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Feeling Academic in the Neoliberal University: Feminist Flights, Fights and Failures (Palgrave Studies in Gender and Education)
by Yvette Taylor Kinneret LahadThis book offers a contemporary account of what it means to inhabit academia as a privilege, risk, entitlement or a failure. Drawing on international perspectives from a range of academic disciplines, it asks whether feminist spaces can offer freedom or flight from the corporatized and commercialized neoliberal university. How are feminist voices felt, heard, received, silenced, and masked? What is it to be a feminist academic in the neoliberal university? How are expectations, entitlements and burdens felt in inhabiting feminist positions and what of 'bad feeling' or 'unhappiness' amongst feminists? The volume consider these issues from across the career course, including from 'early career' and senior established scholars, as these diverse categories are themselves entangled in academic structures, sentiments and subjectivities; they are solidified in, for example, entry and promotion schemes as well as funding calls, and they ask us to identify in particular stages of 'being' or 'becoming' academic, while arguably denying the possibility of ever arriving. It will be essential reading for students and researchers in the areas of Education, Sociology, and Gender Studies.
Feeling Great: The Educator's Guide for Eating Better, Exercising Smarter, and Feeling Your Best
by Todd Whitaker Jason WinkleEducator's spend so much time taking care of others that we sometimes forget to take care of ourselves! This book will help teachers, principals, professors, and all educators find time in our busy schedules to focus on our physical self. You will learn how to make time for exercise in your hectic daily schedule, learn how to feel your best every day, eat right even when on the go, keep your fitness momentum going all year, and turn your daily routines into healthy habits.
Feeling Medicine: How the Pelvic Exam Shapes Medical Training (Biopolitics #21)
by Kelly UndermanHonorable Mention, Sociology of the Body and Embodiment Best Publication Award, given by the Body and Embodiment Section of the American Sociological AssociationThe emotional and social components of teaching medical students to be good doctorsThe pelvic exam is considered a fundamental procedure for medical students to learn; it is also often the one of the first times where medical students are required to touch a real human being in a professional manner. In Feeling Medicine, Kelly Underman gives us a look inside these gynecological teaching programs, showing how they embody the tension between scientific thought and human emotion in medical education. Drawing on interviews with medical students, faculty, and the people who use their own bodies to teach this exam, Underman offers the first in-depth examination of this essential, but seldom discussed, aspect of medical education. Through studying, teaching, and learning about the pelvic exam, she contrasts the technical and emotional dimensions of learning to be a physician. Ultimately, Feeling Medicine explores what it means to be a good doctor in the twenty-first century, particularly in an era of corporatized healthcare.
Feeling Obligated: Teaching in Neoliberal Times
by Anne M. Phelan Melanie D. JanzenFeeling Obligated combines theoretical insights with the first-hand experiences of Canadian teachers to illustrate the impact of neoliberalism – the installation of market norms into educational and social policies – on teachers’ professional integrity. Anne M. Phelan and Melanie D. Janzen illustrate the miserable conditions in which teachers teach, their efforts to navigate and withstand those circumstances, and their struggle to respond ethically to students, especially those already marginalized economically and socially. Exploring how educational policies attempt to recast teachers as skilled clinicians, the book revitalizes a conversation about teaching as a vocation wherein the challenge of obligation is of central concern. Haunted by what has already happened and threatened by what may yet occur, Feeling Obligated foregrounds the challenge of ethical obligation in teaching and makes a strong case for the revitalization of teaching as a vocation, involving commitment, resolve, and trust in a future yet to come.
Feeling Power: Emotions and Education
by Megan BolerFirst published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Feeling Smart: Why Our Emotions Are More Rational Than We Think
by Eyal WinterDistinguished authors like Daniel Kahneman, Dan Ariely, and Nassim Nicholas Taleb have written much about the flaws in the human brain when it comes time to make a decision. Our intuitions and passions frequently fail us, leading to outcomes we don't want. In this book, Eyal Winter, Professor of Economics and Director of the Center for the Study of Rationality at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, wonders: why? If our emotions are so destructive and unreliable, why has evolution left us with them? The answer is that, even though they may not behave in a purely logical manner, our emotions frequently lead us to better, safer, more optimal outcomes. In fact, as Winter discovers, there is often logic in emotion, and emotion in logic. For instance, many mutually beneficial commitments--such as marriage, or being a member of a team--are only possible when underscored by emotion rather than deliberate thought. The difference between pleasurable music and bad noise is mathematically precise; yet it is also the result of evolution. And our inherent overconfidence--the mathematically impossible fact that most people see themselves as above average--affords us advantages in competing for things we benefit from, like food and money and romance. Other subjects illuminated in the book include the rationality of seemingly illogical feelings like trust, anger, shame, ego, and generosity. Already a bestseller in Israel, Feeling Smart brings together game theory, evolution, and behavioral science to produce a surprising and very persuasive defense of how we think, even when we don't.
