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Climatology in Cold Regions
by Chenghai WangClimatology in Cold Regions A groundbreaking interdisciplinary study of cold-region weather systems and their vital role in predicting climate change across the globe Climatology in Cold Regions explores the complexities of land−atmospheric interaction across the Earth’s cryosphere, systematically placing soil thawing, snow melting, surface diabatic heating, and other processes within the context of broader climatological models. Drawing from a wealth of new data, leading atmospheric scientist Chenghai Wang illustrates how cold-region weather systems can be parameterized to improve seasonal climate prediction and provide crucial insights into projected changes in climate over the next 50-100 years. The book opens with an introduction to the characteristics and classification of cold-region climatology, followed by a detailed description of the primary weather systems and land surface processes in cold regions. The core of the book presents a new approach for seasonal climate prediction using signals obtained from cryospheric processes, supported by a discussion of climate disasters and the impact of climate change on the ecology of cold regions. Introduces a new way of modeling climate in cold regions Offers novel approaches for assessing climate signals from cold regions in seasonal and sub-seasonal predictions Presents new data on the role of cold-region climatology in forecasting and driving global temperature changes Discusses the role of cold regions as the main source of global freshwater supply A significant contribution to climate research and beyond, Climatology in Cold Regions is essential reading for students, scientists, and researchers in the atmospheric sciences, meteorology, ecology, hydrology, and Earth sciences.
Climatology of West Africa
by Derek F. Hayward Julius S. OguntoyinboOriginally published in 1987, this book brings together information previously buried in specialist sources and makes it available to the student in a non-technical and well-illustrated synthesis. It builds a clear and detailed picture of the climates of West Africa, describing and explaining them and showing how crucial this understanding is to everyday life. The climate’s relevance to water resources, agriculture, health and industry is systematically considered.
Clinical and Biomedical Engineering in the Human Nose: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach (Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering)
by Jiyuan Tu Kiao Inthavong Narinder Singh Eugene WongThis book explores computational fluid dynamics in the context of the human nose, allowing readers to gain a better understanding of its anatomy and physiology and integrates recent advances in clinical rhinology, otolaryngology and respiratory physiology research. It focuses on advanced research topics, such as virtual surgery, AI-assisted clinical applications and therapy, as well as the latest computational modeling techniques, controversies, challenges and future directions in simulation using CFD software. Presenting perspectives and insights from computational experts and clinical specialists (ENT) combined with technical details of the computational modeling techniques from engineers, this unique reference book will give direction to and inspire future research in this emerging field.
Close Encounters of Art and Physics: An Artist's View
by Laura PesceClose Encounters of Art and Physics is a voyage in time through the abstract ideas harboured in the minds of humans, starting from the graffiti art of cave dwellers and extending to the street art of contemporary men and women. In seeking parallels with science, the author looks far back to the first geometric ideas of our ancestors as well as ahead to the contemporary science of present-day physicists. The parallelism and analogies between these two fields bear witness to a real entanglement in the human brain. The second part of the book contains about 25 colour images showing the author's stunning glass artwork representing ideas such as dark matter, quantum entanglement, cellular automata and many others that are almost impossible to capture in words. Furthermore, many of the physicists who have themselves made major contributions in these fields provide their comments and analysis of the works. The book provides entertaining and informative reading, not only for practicing artists and physicists, but also anyone curious about art and physics.
Close Reading the Anthropocene
by Helena FederReading poetry and prose, images and art, literary and critical theory, science and cultural studies, Close Reading the Anthropocene explores the question of meaning, its importance and immanent potential for loss, in the new geological epoch of the Anthropocene. Both close reading and scientific ecology prioritize slowing down and looking around to apprehend similarities and differences, to recognize and value interconnections. Here "close" suggests careful attention to both the reading subject and read "object." Moving between places, rocks, plants, animals, atmosphere, and eclipses, this interdisciplinary edited collection grounds the complex relations between text and world in the environmental humanities. The volume’s wide-ranging chapters are critical, often polemical, engagements with the question of the Anthropocene and the changing conversation around reading, interpretation, and textuality. They exemplify a range of work from across the globe and will be of great interest to scholars and students of the environmental humanities, ecocriticism, and literary studies.
