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Thermodynamics in the Quantum Regime: Fundamental Aspects and New Directions (Fundamental Theories of Physics #195)
by Felix Binder Luis A. Correa Christian Gogolin Janet Anders Gerardo AdessoQuantum Thermodynamics is a novel research field which explores the emergence of thermodynamics from quantum theory and addresses thermodynamic phenomena which appear in finite-size, non-equilibrium and finite-time contexts. Blending together elements from open quantum systems, statistical mechanics, quantum many-body physics, and quantum information theory, it pinpoints thermodynamic advantages and barriers emerging from genuinely quantum properties such as quantum coherence and correlations. Owing to recent experimental efforts, the field is moving quickly towards practical applications, such as nano-scale heat devices, or thermodynamically optimised protocols for emergent quantum technologies. Starting from the basics, the present volume reviews some of the most recent developments, as well as some of the most important open problems in quantum thermodynamics. The self-contained chapters provide concise and topical introductions to researchers who are new to the field. Experts will find them useful as a reference for the current state-of-the-art. In six sections the book covers topics such as quantum heat engines and refrigerators, fluctuation theorems, the emergence of thermodynamic equilibrium, thermodynamics of strongly coupled systems, as well as various information theoretic approaches including Landauer's principle and thermal operations. It concludes with a section dedicated to recent quantum thermodynamics experiments and experimental prospects on a variety of platforms ranging from cold atoms to photonic systems, and NV centres.
Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Microphysics of Clouds
by Vitaly I. Khvorostyanov Judith A. CurryThermodynamics, Kinetics and Microphysics of Clouds presents a unified theoretical foundation that provides the basis for incorporating cloud microphysical processes in cloud and climate models. In particular, the book provides: • A theoretical basis for understanding the processes of cloud particle formation, evolution and precipitation, with emphasis on spectral cloud microphysics based on numerical and analytical solutions of the kinetic equations for the drop and crystal size spectra along with the supersaturation equation • The latest detailed theories and parameterizations of drop and crystal nucleation suitable for cloud and climate models derived from the general principles of thermodynamics and kinetics • A platform for advanced parameterization of clouds in weather prediction and climate models • The scientific foundation for weather and climate modification by cloud seeding. This book will be invaluable for researchers and advanced students engaged in cloud and aerosol physics, and air pollution and climate research.
Thermodynamics of Information Processing in Small Systems
by Takahiro SagawaThis thesis presents a general theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics for information processing. Ever since Maxwell's demon was proposed in the nineteenth century, the relationship between thermodynamics and information has attracted much attention because it concerns the foundation of the second law of thermodynamics. From the modern point of view, Maxwell's demon is formulated as an information processing device that performs measurement and feedback at the level of thermal fluctuations. By unifying information theory, measurement theory, and the recently developed theory of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, the author has constructed a theory of "information thermodynamics," in which information contents and thermodynamic variables are treated on an equal footing. In particular, the maximum work that can be extracted by the demon and the minimum work that is needed for measurement and information erasure by the demon has been determined. Additionally, generalizations of nonequilibrium relations such as a Jarzynski equality for classical stochastic systems in the presence of feedback control have been derived. One of the generalized equalities has recently been verified experimentally by using sub-micron colloidal particles. The results obtained serve as fundamental principles for information processing in small thermodynamic systems, and are applicable to nanomachines and nanodevices.
