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Surface-Functionalized Ceramics: For Biotechnological and Environmental Applications
by Laura Treccani Fabian MederSurface-Functionalized Ceramics Focused coverage of making and using functional ceramic materials for a wide variety of scientific and technical applications Surface-Functionalized Ceramics provides a comprehensive overview of surface functionalization approaches for ceramic materials, including alumina, zirconia, titania, and silica, and their uses as sensors, chemical, and biological probes, chromatographic supports for (bio)molecule purification and analysis, and adsorbents for toxic substances and pollutants. Overall, the text provides a broad picture of the enormous possibilities offered by surface functionalization and addresses the current challenges regarding surface analysis, characterization, and stability. As a well-rounded resource, the text points out opportunities of surface-functionalized ceramics, their issues such as achieving surface stability and complex analysis, and how to counter them. Edited by two experts in the field of advanced materials surfaces, Surface-Functionalized Ceramics covers topics such as: Processing methods for advanced ceramics, surface modification of ceramic materials, and methods for electrokinetic surface characteristics Surface imaging and chemical surface analysis using atomic force microscopy Surface chemical analysis and ceramic-enhanced analytics Biological and living matter-surface interactions including protein adsorption mechanisms as well as bacteria behavior in terms of biofilm formation and prevention for antibacterial applications Mesoporous silica and organosilica biosensors for water quality and environmental monitoring, plus ceramic-based adsorbents in bioproduct recovery and purification For professionals, researchers, and academics in the fields of materials science, biotechnology, biotechnological industry, environmental sciences, and ceramics industry, Surface-Functionalized Ceramics is a one-stop reference on the subject that provides different approaches to obtain surfaces of ceramic materials that perform desired functions.
Surface Mining Machines
by Eugeniusz Rusiński Jerzy Czmochowski Przemysław Moczko Damian PietrusiakThis unique volume imparts practical information on the operation, maintenance, and modernization of heavy performance machines such as lignite mine machines, bucket wheel excavators, and spreaders. Problems of large scale machines (mega machines) are highly specific and not well recognized in the common mechanical engineering environment. Prof. Rusiński and his co-authors identify solutions that increase the durability of these machines as well as discuss methods of failure analysis and technical condition assessment procedures. "Surface Mining Machines: Problems in Maintenance and Modernization" stands as a much-needed guidebook for engineers facing the particular challenges of heavy performance machines and offers a distinct and interesting demonstration of scale-up issues for researchers and scientists from across the fields of machine design and mechanical engineering.
Surface Mining Technology (Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering)
by Mostafa Mohamed Ali Elbeblawi Hassan Ali Abdelhak Elsaghier Mostafa Tantawy Mohamed Amin Wael Rashad Elrawy AbdellahThis book gives a brief history and a general overview of the state of surface mining technology with topics ranging from the principles to surface mining methods, systems, and pit planning design. It starts with the definition of surface mine and ends with land reclamation and mine closure. The following chapters address the basics of mineral economics, calculation of stripping ratio; exploitation of difficult parts of ore deposits, slope stability, controlling falls and slides in the surface mines, sorts of freight traffic, scrapers, bulldozers, and loaders. The book serves as a reference text for mining students, engineers, and geologists.