Close to Home: The Wonders of Nature Just Outside Your Door
by Thor HansonAn award-winning natural-history writer presents "the perfect mix of science and story" (Sy Montgomery), opening the door to the nature that thrives in our yards, gardens, and parks: "I couldn't put it down" (Doug Tallamy). We all live on nature&’s doorstep, but we often overlook it. From backyards to local parks, the natural places we see the most may well be the ones we know the least. In Close to Home, biologist Thor Hanson shows how retraining our eyes reveals hidden wonders just waiting to be discovered. In Kansas City, migrating monarch butterflies flock to the local zoo. In the Pacific Northwest, fierce yellowjackets placidly sip honeydew, unseen in the treetops. In New England, a lawn gone slightly wild hosts a naturalist's life's work. And in the soil beneath our feet, remedies for everything from breast cancer to the stench of skunks lie waiting for someone&’s searching shovel. Close to Home is a hands-on natural history for any local patch of Earth. It shows that we each can contribute to science and improve the health of our planet. And even more, it proves that the wonders of nature don&’t lie in some far-off land: they await us, close to home.
Closed Loop Management in Mineral Resource Extraction: Turning Online Geo-Data into Mining Intelligence (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Jörg BenndorfThis book describes an innovative closed-loop concept that allows the feedback of online data from operational monitoring to create mining intelligence. The application of this concept promises significant improvements in economic and environmental key performance indicators for any mining operation.Combining theory with industrial case studies, the book guides readers through this process by providing theoretical background, addressing practical issues related to operational implementation, and illustrating the impact on selected examples. This new concept is presented using the example of a bulk and gold mining application, but is applicable at any mine where grade control is important.The book is of interest to industrial professionals involved in operational monitoring, mining intelligence, and mine planning optimization, as well as to researchers and academics in the field of applied geostatistics.
Closet Space: Geographies of Metaphor from the Body to the Globe (Critical Geographies Ser.)
by Michael P. BrownIs the closet just a metaphor? Closet Space provides a highly original account of the spatial metaphor of "the closet", and is the first geography text to focus on this important issue. Using a variety of research techniques and materials, the book explores the closet through texts including:* the oral histories of gay men in the UK and US* the sexualised landscape of a New Zealand city* the national census of Britain and the US* international travel guides and traveloguesand refers to the work of Butler, Lefebvre and Foucault.
Closing Rice Yield Gaps in Asia: Innovations, Scaling, and Policies for Environmentally Sustainable Lowland Rice Production
by Martin Gummert Melanie Connor Grant Robert SingletonThis open access book contributes not only to the scientific literature on sustainable agricultural development and in particular rice agriculture but also is highly valuable to assist practitioners, projects, and policymakers due to its sections on reducing carbon footprint, agricultural innovations, and lessons learned from a multi-country/multi-stages development project. The scope of the book is conceived as a detailed documentation of the implementation, dissemination, and impact of the CORIGAP project in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Vietnam, and Indonesia, with spill-over to Cambodia and the Philippines. It pulls together actionable research findings with the experience of bringing these findings into use. The aim of the book is to provide a wide array of pathways to impact for sustainable rice production in lowland irrigated rice-based agricultural systems. The book is written by local actors of the rice value chain, researchers, and engineers working on a range of best management practices, climate-smart rice production innovations, knowledge translation, and dissemination, as well as decision-making and policy aspects. It is envisioned that the contents of the book can be translated into messages that can help farmers, extension workers, policymakers, and funders of agricultural development, decide on implementing best management practices and climate-smart technologies in their agroecological systems by presenting the technological/practical options along the rice value chain and the partnerships and business models required for their implementation. The book is aimed at practitioners, extension specialists, researchers, and engineers interested in information on current best management practices, sustainable, and climate-smart rice production and constraints that need further investigation. Furthermore, the book is also aimed at policymakers and agricultural development funders required by public opinion and legally binding agreements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, conserve biodiversity and increase agroecological practices, who are looking for research-based evidence to guide policymaking and implementation.
Closing the Equity Gap: Creating Wealth and Fostering Justice in Startup Investing
by Freada Kapor Klein Mitchell KaporA social activist and an entrepreneur remake the future of investing and business, offering a win-win road map for creating wealth and addressing inequalities by investing in groundbreaking tech companies that defy assumptions from Silicon Valley to Wall Street.Companies backed by venture capital drive the U.S. economy, accounting for hundreds of billions of dollars in sales and profits. The problem is that most of the wealth created winds up enriching elites, while the businesses funded by venture capitalists widen economic inequality. Committed to doing things differently, tech venture capitalists Freada Kapor Klein and Mitch Kapor launched Kapor Capital to prove that investing in gap-closing startups—companies whose services or products close opportunity gaps for both communities of color and low-income communities—is good business. Over the past decade, they’ve broadened the definition of success to include profits and accountability for the impacts a business has on employees, communities, and the planet, helping to launch close to two hundred companies engaged in achieving social and economic justice while showing remarkable growth, with many valued in the hundreds of millions or billions of dollars.Like every VC firm, Kapor Capital has experienced high-profile blowups and total losses. But its investing principles have created a stunning new ecosystem of Black and Latinx entrepreneurs, CEOs, and investors, all devising innovative, effective solutions to address the most pernicious problems afflicting many of America’s poorest communities. In Closing the Equity Gap, Freada and Mitch share their core belief that all companies must make a positive impact and that the obstacles entrepreneurs overcome in life are a far better predictor of long-term success than the schools they attend or investment dollars they raise from friends and family. Using stories behind some of the most remarkable companies ever launched, they show that the standard investment model doesn’t work, how it can be fixed, and what the future could look like if more investors joined them.