Thermodynamics of Natural Systems: Theory and Applications in Geochemistry and Environmental Science
by G. M. AndersonThermodynamics deals with energy levels and energy transfers between states of matter, and is therefore fundamental to all branches of science. This new edition provides an accessible introduction to the subject, specifically tailored to the interests of Earth and environmental science students. Beginning at an elementary level, the first four chapters explain all necessary concepts via a simple graphical approach. Throughout the rest of the book, the author emphasizes the importance of field observations and demonstrates that, despite being derived from idealized circumstances, thermodynamics is crucial to understanding ore formation, acid mine drainage, and other real-world geochemical and geophysical problems. Exercises now follow each chapter, with answers provided at the end of the book. An associated website includes extra chapters and password-protected answers to additional problems. This textbook is ideal for undergraduate and graduate students studying geochemistry and environmental science. Offers specially tailored treatment of thermodynamics for Earth and environmental science students Provides a more streamlined and accessible introduction for students with little prior knowledge of thermodynamics Uses examples and problem sets to highlight the connection between the idealized theory of thermodynamics and real-world geological and environmental problems Includes additional web resources, such as chapters on more advanced topics and password-protected solutions to problems in the book
Thermodynamik für das Bachelorstudium
by Klaus StierstadtDas Verständnis der Thermodynamik ist nicht nur Voraussetzung für die moderne Physik, Chemie, Biologie und Technik, sondern auch für die Frage der Energieversorgung der Zukunft. Der Autor führt in die Prinzipien, Methoden und Ergebnisse der Thermodynamik ein, indem er die Größen Temperatur, Wärme und Entropie auf die Eigenschaften der Atome und auf ihr Zusammenwirken zurückgeführt. Basierend auf den vier Hauptsätzen der Thermodynamik werden die wichtigsten Anwendungen, z. B. Energieumwandlung und Nanotechnologie, ausführlich besprochen.
Thermodynamik für das Bachelorstudium
by Klaus StierstadtDas Verständnis der Thermodynamik ist nicht nur Voraussetzung für die moderne Physik, Chemie, Biologie und Technik, sondern auch für die Frage der Energieversorgung der Zukunft. Der Autor führt in die Prinzipien, Methoden und Ergebnisse der Thermodynamik ein, indem er die Größen Temperatur, Wärme und Entropie auf die Eigenschaften der Atome und auf ihr Zusammenwirken zurückgeführt. Basierend auf den vier Hauptsätzen der Thermodynamik werden die wichtigsten Anwendungen, z. B. Energieumwandlung und Nanotechnologie, ausführlich besprochen.
Thermodynamische Potenziale und Zustandssumme: Ein Überblick über die Definitionen in der Thermodynamik (essentials)
by Klaus StierstadtDieses essential gibt einen Überblick über die Definitionen und die Bedeutung thermodynamischer Potenziale und ermöglicht auch Einsteigern ein Verständnis der Thematik, welche eine Voraussetzung für die moderne Physik, die Chemie, Biologie und Technik ist. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den Grundlagen und aktuellen Fragestellungen. Es schlägt eine Brücke zwischen den beiden Thermodynamik-Vorlesungen: der einfachen Wärmelehre im 1. oder 2. Semester und der anspruchsvollen Statistischen Physik im 5. Semester. Das essential ist Teil einer dreiteiligen Reihe zur Thermodynamik zusammen mit Temperatur und Wärme – was ist das wirklich? und Die Eigenschaften der Stoffe: Suszeptibilitäten und Transportkoeffizienten.
Thermoelectric Skutterudites
by Ctirad UherThis book informs the reader about a fascinating class of materials referred to as skutterudites, the atomic lattice of which has large structural voids that can be filled by a variety of foreign species, spanning from alkali to alkaline to rare earth ions. The fillers, in their unique way, drastically modify the physical properties of the parent structure, giving rise to outstanding thermoelectric properties. This exciting material is of growing importance and is finding applications in a variety of different fields. This book will be of interest to researchers working in materials science, physics, and chemistry in addition to graduate students in these subjects. Features:• Gives a comprehensive account of all fundamental physical properties of skutterudites• Each major topic is accompanied by introductory sections and a further detailed theoretical treatment is provided in Appendices• Supported by many figures and a vast number of relevant references
Thermofluid Dynamics of Turbulent Flows: Fundamentals and Modelling (UNIPA Springer Series)
by Michele CiofaloThe book provides the theoretical fundamentals on turbulence and a complete overview of turbulence models, from the simplest to the most advanced ones including Direct and Large Eddy Simulation. It mainly focuses on problems of modeling and computation, and provides information regarding the theory of dynamical systems and their bifurcations. It also examines turbulence aspects which are not treated in most existing books on this subject, such as turbulence in free and mixed convection, transient turbulence and transition to turbulence. The book adopts the tensor notation, which is the most appropriate to deal with intrinsically tensor quantities such as stresses and strain rates, and for those who are not familiar with it an Appendix on tensor algebra and tensor notation are provided.
