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Explaining Transformative Change in ASEAN and EU Climate Policy: Multilevel Problems, Policies and Politics (Organizational Response to Climate Change: Businesses, Governments)
by David Coen Julia Kreienkamp Tom Pegram Charanpal Bal ParamitaningrumThe Paris Agreement embodies a flexible approach to global cooperation, aimed at encouraging ever more ambitious climate action by a variety of players on all levels of governance. Regional organizations play an important role in mobilizing such action. This Element provides novel insights into the conditions under which policy entrepreneurs can bring about transformative policy change in regional settings, with a focus on the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It finds that opportunity structures in the EU have been conducive to successful climate-progressive policy entrepreneurship at several key junctures, but not consistently. In contrast, the ASEAN governance context provides few access points for non-elite interests, making it fiendishly difficult for policy entrepreneurs to push for substantive policy change in the face of powerful domestic veto players. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Explanatorium of Nature: Where the Wonders of the World are Revealed (DK Explanatorium)
by DKGet closer to nature than you’ve ever been before with this jaw-dropping guide to our wonderful world. Marvel at the breathtaking photography showcasing flora and fauna in the most incredible, intricate detail. From ants to elephants, the animal kingdom is explored and explained in this extraordinary encyclopedia that puts you at the heart of the action. See the tiny spines on a stinging nettle, watch lichen spreading over a tree, and observe the secret suckers on an iguana’s feet. The mysteries of the natural world are displayed in brand new images, together with cross-sections, macro, and electron microscope images. Alongside the utterly absorbing visual content, Explanatorium of Nature brings its own fountain of knowledge about how nature works. For instance, did you know baby foxes that are born with blue eyes turn to gold? Or that reptile scales are made from the same material as your fingernails? Discover how spiders spin webs, how birds fly, how snakes kill, and much, much more. This irresistible book is a guaranteed favorite for animal lovers, nature enthusiasts, and budding wildlife experts everywhere.
Explanatorium of the Earth (DK Explanatorium)
by DKWelcome to the Explanatorium of the Earth - the only Earth encyclopedia for children you'll ever need, with amazing photographs of everything from supervolcanoes to tsunamis.What makes volcanoes erupt? Why are tornadoes and hurricanes so destructive? How do rocks, fossils, and gems form? Explanatorium of the Earth takes you on an incredible voyage deep into the heart of our planet and back to discover the powerful forces that continually shape and remodel our ever-changing world. Discover how tectonic plates tear apart and collide, moving inch by inch to create continents, mountain ranges, oceans, and volcanoes. Witness the destructive power of earthquakes, tsunamis, and hurricanes. Learn how the slow but relentless process of erosion and weathering wear away rock, reducing mountains to dust and carving valleys and canyons into the land. And learn how the living world and rock cycles have worked together for millions of years to stabilize the planet's climate, keeping Earth suitable for life.
Exploration Of The Seas: Voyage Into The Unknown
by Committee on Exploration of the SeasIn the summer of 1803, Thomas Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark on a journey to establish an American presence in a land of unqualified natural resources and riches. Is it fitting that, on the 200th anniversary of that expedition, the United States, together with international partners, should embark on another journey of exploration in a vastly more extensive region of remarkable potential for discovery. Although the oceans cover more than 70 percent of our planet’s surface, much of the ocean has been investigated in only a cursory sense, and many areas have not been investigated at all. Exploration of the Seas assesses the feasibility and potential value of implementing a major, coordinated, international program of ocean exploration and discovery. The study committee surveys national and international ocean programs and strategies for cooperation between governments, institutions, and ocean scientists and explorers, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in these activities. Based primarily on existing documents, the committee summarizes priority areas for ocean research and exploration and examines existing plans for advancing ocean exploration and knowledge.
Exploration Seismology
by L. P. Geldart R. E. SheriffThis is the completely updated revision of the highly regarded book Exploration Seismology. Available now in one volume, this textbook provides a complete and systematic discussion of exploration seismology. The first part of the book looks at the history of exploration seismology and the theory - developed from the first principles of physics. All aspects of seismic acquisition are then described. The second part of the book goes on to discuss data-processing and interpretation. Applications of seismic exploration to groundwater, environmental and reservoir geophysics are also included. The book is designed to give a comprehensive up-to-date picture of the applications of seismology. Exploration Seismology's comprehensiveness makes it suitable as a text for undergraduate courses for geologists, geophysicists and engineers, as well as a guide and reference work for practising professionals.
