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Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Resource Management in Asia
by Suresh Chand Rai Prabuddh Kumar MishraThis book highlights the different ways of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) practices that conserve natural resources sustainably. Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), along with synonymous or closely related terms like indigenous knowledge and native science, originates in the literature on international development and adaptive management. Against the backdrop of unprecedented global degradation and reduction in ecosystem services with impacts on human well-being over the last 50 years, there is a growing interest in the role of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) practices and systems of local communities in ensuring the sustainable utilization and management of resources. In this context, this book comprehensively analyzes the important aspects of natural resources in Asia. This book covers a detailed study of the different aspects of natural resources. It is divided into three sections, which deal with varying dimensions of indigenous ecological knowledge of resource management in Asia. The first part reflects upon the concept of traditional ecological knowledge, the second part analyzes the systematic documentation of TEK practices, and the third part deals with policy for governance. This book critically describes and explains the indigenous knowledge about resource management. This book is the ideal text for undergraduate, postgraduate, and research scholars in India and abroad. This book is designed in such a manner that it covers all the aspects of natural resources. It also helps the administrator and policymakers use indigenous knowledge in resource management.
Traditional Food Production and Rural Sustainable Development: A European Challenge (Economic Geography Series)
by Teresa de Vaz Peter NijkampThe worldwide interest in sustainable development has not only prompted ecological developments in policy and research in key sectors such as industry or transportation, but also in the management and assessment of new lifestyles such as healthy food consumption and sustainable use of products. In this context, agriculture is an important example because of its dual nature as both a high-tech sector producing modern mass products and also a traditional sector producing environmentally-friendly goods. Illustrated by a range of case studies from across Europe, this volume examines the interface of agricultural - and sometimes rural - development and the social and economic feasibility of traditional modes of production and consumption. It provides an overview of the various strategies and policies concerning sustainable agriculture, presenting a critical review of the opportunities of traditional production modes, from local, regional, national and global perspectives.
Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge
by John A. Parrotta Ronald L. TrosperExploring a topic of vital and ongoing importance, Traditional Forest Knowledge examines the history, current status and trends in the development and application of traditional forest knowledge by local and indigenous communities worldwide. It considers the interplay between traditional beliefs and practices and formal forest science and interrogates the often uneasy relationship between these different knowledge systems. The contents also highlight efforts to conserve and promote traditional forest management practices that balance the environmental, economic and social objectives of forest management. It places these efforts in the context of recent trends towards the devolution of forest management authority in many parts of the world. The book includes regional chapters covering North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and the Australia-Pacific region. As well as relating the general factors mentioned above to these specific areas, these chapters cover issues of special regional significance, such as the importance of traditional knowledge and practices for food security, economic development and cultural identity. Other chapters examine topics ranging from key policy issues to the significant programs of regional and international organisations, and from research ethics and best practices for scientific study of traditional knowledge to the adaptation of traditional forest knowledge to climate change and globalisation.
Traditional Functional-Discrete Methods for the Problems of Mathematical Physics: New Aspects
by Volodymyr Makarov Nataliya MaykoThis book is devoted to the construction and study of approximate methods for solving mathematical physics problems in canonical domains. It focuses on obtaining weighted a priori estimates of the accuracy of these methods while also considering the influence of boundary and initial conditions. This influence is quantified by means of suitable weight functions that characterize the distance of an inner point to the boundary of the domain. New results are presented on boundary and initial effects for the finite difference method for elliptic and parabolic equations, mesh schemes for equations with fractional derivatives, and the Cayley transform method for abstract differential equations in Hilbert and Banach spaces. Due to their universality and convenient implementation, the algorithms discussed throughout can be used to solve a wide range of actual problems in science and technology. The book is intended for scientists, university teachers, and graduate and postgraduate students who specialize in the field of numerical analysis.
Traditional Mexican Agriculture: A Basis for Sustainable Agroecological Systems (Advances in Agroecology)
by Alba González JácomeThis long-needed book highlights how traditional Mexican agriculture has changed according to environmental, climatic, geographical, social and cultural conditions. Grounded in archaeological-historical data from interrelated research of various scientific disciplines, the book also draws on studies made by anthropologists of varied small-scale agricultural groups. Traditional Mexican Agriculture is the result of a holistic study of Mexican agriculture. It offers the reader a perspective of traditional agriculture in Mexico from social, cultural and ecological Anthropology, Ethnology, regional and environmental History, and Agroecology, to help obtain sustainable agroecology where human societies obtain better ways of life and a healthy and nutritious food system. The book further aims to recover ideas, management, and components of local knowledge of small-scale farmers. Pitched at university students and academics, as well as researchers and developers of agricultural matters, this book will be ideal reading at agrarian universities and related institutions. It provides a basis for future studies in sustainable agricultural systems in this region.
Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples: Nutrition, Botany and Use (Routledge Revivals)
by Harriet Kuhnlein Nancy J TurnerFirst published in 1991, Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples details the nutritional properties, botanical characteristics and ethnic uses of a wide variety of traditional plant foods used by the Indigenous Peoples of Canada. Comprehensive and detailed, this volume explores both the technical use of plants and their cultural connections. It will be of interest to scholars from a variety of backgrounds, including Indigenous Peoples with their specific cultural worldviews; nutritionists and other health professionals who work with Indigenous Peoples and other rural people; other biologists, ethnologists, and organizations that address understanding of the resources of the natural world; and academic audiences from a variety of disciplines.
Traditional Rainwater Harvesting Structures (SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology)
by Joji V.S. Reshma Susan JacobThis book contains detailed information about the traditional rainwater structures. Harvesting rainwater is becoming as a practical adaptation strategy for urban areas that are vulnerable to climate alteration. In the past, rainwater harvesting was more significant than it is today. Studies show that a variety of traditional and age-old rainwater gathering techniques were created or put into use in reaction to earlier climate change incidents. According to history, both floods and droughts were frequent occurrences in ancient India. Perhaps this explains why each region of the nation has its own traditional water gathering practices that are representative of the local physical and cultural diversity. All of these methods can be seen as a concept of harvesting rain whenever and wherever it falls. Water makes up 70.9 % of the Earth's surface, mainly in the form of oceans and seas. Water is found in modest proportions as 1.7 % groundwater, 1.7 % glaciers and ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland, vapour, clouds (ice and liquid water suspended in air), and 0.001% precipitation in the air. Evaporation, transpiration, evapo-transpiration, condensation, precipitation, root absorption, percolation, infiltration, base flow and runoff are processes that water goes through on its way to the sea.
Traditions and Trends in Global Environmental Politics: International Relations and the Earth (Routledge Research in Global Environmental Governance)
by Olaf Corry Hayley StevensonHow can a divided world share a single planet? As the environment rises ever higher on the global agenda, the discipline of International Relations (IR) is engaging in more varied and transformative ways than ever before to overcome environmental challenges. Focusing in particular on the key trends of the past 20 years, this volume explores the main developments in the global environmental crisis, with each chapter considering an environmental issue and an approach within IR. In the process, adjacent fields including energy politics, science and technology, and political economy are also touched on. Traditions and Trends in Global Environmental Politics is aimed at anybody interested in the key international environmental problems of the day, and those seeking clarification and inspiration in terms of approaches and theories that decode how the environment is accounted for in global politics. It will be an essential resource for students and scholars of global environmental politics and governance, environmental studies and IR.
Traffic and Granular Flow 2019 (Springer Proceedings in Physics #252)
by Iker Zuriguel Angel Garcimartín Raúl Cruz HidalgoThis book gathers contributions on a variety of flowing collective systems. While primarily focusing on pedestrian dynamics, they also reflect the latest developments in areas such as vehicular traffic and granular flows and address related emerging topics such as self-propelled particles, data transport, swarm behavior, intercellular transport, and collective dynamics of biological systems. Combining fundamental research and practical applications in the various fields discussed, the book offers a valuable asset for researchers and practitioners alike.
Traffic Flow Dynamics: Data, Models and Simulation
by Arne Kesting Christian Thiemann Martin TreiberThis textbook provides a comprehensive and instructive coverage of vehicular traffic flow dynamics and modeling. It makes this fascinating interdisciplinary topic, which to date was only documented in parts by specialized monographs, accessible to a broad readership. Numerous figures and problems with solutions help the reader to quickly understand and practice the presented concepts. This book is targeted at students of physics and traffic engineering and, more generally, also at students and professionals in computer science, mathematics, and interdisciplinary topics. It also offers material for project work in programming and simulation at college and university level. The main part, after presenting different categories of traffic data, is devoted to a mathematical description of the dynamics of traffic flow, covering macroscopic models which describe traffic in terms of density, as well as microscopic many-particle models in which each particle corresponds to a vehicle and its driver. Focus chapters on traffic instabilities and model calibration/validation present these topics in a novel and systematic way. Finally, the theoretical framework is shown at work in selected applications such as traffic-state and travel-time estimation, intelligent transportation systems, traffic operations management, and a detailed physics-based model for fuel consumption and emissions.