Feeling Smarter and Smarter: Discovering the Inner-Ear Origins and Treatment for Dyslexia/LD, ADD/ADHD, and Phobias/Anxiety
by Harold N. Levinson, MDIn this ground-breaking book, Dr. Harold Levinson, a renowned psychiatrist and clinical researcher, provides his long-awaited follow-up work about truly understanding and successfully treating children and adults with many and diverse dyslexia-related disorders such as those found on the cover. This fascinating, life-changing title is primarily about helping children who suffer from varied combinations and severities of previously unexplained inner-ear-determined symptoms resulting in difficulties with: reading, writing, spelling, math, memory, speech, sense of direction and timegrammar, concentration/activity-level, balance and coordinationheadaches, nausea, dizziness, ringing ears, and motion-sickness frustration levels and feeling dumb, ugly, klutzy, phobic, and depressedimpulsivity, cutting class, dropping out of school, and substance abusebullying and being bullied as well as anger and social interactionslater becoming emotionally traumatized and scarred dysfunctional adults Feeling Smarter and Smarter is thus also about and for the millions of frus-trated and failing adults who are often overwhelmed by similar and even more complicated symptoms—as well as for their dedicated healers. Having laid the initial foundations for his many current insights in an earlier bestseller, Smart But Feeling Dumb, Dr. Levinson now presents a compelling range of enlightening new cases and data as well as a large number of highly original discoveries—such as his challenging illumination that all dyslexia-related manifestations are primarily inner-ear or cerebellar-vestibular—not cerebrally—determined and so do not impair IQ, and an “ingeniously simple” explanatory theory of symptom formation. Most important, all the dyslexia/inner-ear based impairments and their symptoms were discovered by Dr. Levinson to respond rapidly and often “mi-raculously” in 75 to 85 percent of cases when treated with simple and safe inner-ear enhancing medications—thus enabling bright but dumb-feeling children and adults to feel… smarter and smarter.
Feelings Are Real
by Kristi LaneThis guide helps children meet challenges, use existing skills and develop new ones, reach out to adults and peers, and develop an inner sense of character. It stresses working both alone and with a group to learn constructive ways to express feelings. The end of each activity is designed to help teachers evaluate that activity. Contains rationale, orientation, structure, organization, and manual for each of the two workbooks. Step-by-step procedures provided for each session.
Feelings and Emotion-Based Learning
by Jennifer A. HawkinsThis book explores academic learning theories in relation to modern cognitive research. It suggests that developing a feelings and emotion-based learning theory could improve our understanding of human learning behavior. Jennifer A. Hawkins argues that feelings are rational in individuals' own terms and should be considered--whether or not we agree with them. She examines learners' experiences and posits that feelings and emotions are logical to individuals according to their current beliefs, memories, and knowledge. This volume provides rich case studies and empirical data, and shows that acknowledging feelings during and after learning experiences helps to solve cognitive difficulties and aids motivation and self-reflection. It also demonstrates various ways to record and analyze feelings to provide useful research evidence.
