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Driving the Future: Combating Climate Change with Cleaner, Smarter Cars
by Fred Krupp Margo T OgeNow in paperback, with a new foreword by Fred Krupp, an expert's illuminating preview of the cleaner, lighter, smarter cars of the future.In Driving the Future, Margo T. Oge portrays a future where clean, intelligent vehicles with lighter frames and alternative power trains will produce zero emissions and run at 100+ mpg. With electronic architectures more like those of airplanes, cars will be smarter and safer, will park themselves, and will network with other vehicles on the road to drive themselves. As the director of the EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Oge was the chief architect behind the Obama administration’s landmark 2012 deal with automakers in the US market to double the fuel efficiency of their fleets and to cut greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2025. This was America’s first formal climate action using regulation to reduce emissions through innovation in car design.Offering an insider account of the partnership between federal agencies, California, environmental groups, and car manufacturers that led to the historic deal, Margo discusses the science of climate change, the politics of addressing it, and the lessons learned for policy makers. She also takes the reader through the convergence of macro trends that will drive this innovation over the next forty years and be every bit as transformative as those wrought by Karl Benz and Henry Ford. Driving the Future is for anyone who wants to know what car they’ll be driving in ten, twenty, or thirty years-and for everyone concerned about air quality and climate change now.
Drop: An Adventure through the Water Cycle
by Emily Kate MoonA water ride like you've never experienced before, featuring the cutest drop of water in all of precipitation.Meet Drop. She's water! And she's seen a thing or two. Yep, even dinosaurs; she's four and a half billion years old, after all. Everywhere Drop flows--and she flows everywhere--she keeps things moving, making life on earth possible, and having a great time doing it. (Have you ever plummeted from a rain cloud? Or took a thousand-year nap in a glacier? Drop knows how to live right.) With delightful panache and a steady stream of funny one-liners, Drop takes readers on an adventure through the water cycle and beyond. Filled with irresistible artwork, funny asides, and a steady sprinkle of kid-enticing facts, Drop is the story about water you never knew you were thirsting for. "Splashy and original." —Kirkus"A stand out from others of its type." —SLC&“An endearing, conversational introduction to the water cycle.&” —PW
Droplet Interactions and Spray Processes (Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications #121)
by Bernhard Weigand Grazia Lamanna Simona Tonini Gianpietro Elvio CossaliThis book provides a selection of contributions to the DIPSI workshop 2019 (Droplet Impact Phenomena & Spray Investigations) as well as recent progress of the Int. Research Training Group “DROPIT”.The DIPSI workshop, which is now at its thirteenth edition, represents an important opportunity to share recent knowledge on droplets and sprays in a variety of research fields and industrial applications. The research training group “DROPIT” is focused on droplet interaction technologies where microscopic effects influence strongly macroscopic behavior. This requires the inclusion of interface kinetics and/or a detailed analysis of surface microstructures. Normally, complicated technical processes cover the underlying basic mechanisms, and therefore, progress in the overall process modelling can hardly be gained. Therefore, DROPIT focuses on the underlying basic processes. This is done by investigating different spatial and/or temporal scales of the problems and by linking them through a multi-scale approach. In addition, multi-physics are required to understand e.g. problems for droplet-wall interactions, where porous structures are involved.
Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants, Vol 1
by Lam-Son Phan Tran Mohammad Anwar Hossain Shabir Hussain Wani Soumen Bhattacharjee David J BurrittAbiotic stress adversely affects crop production worldwide, decreasing average yields for most of the crops to 50%. Among various abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production, drought stress is considered to be the main source of yield reduction around the globe. Due to an increasing world population, drought stress will lead to a serious food shortage by 2050. The situation may become worse due to predicated global climate change that may multiply the frequency and duration and severity of such abiotic stresses. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding on complex mechanisms of drought stress tolerance and to develop modern varieties that are more resilient to drought stress. Identification of the potential novel genes responsible for drought tolerance in crop plants will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of crop responses to drought stress. The discovery of novel genes, the analysis of their expression patterns in response to drought stress, and the determination of their potential functions in drought stress adaptation will provide the basis of effective engineering strategies to enhance crop salt stress tolerance. Although the in-depth water stress tolerance mechanisms is still unclear, it can be to some extent explained on the basis of ion homeostasis mediated by stress adaptation effectors, toxic radical scavenging, osmolyte biosynthesis, water transport, and long distance signaling response coordination. Importantly, complete elucidation of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms for drought stress, perception, transduction, and tolerance is still a challenge to the plant biologists. The findings presented in volume 1 call attention to the physiological and biochemical modalities of drought stress that influence crop productivity, whereas volume 2 summarizes our current understanding on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of drought stress resistance in plants.