The Tragedy of the Commodity
by Stefano B. Longo Rebecca Clausen Brett ClarkAlthough humans have long depended on oceans and aquatic ecosystems for sustenance and trade, only recently has human influence on these resources dramatically increased, transforming and undermining oceanic environments throughout the world. Marine ecosystems are in a crisis that is global in scope, rapid in pace, and colossal in scale. In The Tragedy of the Commodity, sociologists Stefano B. Longo, Rebecca Clausen, and Brett Clark explore the role human influence plays in this crisis, highlighting the social and economic forces that are at the heart of this looming ecological problem. In a critique of the classic theory "the tragedy of the commons" by ecologist Garrett Hardin, the authors move beyond simplistic explanations--such as unrestrained self-interest or population growth--to argue that it is the commodification of aquatic resources that leads to the depletion of fisheries and the development of environmentally suspect means of aquaculture. To illustrate this argument, the book features two fascinating case studies--the thousand-year history of the bluefin tuna fishery in the Mediterranean and the massive Pacific salmon fishery. Longo, Clausen, and Clark describe how new fishing technologies, transformations in ships and storage capacities, and the expansion of seafood markets combined to alter radically and permanently these crucial ecosystems. In doing so, the authors underscore how the particular organization of social production contributes to ecological degradation and an increase in the pressures placed upon the ocean. The authors highlight the historical, political, economic, and cultural forces that shape how we interact with the larger biophysical world. A path-breaking analysis of overfishing, The Tragedy of the Commodity yields insight into issues such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, pollution, and climate change.
Tragwerke 1: Theorie und Berechnungsmethoden statisch bestimmter Stabtragwerke (Springer-Lehrbuch)
by Wilfried B. Krätzig Reinhard Harte Konstantin Meskouris Udo WittekDas Standardlehrwerk beschäftigt sich mit der Ermittlung der Kraft- und Verformungszustände von allgemeinen, statisch bestimmten Stabtragwerken sowie von wichtigen Tragwerkstypen. Dabei vereint es die Grundlagen der technischen Mechanik mit der konzeptionellen, tragwerksspezifischen Problemlösung. Dargestellt werden die fundamentalen Abstraktions- und Arbeitsmethoden, die wesentlichen analytischen Berechnungsmethoden werden an typischen Beispielen erläutert. Die Neuauflage berücksichtigt aktuelle Normen und neue Bezeichnungen.
Tragwerke 1
by Konstantin Meskouris Reinhard Harte Udo Wittek Wilfried B. KrätzigDas Standardlehrwerk beschäftigt sich mit der Ermittlung der Kraft- und Verformungszustände von allgemeinen, statisch bestimmten Stabtragwerken sowie von wichtigen Tragwerkstypen. Dabei vereint es die Grundlagen der technischen Mechanik mit der konzeptionellen, tragwerksspezifischen Problemlösung. Dargestellt werden die fundamentalen Abstraktions- und Arbeitsmethoden, die wesentlichen analytischen Berechnungsmethoden werden an typischen Beispielen erläutert. Die Neuauflage berücksichtigt aktuelle Normen und neue Bezeichnungen.
A Trail Called Home: Tree Stories from the Golden Horseshoe
by Paul O'HaraAn exploration of trees in the Golden Horseshoe and the stories they tell. Trees define so much of Canadian life, but many people, particularly in the Golden Horseshoe area of Ontario, don’t know that much about them. Granted, it is harder here: there are more trees that are native to this area than anywhere else in Canada. The great storytellers of the landscape, trees are looking glasses into the past. They speak of biology, ecology, and geology, as well as natural and human history. Through a greater understanding of trees, we can become more rooted to the land beneath our feet, and our place in it.
The Trail to Kanjiroba: Rediscovering Earth in an Age of Loss
by William deBuysA revitalizing new perspective on Earthcare from Pulitzer Prize finalist William deBuys.In 2016 and 2018 acclaimed author and conservationist William deBuys joined extended medical expeditions into Upper Dolpo, a remote, ethnically Tibetan region of northwestern Nepal, to provide basic medical services to the residents of the region. Having written about climate change and species extinction, deBuys went on those journeys seeking solace. He needed to find a constructive way of living with the discouraging implications of what he had learned about the diminishing chances of reversing the damage humans have done to Earth; he sought a way of holding onto hope in the face of devastating loss. As deBuys describes these journeys through one of Earth's remotest regions, his writing celebrates the land&’s staggering natural beauty, and treats his readers to deep dives into two scientific discoveries—the theories of natural selection and plate tectonics—that forever changed human understanding of our planet. Written in a vivid and nuanced style evocative of John McPhee or Peter Matthiessen, The Trail to Kanjiroba offers a surprising and revitalizing new way to think about Earthcare, one that may enable us to continue the difficult work that lies ahead.
