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Teaching English: A Handbook for Primary and Secondary School Teachers
by Jane Branson Andrew GoodwynThis handbook provides a comprehensive introduction to teaching English in primary and secondary schools. It brings together the latest standards with authoritative guidance, ensuring that readers feel confident about how to approach their teaching. It explores the context of the subject of English and brings readers up-to-date with key developments, placing the English curriculum in the context of whole school literacy issues. It introduces readers to key areas such as: planning and classroom management assessment, recording and reporting information and communication technology equal opportunities, special needs and differentiation English/literacy and whole school issues personal and professional early career development. This practical book gives new English teachers a solid and dependable introduction to teaching the subject. Many of the contributors are practising classroom teachers with enormous experience to draw on. The book is grounded in the realities of teaching and offers practical and relevant advice as well as plenty of ideas to stimulate thinking and teaching.
Teaching English: A Linguistic Approach (Routledge Revivals)
by John KeenPublished in 1978, this is a concise and practical guide to the use of linguistic theory and analytical techniques in English language teaching at secondary and tertiary levels of education. Much has been written in this area in the past, but previous emphasis has most often been theoretical. This book is concerned with the realities of teaching, and each technique recommended is explained by reference to actual examples of students’ writing and speech. The underlying theory is discussed only when this serves to clarify practice. John Keen demonstrates how students’ existing grasp of the uses and processes of English can provide a reliable base from which to develop their language skills in a meaningful and effective way. His own experience has convinced him that the sympathetic use of linguistic insights can help in teaching the conventions of spelling and grammar, developing students’ sensitivity to meaning in language and enabling them to use language resourcefully in a variety of contexts – including writing coherently and at length on particular topics. The Bullock Report recommended that language study should be part of every teacher’s training. This book indicates some directions that such a language study might take.
Teaching Environmental Health to Children
by David W. Hursh Hilarie B. Davis Camille A. Martina Michael A. TrushEvery day we are exposed to toxins and toxicants that can impact our health. Yet we rarely teach elementary and secondary students about these exposures and how they can reduce their risk to them. In this book we highlight activities and curriculum developed at nine universities in the United States from a grant funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Our goal is to extend these lessons to a global audience and for classroom teachers of all subjects and age levels to include environmental health in their teaching. 'An invaluable tool for equipping informed citizens to think about the environment and its human impacts --both the science, and equally important, the social and ethical dimensions' , Howard Frumkin, M.D., Dr. P.H., Dean, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Teaching Equity through Children’s Literature in Undergraduate Classrooms
by Philip Smith Gayatri Devi Stephanie J. WeaverChildren's literature has been taught in undergraduate classrooms since the mid-1960s and has grown to become a staple of English literature, library science, and education programs. Children's literature classes are typically among the most popular course offerings at any institution. It is easy to understand why; children's literature classes promise students the opportunity to revisit familiar works with fresh eyes. With the growth of the children’s publishing industry and the celebration of recent scholarly interventions in the field, the popularity of the discipline is unlikely to abate. A central question of current children’s literature scholarship and practice is how to effectively address contemporary questions of social justice. This collection offers a series of interventions for the practice of teaching equity through children's literature in undergraduate classrooms. It is intended for individuals who teach, or who are interested in teaching, children’s literature to undergraduates. It includes contributions from practitioners from a range of institutional affiliations, disciplinary backgrounds, nationalities, and career stages. Furthermore, this volume includes contributions from scholars who belong to groups which are often underrepresented within academia, due to race, nationality, ethnicity, gender identity, disability, or other protected characteristics.