Thermospheric Density and Wind Determination from Satellite Dynamics
by Eelco DoornbosThe Earth's atmosphere is often portrayed as a thin and finite blanket covering our planet, separate from the emptiness of outer space. In reality, the transition is gradual and a tiny fraction of the atmophere gases is still present at the altitude of low orbiting satellites. The very high velocities of these satellites ensure that their orbital motion can still be considerably affected by air density and wind. This influence can be measured using accelerometers and satellite tracking techniques. The opening chapters of this thesis provide an excellent introduction to the various disciplines that are involved in the interpretation of these observations: orbital mechanics, satellite aerodynamics and upper atmospheric physics. A subsequent chapter, at the heart of this work, covers advances in the algorithms used for processing satellite accelerometry and Two-Line Element (TLE) orbit data. The closing chapters provide an elaborate analysis of the resulting density and wind products, which are generating many opportunities for further research, to improve the modelling and understanding of the thermosphere system and its interactions with the lower atmosphere, the ionosphere-magnetosphere system and the Sun.
These Trees Tell a Story: The Art of Reading Landscapes
by Noah CharneyA deeply personal master class on how to read a natural landscape and unravel the clues to its unique ecological history Structured as a series of interactive field walks through ten New England ecosystems, this book challenges readers to see the world through the eyes of a trained naturalist. With guided questions, immersive photography, and a narrative approach, each chapter adds layers of complexity to a single scene, revealing the millions of years of forces at play. Tying together geology, forest ecology, wildlife biology, soil processes, evolution, conservation, and more, Noah Charney shows how and why landscapes appear in their current forms. Charney&’s stories and lessons will provide anyone with the necessary investigative skills to look at a landscape, interpret it, and tell its story—from its start as rock or soil to the plants and animals that live on it. Ultimately, Charney argues, by critically engaging with the landscape we will become better at connecting with nature and ourselves.
They Are Here!: How Invasive Species Are Spoiling Our Ecosystems
by Roland SmithFrom the New York Times-bestselling author, Roland Smith, comes a fascinating, fact-filled resource that explores how humans have introduced—on purpose and by accident—plants and animals to parts of the world where they were previously unknown. . .sometimes with disastrous results. Did you know that brown rats were brought to the United States in the eighteenth century on a ship from England? Or that thousands of exotic pets were released into the Florida Everglades after a hurricane in 1992, leading to today’s booming Burmese python population? All over the country, non-native species from around the world have been introduced to our lands, irrevocably changing the natural balances of their new habitats. This is the story of some of those newcomers, but also of human error and nature gone wild. By looking at thirty different intrusive plants and animals, They Are Here! explores invasive species, their impact on our environment, and the steps we can take to support local ecosystems under threat.
They Called Us River Rats: The Last Batture Settlement of New Orleans
by Macon FryThey Called Us River Rats: The Last Batture Settlement of New Orleans is the previously untold story of perhaps the oldest outsider settlement in America, an invisible community on the annually flooded shores of the Mississippi River. This community exists in the place between the normal high and low water line of the Mississippi River, a zone known in Louisiana as the batture. For the better part of two centuries, batture dwellers such as Macon Fry have raised shantyboats on stilts, built water-adapted homes, foraged, fished, and survived using the skills a river teaches. Until now the stories of this way of life have existed only in the memories of those who have lived here. Beginning in 2000, Fry set about recording the stories of all the old batture dwellers he could find: maritime workers, willow furniture makers, fishermen, artists, and river shrimpers. Along the way, Fry uncovered fascinating tales of fortune tellers, faith healers, and wild bird trappers who defiantly lived on the river. They Called Us River Rats also explores the troubled relationship between people inside the levees, the often-reviled batture folks, and the river itself. It traces the struggle between batture folks and city authorities, the commercial interests that claimed the river, and Louisiana’s most powerful politicians. These conflicts have ended in legal battles, displacement, incarceration, and even lynching. Today Fry is among the senior generation of “River Rats” living in a vestigial colony of twelve “camps” on New Orleans’s river batture, a fragment of a settlement that once stretched nearly six miles and numbered hundreds of homes. It is the last riparian settlement on the Lower Mississippi and a contrarian, independent life outside urban zoning, planning, and flood protection. This book is for everyone who ever felt the pull of the Mississippi River or saw its towering levees and wondered who could live on the other side.