Closing the Knowledge-Implementation Gap in Conservation Science: Interdisciplinary Evidence Transfer Across Sectors and Spatiotemporal Scales (Wildlife Research Monographs #4)
by Catarina C. Ferreira Cornelya F. C. KlütschThis book aims to synthesize the state of the art on biodiversity knowledge exchange practices to understand where and how improvements can be made to close the knowledge-implementation gap in conservation science and advance this interdisciplinary topic. Bringing together the most prominent scholars and practitioners in the field, the book looks into the various sources used to produce biodiversity knowledge - from natural and social sciences to Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Citizen Science - as well as knowledge mobilization approaches to highlight the key ingredients that render successful conservation action at a global scale. By doing so, the book identified major current challenges and opportunities in the field, for different sectors that generate, mobilize, and use biodiversity knowledge (like academia, boundary organizations, practitioners, and policy-makers), to further develop cross-sectorial knowledge mobilization strategies and enhance evidence-informed decision-making processes globally.
Closure And Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System
by Committee on Review Evaluation of the Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal ProgramJohnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS), the first fully integrated chemical agent disposal facility, is located on Johnston Island some 800 miles southwest of Hawaii. JACADS completed ten years of operations in November 2000, which resulted in the disposal of more than 2000 tons of nerve and mustard agents. In 1998, the Army began planning for closure and dismantling of the facility. In 1999, the NRC was asked to review the Army's planning. This book presents an assessment of planned and ongoing closure activities on Johnston Island in some detail. It also provides an analysis of the likely implications for closure of disposal facilities at eight continental U. S. storage sites.
Cloud Computing for Geospatial Big Data Analytics: Intelligent Edge, Fog And Mist Computing (Studies in Big Data #49)
by Himansu Das Rabindra K. Barik Harishchandra Dubey Diptendu Sinha RoyThis book introduces the latest research findings in cloud, edge, fog, and mist computing and their applications in various fields using geospatial data. It solves a number of problems of cloud computing and big data, such as scheduling, security issues using different techniques, which researchers from industry and academia have been attempting to solve in virtual environments. Some of these problems are of an intractable nature and so efficient technologies like fog, edge and mist computing play an important role in addressing these issues. By exploring emerging advances in cloud computing and big data analytics and their engineering applications, the book enables researchers to understand the mechanisms needed to implement cloud, edge, fog, and mist computing in their own endeavours, and motivates them to examine their own research findings and developments.
Cloud Security: Concepts, Applications and Perspectives (Cyber Ecosystem and Security)
by Brij B GuptaCloud computing is an indispensable part of the modern Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems. Cloud computing services have proven to be of significant importance, and promote quickly deployable and scalable IT solutions with reduced infrastructure costs. However, utilization of cloud also raises concerns such as security, privacy, latency, and governance, that keep it from turning into the predominant option for critical frameworks. As such, there is an urgent need to identify these concerns and to address them.Cloud Security: Concepts, Applications and Perspectives is a comprehensive work with substantial technical details for introducing the state-of-the-art research and development on various approaches for security and privacy of cloud services; novel attacks on cloud services; cloud forensics; novel defenses for cloud service attacks; and cloud security analysis. It discusses the present techniques and methodologies, and provides a wide range of examples and illustrations to effectively show the concepts, applications, and perspectives of security in cloud computing. This highly informative book will prepare readers to exercise better protection by understanding the motivation of attackers and to deal with them to mitigate the situation. In addition, it covers future research directions in the domain. This book is suitable for professionals in the field, researchers, students who are want to carry out research in the field of computer and cloud security, faculty members across universities, and software developers engaged in software development in the field.