Teaching Essential Literacy Skills in the Early Years Classroom: A Guide for Students and Teachers
by Tara Concannon-GibneyTeaching and learning literacy in the early years can be a joyful, explorative and meaningful experience. This accessible book will give teachers and practitioners the practical and theoretical skills and knowledge they require to successfully and confidently teach reading, writing and oral skills in the early years classroom. Foregrounding the ways in which literacy instruction can be made enjoyable and meaningful from the very beginning, Teaching Essential Literacy Skills in the Early Years Classroom explores the theory and practice of teaching various aspects of literacy and language, from phonological awareness, phonics and fluency, to vocabulary and comprehension. Chapters draw on the latest research to identify and showcase best practice in writing instruction, illustrate how language and literacy can be developed through play, and outline how a teacher might use the environment to enhance children’s learning. Downloadable resources, examples of planning, classroom activities and vignettes can be quickly and easily adapted for use in any early years setting. A rich and comprehensive source of information, ideas, activities and tips, this will be a key resource for pre- and in-service teachers and practitioners looking to adopt a cohesive, effective and meaningful approach to literacy teaching and learning.
Teaching Essential Units of Language: Beyond Single-word Vocabulary (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Eli HinkelThis textbook provides a practical and research-based foundation for teaching second language (L2) multiword units (also commonly called collocations). Multiword units – such as strong tea, beautiful weather, or would you mind –cannot be readily understood or predicted by the meanings of their component parts, and prove particularly challenging for English language learners. With contributions from top scholars, this text presents a thorough and rounded overview of the principles and practices currently dominant in teaching L2 phrases in a variety of instructional settings around the world. Divided into two sections, Part I examines the pedagogical foundations of teaching the essential units of language. Part II covers a range of techniques and classroom activities for implementing instruction. Intended for students and teacher educators, this accessible volume integrates the key principles, strategies, and applications of current and effective English language instruction for both vocabulary and grammar.
Teaching Ethics through Literature: Igniting the Global Imagination (Citizenship, Character and Values Education)
by Suzanne S. ChooTeaching Ethics through Literature provides in-depth understanding of a new and exciting shift in the fields of English education, Literature, Language Arts, and Literacy through exploring their connections with ethics. The book pioneers an approach to integrating ethics in the teaching of literature. This has become increasingly relevant and necessary in our globally connected age. A key feature of the book is its integration of theory and practice. It begins with a historical survey of the emergence of the ethical turn in Literature education and grounds this on the ideas of influential Ethical Philosophers and Literature scholars. Most importantly, it provides insights into how teachers can engage students in ethical concerns and apply practices of Ethical Criticism using rich on-the-ground case studies of high school Literature teachers in Australia, Singapore and the United States.
Teaching Every Student in the Digital Age: Universal Design for Learning
by David Rose Anne MeyerThis book presents principles and applications of Universal Design for Learning (UDL), a research-based framework for responding to individual learning differences and a blueprint for the modern redesign of education. Early chapters lay out the foundation of UDL, describing neuroscience research on learning differences, the uses of digital media in the classroom, and the creation of flexible curricula. Later chapters show how to set appropriate goals for each student, how to choose methods and materials, and how to assess students' progress. The authors are cofounders and codirectors of the Center for Applied Special Technology. Annotation c. Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
Teaching Everyone: An Introduction to Inclusive Education
by Whitney H. Rapp Katrina L. ArndtWhitney Rapp & Katrina Arndt developed Teaching Everyone, the first text that fully prepares teachers to see past disability labels and work with all students' individual needs and strengths. Accessible and forward-thinking, this inclusive special education text will get K-12 teachers ready to work effectively within today's schools and meet the learning needs of a wide range of students.
Teaching Evidence Law: Contemporary Trends and Innovations (Legal Pedagogy)
by Yvonne DalyTeaching Evidence Law sets out the contemporary experiences of evidence teachers in a range of common law countries across four continents: Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. It addresses key themes and places these in the context of academic literature on the teaching of evidence, proof and fact-finding. This book focuses on the methods used to teach a mix of abstract and practical rules, as well as the underlying skills of fact-analysis, that students need to apply the law in practice, to research it in the future and to debate its appropriateness. The chapters describe innovative ways of overcoming the many challenges of this field, addressing the expanding fields of evidence law, how to reach and accommodate new audiences with an interest in evidence, and the tools devised to meet old and new pedagogical problems in this area. Part of Routledge’s series on Legal Pedagogy, this book will be of great interest to academics, post-graduate students, teachers and researchers of evidence law, as well as those with a wider interest in legal pedagogy or legal practice.