They Knew: The US Federal Governments Fifty-Year Role in Causing the Climate Crisis
by James Gustave SpethA devastating, play-by-play account of the federal government's leading role in bringing about today's climate crisis.In 2015, a group of twenty-one young people sued the federal government for violating their constitutional rights by promoting the climate catastrophe, depriving them of life, liberty, and property without due process of law. They Knew offers evidence for their claims, presenting a devastating, play-by-play account of the federal government's role in bringing about today's climate crisis. James Speth, tapped by the plaintiffs as an expert on climate, documents how administrations from Carter to Trump--despite having information about climate change and the connection to fossil fuels--continued aggressive support of a fossil fuel based energy system. What did the federal government know and when did it know it? Speth asks, echoing another famous cover up. What did the federal government do and what did it not do? They Knew (an updated version of the Expert Report Speth prepared for the lawsuit) presents the most compelling indictment yet of the government's role in the climate crisis, showing a forty-year failure to take action. Since Juliana v. United States was filed, the federal government has repeatedly delayed the case. Yet even in legal limbo, it has helped inspire a generation of youthful climate activists. An Our Children&’s Trust Book
They Lead: The Wolf Pack
by June SmallsThey are the leaders. The creators of the pack. She digs the den, where their young will grow. He patrols the territory and brings her food while she cares for the helpless pups. As seasons pass, and new litters arrive, the pack grows and all work together to raise the young. A wolf&’s piercing howl can carry up to 10 miles, raising goosebumps on even the most intrepid camper&’s skin. But the gray wolf is far from a simple predator. An incredible combination of teamwork and instinct has helped wolf packs survive, despite being endangered in most of North America. With a mother wolf and father wolf leading the pack–their family–together, the cubs grow and learn the skills they need to start their own pack someday. With stunning, lifelike illustrations and facts on each page for grownups or older children who want a deeper dive, this beautiful picture book is a monument to these majestic packs.
Thick Coal Seam Underground Mining
by Jiachen Wang Weijie WeiThis book systematically summarizes the main technology and latest advancements of China's thick coal seam underground mining technology. It covers the mine development methods, the top coal caving technology and drawing mechanism, the measurement of top coal recovery and technology to improve the recovery ratio, the large mining height technology and coal wall stability control, large cross-section roadway support technology, slicing mining technology and roadway layout, intelligent mining technology and advancements, theories and techniques for controlling surrounding rock in thick coal seam, as well as some typical cases of top coal caving and large mining height. This book can serve as a teaching reference for graduate students in mining engineering and senior undergraduate students at higher education institutions. It is also suitable for researchers, engineering technicians, designers, and relevant technology management personnel engaged in coal mining.
Thin Liquid Films
by Ralf BlosseyThis book is a treatise on the thermodynamic and dynamic properties of thin liquid films at solid surfaces and, in particular, their rupture instabilities. For the quantitative study of these phenomena, polymer thin films (sometimes referred to as "ultrathin") have proven to be an invaluable experimental model system. What is it that makes thin film instabilities special and interesting? First, thin polymeric films have an important range of applications. An understanding of their instabilities is therefore of practical relevance for the design of such films. The first chapter of the book intends to give a snapshot of current applications, and an outlook on promising future ones. Second, thin liquid films are an interdisciplinary research topic, which leads to a fairly heterogeneous community working on the topic. It justifies attempting to write a text which gives a coherent presentation of the field which researchers across their specialized communities might be interested in. Finally, thin liquid films are an interesting laboratory for a theorist to confront a well-established theory, hydrodynamics, with its limits. Thin films are therefore a field in which a highly fruitful exchange and collaboration exists between experimentalists and theorists. The book stretches from the more concrete to more abstract levels of study: we roughly progress from applications via theory and experiment to rigorous mathematical theory. For an experimental scientist, the book should serve as a reference and guide to what is the current consensus of the theoretical underpinnings of the field of thin film dynamics. Controversial problems on which such a consensus has not yet been reached are clearly indicated in the text, as well as discussed in a final chapter. From a theoretical point of view, the field of dewetting has mainly been treated in a mathematically 'light' yet elegant fashion, often making use of scaling arguments. For the untrained researcher, this approach is not always easy to follow. The present book attempts to bridge between the 'light' and the 'rigorous', always with the ambition to enhance insight and understanding - and to not let go the elegance of the theory.