Cloud Structure and Distributions over the Tropical Pacific Ocean
by Herbert Riehl Joanne S. MalkusThis title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1964.This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived</DIV
Cloud Warriors: Deadly Storms, Climate Chaos—and the Pioneers Creating a Revolution in Weather Forecasting
by Thomas E. WeberThe unprecedented inside story of the people pushing boundaries of science and technology to build better weather forecasts—providing life-saving warnings and crucial intelligence about nature’s deadliest threatsKiller tornadoes. Catastrophic hurricanes. Lethal heat waves. Across the United States and around the world, extreme weather events bring an unending torrent of death and destruction. One indispensable tool consistently offers the ability to help reduce the impact of these calamities: the weather forecast. For centuries, humans have sought to foretell nature’s next moves, from ancient farmers to trailblazers of the Space Age, who brought computers and satellites to bear on the problem. Now a new wave of advances, including artificial intelligence and data-gathering drones, makes it possible to accurately detect these fearsome events further in advance. They provide critical time to prepare and get people out of harm’s way—an undertaking made ever more urgent by the effects of climate change.In a remarkable tale of innovation and perseverance, veteran journalist Thomas E. Weber takes readers into the world of the pioneers creating these game-changing forecasts. From storm chasers racing to hunt twisters and physicists unraveling the secrets of the atmosphere, from scientists studying how people react to warnings to humanitarian groups rushing to avert famines, Weber goes behind the scenes to show how predictions keep getting better. He explains what’s needed to turn these forecasts into actions that prevent tragedies and how anyone can become more weather literate to protect themselves in emergencies. Cloud Warriors will change the way you think about treacherous weather—and the power of being able to see it coming.
Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics: Principles and Parameterizations
by Jerry M. StrakaThis book focuses specifically on bin and bulk parameterizations for the prediction of cloud and precipitation at various scales - the cloud scale, mesoscale, synoptic scale, and the global climate scale. It provides a background to the fundamental principles of parameterization physics, including processes involved in the production of clouds, ice particles, liquid water, snow aggregate, graupel and hail. It presents full derivations of the parameterizations, allowing readers to build parameterization packages, with varying levels of complexity based on information in the book. Architectures for a range of dynamical models are given, in which parameterizations form a significant tool for investigating large non-linear numerical systems. Model codes are available online at www.cambridge.org/9780521883382. Written for researchers and advanced students of cloud and precipitation microphysics, this book is also a valuable reference for all atmospheric scientists involved in models of numerical weather prediction.
Cloud-Resolving Modeling of Convective Processes (Springer Atmospheric Sciences)
by Xiaofan Li Shouting GaoThis is an updated and revised second edition of the book presenting new developments in the field of cloud-resolving modeling. The first edition of the book introduces the framework of cloud-resolving model, methodologies for analysis of modeling outputs, and validation of simulations with observations. It details important scientific findings in the aspects of surface rainfall processes, precipitation efficiency, dynamic and thermodynamic processes associated with tropical convection, diurnal variations, radiative and cloud microphysical processes associated with development of cloud clusters, air-sea coupling on convective scales, climate equilibrium states, and remote sensing applications. In additional to the content from the first edition of the book, the second edition of the book contains the new scientific results in the development of convective-stratiform rainfall separation scheme, the analysis of structures of precipitation systems, the thermal effects of doubled carbon dioxide on rainfall, precipitation predictability, and modeling depositional growth of ice crystal. The book will be beneficial both to graduate students and to researchers who do cloud, mesoscale and global modeling.
Clouds (Let's Read and Find Out Science)
by Anne Rockwell Frané LessacDo you ever wake up and wonder what the weather will be? Instead of turning on the TV to find out, you can just look out your window at the clouds. How do you know what type of clouds can forecast a change of weather? Read and find out.
Clouds and Climate: Climate Science's Greatest Challenge (Space Sciences Series Of Issi Ser. #65)
by Sandrine Bony Bjorn Stevens A. Pier Siebesma Christian JakobCloud research is a rapidly developing branch of climate science that's vital to climate modelling. With new observational and simulation technologies our knowledge of clouds and their role in the warming climate is accelerating. This book provides a comprehensive overview of research on clouds and their role in our present and future climate, covering theoretical, observational, and modelling perspectives. Part I discusses clouds from three different perspectives: as particles, light and fluid. Part II describes our capability to model clouds, ranging from theoretical conceptual models to applied parameterised representations. Part III describes the interaction of clouds with the large-scale circulation in the tropics, mid-latitudes, and polar regions. Part IV describes how clouds are perturbed by aerosols, the land-surface, and global warming. Each chapter contains end-of-chapter exercises and further reading sections, making this an ideal resource for advanced students and researchers in climatology, atmospheric science, meteorology, and climate change.