Fehler im Griff: Fehlleistungen begreifen. Fehlertypen unterscheiden. Fehlerursachen vermeiden.
by Martin SauerlandDieses Buch enthält alles, was Sie über Fehler, Fehlerursachen, vor allem aber über die Möglichkeiten der Vermeidung von Fehlern bei typischen Bürotätigkeiten wissen müssen. Sie kennen es (natürlich nur vom Hörensagen): Die Originalvorlage im Kopierer liegen lassen, eine E-Mail ohne den erforderlichen Anhang versenden, eine vertrauliche Nachricht falsch adressieren, eine Rechnung über 17683 € statt über 17863 € ausstellen oder eine Stelle mit einer inkompetenten Person besetzen – menschliche Fehlleistungen sind ärgerlich, zumeist auch peinlich, zuweilen auch enorm kostspielig. Im Rahmen zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher Analysen sind wir den Häufigkeiten, Typen, Ursachen und Bewältigungsmöglichkeiten solcher Heimsuchungen auf den Grund gegangen. Die Befunde werden auf beispielhafte, anschauliche und amüsante Weise vorgestellt. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den tieferliegenden motivationalen Fehlerursachen. Die Berücksichtigung dieser energetischen Komponente ermöglicht es nämlich, neue und wirkmächtige Strategien zur Vermeidung von Fehlern in einer immer komplexer und dynamischer werdenden Arbeitswelt zu entwickeln. Die entsprechenden Methoden können von Mitarbeitenden und Führungskräften niedrigschwellig, unmittelbar und selbstgesteuert angewendet werden. Vielleicht ist es durch authentisch-motiviertes Handeln sogar möglich, so etwas wie subjektiv erlebte Fehlerfreiheit zu erreichen. Doch lesen Sie selbst! Zum Autor: Dr. Martin Sauerland, Professor für Arbeit und Organisation an der Hochschule für öffentliche Verwaltung und Finanzen in Ludwigsburg.
Fehlerkultur in Organisationen: Eine organisationsethnografische Studie in der stationären Altenpflege (Organisation und Pädagogik #33)
by Kerstin BestvaterIm Zentrum dieser Studie steht die Frage nach der Verflechtung der Fehlerkultur mit den Entscheidungs- und Handlungspraktiken in einer Alten- und Pflegeeinrichtung. Dafür wurde mit der pädagogischen Organisationsethnografie ein explorativer Zugang zum Forschungsgegenstand gewählt, der einen tiefen Einblick in die soziale Welt der Altenpflege gewährt. Kernstück ist eine konzeptualisierende Darstellung feldtypischer Praktiken und eine gegenstandsbezogene Theorieentwicklung, die im Sinne der Grounded Theory umgesetzt wurde. Das genuine Dilemma der Altenpflege zwischen Wirtschaftlichkeit und Pflegeethos führt zu Praxismustern, die als Problemlösungsstrategien auch die Fehlerkultur prägen.
Fehlermeldeverhalten in der Pflege: Rekonstruktion und Typisierung handlungsleitender Orientierungen von Pflegefachkräften
by Vivienne ThomasIn dem vorliegenden Werk geht es um die Bereitschaft von Pflegefachpersonen, Fehler zu melden. Aus einer professions- und fehlertheoretischen Perspektive wird die Frage untersucht, inwiefern die Entscheidung zur Fehlermeldung Teil des professionellen Selbstverständnisses von Pflegefachkräften ist und durch welche Erfahrungen es geprägt wird. Es wird deutlich, dass die Entscheidung, ob ein Fehler gemeldet wird oder nicht, abhängig ist von den Orientierungen zur Fehlerkultur, dem professionellen Selbstverständnis der Pflegefachkraft sowie den erlebten Erfahrungen. Dabei konnten drei Typen identifiziert werden, welche die primären, handlungsleitenden Orientierungen der Pflegefachkräfte widerspiegeln.
Feiernd lernen in Ritualen: Eine empirische Studie von Adventfeiern an öffentlichen Schulen
by Damian Jakob LienhartDieses Open-Access-Buch fragt ausgehend von der Erfahrung des Verfassers als Lehrer an einem öffentlichen Gymnasium nach der Bedeutung des säkularen Feier-Typus „Schulische Adventfeiern&“ für den religiösen Kompetenzerwerb beteiligter Schülerinnen und Schüler. Der interdisziplinäre Zugang greift ausgehend von katholischer Fachtheologie, Bereich Religionspädagogik, auch ritual- und erziehungswissenschaftliche Fragestellungen auf, die von den Ergebnissen der Berliner Ritualstudie (1999-2011) zur bildenden Wirkung von Ritualen angeregt wurden.Das Forschungsprojekt beinhaltet eine explorative Vorstudie, die aus einer qualitativen Websiteanalyse aller niederösterreichischen Gymnasien und Realgymnasien besteht. Die Hauptstudie setzt sich aus einer Within-Method-Triangulation zwischen teilnehmender Beobachtung und qualitativen Experteninterviews zusammen.Abseits von religiösem Interesse lassen die Ergebnisse den hohen Wert von Advent und Weihnachten für die öffentliche Schule erkennen, vor allem im Blick auf die gemeinschaftsbildenden Aspekte der beforschten Feiern.