Surface Modeling: High Accuracy and High Speed Methods (Applied Ecology and Environmental Management)
by Tian-Xiang YueAlthough GIS provides powerful functionality for spatial analysis, data overlay and storage, these spatially oriented systems lack the ability to represent temporal dynamics, which is a major impediment to its use in surface modeling. However, rapid development of computing technology in recent years has made real-time spatial analysis and real-tim
Surface Models for Geosciences
by Kateřina Růžičková Tomáš InspektorThe aim of the conference is to present and discuss new methods, issues and challenges encountered in all parts of the complex process of gradual development and application of digital surface models. This process covers data capture, data generation, storage, model creation, validation, manipulation, utilization and visualization. Each stage requires suitable methods and involves issues that may substantially decrease the value of the model. Furthermore, the conference provides a platform to discuss the requirements, features and research approaches for 3D modeling, continuous field modeling and other geoscience applications. The conference covers the following topics: - LIDAR for elevation data - Radar interferometry for elevation data - Surface model creation - Surface model statistics - Surface model storage (including data formats, standardization, database) - Feature extraction - Analysis of surface models - Surface models for hydrology, meteorology, climatology - Surface models for signal spreading - Surface models for geology (structural, mining) - Surface models for environmental science - Surface models for visibility studies - Surface models for urban geography - Surface models for human geography - Uncertainty of surface models and digital terrain analysis - Surface model visual enhancement and rendering
Surface Ocean: Lower Atmosphere Processes
by Corinne Le Quéré Eric S. SaltzmanPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 187.The focus of Surface Ocean: Lower Atmosphere Processes is biogeochemical interactions between the surface ocean and the lower atmosphere. <P><P>This volume is an outgrowth of the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) Summer School. The volume is designed to provide graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers from a wide range of academic backgrounds with a basis for understanding the nature of ocean-atmosphere interactions and the current research issues in this area.<P>The volume highlights include the following:Background material on ocean and atmosphere structure, circulation, and chemistry and on marine ecosystemsIntegrative chapters on the global carbon cycle and ocean biogeochemistryIssue-oriented chapters on the iron cycle and dimethylsulfideTool-oriented chapters on biogeochemical modeling and remote sensingA framework of underlying physical/chemical/biological principles, as well as perspectives on current research issues in the field.The readership for this book will include graduate students and/or advanced undergraduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and researchers in the fields of oceanography and atmospheric science. It will also be useful for experienced researchers in specific other disciplines who wish to broaden their perspectives on the complex biogeochemical coupling between ocean and atmosphere and the importance of this coupling to understanding global change.
Surface Ruptures Associated with the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake Sequence in Southwest Japan (Advances in Geological Science)
by Yasuhiro Kumahara Heitaro Kaneda Hiroyuki TsutsumiIn April 2016, a series of earthquakes hit the Kumamoto area of Kyushu Island, southwest Japan. The Mj 7.3 (Mw 7.0) mainshock produced extensive and complex surface ruptures in and around the active Futagawa-Hinagu fault zone, including primary right-lateral faulting, slip-partitioned normal faulting, and distributed and triggered surface breaks, as well as minor surface ruptures associated with the foreshocks of up to Mj 6.5 (Mw 6.2). This book provides a complete record of those surface ruptures mapped by a team of more than 25 researchers from Japanese universities and research institutes. The locations, traces, morphology, and displacement are described in great detail along with over 300 on-site photographs, and the information is supplemented by the GIS data available online. The book is useful for a wide range of earthquake scientists and engineers who work on active faults and related seismic hazard assessment, including earthquake geologists, tectonic geomorphologists, seismologists, geodesists, civil engineers, and city planners.
Surface, Sub-Surface Hydrology and Management: Application of Geospatial and Geostatistical Techniques (Springer Geography)
by Subodh Chandra Pal Uday ChatterjeeThis book explores the surface and subsurface hydrological conditions and their management in a tropical or sub-tropical setting applying geospatial and geostatistical derived predictive methods. The book is a research of the surface and subsurface hydrological processes as a result of over-exploitation for agricultural production and irrigation, which resulted in a significant drop in water even during pre-monsoon period and a charge up study to control surface and subsurface water scarcity. Recent and expected trends indicate that future water challenges will become more complex. Over-exploitation of groundwater and surface water scarcity are posing an increasing threat to food security and rural livelihood stability. Understanding the features of groundwater and surface water and how they interact with the environment, population, and social aspects is a difficult challenge for researchers, they must provide guidance for sustainable resource management while balancing economic efficiency and ecological health. This book stands out for its focus on using geospatial and geostatistical methods to tackle practical issues. The chapters demonstrate how advanced analytical tools can be used to extract useful insights from complex hydrological datasets, such as mapping surface water flow patterns and delineating groundwater contamination plumes. Additionally, including case studies from various geographic areas offers readers a worldwide view on hydrological challenges and approaches to managing them. This book acts as a catalyst for more research and dialogue in the areas of Environmental Sciences, Geography, Hydrology, Natural Hazards, Geospatial Sciences, Remote Sensing & GIS, Agriculture, Crop-Science, Forestry, Soil Science, Agronomy, Humanistic & Social Sciences, etc., promoting organization in the field of surface and sub-surface hydrology. We aim to advance scientific knowledge and promote sustainable water resource management by combining expertise from various disciplines and highlighting the potential of geospatial and geostatistical techniques.
Surface Temperature Reconstructions For The Last 2,000 Years
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesIn response to a request from Congress, Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years assesses the state of scientific efforts to reconstruct surface temperature records for Earth during approximately the last 2,000 years and the implications of these efforts for our understanding of global climate change. Because widespread, reliable temperature records are available only for the last 150 years, scientists estimate temperatures in the more distant past by analyzing &#34proxy evidence,&#34 which includes tree rings, corals, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, ice cores, boreholes, and glaciers. Starting in the late 1990s, scientists began using sophisticated methods to combine proxy evidence from many different locations in an effort to estimate surface temperature changes during the last few hundred to few thousand years. This book is an important resource in helping to understand the intricacies of global climate change.
