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Local Language Testing: Practice across Contexts (Educational Linguistics #61)
by April Ginther Slobodanka Dimova Xun YanThis book describes language testing practices that exist in the intermediate space between large-scale standardized testing and classroom assessment, an area that is rarely addressed in language testing literature. Drawing empirical research on a variety of languages, the volume discusses local language tests’ ability to represent local contexts and values, explicitly and purposefully embed test results within instructional practice, and provide data for program evaluation and research. Although local testing practices have been grounded in the theoretical principles of language testing, the authors in this volume supplement the theoretical content with practical examples of how local tests can be designed to effectively function within and across different institutional contexts.
Local Library, Global Passport: The Evolution of a Carnegie Library
by J. Patrick BoyerLimited time offer. A local library, passport to a larger world for its individual patrons, is also a democratic institution whose contribution to the strength of a community is out of all proportion to its size or membership. Several thousand Carnegie libraries were built a century ago when Andrew Carnegie, who had risen from poverty to become "the richest man in the world" vowed to donate all his money before he died and set about giving millions of people around the world the same "gift of reading" he had with access to a library as a factory working boy. Across the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and other corners of the English-speaking world, he created "the free republic" of libraries. This is the story of one of them. By tracing evolution of library service in the Canadian town of Bracebridge from 1874 to the present day within the broad sweep of larger cultural and economic patterns, Boyer’s engaging book provides a specific example of the universal transformation of books and information technologies and the libraries that house them from the 19th to 21st centuries. Most readers will find endearing and tantalizing parallels with their own library experience, wherever they live. Written to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Andrew Carnegie Library in Bracebridge in 2008, Boyer’s book is an inspired and engaging effort to show patterns and perils that probably hold true for most local libraries although some of the dramatic and comedic episodes here are surely unique. This story is so rich it could be a feature movie.
Local Literacies in Early Childhood: Inequalities in Place, Policy and Pedagogy (Routledge Research in Early Childhood Education)
by Helen Victoria SmithThis book contributes to current debates about the importance of early literacy and the different ways that literacy resources offer support to parents with young children. It sheds light on the impact of policy discourse and austerity measures on community resources designed to support children’s early literacy learning. Based on an ethnographic study carried out in a small town in the East Midlands, UK, the book shows how government policy is enacted in four local resources – Sure Start children’s centres, pre-schools, a public library and privately run parent and child early education classes. It reveals how inequalities and contradictions exist in different forms of community literacy provision which can explain some of the educational differences evident when children start school. With a particular focus on mothers, the book reveals how parents are supported differently depending on where they go and how they are viewed by the professionals they encounter. The book contributes to the current literature around literacy in early childhood and combines a unique case study with theoretical concepts to offer a new way of thinking about early intervention, parental engagement and school readiness. Local Literacies in Early Childhood will be highly relevant reading for researchers, academics and post-graduate students in the field of early childhood education and literacy education. It will also be of interest to policymakers, early childhood professionals, literacy advisors and librarians from different local, national and international contexts wishing to support parents and children more equitably so that learning opportunities can be maximised and educational inequalities tackled.
Local Management of Schools: Some Practical Issues
by Ernie Cave Cyril WilkinsonThe provisions of the 1988 Education Reform Act have given many schools the turnover and responsibilities of a medium-sized business. The Act is certainly the most important educational legislation since 1944 and local management is the key issue, requiring schools to undertake specialist functions, such as budgetting and marketing, never tackled before at the institutional level. This book introduces some of the practical issues associated with planning and implementing new functions now being devolved to school level. It will enable schools to focus on the implications of the Act and the issues it presents. It stresses the need for the whole school to meet the challenge. Each chapter looks at a different issue, including:* resource management * financial management * budgetary preparation * performance measurement * the uses of information technology * marketing and the school * the legal context * personnel management and staff selection * time management and priority setting. The book does aim to be a practical manual on local management but to provide a clear-thinking and sympathetic discussion of the urgent practical issues now facing all schools. It will be invaluable to all involved in educational management, whether in schools, local authorities, training organisations or academic life.
