and high-tech enterprises working all around the world.
Structural Stability and Vibration
by Sine Leergaard Wiggers Pauli PedersenThis book offers an integrated introduction to the topic of stability and vibration. Strikingly, it describes stability as a function of boundary conditions and eigenfrequency as a function of both boundary conditions and column force. Based on a post graduate course held by the author at the University of Southern Denmark, it reports on fundamental formulas and makes uses of graphical representation to promote understanding. Thanks to the emphasis put on analytical methods and numerical results, the book is meant to make students and engineers familiar with all fundamental equations and their derivation, thus stimulating them to write interactive and dynamic programs to analyze instability and vibrational modes.
Structural Transformation and Rural Change Revisited
by Bruno Losch Sandrine Fréguin-Gresh Eric Thomas WhiteThis book makes a compelling case for reintegrating structural issues into agricultural and rural development policies, which have for the last 30 years over-focused on short-term issues. It shows how the liberalisation of agriculture in many late developing countries has not in fact led to the development of the vibrant rural non-farm economy, nor has it led to a large-scale integration of agricultural producers into the global economy. Despite these findings, the book draws optimistic conclusions: there are a clear set of policy priorities that, if adapted to individual country contexts, can facilitate an enduring and productive rural transformation. The book is based on an in-depth seven-country study that surveyed 8,000 rural households. It specifically focuses on these households' activity and income structures in an evolving agricultural context marked by liberalisation and trends of increasing economic integration. In doing so it reviews the very different levels (and trajectories) of rural diversification among countries at various stages in the structural transformation process. Based on its investigation of existing rural realities, the book suggests several policy orientations. These include a clear need to focus on staples and family agriculture, to engage in targeted development strategies at the regional level, and to pursue a policy of 'territorial development' that promotes strong rural-urban linkages at the level of rural localities, towns and districts.
Structural Transformation and Sustainable Development in the Global South: An Integrated Approach (Routledge Explorations in Development Studies)
by Seung Jin BaekThis book investigates the relationship between sustainable development and structural transformation within international development policy. On the one hand, sustainable development is promoted as a multi-dimensional concept for achieving environmentally and socially responsible change. On the other hand, structural transformation refers to a sustained period of growth in living standards and incomes that brings sectoral change. For some, these two objectives seem at odds with each other, but this book argues that incorporating environmental initiatives into structural transformation goals in lower-income countries actually results in better results than strategies prioritising economic growth. Drawing on extensive structural equation modelling and original analysis, the book presents an innovative inclusive sustainable development framework to demonstrate the benefits of a more integrated approach to development planning, aiming for structural transformation in line with inclusive sustainable development principles. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of global development, and to policymakers within government and development organizations.
Structural Geometry of Mobile Belts of the Indian Subcontinent (Society of Earth Scientists Series)
by Tapas Kumar Biswal Sumit Kumar Ray Bernhard GrasemannThis book summarizes the latest research on the structural geology of the mobile belts of the Indian subcontinent including the Himalayas, NE Himalayas, Bangladesh thrust belt, Andaman subduction zone, the Aravalli‐Delhi, the Central India Tectonic Zone, the Singhbhum, the Eastern Ghats and the Southern granulite terrane. It offers essential information on deformational structures in the mobile belt, such as folding patterns, the character of the shear zone, shear strain analysis, and faults, as well as fault zone rocks. The findings presented here are based on field observations, mapping, sampling and analysis work (e.g. petrographic studies), as well as limited geochemical and geochronological analysis to support the findings. A discussion on the structural evolution of these mobile belts and their connections with other belts rounds out the coverage.
The Structure and Dynamics of Human Ecosystems: Toward a Model for Understanding and Action
by Gary E. Machlis Jo Ellen Force William R. BurchA landmark book that strives to provide both grand theory and practical application, innovatively describing the structure and dynamics of human ecosystems As the world faces ever more complex and demanding environmental and social challenges, the need for interdisciplinary models and practical guidance becomes acute. The Human Ecosystem Model described in this landmark book provides an innovative response. Broad in scope, detailed in method, at once theoretical and applied, this grand study offers an in-depth understanding of human ecosystems and tools for action. The authors draw from Goethe’s Faust, classic anthropology and sociology studies, contemporary ecosystem ecology, Buddhist ethics, and more to create a paradigm-shifting model and a major advance in interdisciplinary ecology.
Structure and Dynamics of the Earth's Interior 1: Dynamics of the Earth's Mantle (ISTE Invoiced)
by Julien MonteuxThe silicate mantle and its dynamics have controlled the Earth's internal cooling for over four billion years. Today, these dynamics are rather slow, but this was not always the case: shortly after the core/mantle separation, this reservoir was significantly melted, with dynamics like those of a magma ocean. Despite advances in analytical and numerical tools and a better understanding of the Earth’s internal structure, the Earth's mantle currently remains a mystery. Structure and Dynamics of the Earth's Interior 1 presents the evolution of mantle dynamics throughout Earth’s history, from its formation to the present day. It examines the contributions of numerical modeling, as well as the seismological, petrological and geochemical data used to constrain dynamic models. Finally, the book analyzes the manifestations of mantle dynamics in terms of surface cooling, volcanism and coupling with the atmosphere.