Surface/Volume: How Geometry Explains Why Grain Elevators Explode, Hummingbirds Hover, and Asteroids are Colder than Ice
by Alan E. RubinThis book explains that diffusion, osmosis, dissolution, evaporation, and heat loss all preferentially affect small bodies due to their high surface/volume ratios. Because surface area increases as the square of length, but volume (and mass) increase as the cube, large objects have low surface/volume ratios and small objects have high surface/volume ratios. This simple physical constraint governs much of the physical world. It accounts for why the Earth has active volcanoes, but the Moon does not, why the human brain has numerous folds, why deciduous trees lose their leaves every Fall, and why nanoparticles of gold melt at surprisingly low temperatures. It is a phenomenon well known to every scientist, but this book is the first comprehensive treatment of this effect.
Surface Wave Methods for Near-Surface Site Characterization
by Sebastiano Foti Carlo Lai Glenn J. Rix Claudio StrobbiaDevelop a Greater Understanding of How and Why Surface Wave Testing WorksUsing examples and case studies directly drawn from the authors' experience, Surface Wave Methods for Near-Surface Site Characterization addresses both the experimental and theoretical aspects of surface wave propagation in both forward and inverse modeling. This book accents
Surfing Spaces (Routledge Research in Culture, Space and Identity)
by Jon AndersonThe act of surfing involves highly-skilled humans gliding, sliding, or otherwise riding waves of energy as they pass through water. As this book argues, however, this act of surfing does not exist in isolation. It is defined by the cultures and geographies that synergize with it – by the places, ideas, images, and other representations which at once reflect, create, and commodify this spatial practice. This book innovatively explores the spaces of surf and surf-riding, informed specifically by the perspective of human geography. Based on a range of critical turns within the social sciences, the book explores the locations, relational sensibilities, and transformative nature of surfing spaces, and examines how the spatial practice has been scripted by dominant surfing cultures. The book details how prescriptive (b)orders of access, entitlement, and marginalization have been created, and how, with the advent of new craft, media, and ideals, they are being actively challenged to redefine surfing spaces in the twenty-first century.
Suriname Revisited: Economic Potential of its Mineral Resources (SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences)
by Marco KeersemakerThis book summarizes the exploration history and provides a framework for assessing the economic potential of the country’s minerals by defining minimal deposit parameters for the various commodities present. Suriname was explored extensively for mineral occurrences in the course of the previous century, indicating the presence of a range of commodities. The country mined and processed bauxite for a century (until 2016), and has an even longer history of small-scale alluvial gold mining; it is currently home to two major gold producers. However, exploration activities have been limited during the past 4 decades as most parts of Suriname’s interior are difficult to access, making geological fieldwork both difficult and expensive. Further, the markets and prices have changed in the interim, which calls for a fresh look at the historic data.
The Surprising Solution
by Bruce PiaseckiThe Surprising Solution describes the revolution in business in which the corporations that can best address environmental and social issues by creating superior products will thrive and profit in this new world.
The Surveillance Imperative
by Simone Turchetti Peder RobertsSurveillance is a key notion for understanding power and control in the modern world, but it has been curiously neglected by historians of science and technology. Using the overarching concept of the "surveillance imperative," this collection of essays offers a new window on the evolution of the environmental sciences during and after the Cold War.
Survey Control Points
by Gabriel Weiss Erik Weiss Roland Weiss Slavomír Labant Karol BartošThis work deals with the issue of geodetic network structures, i. e. methods of verifying the condition of existing geodetic controls in terms of their compatibility and thereby their applicability. The presented work addresses these problems only for geodetic controls on a local scale. This is a common surveying issue in a number of countries, especially where there are concerns about the quality of the structure and homogeneity of national spatial and triangulation networks. There is a need for verification, not only for the use of terrestrial methods of determination of points but also for other surveying technology, since all technology operates with a certain threshold accuracy and using physical marks located on an unstable earth surface as survey control points. Issues of the compatibility of points whose coordinates are defined as functions of time by specific equations with respect to basal positions of points at certain epochs (points in systems ITRS, ETRS and others) are not considered.