The Trailblazers
by Kathiann M. KowalskiHere's how a few pioneers forged their own unique paths in the conservation movement.
Trails in Kinetic Theory: Foundational Aspects and Numerical Methods (SEMA SIMAI Springer Series #25)
by Giacomo Albi Sara Merino-Aceituno Alessia Nota Mattia ZanellaIn recent decades, kinetic theory - originally developed as a field of mathematical physics - has emerged as one of the most prominent fields of modern mathematics. In recent years, there has been an explosion of applications of kinetic theory to other areas of research, such as biology and social sciences. This book collects lecture notes and recent advances in the field of kinetic theory of lecturers and speakers of the School “Trails in Kinetic Theory: Foundational Aspects and Numerical Methods”, hosted at Hausdorff Institute for Mathematics (HIM) of Bonn, Germany, 2019, during the Junior Trimester Program “Kinetic Theory”. Focusing on fundamental questions in both theoretical and numerical aspects, it also presents a broad view of related problems in socioeconomic sciences, pedestrian dynamics and traffic flow management.
Trails in Modern Theoretical and Mathematical Physics: A Volume in Tribute to Giovanni Morchio
by Andrea Cintio Alessandro MichelangeliThis book celebrates the life and work of the late Giovanni Morchio (1944–2021). It features scientific and anecdotal contributions written by his former colleagues, co-authors, and students, as well as senior scientists who were active witnesses to the dramatic advances in physics and in mathematics that took place during his 50-year-long career. The volume begins with a biographical introduction, detailing Giovanni Morchio’s life and his role as a physicist, mathematician, teacher, and scientist. The core of the book covers a vast spectrum of ideas, reflecting Dr Morchio’s scientific interests. Each chapter develops a specific topic of modern research, ranging from quantum mechanics and quantum field theory to additional themes such as the connection between general relativity and Newtonian gravitation. Every contribution provides a historical retrospective, a survey of advances, an outlook of future perspectives and challenges, and an updated bibliography. The last part collects the authors’ recollections of their professional and personal interactions with Dr Morchio, in recognition of his deep achievements, his exceptional pedagogical qualities, and his praiseworthy social and pro bono commitment. Authored by physicists of international calibre covering a broad range of subjects, the book will be a valuable reference for researchers and students of theoretical and mathematical physics.
Trajectories in Oceanography (Springer Oceanography)
by Emil StanevThis book presents the development of oceanography of European regional and coastal seas over the last 50 years. It describes the evolution of scientific practice alongside the technological development of measurements and computer modelling. Emphasis is placed on transformation of basic research into applied science and services. This reflects the growing public awareness of ocean issues. The recent advancements in the field of operational oceanography are presented as an important scientific response to the needs of environmental protection and sustainable development. The book could be of interest to scientists and students in various fields of oceanography, to practitioners in the field, and to the general readership interested in environmental sciences.
Trajectories of Launch and Reentry Systems (Springer Aerospace Technology)
by Paolo TeofilattoThis book examines ascent trajectories of space launch vehicles and re-entry trajectories of space capsules. The decommissioned SCOUT is used as a reference launcher and the reader will be introduced to various and detailed aspects of a launch vehicle that are not generally available in the literature, since this information is limited to internal industry and agency reports. The SCOUT data are used here as a study case and the reader will be able to generate a complete numerical code using the general equations of flight introduced in different reference systems, including the time-dependent parameters representing the launcher and its environment with a high degree of accuracy. The guidance parameters for injection into orbits of different semiaxes, eccentricities and inclinations are determined by guessed values obtained by original analytical formulae. These formulae allow a fast and sufficiently accurate design of the rocket trajectory within the atmosphere; in the exo-atmospheric flight closed form solutions of the optimal problem of injection into orbit are provided. The second part of the book deals with re-entry trajectories. Basic analytical formulae for ballistic reentry are presented to evaluate the reentry trajectory and the capsule design in terms of critical parameters such as temperature and load peak. Entry corridors for ballistic reentry trajectories are then determined for various planets with atmospheres. The effect of lift is analysed to increase the entry corridors and guide the capsule to a target landing point. Autonomous and real-time guidance algorithms are developed for capsule of low aerodynamic efficiency and winged re-entry vehicles.