Clouds and Their Climatic Impact: Radiation, Circulation, and Precipitation (Geophysical Monograph Series #281)
by Corinna Hoose Sylvia C. SullivanClouds and Their Climatic Impacts Clouds are an influential and complex element of Earth’s climate system. They evolve rapidly in time and exist over small spatial scales, but also affect global radiative balance and large-scale circulations. With more powerful models and extensive observations now at our disposal, the climate impact of clouds is receiving ever more research attention. Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts: Radiation, Circulation, and Precipitation presents an overview of our current understanding on various types of clouds and cloud systems and their multifaceted role in the radiative budget, circulation patterns, and rainfall. Volume highlights include: Interactions of aerosol with both liquid and ice clouds Surface and atmospheric cloud radiative feedbacks and effects Arctic, extratropical, and tropical clouds Cloud-circulation coupling at global, meso, and micro scales Precipitation efficiency, phase, and measurements The role of machine learning in understanding clouds and climate The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Cloudspotting for Beginners
by Gavin Pretor-Pinney William GrillA beautifully illustrated guide to clouds and the sky for inspiring and educating curious minds with meteorological wonder.Renowned journalist, public speaker, and founder of the Cloud Appreciation Society Gavin Pretor-Pinney details the key facts and characteristics about each major cloud type. To accompany these scientific tidbits, William Grill&’s gorgeous illustrations of vast colorful skies and mesmerizing cloud patterns create a calming, thought-provoking learning experience.From low-lying Stratus to high-flying Cirrus, Cloudspotting for Beginners covers how clouds are formed, the altitudes they prefer, the curious shapes they take, how they affect other meterological events, and more. The book breaks down the life and structure of a cloud on a molecular level, and then even expands on their interesting cross-planetary variations—for example, Jupiter&’s clouds are composed of ammonia ice crystals and Saturn&’s clouds congregate in an inexplicable hexagon around the planet's North Pole.Clouds require a fascinating amount of chemical precision in order to exist, yet they disappear and form again on a daily basis with ease. Cloudspotting for Beginners is a whimsical lesson on the oft-overlooked extraordinary lives of clouds that will serve as a gentle reminder to be present and observant in the face of impermanence. Just as informative as it is poetic and peaceful, this is the perfect guide for cloud appreciators and sky lovers.
Clubbing: Dancing, Ecstasy, Vitality (Critical Geographies)
by Ben MalbonClubbing explores the cultures and spaces of clubbing. Divided into three sections: Beginnings, The Night Out and Reflections, Clubbing includes first-hand accounts of clubbing experiences, framing these accounts within the relevant research and a review of clubbing in late-1990s Britain.Malbon particularly focuses on:the codes of social interaction among clubbersissues of gender and sexualitythe effects of musicthe role of ecstasyclubbing as a playful actand personal interpretations of clubbing experiences.
Cluster Dynamics in Transition Economies: The Case of Albania (SpringerBriefs in Geography)
by Elona KarafiliThis book analyses the effectiveness of policies adopted in cluster promotion, using complexity thinking and evolutionary economic geography approaches. It studies cluster dynamics in transition economies, exploring the case of Albania.In developing countries, the ‘model’ of the developed countries, is often seen as the endpoint of a trajectory that must be followed meticulously, implying a view on modernization as a linear and uniform process. They tend to import policies from these ‘success models’ showing minimal regard to their context and institutional capabilities; therefore, more often than not, such policies show little effectiveness.This research on cluster policies in Albania confirms this. It suggests that in Albania there is a need to revise the way of thinking about clusters, considering them first and foremost as relational networks, instead of physically bound industrial districts.While there is questioning of top-down policies and the national innovation systems prerogative, the suggested model by this research, in line with some of the most recent policy frameworks, advocates the need for flexibility, bottom-up initiatives and place-based approaches.By means of conclusion, the book comes up with an alternative model of territorial policies for cluster development, shifting from ‘static’ towards ‘dynamic’ planning.
Clusters and Regional Development: Critical Reflections and Explorations (Regions and Cities)
by Ron Martin Philip Cooke Bjørn AsheimUsing international examples, leading scholars present the first critical analysis of cluster theory, assessing the cluster notion and drawing out, not only its undoubted strengths and attractions, but also its weaknesses and limitations. Over the past decade the ‘cluster model’ has been seized on as a tool for promoting competitiveness, innovation and growth on local, regional and national scales. However, despite its popularity there is much about it that is problematic, and in some respects the rush to employ ‘cluster ideas’ has run ahead of many fundamental conceptual, theoretical and empirical questions. Addressing key questions on the nature, use and effectiveness of cluster models, Clusters and Regional Development provides the missing thorough theoretical and empirical evaluation.