Local Projects in A-Level Geography (Routledge Revivals)
by Alan PilbeamOriginally published in 1980, the aim of this book was to help the A-level student make the most of the opportunity to undertake a local project. The general increase of student-activity work in schools was making the project option an increasingly popular part of A-level studies in geography, but there are many problems facing the student in this, the first independent piece of work that he or she is likely to have done. The most conspicuous difficulty is the time needed to collect data for analysis, but there are many others ranging from the fundamental question of the choice of topic to such subsequent matters as techniques of hypothesis testing and methods of presentation. The author examines all the questions that the student should ask in the course of this type of work, and he does so very much from the student’s point of view. The first half of the book deals with selecting the project, setting it up properly and carrying it through to analysis and presentation. The second half consists of a wide range of example projects which illustrate what can be achieved and the problems that arise. They are presented not as models to be copied but as illustrative examples of the general principles and problems discussed earlier in the book. The range of opportunities available for project work will vary widely from school to school, and no book could provide comprehensive coverage. The author has therefore chosen his material carefully in order to throw light on principles and strategies. The examples are of work actually done by some of the several hundred candidates supervised by the author and they are impressive evidence of the variety of projects that can be undertaken from one home base. This book has been prepared with the student’s point of view very much in mind. It should serve as a valuable source of ideas and guidelines for all those who choose to undertake a project at A-level and it will be useful background reading for students doing similar work in institutions of higher education.
Local Research and Glocal Perspectives in English Language Teaching: Teaching in Changing Times
by Rubina Khan Ahmed Bashir Bijoy Lal Basu Md. Elias UddinThis book provides an overview of recent trends and developments in the field of English language education. It showcases research endeavors from a heterogenous group of scholars from different parts of the world and brings together perspectives from both experienced and emerging scholars. This book provides a platform for established as well as emerging practitioners and scholars in the field of English Language Teaching to share their research. It synthesizes local expertise and culture with innovative ideas from other contexts and brings theory and practice together in one volume.
Local Studies and the History of Education
by History of Education SocietyOriginally published in 1972, this book is concerned with education as part of a larger social history. Chapters include: The roots of Anglican supremacy in English education The Board schools of London The use of ecclesiastical records for the history of education Topographical resources: private and secondary education from the sixteenth to the twentieth century.
Localizing Global English: Asian Perspectives and Practices (Routledge Critical Studies in Asian Education)
by Hikyoung Lee and Bernard SpolskyEnglish is the most widely taught and learned language in the world and is used for communication among speakers from different language backgrounds. How it can be effectively taught and learned, what English means to, and how it can be "owned" by, non-native speakers of English in Asia and elsewhere, are all issues that warrant contemplation. This edited collection addresses these issues and more by looking at a wide range of topics that are relevant and timely in contexts where English is taught as a foreign language. The authors offer novel perspectives gleaned from theory and actual practice that can inform English language teaching in Asia and beyond. This book will be of interest to researchers, policymakers, curriculum developers, and practitioners in the field of English teaching and learning.
Locally Relevant ICT Research: 10th International Development Informatics Association Conference, IDIA 2018, Tshwane, South Africa, August 23-24, 2018, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #933)
by Kirstin Krauss Marita Turpin Filistea NaudeThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Development Informatics Association Conference, IDIA 2018, held in Tshwane, South Africa, in August 2018.The 20 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 61 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on ICT adoption and impact; mobile education; e-education; community development; design; innovation and maturity; data.
Locating And Correcting Reading Difficulties
by Ward Cockrum James ShankerIn this widely popular reading diagnosis and intervention handbook, beginning and experienced teachers alike find the assessment resources and tools they need to document a child’s strengths and areas of need–and get effective instructional strategies to teach skills that are missing. Locating and Correcting Reading Difficulties is organized around the sub-skills of reading and fits well with most major reading programs currently in use.