Exploration and Engineering: The Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Quest for Mars (New Series in NASA History)
by Erik M. ConwayGetting to Mars required engineering genius, scientific strategy, and the drive to persevere in the face of failure.Although the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, has become synonymous with the United States’ planetary exploration during the past half century, its most recent focus has been on Mars. Beginning in the 1990s and continuing through the Mars Phoenix mission of 2007, JPL led the way in engineering an impressive, rapidly evolving succession of Mars orbiters and landers, including roving robotic vehicles whose successful deployment onto the Martian surface posed some of the most complicated technical problems in space flight history.In Exploration and Engineering, Erik M. Conway reveals how JPL engineers’ creative technological feats led to major breakthroughs in Mars exploration. He takes readers into the heart of the lab’s problem-solving approach and management structure, where talented scientists grappled with technical challenges while also coping, not always successfully, with funding shortfalls, unrealistic schedules, and managerial turmoil.Conway, JPL’s historian, offers an insider’s perspective into the changing goals of Mars exploration, the ways in which sophisticated computer simulations drove the design process, and the remarkable evolution of landing technologies over a thirty-year period.
Exploration and Monitoring of the Continental Shelf Underwater Environment
by Iftikhar B. AbbasovThere is still so much about the oceans that scientists do not know, and exploring the continental shelves of the world is a huge part of finding out more about these underwater environments. Further to that, it is extremely important that, while scientists and engineers explore and monitor the continental shelf, no damage is done to these precious environments. That is the needle that this study intends to thread, giving scientists and engineers a better method and processes for exploring these underwater mysteries, while protecting the environment and wildlife thriving beneath. Written by a proven scientist in this area, this book is dedicated to the unique developments of hydroacoustical equipment to monitor the coastal shelf. The results of the original experimental sonar studies with application of the parametric antenna are presented. The book presents a survey of the modern methods and technical monitoring facilities of the coastal aqueous environment. The basic characteristics of the parametric antennas are given considering propagation of the acoustic waves in the environments with dispersion and acoustical absorption. The author and his colleagues consider the questions of formation of the parametric antenna field in layered-heterogeneous media and the peculiarities of sounding of the interfaces and bottom sediments. Ecological monitoring methods of the basic parameters of quality and condition of the aqueous environment are analyzed. The peculiarities of diagnostics of the underwater engineering constructions when monitoring the offshore strips are described. For both veteran engineers and students in the field alike, this breakthrough study is a must-have for any scientific library concerned with studying the oceans and especially the continental shelf.
Exploration and Production of Oceanic Natural Gas Hydrate: Critical Factors For Commercialization
by Michael D. Max Arthur H. JohnsonThis second edition provides extensive information on the attributes of the Natural Gas Hydrate (NGH) system, highlighting opportunities for the innovative use and modification of existing technologies, as well as new approaches and technologies that have the potential to dramatically lower the cost of NGH exploration and production.Above all, the book compares the physical, environmental, and commercial aspects of the NGH system with those of other gas resources. It subsequently argues and demonstrates that natural gas can provide the least expensive energy during the transition to, and possibly within, a renewable energy future, and that NGH poses the lowest environmental risk of all gas resources.Intended as a non-mathematical, descriptive text that should be understandable to non-specialists as well as to engineers concerned with the physical characteristics of NGH reservoirs and their production, the book is written for readers at the university graduate level. It offers a valuable reference guide for environmentalists and the energy community, and includes discussions that will be of great interest to energy industry professionals, legislators, administrators, regulators, and all those concerned with energy options and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Exploration in Development Issues: Selected Articles of Nurul Islam (Routledge Revivals)
by Nurul IslamThis title was first published in 2003. Nurul Islam, currently head of economic and social policy at the FAO/UN and a key advisor at the International Food Policy Research Institute, has been a renowned expert on economic development for the past thirty years. Over that time he has researched and written about a wide range of economic development issues, focussing mainly on policy. For the first time ever, his most important writings have been brought together in this volume, reflecting not only Professor Islam’s own views on particular issues, but also providing a unique overview of the key debates and discussions taking place among academic economist and policy analysts over the past three decades. The collection is divided into three main sections: trade and aid, development strategy, and food security, the section on food security being the most recent. It discusses food security in a broad sense, covering issues of availability and growth in food production, access or entitlement of individuals or households to basic food, and variability in food supplies and prices. In the section on Development Strategy, Professor Islam highlights how theoretical argument has veered away from organized ’development planning’ models which proved so important in the 1960s. He questions the role of models and policies throughout the decades and, following articles written in the 1970s or 80s, he includes articles he has recently completed, assessing the previous ones from his current perspective. In the final section, on Trade and Aid, he follows the academic debate on trade and exchange rate policies in developing countries from the 1960s to the progress of the WTO forums of today. This is a wide-ranging and thought-provoking volume. No matter whether the subject in question was examined in the 1960s or currently, Professor Islam provides a challenging and insightful analysis, and even the earliest articles retain relevance and will be of continuing interest.