Drought Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.)
by Muhammad Aslam Muhammad Amir Maqbool Rahime CengizThis book focuses on early germination, one of maize germplasm most important strategies for adapting to drought-induced stress. Some genotypes have the ability to adapt by either reducing water losses or by increasing water uptake. Drought tolerance is also an adaptive strategy that enables crop plants to maintain their normal physiological processes and deliver higher economical yield despite drought stress. Several processes are involved in conferring drought tolerance in maize: the accumulation of osmolytes or antioxidants, plant growth regulators, stress proteins and water channel proteins, transcription factors and signal transduction pathways. Drought is one of the most detrimental forms of abiotic stress around the world and seriously limits the productivity of agricultural crops. Maize, one of the leading cereal crops in the world, is sensitive to drought stress. Maize harvests are affected by drought stress at different growth stages in different regions. Numerous events in the life of maize crops can be affected by drought stress: germination potential, seedling growth, seedling stand establishment, overall growth and development, pollen and silk development, anthesis silking interval, pollination, and embryo, endosperm and kernel development. Though every maize genotype has the ability to avoid or withstand drought stress, there is a concrete need to improve the level of adaptability to drought stress to address the global issue of food security. The most common biological strategies for improving drought stress resistance include screening available maize germplasm for drought tolerance, conventional breeding strategies, and marker-assisted and genomic-assisted breeding and development of transgenic maize. As a comprehensive understanding of the effects of drought stress, adaptive strategies and potential breeding tools is the prerequisite for any sound breeding plan, this brief addresses these aspects.
Drought and Water Crises: Integrating Science, Management, and Policy, Second Edition (Drought and Water Crises)
by Donald Wilhite Roger S. PulwartyOver the past decade there have been extraordinary advances towards drought risk reduction with the development of new water-conserving technologies, and new tools for planning, vulnerability and impact assessment, mitigation, and policy. Drought and Water Crises: Integrating Science, Management, and Policy, Second Edition comprehensively captures this evolving progress as it discusses drought management in the light of present risks, global climate change and public policy actions. This new edition emphasizes the paradigm shift from managing disasters to managing risk, reflecting the global emphasis that has evolved in recent years, a new focus that shines light on preparedness strategies and the tools and methods that are essential in drought risk reduction. The book provides additional relevant case studies that integrate this new approach and discusses examples applied in both developed and developing countries.
Drought and Water Scarcity in the UK: Social Science Perspectives on Governance, Knowledge and Outreach (Global Challenges in Water Governance)
by Kevin GreckschThis book presents a social science perspective on drought and water scarcity in the UK. It puts forward a narrative of how different stakeholders manage drought and water scarcity, how they generate and manage knowledge and how power relationships between stakeholders shape drought and water scarcity management. The book begins with an analysis and critique of all water resources management plans produced by English and Welsh water supply companies for the period 2014-2019 and introduces a novel typology for drought management options. It then moves on to discuss the effect of drought and water scarcity on businesses and production processes as well as how knowledge about drought and water scarcity is generated, by whom and for what purpose. Ultimately the book argues for the urgent need to engage people in the UK about water issues and offers a novel perspective on how to communicate and engage with drought research.
Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Multi-Disciplinary and Cross-Country Perspective
by Rashid M. Hassan Kurt Schwabe Jeffery Connor José Albiac Liliana Meza GonzálezOffering a cross-country examination and comparison of drought awareness and experience, this book shows how scientists, water managers, and policy makers approach drought and water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions of Spain, Mexico, Australia, South Africa and the United States.
Drought in Brazil: Proactive Management and Policy (Drought and Water Crises)
by Erwin De Nys, Nathan L. Engle & Antônio Rocha MagalhãesDrought is a slow-onset natural hazard that is often referred to as a creeping phenomenon. The challenge of monitoring drought’s onset and evolution, and identifying its termination or end is one that scientists, natural resource managers, and decision makers have been struggling with for decades. However, drought management must be aimed at reducing the risks of future drought events on economies, the environment, and the social fabric of regions. As with many countries, droughts are often managed as a crisis in Brazil, rather than events for which officials and communities proactively prepare. Although droughts are not new to Brazil, the recent spate of droughts in the poverty stricken semi-arid Northeast and the industrial hub of São Paulo in the Southeast has forced the country to think more seriously about finally changing its drought policies and management approaches. The book is told through the perspectives of the ministers and secretaries, state policy and technical officials, civil society organizations, and development practitioners that helped to facilitate the shift in paradigm in Brazil from crisis management and towards proactive management of droughts. It is written in a style that is appealing to both technical and non-technical audiences, and aims to provide a framework and lessons for other countries to consider when embarking upon similar efforts to improve their own drought policy and management systems.