Feld- und Hallenhockey – Das Praxisbuch für Studium, Training und Freizeitsport (Sportpraxis)
by Anne Krause Wolfgang Hillmann Konstantin RehlinghausHockey stellt eine der beliebtesten Mannschaftsportarten in Deutschland dar. Sowohl an (Hoch-)Schulen als auch im Freizeit- und Vereinssport gewinnt Hockey als Sportspiel an Relevanz. Das vorliegende Lehrbuch soll Sportstudierenden, Übungsleiter*innen und Trainer*innen im Breitensport sowie Lehrer*innen im Schulsport einen Überblick über die Grundlagen des Feld- und Hallenhockeys zum Erlernen der Sportart bieten. Dafür werden Techniken und Taktiken zum Erwerb des Spielverständnisses für Hockeyanfänger*innen bis Fortgeschrittene dargestellt. Zudem wird erläutert, wie Hockey mithilfe einer zielgruppenorientierten Vermittlung sicher gelehrt und mit Freude erlebt werden kann. Durch mehr als 20 Übungs- und Spielformen mit sukzessiven Schwierigkeitssteigerungen und über 100 grafischen Darstellungen werden vielfältige Differenzierungsmöglichkeiten beschrieben, um Hockey auf dem Feld und in der Halle sowie für unterschiedliche Alters- und Leistungsgruppen anbieten zu können. Besonders hervorzuheben sind 16 abrufbare Videos zu verschiedenen Technikelementen, die eine multimediale Wissensvermittlung ermöglichen. Durch die Verknüpfung praxisorientierter Inhalte und wissenschaftlich fundierten Wissens wird eine aktuelle Übersicht zum modernen Hockeyspiel im Breitensport angeboten, um die Faszination Hockey weiter zu verbreiten.
Felices Fiestas (Judy Moody & Stink #Volumen)
by Megan McDonaldUna nueva aventura de Judy Moody, esta vez con su hermano Stink. Judy Moody está haciendo y repasando mil veces la lista de regalos que quiere para Navidad, pero su hermano Stink solo desea una sola cosa: NIEVE. Como en su ciudad no ha nevado en esas fechas desde hace más de cien años, ¡las posibilidades son prácticamente nulas! Todo indica que Stink se despertará el día de Navidad sin nieve. A no ser que Judy intervenga y, con la ayuda de un misterioso cartero llamado Jack Frosty, ¡consiga hacer realidad el milagro!
Felicità dalla A alla Z
by Ana Claudia Antunes Vincenzo CammarataUna ricca guida facile da seguire con esercizi pratici basati sui principi dell'apprendimento sotto forma di alfabeto. Questo libro, come un ABC della felicità, rivela passo a passo gli insegnamenti e gli esercizi di autocoscienza per aumentare le tue possibilità nella vita. Con una chiarezza eccezionale che va al di là del velo eliminando i dubbi che separano te che lotti nella routine giornaliera dalla tua vera natura che si basa sul vivere in allegria e godendo della vita. In maniera colloquiale e amichevole, l'autrice espone il suo proprio modo di lasciare alle spalle le ansie e le paure, arrivando alle potenzialità della vera esistenza umana, arricchendo al massimo la propria vita e quella degli altri che ci circondano, facendo in modo che non siamo un mero specchio dei desideri designando un percorso che porta e eleva le persone verso la vera felicità e il successo al di là dell'immaginazione più fervida. Dopo la crisi economica che ci ha colpiti negli ultimi anni, le regole del mercato del lavoro sono cambiate drasticamente in tutto il mondo, e di ciò che funzionava fino ad ora sono rimaste solo le ceneri di quanto era presumibilmente una volta. In questo momento esatto, milioni di persone sono in attesa di scoprire quella grande opportunità, quel gran momento in cui potrebbero guardarsi allo specchio e dire: "Ho vinto!" E questo non è niente di pretenzioso, né tanto meno impossibile, un sogno irraggiungibile che si ascolta solo nelle favole. Le storie sono là fuori per dimostrare il contrario. È ovvio che siano poche. Perché la gente non riconosce ancora il potenziale che potrebbe essere, e tutte le soddisfazioni che potrebbe ottenere solamente se si concedesse di essere un pesce grande in un lago piccolo. Le persone pensano in grande, ma non hanno l'energia, né prendono le misure necessarie per raggiungere il proprio obiettivo. Non si stanno preparando. E stanno ancora pensando perché, per amor di Dio, non riescano a ottenere
Felix and the Pied Piper: Independent Reading Gold 9 (Reading Champion #517)
by Damian HarveyThis story is part of Reading Champion, a series carefully linked to book bands to encourage independent reading skills, developed with Dr Sue Bodman and Glen Franklin of UCL Institute of Education (IOE) Fantastic, original stories are accompanied by engaging artwork and a reading activity. Each book has been carefully graded so that it can be matched to a child's reading ability, encouraging reading for pleasure. Perfect for 5-7 year olds.In this twist on the original fairy tale The Pied Piper of Hamelin, a boy called Felix tells his side of the story.