A Survey of Ecological Economics (Frontier Issues in Economic Thought #1)
by Jonathan Harris Neva R. Goodwin Rajaram KrishnanThe emergent discipline of ecological economics is based on the idea that the world's economies are a function of the earth's ecosystems -- an idea that radically reverses the world view of neoclassical economics. A Survey of Ecological Economics provides the first overview of this new field, and a comprehensive and systematic survey of its critical literature.The editors of the volume summarize ninety-five seminal articles, selected through an exhaustive survey, that advance the field of ecological economics and represent the best thinking to date in the area. Each two- to three-page summary is far more comprehensive than a typical abstract, and presents both the topics covered in each paper and the most important arguments made about each topic. Sections cover: historical perspective definition, scope, and interdisciplinary issues theoretical frameworks and techniques energy and resource flow analysis accounting and evaluation North-South/international issues ethical/social/institutional issues Each section is preceded by an introductory essay that outlines the current state of knowledge in the field and proposes a research agenda for the future. A Survey of Ecological Economics is the first volume in the Frontier Issues in Economic Thought series produced by the Global Development And Environment Institute at Tufts University.
A Survey of Fractal Dimensions of Networks (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Eric RosenbergMany different fractal dimensions have been proposed for networks. In A Survey of Fractal Dimensions of Networks the theory and computation of the most important of these dimensions are reviewed, including the box counting dimension, the correlation dimension, the mass dimension, the transfinite fractal dimension, the information dimension, the generalized dimensions (which provide a way to describe multifractals), and the sandbox method (for approximating the generalized dimensions). The book describes the use of diameter-based and radius-based boxes, and presents several heuristic methods for box counting, including greedy coloring, random sequential node burning, and a method for computing a lower bound. We also discuss very recent results on resolving ambiguity in the calculation of the information dimension and the generalized dimensions, and on the non-monotonicity of the generalized dimensions. Anyone interested in the theory and application of networks will want to read this Brief. This includes anyone studying, e.g., social networks, telecommunications networks, transportation networks, ecological networks, food chain networks, network models of the brain, or financial networks.
A Survey of Sustainable Development: Social And Economic Dimensions (Frontier Issues in Economic Thought #6)
by Amartya Sen Kevin Gallagher Jonathan Harris Neva R. Goodwin Timothy WisePerpetual economic growth is physically impossible on a planet with finite resources. Many concerned with humanity's future have focused on the concept of "sustainable development" as an alternative. Sustainable development brings together elements of economics, public policy, sociology, ecology, resource management, and other related areas, and while the term has become quite popular, it is rarely defined, and even less often is it understood. A Survey of Sustainable Development addresses that problem by bringing together in a single volume the most important works on sustainable human and economic development. It offers a broad overview of the subject, and gives the reader a quick and thorough guide to this highly diffuse topic. The volume offers ten sections on topics including: economic and social dimensions of sustainable development, the North/South balance, population and the demographic transition, agriculture and renewable resources, energy and materials use, globalization and corporate responsibility, and local and national strategies.Each section is introduced with an essay by one of the volume editors that provides an overview of the subject and a summary of the mainstream literature, followed by two- to three-page abstracts of the most important articles or book chapters on the topic.A Survey of Sustainable Development is the sixth and final volume in the Frontier Issues of Economic Thought series produced by the Global Development And Environment Institute at Tufts University. Each book brings together the most important articles and book chapters in a "frontier" area of economics where important new work is being done but has not yet been incorporated into the mainstream of economic study. The book is an essential reference for students and scholars concerned with economics, environmental studies, public policy and administration, international development, and a broad range of related fields.
Surveying Climate-Relevant Behavior: Measurements, Obstacles, and Implications
by Markus Hadler Beate Klösch Stephan Schwarzinger Markus Schweighart Rebecca Wardana David Neil BirdThis open access book discusses the contribution of sociology and survey research to climate research. The authors address the questions of which behaviors are of climate relevance, who is engaging in these behaviors, in which contexts do these behaviors occur, and which individual perceptions and values are related to them. Utilizing survey research, the book focuses on the measurement of climate-relevant behaviors with population surveys and develops an instrument that allows a valid estimate of an individual’s GHG emissions with a few core items. While the development of these instruments was based on surveys and qualitative interviews conducted in Austria, the instruments were subsequently tested in a set of 31 European countries, revealing the international relevance of such research. The book also concludes with a brief consideration of the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on environmental attitudes, situating the project globally.