Locating Technology Education in STEM Teaching and Learning: What Does the ‘T’ Mean in STEM? (Contemporary Issues in Technology Education)
by P. John Williams Wendy Fox-TurnbullThis book offers clarity and consistency of thinking in relation to Technology Education when situated within a STEM approach to teaching. It examines the range of Innovations and Issues which are being considered by schools as they implement STEM, with particular focus on the place of Technology, or the ‘T’ in STEM. The book is divided into three sections: Philosophy, Implementation and Issues and Innovations, with each containing five to seven chapters. The first section lays the foundations for the remainder of the book: it focuses the readers on the technology aspect of STEM education and situates it to align with the international understanding of technology education. The second section provides insights into how STEM is best implemented to give technology due consideration across a range of disciplines with technology education, including engineering, food technology, and textile technology. This section also provides suggestions for the successful implementation of the STEM approach, and offers further insight through a range of case studies. The third section outlines and discusses a range of issues that pose a threat to the position and understanding of technology within the STEM teaching and learning approach. This section also examines how technology and STEM are situated within, are supported or are threatened by, other current innovations and approaches to teaching an integrated curriculum, such as the Maker Space Movement and Play-based Learning.
Location Lighting Handbook For Portrait Photographers: Create Outstanding Images Anywhere
by Peter Zettl Stephanie ZettlOn-location photographers are faced with ever-changing lighting conditions due to the time of day, the weather, or the surroundings, and this book explores how to evaluate, use, and shape the available light to get the best results in any situation. The book begins by showing photographers how to assess available light and exposure, providing information on the quality and characteristics of light and the necessary tools and techniques for measuring them. The guide then focuses on portable lighting solutions that a single photographer can use--with minimal or no assistance--to customize the given light, from on-camera flashes and monolights with battery packs to umbrellas, soft boxes, and LED video lights. Numerous examples of difficult lighting situations are offered, as well as the progression of different light sources used--both correctly and incorrectly--to capture the final photograph.
Location Strategies and Value Creation of International Mergers and Acquisitions
by Ludivine ChalençonThis title enriches both areas of research, finance and international management to analyze the choice of location and value creation in mergers and acquisitions. Our research answers the following question: What are the determinants of the location and value creation in mergers and acquisitions?
Location Writing: Taking Literacy into the Environment
by Brian Moses Caroline DaveyFirst Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Lockdown Drills: Connecting Research and Best Practices for School Administrators, Teachers, and Parents
by Jaclyn Schildkraut Amanda B. NickersonA comprehensive resource on what lockdown drills are, why they are necessary, and how best to conduct them.The first book to offer a comprehensive examination of lockdown drills in K–12 schools, Lockdown Drills balances research findings with practical applications and implications. Schildkraut and Nickerson, school safety experts with complementary backgrounds in criminology and school psychology, review the historical precedents for lockdown drills, distinguish school lockdowns from other emergency procedures (such as active shooter drills), explain why they are conducted, present evidence-based research on their effectiveness, and describe how to conduct them according to best practices. Proponents of lockdown drills as a life-saving necessity, the authors help to bring much-needed standardization to how these drills are studied and conducted. The authors present common arguments for and against the inclusion of lockdown drills in emergency preparedness efforts, balancing their discussion of the perceptions and psychological impacts of lockdown drills with scholarly research on the extent to which lockdown drills improve how effectively individuals respond to a potential threat. Placing lockdown drills in the larger context of school safety and preparedness, they examine the broader implications for policymakers. Finally, they emphasize that drills, of which lockdowns are only one type, are just a part of the complex school safety puzzle. Ensuring that schools are safe places for students and educators begins long before a crisis occurs and continues through the days, weeks, and years of recovery following a crisis.
Lockdown High
by Annette FuentesIn the dozen years since the Columbine High School shootings, school violence has fallen steadily. Yet, as Annette Fuentes visits schools across America she finds metal detectors and drug tests for aspirin, police profiling of students with no records, arbitrary expulsions, teachers carrying guns, and all-seeing electronic surveillance. Her moving stories will astonish readers, as she makes the case that our public schools reflect a society with an unhealthy fixation on crime and violence.
Locke's Second Treatise on Civil Government (SparkNotes Philosophy Guide)
by SparkNotesLocke's Second Treatise on Civil Government (SparkNotes Philosophy Guide) Making the reading experience fun! SparkNotes Philosophy Guides are one-stop guides to the great works of philosophy–masterpieces that stand at the foundations of Western thought. Inside each Philosophy Guide you&’ll find insightful overviews of great philosophical works of the Western world.