Exploration of Gas Hydrates
by Naresh Kumar Thakur Sanjeev RajputGas hydrates are ice-like crystalline substances that form a rigid cage of water molecules and entrap hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gas by hydrogen bonding. Natural gas hydrate is primarily composed of water and methane. These are solid, crystalline, ice-like substances found in permafrost areas and deepwater basins around the world. They naturally occur in the pore space of marine sediments, where appropriate high pressure and low temperature conditions exist in an adequate supply of gas (mainly methane). Gas hydrates are considered as a potential non conventional energy resource. Methane hydrates are also recognized as, an influence on offshore platform stability, a major factor in climate change contributing to global warming and a significant contribution to the ocean carbon cycle. The proposed book treats various geophysical techniques in order to quantify the gas hydrate reserves and their impact on environment. The primary goal of this book is to provide the state of art for gas hydrate exploration. The target audiences for this book are non-specialist from different branches of science, graduate students and researchers.
Exploration of Quantum Transport Phenomena via Engineering Emergent Magnetic Fields in Topological Magnets (Springer Theses)
by Yukako FujishiroThis book addresses novel electronic and thermoelectronic properties arising from topological spin textures as well as topologically non-trivial electronic structures. In particular, it focuses on a unique topological spin texture, i.e., spin hedgehog lattice, emerging in a chiral magnet and explore its novel properties which are distinct from the conventional skyrmion lattice, and discusses the possibility of realizing high-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect through quantum confinement effect in topological semimetal. This book benefits students and researchers working in the field of condensed matter physics, through providing comprehensive understanding of the current status and the outlook in the field of topological magnets.
Exploration of the Seas: Interim Report
by Committee on Exploration of the SeasSeventy percent of our blue planet is covered by oceans. Although progress has been made in understanding the role of oceans in climate change, locating energy reserves, revealing new life forms, and describing the flow of carbon through these systems, it may be time to catapult our understanding to new levels by undertaking an interdisciplinary, international, global ocean exploration program. The interim report outlines the committee's vision for a future international global ocean exploration program; this vision will be fully described, together with detailed recommendations for technological needs and capabilities, funding levels, and management structures to ensure a productive and successful ocean exploration program.
Explorations in Place Attachment (Routledge Research in Culture, Space and Identity)
by Jeffrey S SmithThe book explores the unique contribution that geographers make to the concept of place attachment, and related ideas of place identity and sense of place. It presents six types of places to which people become attached and provides a global range of empirical case studies to illustrate the theoretical foundations. The book reveals that the types of places to which people bond are not discrete. Rather, a holistic approach, one that seeks to understand the interactive and reinforcing qualities between people and places, is most effective in advancing our understanding of place attachment.