Drought in Bulgaria: A Contemporary Analog for Climate Change (Ashgate Studies In Environmental Policy And Practice)
by Ivan RaevGiven the different geographical and human contexts in which climate change impacts will be experienced, thinking by analogy provides one useful way to explore dimensions of such change. This landmark book, based on the human dimensions of global change paradigm, examines climate impacts through the study of a contemporary society's response to a drought period analogous to expected future climate. Bulgaria suffered severe drought from 1982 to 1994, conditions which models suggest better reflects future climate than existing norms. The Center for Integrated Regional Assessment at Penn State and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences collaborated to research this drought period as an analogy for future climate. This book shows their assessment of what can be learned from the impacts of and responses to contemporary drought in Bulgaria. It therefore makes an important contribution to the literature on regional climate change and methods used to address anticipated impacts of that change.
Drought, Flood, Fire: How Climate Change Contributes to Catastrophes
by Chris C. FunkEvery year, droughts, floods, and fires impact hundreds of millions of people and cause massive economic losses. Climate change is making these catastrophes more dangerous. Now. Not in the future: NOW. This book describes how and why climate change is already fomenting dire consequences, and will certainly make climate disasters worse in the near future. Chris C. Funk combines the latest science with compelling stories, providing a timely, accessible, and beautifully-written synopsis of this critical topic. The book describes our unique and fragile Earth system, and the negative impacts humans are having on our support systems. It then examines recent disasters, including heat waves, extreme precipitation, hurricanes, fires, El Niños and La Niñas, and their human consequences. By clearly describing the dangerous impacts that are already occurring, Funk provides a clarion call for social change, yet also conveys the beauty and wonder of our planet, and hope for our collective future.
Drought, Risk Management, and Policy: Decision-Making Under Uncertainty (Drought and Water Crises)
by Linda Courtenay Botterill Geoff CockfieldAustralia and the United States face very similar challenges in dealing with drought. Both countries cover a range of biophysical conditions, both are federations that provide considerable responsibility to state governments for water and land management, and both face the challenges in balancing rural industry and urban development, especially in
Drought: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
by Ben CookWater is fundamental to all life. From the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, to the extreme water shortages that have struck California in recent years, modern societies often take its abundance for granted until it unexpectedly becomes scarce. Drought is one of the many problems anthropogenic climate change may exacerbate, but it is also a complex phenomenon at the intersection of a range of scientific disciplines and public policy issues. In this innovative book, Benjamin I. Cook brings together climate science, hydrology, and ecology to provide a synthetic overview of drought and its environmental and social consequences.Cook introduces readers to the hydroclimate and its components, explaining the global water cycle, the earth’s climate system, and the distribution of water resources. He discusses drought dynamics and variability over time, the climatological context and ecological effects, and environmental issues such as desertification, land degradation, and groundwater depletion. He also considers the socioeconomic impacts of drought and the role of drought risk management policy, especially in light of how climate change is expected to affect drought risk and severity. Cook gives special attention to paleoclimate and the role of drought in the crises of ancient civilizations. A scientifically comprehensive and approachable overview of water issues throughout the world, Drought is a critical interdisciplinary text that will be essential reading for a broad range of students in earth science and environmental and sustainability studies.
Drought: Science and Policy (Hydrometeorological Extreme Events #26)
by Ana IglesiasComprehensive coverage of understanding, prevention, and risk management of extreme drought events, with examples of approaches followed in water-stressed regions This book describes the progress made in our understanding of severe drought and explains how we can deal with—and even avoid—complete devastation brought on by such punishing events. It brings forward advanced knowledge on drought hazard analysis and management, particularly from EU-funded research projects, to assist in the development of the corresponding drought management plans. In addition, this book addresses issues of social vulnerability to drought and science-policy interfaces, which are important elements of drought management. Divided into three sections, this book covers the diagnosis of physical processes, historic drought and the trends in historic drought, and perspectives of future drought. It takes an academic approach to risk evaluation, including characterization of drought episodes, development of indicators of risk in hydrological and agricultural systems, and analysis of the role of socio-economic instruments for risk mitigation. It also discusses the interactions that have resulted in the complex institutional framework, and highlights the importance of stakeholder involvement and awareness building for successful drought management. In addition, Drought: Science and Policy features a collection of case studies that include the description of effective measures taken in the past. Addresses the growing issue of drought preparedness planning, monitoring, and mitigation Teaches methodologies and lessons focused on specific, drought-prone regions so the applications have more significance Provides examples of approaches followed in water-stressed regions (river basin and national scale) with drought analyses at the pan-European scale Drought: Science and Policy will be an invaluable reference for researchers and practitioners in the field as well as Masters students taking relevant courses in drought management and natural disaster management.