Teaching Evidence-Based Writing: Texts and Lessons for Spot-On Writing About Reading (Corwin Literacy)
by Leslie A. BlaumanOne in a million. Yes, that’s how rare it is to have so many write-about-reading strategies so beautifully put to use. Each year Leslie Blauman guides her students to become highly skilled at supporting their thinking about texts, and in Evidence-Based Writing: Fiction, she shares her win-win process. Leslie combed the ELA standards and all her favorite books and built a lesson structure you can use in two ways: with an entire text or with just the excerpts she’s included in the book. Addressing Evidence, Character, Theme, Point of View, Visuals, Words and Structure, each section includes: Lessons you can use as teacher demonstrations or for guided practice, with Best the Test tips on how to authentically teach the skills that show up on exams with the texts you teach. Prompt Pages serve as handy references, giving students the key questions to ask themselves as they read any text and consider how an author’s meaning and structure combine. Excerpts-to-Write About Pages feature carefully selected passages from novels, short stories, and picture books you already know and love and questions that require students to discover a text’s literal and deeper meanings. Write-About-Reading Templates scaffold students to think about a text efficiently by focusing on its critical literary elements or text structure demands and help them rehearse for more extensive responses. Writing Tasks invite students to transform their notes into a more developed paragraph or essay with sufficiently challenging tasks geared for grades 6-8. And best of all, your students gain a confidence in responding to complex texts and ideas that will serve them well in school, on tests, and in any situation when they are asked: What are you basing that on? Show me how you know.
Teaching Evidence-Based Writing: Texts and Lessons for Spot-On Writing About Reading (Corwin Literacy)
by Leslie A. BlaumanOne in a million. Yes, that’s how rare it is to have so many write-about-reading strategies so beautifully put to use. Each year Leslie Blauman guides her students to become highly skilled at supporting their thinking about texts, and in Evidence-Based Writing: Fiction, she shares her win-win process. Leslie combed the ELA standards and all her favorite books and built a lesson structure you can use in two ways: with an entire text or with just the excerpts she’s included in the book. Addressing Evidence, Character, Theme, Point of View, Visuals, Words and Structure, each section includes: Lessons you can use as teacher demonstrations or for guided practice, with Best the Test tips on how to authentically teach the skills that show up on exams with the texts you teach. Prompt Pages serve as handy references, giving students the key questions to ask themselves as they read any text and consider how an author’s meaning and structure combine. Excerpts-to-Write About Pages feature carefully selected passages from novels, short stories, and picture books you already know and love and questions that require students to discover a text’s literal and deeper meanings. Write-About-Reading Templates scaffold students to think about a text efficiently by focusing on its critical literary elements or text structure demands and help them rehearse for more extensive responses. Writing Tasks invite students to transform their notes into a more developed paragraph or essay with sufficiently challenging tasks geared for grades 6-8. And best of all, your students gain a confidence in responding to complex texts and ideas that will serve them well in school, on tests, and in any situation when they are asked: What are you basing that on? Show me how you know.
Teaching Evidence-Based Writing: Texts and Lessons for Spot-On Writing About Reading (Corwin Literacy)
by Leslie A. BlaumanOne in a million. Yes, that’s how rare it is to have so many write-about-reading strategies so beautifully put to use. Each year Leslie Blauman guides her students to become highly skilled at supporting their thinking about texts, and in Evidence-Based Writing: Nonfiction, she shares her win-win process. Leslie combed the ELA standards and all her favorite books and built a lesson structure you can use in two ways: with an entire text or with just the excerpts she’s included in the book. Addressing Evidence, Relationships, Main Idea, Point of View, Visuals, Words and Structure, each section includes: Lessons you can use as teacher demonstrations or for guided practice, with Best the Test tips on how to authentically teach the skills that show up on exams with the texts you teach. Prompt Pages serve as handy references, giving students the key questions to ask themselves as they read any text and consider how an author’s meaning and structure combine. Excerpts-to-Write About Pages feature carefully selected passages from current biographies, informational books, and articles on the topics you teach and questions that require students to discover a text’s literal and deeper meanings. Write-About-Reading Templates scaffold students to think about a text efficiently by focusing on its critical craft elements or text structure demands and help them rehearse for more extensive responses. Writing Tasks invite students to transform their notes into a more developed paragraph or essay with sufficiently challenging tasks geared for grades 6-8. And best of all, your students gain a confidence in responding to complex texts and ideas that will serve them well in school, on tests, and in any situation when they are asked: What are you basing that on? Show me how you know.