Feliz de aprender en la escuela
by Catherine GueguenTodos los niños sienten, en los primeros años de su vida, una necesidad innata de aprender. Sin embargo, son muchos los que al llegar a la escuela frenan su creatividad, parecen no encajar y muestran síntomas de ansiedad y de frustración. ¿Qué está pasando? Para Catherine Gueguen, pediatra, especialista en comunicación no verbal y un nombre de referencia en la educación de los más pequeños, la causa se halla en un modelo educativo obsoleto, centrado en las relaciones de poder, la disciplina y el castigo, y eso, para el cerebro de un niño -maleable, inmaduro y frágil en grado sumo-, es tremendamente perjudicial. En opinión de Gueguen, la única forma de cambiar el sistema es replantear, y sobre todo reivindicar, la figura del profesor, y la clave para ello es la empatía. El profesor debe fomentar por encima de todo la empatía: - escuchar, - respetar - y animar al alumno a expresar sus emociones, sean estas buenas o malas. En definitiva, hacer del aula un lugar donde el niño o el adolescente se sienta seguro, valorado y querido. El resultado, como demuestran los cientos de estudios científicos y los testimonios que acompañan a este libro, no puede ser más alentador: el niño no solo se siente más contento, más comprometido y participativo en el aula, sino que su rendimiento escolar también mejora.
Feltness: Research-Creation, Socially Engaged Art, and Affective Pedagogies
by Stephanie SpringgayStephanie Springgay’s concept of feltness—which emerges from affect theory, queer and feminist theory, and feminist conceptions of more-than-human entanglements—is a set of intimate practices of creating art based on touch, affect, relationality, love, and responsibility. In this book, she explores how feltness is a radical pedagogy that can be practiced with diverse publics, including children, who are often left out of conversations about who can learn in radical ways. Springgay examines the results of a decade-long project in which researchers, artists, students, and teachers participated in events in North American elementary, secondary, and postsecondary institutions. In projects that ranged from children learning to be critics and artists to university students experimenting with building “a public” through art, participants blended participatory art creation with academic research to address social justice issues. Springgay shows how feltness can redefine who is imagined to be capable of complex feeling, experiential learning, embodied practice, social engagement, and intimate care. In this way, feltness fosters learning that disrupts and defamiliarizes schools and institutions, knowledge systems, values, and the legibility of art and research.
Female Academics’ Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Intercultural Perspectives
by Charmaine BissessarThis edited book encompasses themes related to resilience during the pandemic with a special focus on what female academics did to hone their resilience. It addresses issues of resilience related to mental health, care and well-being, leading, teaching, and learning. The book offers the reader a glimpse into the academics’ lived experiences and shows how they negotiated and navigated the pandemic. Each academic discusses challenges and triumphs such as wellness, leadership, work-life balance, and workplace burnout.The information contained in the book is significant to different parts of the world such as Guyana, Trinidad, Jamaica, Ireland, England, USA, US Virgin Islands, India, Tanzania, Philippines and China. The authors come from various backgrounds with experiences that add to the multi-cultural and multifaceted nature of resilience. They are leading practitioners who have been involved in face-to-face and online teaching, leading and learning for many years. The book brings with it the experience, enculturation, and wealth of knowledge which is of value to academics, researchers, and policy makers who wish to interrogate and understand the concept of resilience.