Surveying with Geomatics and R
by Marcelo de Carvalho Alves Luciana SanchesSurveying with Geomatics and RThis book explains basic concepts of surveying science and techniques with geomatics using R software and R packages. It engages students in learning about surveying through real field examples and using differing degrees of complexity while exploring surveying problems based on field observations and advanced geospatial technology. It includes a wide range of case studies as hands-on and self-paced tutorials along with detailed computer programming routines that are linked to the theories and applications explained in each chapter. This innovative textbook also teaches how to explore other possibilities of using geomatics in geocomputation, remote sensing, geography and cartography courses focused on surveying tasks.Features include: Provides modern surveying practices with free software algorithm and R toolset for active learning Includes case studies from different geographical areas using arbitrary and international cartographic reference systems Enables and demonstrates the integration of traditional geomatics with modern geospatial big data technologies Explains data standards, equipment used, possible analyses and the importance of error evaluation for scientific surveying Discusses different scales of landscapes and brings together the experiences of leading experts in the field
Survival: Are You Tough Enough? (White Wolves Non Fiction)
by Anna Claybourne Louise McNaughtFrom the rainforest to the savannah to the depths of the ocean, animal life in every continent and habitat has been affected by human activity. Louise McNaught's powerful animal portraits bring to life 20 stunning creatures and their fight for survival. Discover the dangers they face, the action being taken to protect them, and their vital importance on Earth.Be inspired to join the movement to conserve species and find out how you can make a difference.
Survival: One Health, One Planet, One Future (Routledge Studies in Sustainability)
by George R. LueddekePlanet Earth has been here for over 4.5 billion years but in just two human generations we have managed to place our only 'home' at great risk. Many lessons from history have not yet been learned and new lessons may prove equally, if not more, difficult to take on board as we head deeper into the twenty-first century. This book highlights two of our greatest social problems: changing the way we relate to the planet and to one another, and confronting how we use technology (dataism) for the benefit of both humankind and the planet. Covering a wide range of key topics, including environmental degradation, modern life, capitalism, robotics, financing of war (vs peace) and the pressing need to re-orient society towards a sustainable future, the book contends that lifelong learning for sustainability is key to our survival. The author argues that One Health - recognising the fundamental interconnections between people, animals, plants, the environment - needs to inform the UN-2030 Sustainable Development Goals and that working towards the adoption of a new mindset is essential. We need to replace our current view of limitless resources, exploitation, competition and conflict with one that respects the sanctity of life and strives towards well-being for all, shared prosperity and social stability. Clearly written, evidence based and transdisciplinary - and including contributions from the World Bank, InterAction Council, Chatham House, UNESCO, World Economic Forum, the Tripartite One Health collaboration (UN Food and Agriculture Organization, World Organisation for Animal Health and World Health Organization), One Health Commission and more - this book cuts across sociopolitical, economic and environmental lines. It will be of great interest to practitioners, academics, policy-makers, students, nongovernment agencies and the public at large in both developed and developing nations.
Survival: A Prepper?s Guide to Life after the Crash
by Steve MattoonDefend what’s yours when catastrophe strikes with expert tips that go beyond food and water storage.Should a national disaster occur, how will you respond? What will occur when critical societal services cease to function? As a prepper, you will likely be ready to hole up and live off of your stored supplies, at least for a while. But what do you do during that time? What are your next steps? And how do you defend yourself against others who have not prepared for such a disaster?After the Crash covers all the situations that you may face when the lack of governmental infrastructure leads to social upheaval and chaos. Since most of the population is unprepared for a disaster of any kind, this book gives both the trained and untrained prepper valuable information needed to have any chance of survival in a world where organized government assistance may not be available. Importantly, he details the crucial steps you need to take in addition to doing everything other survival manuals advise. These critical tips go beyond stockpiling food, water, and weapons.Offering battle-proven advice, Steve Mattoon explores what it takes to survive alone versus in groups, each approach presenting its own advantages and challenges. Discover how best to defend yourself, what to use, and how to most effectively use the tools you have at your disposal. Whether you find yourself in a rural area or an urban jungle, Steve Mattoon’s After the Crash will prove an essential addition to any prepper’s bug-out bag.
Survival!: Ocean (Time For Kids Informational Text Series)
by William B. RiceWhat do you do if you find yourself stranded at sea? This useful nonfiction book gives readers the information they need in order to survive at sea. With essential tips and instructions, helpful diagrams and images, a bibliography, and a list of other useful websites, readers will learn everything they need in order to survive--from the dangers of hypothermia, what to do if there's only saltwater available, and other useful survival skills.