Teaching Evidence-Based Writing: Texts and Lessons for Spot-On Writing About Reading (Corwin Literacy)
by Leslie A. BlaumanOne in a million. Yes, that’s how rare it is to have so many write-about-reading strategies so beautifully put to use. Each year Leslie Blauman guides her students to become highly skilled at supporting their thinking about texts, and in Evidence-Based Writing: Nonfiction, she shares her win-win process. Leslie combed the ELA standards and all her favorite books and built a lesson structure you can use in two ways: with an entire text or with just the excerpts she’s included in the book. Addressing Evidence, Relationships, Main Idea, Point of View, Visuals, Words and Structure, each section includes: Lessons you can use as teacher demonstrations or for guided practice, with Best the Test tips on how to authentically teach the skills that show up on exams with the texts you teach. Prompt Pages serve as handy references, giving students the key questions to ask themselves as they read any text and consider how an author’s meaning and structure combine. Excerpts-to-Write About Pages feature carefully selected passages from current biographies, informational books, and articles on the topics you teach and questions that require students to discover a text’s literal and deeper meanings. Write-About-Reading Templates scaffold students to think about a text efficiently by focusing on its critical craft elements or text structure demands and help them rehearse for more extensive responses. Writing Tasks invite students to transform their notes into a more developed paragraph or essay with sufficiently challenging tasks geared for grades 6-8. And best of all, your students gain a confidence in responding to complex texts and ideas that will serve them well in school, on tests, and in any situation when they are asked: What are you basing that on? Show me how you know.
Teaching Evolution in a Creation Nation
by Adam Laats Harvey SiegelNo fight over what gets taught in American classrooms is more heated than the battle over humanity's origins. For more than a century we have argued about evolutionary theory and creationism (and its successor theory, intelligent design), yet we seem no closer to a resolution than we were in Darwin's day. In this thoughtful examination of how we teach origins, historian Adam Laats and philosopher Harvey Siegel offer crucial new ways to think not just about the evolution debate but how science and religion can make peace in the classroom. Laats and Siegel agree with most scientists: creationism is flawed, as science. But, they argue, students who believe it nevertheless need to be accommodated in public school science classes. Scientific or not, creationism maintains an important role in American history and culture as a point of religious dissent, a sustained form of protest that has weathered a century of broad--and often dramatic--social changes. At the same time, evolutionary theory has become a critical building block of modern knowledge. The key to accommodating both viewpoints, they show, is to disentangle belief from knowledge. A student does not need to believe in evolution in order to understand its tenets and evidence, and in this way can be fully literate in modern scientific thought and still maintain contrary religious or cultural views. Altogether, Laats and Siegel offer the kind of level-headed analysis that is crucial to finding a way out of our culture-war deadlock.
Teaching Excellence in Higher Education
by Melissa Valiska GregoryMarshall Gregory argues that teachers at the university and high school levels can achieve teaching excellence by grounding their teaching in pedagogical theory that takes into account students' abilities and the ultimate goals of teaching: to develop students' capacities for thought, reflection, questioning, and engagement to their fullest extent.
Teaching Excellence?: Universities in an age of student consumerism (SAGE Swifts)
by Andrew GunnThis new title explores the role of teaching within the modern university and the impact of the Teaching Excellence and Student Outcomes Framework (TEF). It provides a critical analysis of recent policy reforms designed to increase competition and choice in higher education and what these mean for the sector. It also surveys the wider landscape and the rise of the student as consumer within HE.