Locus of Authority
by William G. Bowen Eugene M. TobinLocus of Authority argues that every issue facing today's colleges and universities, from stagnant degree completion rates to worrisome cost increases, is exacerbated by a century-old system of governance that desperately requires change. While prior studies have focused on boards of trustees and presidents, few have looked at the place of faculty within the governance system. Specifically addressing faculty roles in this structure, William G. Bowen and Eugene M. Tobin ask: do higher education institutions have what it takes to reform effectively from within? Bowen and Tobin use case studies of four very different institutions--the University of California, Princeton University, Macalester College, and the City University of New York--to demonstrate that college and university governance has capably adjusted to the necessities of the moment and that governance norms and policies should be assessed in the context of historical events. The authors examine how faculty roles have evolved since colonial days to drive change but also to stand in the way of it. Bowen and Tobin make the case that successful reform depends on the artful consideration of technological, financial, and cultural developments, such as the explosion in online learning. Stressing that they do not want to diminish faculty roles but to facilitate their most useful contributions, Bowen and Tobin explore whether departments remain the best ways through which to organize decision making and if the concepts of academic freedom and shared governance need to be sharpened and redefined. Locus of Authority shows that the consequences of not addressing college and university governance are more than the nation can afford.
Log on to IT
by Roland Birbal (IT) Michele TaylorDevelop IT skills through an active, accessible approach to theory and practice, providing an ideal foundation for lower secondary students going on to study IT at CSEC® and for building real-life computer skills; fully updated to reflect the new curriculum and new approaches to IT teaching.- Build knowledge with straightforward introductions to theoretical concepts, key practical applications and new topics such as ethical use of computers and multimedia.- Support all learning styles with a range of questions - Multiple Choice, True or False, Short Answer, Research, Project and a fun Crossword puzzle.- Develop critical thinking and research skills with research projects.The answers can be found here: www.hoddereducation.co.uk/Log-on-to-IT-Answers
Log on to IT for CSEC
by Roland Birbal (IT) Michele TaylorBenefit from expert guidance in this new edition of a tried and trusted approach; updated to reflect the new CSEC® IT curriculum, it provides an engaging and accessible approach to theory and practice.- Prepare for SBA with advice and guidance and a full sample SBA project and suggested solution at the end of Chapter 16.- Consolidate learning through a range of question types such as Multiple Choice, True or False, Short Answer, Research, Project and a fun Crossword puzzle.- Confidently cover new topics and emerging technology with straightforward explanations and numerous examples.The answers can be found here: www.hoddereducation.co.uk/Log-on-to-IT-Answers
Logic And Science Method, M.A. Previous Philosophy Paper-V, SDE AU
by School Of Distance Education Andhra UniversityThis is the prescribed textbook to the students of MA Previous Philosophy Paper-V for the subject Logic and Science Method, at School of Distance education, Andhra University
Logic Countdown: Grades 3-4
by Bonnie L. RisbyThis classic series will excite students' imaginations while enriching skills in logical thinking. Logic Countdown problems are easy to incorporate into lesson plans and are formatted to enhance the fullest spectrum of curriculum areas while sharpening thinking skills. Challenging and instructional, these thought-provoking books present sequential exercises in logical reasoning that include relationships, analogies, syllogisms, sequences, deductive reasoning, inference, truth-values, and logical notation. Simple grids coupled with intriguing problems evoke enthusiasm and inspire students to higher and higher levels of thinking. Each book builds on concepts presented previously in the series to offer a comprehensive logic adventure for young thinkers.The skills students build by using this book are applicable to several areas of the curriculum. Academic skills used for reading, math, writing, and science all depend on the ability to perceive and define relationships and to form inferences. But, beyond the academic world, students will find logical thinking an integral part of everyday life.This is the first in a three-book series designed to sharpen children's logical thinking skills. Once students master the skills presented in this book, they will be ready for new challenges in Logic Liftoff and Orbiting with Logic.Grades 3-4
Logic Liftoff: Grades 4-6