Things Natural, Wild, and Free
by Marybeth LorbieckiAs a child, Aldo Leopold was always looking for adventures in nature. This led Leopold to become a forester, wildlife scientist, author, and ultimately one of the most well-known conservationists in American history. Award-winning author Marybeth Lorbiecki brings Leopold to life in this biography enhanced with historic photographs and a school resource section.Marybeth Lorbiecki is the author of more than twenty-five books for children and adults, and she teaches upper-level college writing and children's literature as an adjunct university professor. Her adult biography Aldo Leopold: A Fierce Green Fire earned a Minnesota Book Award.
Things You Can Do: How to Fight Climate Change and Reduce Waste
by Eduardo GarciaLearn what you can do right now to reduce your carbon footprint with this inspiring, accessible, stunningly illustrated book based on Eduardo Garcia&’s popular New York Times column. &“This beautiful and practical book on the climate crisis is for people of all ages, packed with wonderful pictures, powerful stats, and sound advice.&”—Mike Berners-Lee, author of There Is No Planet BAward-winning climate journalist Eduardo Garcia offers a deeply researched and user-friendly guide to the things we can do every day to fight climate change. Based on his popular New York Times column &“One Thing You Can Do,&” this fully illustrated book proposes simple solutions for an overwhelming problem. No lectures here—just accessible and inspiring ideas to slash emissions and waste in our daily lives, with over 350 explanatory illustrations by talented painter Sara Boccaccini Meadows.In each chapter, Garcia digs into the issue, explaining how everyday choices lead to carbon emissions, then delivers a wealth of &“Things You Can Do&” to make a positive impact, such as:• Eat a climate-friendly diet• Reduce food waste• Cool your home without an air conditioner• Save energy at home• Adopt zero-waste practices• Increase the fuel efficiency of your car• Buy low-carbon pet food• Hack your toilet to save water• Slash the carbon footprint of your online shoppingDelivering a decisive hit of knowledge with every turn of the page, Things You Can Do is the book for people who want to know more—and do more—to save the planet.
Think Like a Commoner
by David BollierThe biggest "tragedy of the commons" is the misconception that commons are failures--relics from another era rendered unnecessary by the market and state. Think Like a Commoner dispels such prejudices by explaining the rich history and promising future of the commons--an ageless paradigm of cooperation and fairness that is re-making our world.With graceful prose and dozens of fascinating stories, David Bollier describes the quiet revolution that is pioneering practical forms of self-governance and production controlled by people themselves. Think Like a Commoner explains how the commons: Is an exploding field of DIY innovation ranging from Wikipedia and seed-sharing to community forests, collaborative consumption, and beyond Challenges the standard narrative of market economics by explaining how cooperation generates significant value and human fulfillment Provides a framework of law and social action that can help us move beyond the pathologies of neoliberal capitalismWe have a choice: ignore the commons and suffer the ongoing private plunder of our common wealth, or Think Like a Commoner and learn how to rebuild our society and reclaim our shared inheritance. This accessible, comprehensive introduction to the commons will surprise and enlighten you, and provoke you to action.David Bollier is an author, activist, blogger, and independent scholar. He is the author of six books on different aspects of the commons, including Green Governance, The Wealth of the Commons, and Viral Spiral, and is a frequent speaker at conferences, colleges and universities, and policy workshops.