Teaching Excellence?: Universities in an age of student consumerism (SAGE Swifts)
by Andrew GunnThis new title explores the role of teaching within the modern university and the impact of the Teaching Excellence and Student Outcomes Framework (TEF). It provides a critical analysis of recent policy reforms designed to increase competition and choice in higher education and what these mean for the sector. It also surveys the wider landscape and the rise of the student as consumer within HE.
Teaching Exceptional Children: Foundations and Best Practices in Early Childhood Special Education
by Mojdeh BayatTeaching Exceptional Children is the ideal textbook for introductory graduate and undergraduate courses on early childhood special education and teaching in inclusive classrooms. Bayat’s clear and accessible writing, the text’s visually appealing design, and the focused pedagogy included in each chapter help make it possible for students and instructors to cover a significant amount of material. This powerful text identifies specific behavioral characteristics and presents theoretical information grounded in neuroscience and child development research for a wide range of disabilities. Chapters provide research-based best practices for effectively working with children with various disabilities in inclusive classrooms. This third edition has been fully updated with recent research and includes new sections on Universal Design for Learning, adaptations, technology, and common challenges in inclusive early childhood classrooms. This book is also accompanied by a robust collection of online resources for instructors and students, providing full support, including a Companion Website featuring an Instructor's Manual with additional ideas for assignments and projects, web and video links with reflection questions, a test bank, and lecture slides; and an eBook+ offering interactive links to videos, glossary terms, and more!
Teaching Exceptional Children: Foundations and Best Practices in Inclusive Early Childhood Education Classrooms
by Mojdeh BayatTeaching Exceptional Children is an ideal textbook for introductory graduate and undergraduate courses on early childhood special education and teaching in inclusive classrooms. Bayat’s clear and accessible writing, a visually appealing design, and focused pedagogy in each chapter help make it possible to cover a significant amount of material. This powerful text identifies specific behavioral characteristics and presents theoretical information grounded in neuroscience and child development research for a wide range of disabilities. Research-based best practices for effectively working with children with various disabilities in inclusive classrooms are provided in each chapter. The second edition has been fully updated based on the DSM-5, and includes new sections on contemporary issues in inclusion of children with disabilities in early childhood classrooms, such as challenging behaviors, using technology, at-risk children, promoting mental health, and family issues. A robust pedagogical program, along with online resources for instructors and students, provides full support, including: Chapter Objectives and Key Terms help frame each chapter Discussion, Critical Thinking, Essay/Short Answer, and Review Questions at the beginning, throughout, and concluding chapters prompt students to fully engage with the material Homework/Field Assignments provide opportunities for students to apply their knowledge to real-world situations Real-Life Vignettes illustrate concepts in action Color Photos, Figures, and Tables clarify concepts in a visually engaging way Recommended Resources and References offer guidance for further study www.routledge.com/9781138802209 includes a link to an Instructor's Manual with ideas for assignments and projects, grading and assessment rubrics, and learning outcomes (see the e-Resource tab). A full companion website (www.routledge.com/cw/bayat) is under construction and will provide video and web links, discussion questions, test bank, PowerPoints, and a sample syllabus.
Teaching Expertise in Three Countries: Japan, China, and the United States
by Akiko HayashiA comparison of the development of expertise in preschool teaching in China, Japan, and the United States. In Teaching Expertise in Three Countries, Akiko Hayashi shows how teachers from Japan, China, and the United States think about what it means to be an expert teacher. Based on interviews with teachers conducted over the span of fifteen years and videos taken in their classrooms, Hayashi gives us a valuable portrait of expert teachers in the making. While Hayashi’s research uncovered cultural variations in the different national contexts, her analysis of how teachers adapted their pedagogy throughout their careers also revealed many cross-national similarities. Younger teachers often describe themselves as being in a rush, following scripts, and “talking too much,” while experienced teachers describe themselves as being quieter, knowing children better, and being more present. Including a foreword by scholar of early childhood education Joseph Tobin, Teaching Expertise in Three Countries provides a foundation for understanding the sequence and pathways of development over the first decade of teaching in three national contexts, demonstrating the value of the field of comparative education in the process.