by Bonnie L. RisbyThis classic series will excite students' imaginations while enriching skills in logical thinking. Logic Liftoff problems are easy to incorporate into lesson plans and are formatted to enhance the fullest spectrum of curriculum areas while sharpening thinking skills. Challenging and instructional, these thought-provoking books present sequential exercises in logical reasoning that include relationships, analogies, syllogisms, sequences, deductive reasoning, inference, truth-values, and logical notation. Simple grids coupled with intriguing problems evoke enthusiasm and inspire students to higher and higher levels of thinking. Each book builds on concepts presented previously in the series to offer a comprehensive logic adventure for young thinkers.The skills students build by using this book are applicable to several areas of the curriculum. Academic skills used in reading, math, writing, and science all depend on the ability to perceive and define relationships, sequence events, and form inferences. But, beyond the academic world, students will find logical thinking an integral part of everyday life.This is the second in a three-book series designed to sharpen children's logical thinking skills. Once students have mastered Logic Countdown they are ready to meet new challenges in Logic Liftoff and Orbiting with Logic.Grades 4-6
Logic Pro X 10. 3 - Apple Pro Training Series: Professional Music Production (Apple Pro Training )
by David Nahmani<P>The Apple-Certified Way to Learn <P>Record, arrange, mix, produce, and polish your music with this bestselling, Apple-certified guide to Logic Pro X 10.3. Veteran producer and composer David Nahmani uses step-by-step, project-based instructions and straightforward explanations to teach everything from basic music creation to sophisticated production techniques. Using the book’s downloadable lesson files and Logic Pro X, you’ll begin making music in the first lesson. <P>From there, you’ll learn to record audio and MIDI, create and edit sequences, and master mixing and automation techniques such as submixing with Track Stacks or the practical uses of true stereo panning. You will create both acoustic and electronic virtual drum performances using Drummer tracks with Drum Kit Designer and Drum Machine Designer. You’ll use Logic Pro X MIDI plug-ins and Smart Controls to control software synthesizers from a MIDI controller or an iPad. Flex Time will allow you to precisely edit the timing of notes inside an audio recording, and you’ll explore Flex Pitch to correct the pitch of a vocal recording. Finally, you’ll mix, automate, and master the song, using plug-ins to process only selected sections or entire tracks, giving your audio creations the final polish needed to achieve a professional sound. <P>Downloadable lesson and media files allow you to perform the hands-on exercises. <br>Focused lessons take you step by step through practical, real-world tasks. <br>Ample illustrations help you master techniques fast. <br>Lesson goals and time estimates help you plan your time. <br>Chapter review questions help you prepare for the Logic Pro X 10.3 certification exam. <P>The Apple Pro Training Series is both a self-paced learning tool and the official curriculum of the Apple Training and Certification program. Upon completing the course material in this guide, you can become Apple Certified by passing the Logic Pro X 10.3 certification exam at an Apple Authorized Training Provider. To find an Apple Authorized Training Provider near you, please visit training.apple.com. <P>Also in the Apple Pro Training Series: <br>Final Cut Pro X 10.3 <br>Pages, Numbers, and Keynote <br>macOS Support Essentials
Logic Pro X 10. 4 - Apple Pro Training Series: Professional Music Production (Apple Pro Training)
by David NahmaniRecord, arrange, mix, produce, and polish your audio files with this best-selling, Apple-certified guide to Logic Pro X 10.4. Veteran producer and composer David Nahmani uses step-bystep, project-based instructions and straightforward explanations to teach everything from basic music creation to sophisticated production techniques. Using the book’s downloadable lesson files and Logic Pro X, you’ll begin making music in the first lesson. From there, learn to record audio and MIDI data, create and edit sequences, and master mixing and automation techniques such as submixing with track stacks. Create both acoustic and electronic virtual drum performances using Drummer tracks with Drum Kit Designer and Drum Machine Designer. Use Logic Pro X MIDI FX and Smart Controls to control software synthesizers from a MIDI controller or an iPad. Harness the power of Smart Tempo to make sure all recordings, imported audio files, and samples play in time. Flex Time allows you to precisely edit the timing of notes inside an audio recording, and you’ll explore Flex Pitch to correct the pitch of a vocal recording. Finally, you mix, automate, and master the song, using plug-ins to process only selected sections or entire tracks, giving your audio creations the final polish needed to achieve a professional sound. Downloadable lesson and media files allow you to perform the hands-on exercises. Focused lessons take you step by step through practical, real-world tasks. Accessible writing style puts an expert instructor at your side Ample illustrations help you master techniques fast. Lesson goals and time estimates help you plan your time. Chapter review questions summarize what you’ve learned and help you prepare for the Apple certification exam.