Think Little: Essays (Counterpoints #1)
by Wendell BerryFirst published in 1972, “Think Little” is cultural critic and agrarian Wendell Berry at his best: prescient about the dire environmental consequences of our mentality of greed and exploitation, yet hopeful that we will recognize war and oppression and pollution not as separate issues, but aspects of the same. “Think Little” is presented here alongside one of Berry’s most popular and personal essays, “A Native Hill.” This gentle essay of recollection is told alongside a poetic lesson in geography, as Berry explains at length and in detail, that what he stands for is what he stands on.Each palm–size book in the Counterpoints series is meant to stay with you, whether safely in your pocket or long after you turn the last page. From short stories to essays to poems, these little books celebrate our most–beloved writers, whose work encapsulates the spirit of Counterpoint Press: cutting–edge, wide–ranging, and independent.
Thinking about Nature: An Investigation of Nature, Value and Ecology (Routledge Revivals)
by Andrew BrennanEcology – unlike astronomy, physics, or chemistry – is a science with an associated political and ethical movement: the Green Movement. As a result, the ecological position is often accompanied by appeals to holism, and by a mystical quasi-religious conception of the ecosystem. In this title, first published in 1988, Andrew Brennan argues that we can reduce much of the mysticism surrounding ecological discussions by placing them within a larger context, and illustrating that our individual interests are bound with larger, community interests. Using an interdisciplinary approach, which bridges the gap between the sciences, philosophy, and ethics, this is an accessible title, which will be of particular value to students with an interest in the philosophy of environmental science and ethics.
Thinking Continental: Writing the Planet One Place at a Time
by Susan Naramore Maher Tom Lynch Drucilla Wall O. Alan WeltzienIn response to the growing scale and complexity of environmental threats, this volume collects articles, essays, personal narratives, and poems by more than forty authors in conversation about “thinking continental”—connecting local and personal landscapes to universal systems and processes—to articulate the concept of a global or planetary citizenship.Reckoning with the larger matrix of biome, region, continent, hemisphere, ocean, and planet has become necessary as environmental challenges require the insights not only of scientists but also of poets, humanists, and social scientists. Thinking Continental braids together abstract approaches with strands of more-personal narrative and poetry, showing how our imaginations can encompass the planetary while also being true to our own concrete life experiences in the here and now.
Thinking Geographically: A Guide to the Core Concepts for Teachers
by Alaric MaudeThis book explains how the concepts of geography can teach young people to think geographically, deeply and ethically. Thinking Geographically demonstrates how the concepts of place, space, environment and interconnection teach students new ways of perceiving and understanding the world, the concepts of scale and time teach them ways of analysing the world, while the concepts of sustainability and wellbeing show them how to evaluate and reflect on what they observe, and all eight concepts develop their higher order and critical thinking. To further support teachers, this book includes a chapter on how to teach for conceptual understanding, as well as two chapters that illustrate the application of geographical thinking to an understanding of the effects of land cover change and the problem of regional inequality. Rich with practical examples, this book is an essential resource for geography teachers, whether already teaching or studying to become one, and for those who teach therm.
Thinking like a Mall
by Steven VogelEnvironmentalism, in theory and practice, is concerned with protecting nature. But if we have now reached "the end of nature," as Bill McKibben and other environmental thinkers have declared, what is there left to protect? In Thinking like a Mall, Steven Vogel argues that environmental thinking would be better off if it dropped the concept of "nature" altogether and spoke instead of the "environment" -- that is, the world that actually surrounds us, which is always a built world, the only one that we inhabit. We need to think not so much like a mountain (as Aldo Leopold urged) as like a mall. Shopping malls, too, are part of the environment and deserve as much serious consideration from environmental thinkers as do mountains. Vogel argues provocatively that environmental philosophy, in its ethics, should no longer draw a distinction between the natural and the artificial and, in its politics, should abandon the idea that something beyond human practices (such as "nature") can serve as a standard determining what those practices ought to be. The appeal to nature distinct from the built environment, he contends, may be not merely unhelpful to environmental thinking but in itself harmful to that thinking. The question for environmental philosophy is not "how can we save nature?" but rather "what environment should we inhabit, and what practices should we engage in to help build it?"