Explorations in Urban and Regional Dynamics: A case study in complexity science (Routledge Advances in Regional Economics, Science and Policy)
by Alan Wilson Joel DeardenThe task of modelling the evolution of cities – the dynamics – is one of the major challenges of the social sciences. This book presents mathematical and computer models of urban and regional dynamics and shows how advances in computer visualisation provide new insights. Models of non-linear systems in general have three characteristics: multiple equilibria, ‘path dependence’ over time and phase transitions – that is, abrupt change at critical parameter values. These phenomena all exhibit themselves in reality, and it is an ongoing task to match model-based analysis with real phenomena. There are three key features of cities and regions to be represented in models: activities at a location – residence, health, education, work and shopping; flows between locations – spatial interaction; and the structures that carry these activities – buildings, transport and communications networks. Spatial interaction and many elements of activities’ location can be modelled by statistical averaging procedures, which are related to Boltzmann’s methods in statistical mechanics. This is while the evolution of structure can be represented in equations that connect to the Lotka-Volterra equations in ecology. Within this broad framework, alternative approaches can be brought to bear. This book uses entropy-maximising versions of spatial interaction models. The authors explore the dynamics in more detail, using advanced visualisation techniques. These ideas have wide potential uses, and the book illustrates this with applications in history and archaeology.
Explore Fossils!
by Cynthia Light Brown Grace BrownIn Explore Fossils! With 25 Great Projects, readers can expand their dinosaur obsessions into learning opportunities that take them beyond Triceratops, Stegosaurus, and even Tyrannosaurus rex to other animals, plants, and microbes that lived long before humans. Explore Fossils! introduces young readers to the history of life on Earth as revealed by fossils. Kids learn how fossils form and about the different types of fossils and the world of long ago--its landscape and the plants and animals that lived then. Scientists use radiometric dating to test fossils to discover when they were made, what organisms made them, what those organisms used for energy, what killed them, and a whole lot of other information. All from rocks! That's a lot of information stored under our feet. Activities include creating plaster fossils, using popcorn to illustrate radiometric dating, and exploring what might have caused mass extinctions by making a lava flow and simulating an asteroid impact. By studying the past, not only do students meet amazing plants and animals, they are also encouraged to consider their own role in geological time to make thoughtful hypotheses about the future.
Explore Life Cycles!
by Kathleen M. Reilly Bryan StoneExplore Life Cycles! takes kids on an amazing journey, where they'll learn about the changes plants and animals experience throughout their lives. Kids ages 6-9 will discover what happens inside those magical cocoons to transform a caterpillar into a butterfly. They'll explore how frogs breathe underwater as tadpoles, then use lungs as an adult. Explore Life Cycles! will examine how plants and animals are born, develop, and live their lives.Activities range from creating edible life cycles of insects to making a mealworm nursery. Using an eye-catching combination of cartoons, fun facts, and exciting projects, Explore Life Cycles! will bring the mysteries of life right into kids' hands.
Explore My World: A Tree Grows Up (Explore My World)
by Marfe Ferguson DelanoIn this charming picture book, curious little kids will learn all about how an acorn grows up to be an oak tree. The story includes the stages of growth of a tree throughout the seasons and year. It also introduces the happenings around the tree, from children playing in its shade to squirrels climbing up its trunk and birds nesting in its branches. These engaging Explore My World picture books on subjects kids care about combine simple stories with unforgettable photography. They invite little kids to take their first big steps toward understanding the world around them and are just the thing for parents and kids to curl up with and read aloud.
Explore My World: Weather (Explore My World)
by Lisa M. GerryPacked with colorful photographs of adorable animals braving the elements, this picture book for preschoolers introduces kids to the weather they experience every day, including rain, clouds, sunshine, snow, storms, and more.From snowflakes to raindrops to puddles, from sunny days to cloudy days to blustery days, young readers will be amazed by the wondrous and ever-changing world of weather. These engaging Explore My World picture books, on subjects kids care about, combine simple storytelling with unforgettable photography. They invite little kids to take their first big steps toward understanding the world around them and are just the thing for parents and kids to curl up with and read aloud.
Explore Night Science!
by Bryan Stone Cindy BlobaumExplore Night Science! encourages 6-9 year olds to safely explore and understand what happens around the world when it is dark outside. Readers are led step by step into integrated, active explorations that uncover the science and technology of the natural and physical world that surrounds them. Kids learn about the rod and cone cells found in their eyes as they test their color vision at night, create a chorus mimicking the sounds of nocturnal animals, and make a personal stardome. Sidebars highlight a real kid who discovered a supernova, how Stonehenge is an ancient almanac, and what elephants and moths have in common.Kids will be amazed at the adaptations used by plants and animals to survive and thrive in the dark of night. Whether they live in the country or in the city, kids will learn to use all of their senses to investigate the night.