A Trajectory Description of Quantum Processes. II. Applications: A Bohmian Perspective (Lecture Notes in Physics #831)
by Ángel S. Sanz Salvador Miret-ArtésTrajectory-based formalisms are an intuitively appealing way of describing quantum processes because they allow the use of "classical" concepts. Beginning as an introductory level suitable for students, this two-volume monograph presents (1) the fundamentals and (2) the applications of the trajectory description of basic quantum processes. This second volume is focussed on simple and basic applications of quantum processes such as interference and diffraction of wave packets, tunneling, diffusion and bound-state and scattering problems. The corresponding analysis is carried out within the Bohmian framework. By stressing its interpretational aspects, the book leads the reader to an alternative and complementary way to better understand the underlying quantum dynamics.
Transactions in International Land Management: Volume 1 (International Land Management Ser. #Vol. 2)
by Robert W. Dixon-Gough Reinfried MansbergerTransactions in International Land Management is a new series of volumes which provides an arena for the debate of key topical issues on this subject. In this first volume, the subjects divide into three broad sections. Firstly, there are analyses of land reform and agrarian structure in Europe, including case studies from Macedonia and Estonia and a comparative examination of land registration and agrarian reform in Austria and Great Britain. Secondly, there are chapters looking at various methodologies and tools used in developing and appraising land management, including Geo-information systems. Finally, there are a couple of chapters which study urban growth in Africa: one examining a mining town in Zambia and the other focussing on housing in Zanzibar to discuss issues of informal land delivery and management.
Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems LVII (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14970)
by Abdelkader Hameurlain A Min TjoaThe LNCS journal Transactions on Large-scale Data and Knowledge-centered Systemsfocuses on data management, knowledge discovery, and knowledge processing, which arecore and hot topics in computer science. Since the 1990s, the Internet has become the maindriving force behind application development in all domains. An increase in the demand forresource sharing (e.g. computing resources, services, metadata, data sources) across differentsites connected through networks has led to an evolution of data- and knowledge-managementsystems from centralized systems to decentralized systems enabling large-scale distributedapplications providing high scalability. This, the 57th issue of Transactions on Large-scale Data and Knowledge-centered Systems,contains five fully revised selected regular papers. Topics covered include leveraging machinelearning for effective data management, access control models, reciprocal authorizations,Internet of Things, digital forensics, code similarity search, volunteered geographicinformation, and spatial data quality.
The Transantarctic Mountains
by Gunter Faure Teresa M. MensingThis book presents a summary of the geology of the Transantarctic Mountains for Earth scientists who may want to work there or who need an overview of the geologic history of this region. In addition, the properties of the East Antarctic ice sheet and of the meteorites that accumulate on its surface are treated in separate chapters. The presentation ends with the Cenozoic glaciation of the Transantarctic Mountains including the limnology and geochemical evolution of the saline lakes in the ice-free valleys. * The subject matter in this book is presented in chronological order starting about 750 million years ago and continuing to the present time. * The chapters can be read selectively because the introduction to each chapter identifies the context that gives relevance to the subject matter to be discussed. * The text is richly illustrated with 330 original line drawings as well as with 182 color maps and photographs. * The book contains indexes of both subject matter and of authors' names that allow it to be used as an encyclopedia of the Transantarctic Mountains and of the East Antarctic ice sheet. * Most of the chapters are supplemented by Appendices containing data tables, additional explanations of certain phenomena (e.g., the formation and seasonal destruction of stratospheric ozone), and illustrative calculations (e.g., 38Cl dates of meteorites). * The authors have spent a combined total of fourteen field seasons between 1964 and 1995 doing geological research in the Transantarctic Mountains with logistical support by the US Antarctic Program. * Although Antarctica is remote and inaccessible, tens of thousands of scientists of many nationalities and their assistants have worked there and even larger numbers of investigators will work there in the future.
Transboundary Aquifers in the Eastern Borders of The European Union
by Tomasz NałęczThis book focuses on sustainable use and protection of transboundary aquifers located along the eastern border of European Union starting from the Baltic Sea and end in the Black Sea. The groundwater resources in this region play a very important role not only as a source of clean and safe drinking water, but also for social, economic and safety reasons. This publication sheds light on a wide range of real problems related to the management of groundwater, problems that are characteristic for most countries situated in the East European region. It also identifies potential threats that may materialise in the absence of cooperation between countries and appropriate measures to jointly manage the shared water resources in the region. Experience from some ongoing projects towards integrated management of transboundary aquifers (research, monitoring and data analysis) is reported. The book is addressed, in particular, to groundwater academics, researchers and experts as well as water management specialists interested in solving environmental issues extended to more than one country territory. On the other hand presented knowledge and experience would be also useful for decision makers especially to support environmental decision processes in border areas and work on preparation of international agreements on groundwater management.