Droughts (Dangerous Weather)
by Michael AllabyDucks and geese fell from the sky, choked to death by the dust through which they flew. People called the storms "black blizzards." This was the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, site of one of the worst droughts in history. Perhaps the most insidious and terrifying form of dangerous weather, the absence of rain can bring slow, lingering death to crops, animals, and humans. In Droughts readers will discover why ordinary water is the most precious substance on earth; how global climate change might affect the frequency and severity of droughts; how droughts can occur anywhere; and how to use and conserve water wisely. Stories of droughts past and recent are also recounted. The Dangerous Weather series imparts fundamental weather science to readers through author Michael Allaby's vivid descriptions of extreme weather systems. The series focuses on the five most dangerous kinds of weather activity; diagrams related meteorological, climatological, and environmental basics in clear, compelling language; chronicles the history of each form of dangerous weather; and offers safety precautions for extreme weather conditions. Fully illustrated and indexed, the Dangerous Weather series is an invaluable tool for student research. Other volumes include: blizzards, hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes. Michael Allaby is the author of more than 40 books, mainly on science, natural history, ; environmental topics. A few of his previous works include Basics of Environmental Science, How It Works: The Environment, and The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Ecology. He is a member of the New York Academy of Sciences, among other professional affiliations.
Droughts (Let's-Read-and-Find-Out Science 2)
by Melissa StewartRead and find out about droughts in this colorfully illustrated nonfiction picture book.The earth—and everything on it—needs water. But lately, it’s been unusually sunny, warm, and dry. The weather anchor announces that your area is experiencing a drought! Where do droughts happen? How do we know that we are in a drought? Why is rainfall important? Do droughts just affect people? Can scientists keep track of rainfall? Read and find out! This book is full of activities, like how to measure rainfall, how to visualize how much of the world’s water is freshwater, and how to create a cloud in a jar. It’s also full of graphic features perfect for visual learners, like a diagram of the water cycle, and rich vocabulary bolded throughout the text, with a glossary.This is a clear and appealing science book for early elementary age kids, both at home and in the classroom. It's a Level 2 Let's-Read-and-Find-Out, which means the book explores more challenging concepts for children in the primary grades. The 100+ titles in this leading nonfiction series are:hands-on and visualacclaimed and trustedgreat for classroomsTop 10 reasons to love LRFOs:Entertain and educate at the same timeHave appealing, child-centered topicsDevelopmentally appropriate for emerging readersFocused; answering questions instead of using survey approachEmploy engaging picture book quality illustrationsUse simple charts and graphics to improve visual literacy skillsFeature hands-on activities to engage young scientistsMeet national science education standardsWritten/illustrated by award-winning authors/illustrators & vetted by an expert in the fieldOver 130 titles in print, meeting a wide range of kids' scientific interestsBooks in this series support the Common Core Learning Standards, Next Generation Science Standards, and the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) standards. Let's-Read-and-Find-Out is the winner of the American Association for the Advancement of Science/Subaru Science Books & Films Prize for Outstanding Science Series.
Droughts (Wild Earth Science)
by Jaclyn JaycoxDry land. Thirsty plants. When rains don’t come, droughts happen. Desert, forest, or prairies—droughts can happen anywhere. Discover how small shifts in rain amounts can cause big changes to the land. Learn about droughts, what causes them, and how living things adapt to survive.
Droughts in Chile: Impacts, Monitoring, and Adaptation (Management) Policies (Global Issues in Water Policy #31)
by Guillermo Donoso Daniela RiveraThe case of Chile is illustrative of a transition from command and control to market-based management policies, where economic incentives play a significant role in water management. This book deals with drought policy in Chile and other countries. It offers a detailed examination of drought management and policies. It describes, analyzes and evaluates the performance of drought policies, laws and institutions, identifies the main challenges that Chile faces and derives lessons learnt. Expert contributors discuss such topics as Chile’s drought water policy, and the reasoning which explains present challenges.