Explore Predators and Prey!: With 25 Great Projects
by Cindy Blobaum Matt AucoinHunting, hiding, trapping, and tricking are just a few of the strategies used by animals in the wild to ensure they eat enough without being eaten themselves! In Explore Predators and Prey! With 25 Great Projects, readers ages 7 through 10 explore the physical and behavioral adaptations of predators and prey and their impact on the environment.Predators, such as hawks and foxes, have keen eyesight and sharp beaks and teeth to help them catch their prey. Prey, such as mice and rabbits, have large ears to hear danger and can move quickly to escape their enemies. Animal populations are closely integrated with each other and the surrounding environment. A change to one population causes changes to all others. Readers discover how repercussions can affect nature, including humans, and are encouraged to consider their own actions with an eye toward the effect on the environment.In Explore Predators and Prey, kids actively learn about body tools and behavior strategies as they test their own abilities to hunt and hide in a series of science-minded activities. Fun facts and colorful cartoons make learning entertaining and links to online primary sources and videos make the content accessible to all learners.
Explore Rocks and Minerals!
by Cynthia Light Brown Bryan Stone Nick BrownExplore Rocks and Minerals! offers kids ages 6-9 a fascinating introduction to geology. It investigates the geological forces that create and transform rocks, outlining the life cycle of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, and what they can tell us about the earth. It also explores fossils, and how they come to exist and are discovered.Explore Rocks and Minerals! includes 20 hands-on activities to bring learning to life. Kids create their own crystals, sculpt edible models of the planet, and bake volcanic meringue cookies. These easy-to- follow activities require minimal adult supervision and use common household products. By combining an interactive component with jokes, fun facts, and cartoons, Explore Rocks and Minerals! provides a fun, accessible introduction to geology.
Explore Spring!
by Lauri Berkenkamp Alexis Frederick-FrostFrom tracking spring peepers and raising tadpoles to learning about seeds and recording plant growth, Explore Spring! 25 Great Ways to Learn About Spring invites young readers to explore the wonders of spring by becoming scientists in the field. Combining hands-on learning with solid science, trivia, riddles, and terrific illustrations, projects investigate "the reason for the season" and include identifying trees and measuring their growth, recording soil temperature, and observing the forest floor. Bird migration and nest building are covered, and the movement of air and water is studied with experiments in capillary action and in such activities as "Making Parachutes," Making Kites," and "Mapping Air Currents with Bubbles."
Explore Weather and Climate!
by Bryan Stone Kathleen M ReilleyWhat's it like outside? And what are you going to do about it?Every morning, before heading to school or out to play, kids want to know what the weather is going to be like that day. Is it a day for building a snowman, constructing a sandcastle, or planting a garden? Will they be stuck inside because of rain at recess? Or stuck at home because of snow? And what about tomorrow? Explore Weather and Climate! will help kids understand the "how" and "why" behind the "what." They'll learn how wind, sun, and water combine to form the weather we experience every day. They'll find out why the weather gets extreme. Explore Weather and Climate! offers engaging text reinforced with 25 hands on projects that include creating a storm in a bottle, touching the clouds, and eating an edible climate map, resulting in an unforgettable understanding of these forces of nature.
Explore Winter!
by Maxine Anderson Alexis Frederick-FrostYoung readers become scientists in the field when this activity book sends them off to answer the question "Why do we have winter?" with experiments and projects that mix real science with real fun. Combining hands-on learning with trivia, jokes, riddles, and terrific illustrations, chapters start with the "tools" of science-the scientific method and how to keep a science journal-and then investigate the winter constellations, long nights and long shadows, animal tracking in snow, and food-gathering behavior in birds.
Explore Winter!: 25 Great Ways to Learn About Winter
by Maxine Anderson Alexis Frederick-FrostYoung readers become scientists in the field when Explore Winter! sends them off to answer the question "Why do we have winter?" with experiments and projects that mix real science with real fun. Combining hands-on learning with trivia, jokes, riddles, and terrific illustrations, chapters start with the "tools" of science-the scientific method and how to keep a science journal-and then investigate the winter constellations, long nights and long shadows, animal tracking in snow, and food-gathering behavior in birds.