Female Genital Cutting, Women's Health, and Development
by Khama Rogo Tshiya Subayi Eiman Hussein Sharief Nahid Toubia'Female Genital Cutting, Women's Health, and Development' provides a comprehensive understanding of the issue of female genital mutilation/cutting-scope, challenges, opportunities, best practices, and how communities, development agencies, and national governments can work together to eliminate the practices on the ground. The World Bank is committed to assisting governments in ending the practice of female genital cutting, as the practice has direct, negative impact on the health and well-being of women around the world. The recommendations set forth in this paper take advantage of the World Bank's comparative advantage in dealing with governments. Continued silence perpetuates the practice, thereby undermining women's productivity.
Female Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Enhancing Entrepreneurial Capabilities Through Education and Training (Ethnic and Indigenous Business Studies)
by Andreas Walmsley Thomas M. Cooney Toluwani AkaehomenThis groundbreaking monograph explores the urgent need for tailored support systems that empower female immigrant entrepreneurs to navigate the complex challenges and unlock the opportunities they encounter in their host countries. Anchored in the Andragogy-in-Practice framework, the book critically examines the alignment between existing Entrepreneurship Education and Training provision and the entrepreneurial needs of female immigrants, drawing on qualitative research conducted in the Irish context. It highlights the systemic gaps in current training offerings while showcasing the potential of adult learning principles to foster inclusive, culturally responsive education. Offering both academic insight and practical guidance, this volume serves as a valuable resource for educators, trainers, policymakers, and support organisations. It provides a clear, evidence-based roadmap for designing and delivering impactful programmes that recognise and build upon the unique strengths, aspirations, and lived experiences of this often underrepresented yet economically vital group.
Female Islamic Education Movements: The Re-democratisation of Islamic Knowledge
by Masooda BanoSince the 1970s, movements aimed at giving Muslim women access to the serious study of Islamic texts have emerged across the world. In this book, Masooda Bano argues that the creative spirit that marked the rise and consolidation of Islam, whereby Islam inspired serious intellectual engagement to create optimal societal institutions, can be found within these education movements. Drawing on rich ethnographic material from Pakistan, northern Nigeria and Syria, Bano questions the restricted notion of agency associated with these movements, exploring the educational networks which have attracted educated, professional and culturally progressive Muslim women to textual study, thus helping to reverse the most damaging legacy of colonial rule in Muslim societies: the isolation of modern and Islamic knowledge. With its comparative approach, this will appeal to those studying and researching the role of women across Africa, the Middle East and South Asia, as well as the wider Muslim world.
Female Muslim Student Experiences in Higher Education: A Narrative Inquiry
by Hemchand Gossai Zahra RafieThis ethnographic study explores the lived experiences and challenges felt by Muslim female students in higher education in the greater District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia (DMV) area. It offers narrative case studies as a form of narrative inquiry based on stories of lived experience as a means of capturing dynamic, didactic, and dialectic understandings to promote and enable needed change in higher education. In centering the voices of Muslim female students, this research goes beyond the narrow statistical representation of predefined categories to examine and present the systematic nature and roots of social prejudice.
Female Students and Cultures of Violence in Cities (Routledge Studies in Education, Neoliberalism, and Marxism #9)
by Julia HallAs the economy constricts, it seems living with a chronic sense of fear and anxiety is the new normal for a growing number of urban females. Many females are susceptible to victimization by cumulative strands of violence in school, their communities, families and partnerships. Exposure to violence has been shown to contribute to physical and mental health problems, a propensity for substance abuse, transience and homelessness, and unsurprisingly, poor school attendance and performance. What does a girl do when there is no place to get away from this, and even school is a danger zone? Why have so many educators turned their attention away from the reality of violence against girls? Why is there a tendency to categorize such violence as just another example of the general concept of "bullying?" Critical educators who research the effects of current market logics on the schooling of marginalized youth have yet fully to focus on this issue. This volume puts the reality of violence in the lives of urban school girls back on the map, investigates answers to the above questions, and presents suggestions for change.