Droughts: A Global Assesment (Books In Soils, Plants, And The Environment Ser. #Vol. 86)
by Donald A. WilhiteDrought draws together contributions from over 75 leading international researchers in the field to present the most comprehensive body of research on the physical and social dimensions of drought to date. Including an extensive range of case-studies covering the most drought-prone and most affected countries, the contributors examine new technology, planning methodologies and mitigation actions from recent drought experiences worldwide.Following a discussion of the critical concepts of drought, the work is divided into the following additional parts:· causes and predictability· monitoring and early warning techniques· impacts and assessment methodologies· links between drought and other global issues· conclusions and future challenges
Drowned City: Hurricane Katrina and New Orleans
by Don BrownOn August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina's monstrous winds and surging water overwhelmed the protective levees around low-lying New Orleans, Louisiana. Eighty percent of the city flooded, in some places under twenty feet of water. Property damages across the Gulf Coast topped $100 billion. One thousand eight hundred and thirty-three people lost their lives. The riveting tale of this historic storm and the drowning of an American city is one of selflessness, heroism, and courage—and also of incompetence, racism, and criminality. Don Brown’s kinetic art and as-it-happens narrative capture both the tragedy and triumph of one of the worst natural disasters in American history. A portion of the proceeds from this book has been donated to Habitat for Humanity New Orleans. <P><P><i>Advisory: Bookshare has learned that this book offers only partial accessibility. We have kept it in the collection because it is useful for some of our members. Benetech is actively working on projects to improve accessibility issues such as these.</i>
Drugs, Law, People, Place and the State: Ongoing regulation, resistance and change
by Barney Warf Stewart WilliamsThough any psychoactive substance can be revered or reviled as a drug, as people’s cultural norms shift, ultimately its status is determined in law by the state. This publication explores the regulation of drugs – alcohol and cannabis to heroin and cocaine – and practices such as social drinking and public injecting under political regimes. Drugs are discussed in their geographical contexts: the colonial legacy of cannabis prohibition for bioprospecting in Africa; the veracity of the persistent notion of the narco-state; Turkey’s governance of drinking amid civil unrest; and alcohol’s place in the neoliberal political economy of Ireland. In addition, drug policies are examined: from problems in managing drug-related litter in the UK to supervised injecting facility provision in Australia; harm reduction in Canada; and the global network of drug policy activists. Place is significant, but porous borders, territorial overlaps and multi-scalar linkages are influential in remaking the world through current challenges to the ‘war on drugs’. This book was originally published as a special issue of Space & Polity.
Dry Mineral Processing
by Saeed Chehreh Chelgani Ali Asimi NeisianiThis book introduces and explains all existing dry processing methods, drawing from larges studies about these techniques in both the academia and industrial sectors. Potentially, water insufficiency is one of the critical issues that could be the major cause of international conflicts. Thus, reducing water consumption and pollution in all industrial sectors is an essential issue for all countries. As a main part of the mining industry, ore processing plants are highly dependent on water, and water scarcity poses significant risk to the industry. Thus, water consumption is a strategic issue for mineral processing plants, particularly in dry climate countries. To select dry or wet processing, the differences between these conditions should be taken into consideration, which needs an in-depth understanding of the various possible methods. This book will be of interest to professionals and researchers.
Dry Mix Methods for Deep Soil Stabilization
by Håkan Bredenberg Göran Holm Bengt B. BromsIt is a truism that we can no longer freely pick areas with the most suitable ground conditions for building purposes. Soils must often be improved in order to take the loads from buildings, roads and other objects. This volume contains papers covering a range of relevant topics and issues.
Dry Run
by Jerry YudelsonIn the Age of Scarcity now upon us, fresh water shortages are an increasingly serious global problem. With water restrictions emerging in many developed countries and water diversions for industrial, urban, and environmental reasons stirring up oceans of controversy, there is a growing thirst for innovative approaches to reducing our water footprint. Dry Run shows the best ways to manage scarce water resources and handle upcoming urban water crises. Featuring original interviews with more than twenty-five water researchers and industry experts, this book explains water issues and proposes solutions for homes, buildings, facilities, and schools. Examining the vital linkages between water, energy use, urban development, and climate change, Dry Run demonstrates best practices for achieving "net zero" water use in the built environment, including: Water conservation strategies for buildings, factories, cities, and homes Rainwater harvesting Graywater reuse and water reclamation systems Water efficiency retrofits On-site sewage treatment New water reuse and supply technologies Ideal for concerned citizens, building managers, homeowners, architects, engineers, developers, and public officials faced with charting a course in a more arid future, Dry Run overflows with practical solutions. Jerry Yudelson, PE, LEED AP, leads the Yudelson Associates consultancy and is a leading authority on green building, clean water, and sustainable development. He is the author of eleven books, including Choosing Green and Green Building A to Z.