Teaching Extensive Reading in Another Language (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by I.S.P. Nation Rob WaringThis comprehensive book by renowned scholars Paul Nation and Rob Waring accessibly covers all aspects of extensive reading in second and foreign language contexts. The book serves as a major update to the field on the topic, with current research findings on extensive reading as they relate to motivation, reading fluency, and vocabulary learning, among other topics. Clear and straightforward, it includes case studies, strategies, and methods for implementing and assessing effective extensive reading in the classroom and provides resources and tools for preservice teachers of ESL/EFL and foreign languages. Suitable for programs in TESOL and Applied Linguistics with courses in L2 reading, reading instruction, TESOL methods, and foreign language reading or teaching, it will appeal to students and preservice teachers as well as English language teaching professionals and EFL/ESL teachers.
Teaching Fairy Tales (Series in Fairy-Tale Studies)
by Gioia Timpanelli Cristina Mazzoni Allison Stedman Ann Schmiesing Jennifer Schacker Prof. Nancy L. Canepa Prof. Jack Zipes Dean Donald Haase Lewis C. Seifert Prof. Anne E. Duggan Professor Maria Nikolajeva Prof. Cristina Bacchilega Associate Professor Christine A. Jones Julie L. Koehler Kay Stone Prof. Maria Tatar Prof. Victoria Somoff Prof. Gina Miele Prof. Linda Kraus Worley Prof. Faith E. Beasley Prof. Charlotte Trinquet du Lys Prof. Benjamin Balak Prof. Suzanne Magnanini Dr Maria Kaliambou Prof. Elio Brancaforte Prof. William Moebius Prof. Graham AndersonTeaching Fairy Tales edited by Nancy L. Canepa brings together scholars who have contributed to the field of fairy-tale studies since its origins. This collection offers information on materials, critical approaches and ideas, and pedagogical resources for the teaching of fairy tales in one comprehensive source that will further help bring fairy-tale studies into the academic mainstream. The volume begins by posing some of the big questions that stand at the forefront of fairy-tale studies: How should we define the fairy tale? What is the "classic" fairy tale? Does it make sense to talk about a fairy-tale canon? The first chapter includes close readings of tales and their variants, in order to show how fairy tales aren’t simple, moralizing, and/or static narratives. The second chapter focuses on essential moments and documents in fairy-tale history, investigating how we gain unique perspectives on cultural history through reading fairy tales. Contributors to chapter 3 argue that encouraging students to approach fairy tales critically, either through well-established lenses or newer ways of thinking, enables them to engage actively with material that can otherwise seem over-familiar. Chapter 4 makes a case for using fairy tales to help students learn a foreign language. Teaching Fairy Tales also includes authors’ experiences of successful hands-on classroom activities with fairy tales, syllabi samples from a range of courses, and testimonies from storytellers that inspire students to reflect on the construction and transmission of narrative by becoming tale-tellers themselves. Teaching Fairy Tales crosses disciplinary, historical, and national boundaries to consider the fairy-tale corpus integrally and from a variety of perspectives. Scholars from many different academic areas will use this volume to explore and implement new aspects of the field of fairy-tale studies in their teaching and research.
Teaching Family Law: Reflections on Pedagogy and Practice (Legal Pedagogy)
by Henry Kha and Mark HenaghanThis book provides a comprehensive analysis of the teaching of an eclectic range of family law topics and the unique opportunities and challenges of teaching family law in different jurisdictions from a varied international perspective. Written by leading legal scholars, the book addresses a gap in the scholarship to comprehensively and systematically analyse the teaching of family law. The first part of the book explores ways of teaching the varied range of topics under the heading of family law and captures the diverse approaches to the discipline. Chapters illustrate how the subject can be best taught in an interdisciplinary way that considers feminist perspectives and the philosophy of teaching, while encompassing legal positivism, empirical research and critical legal theory. The second part of the book examines teaching in different jurisdictions and illustrates policy and practice in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong and South Africa. Showcasing examples of best practice of teaching family law, the book will be an essential reading for legal scholars, as well as researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of family law and legal education.
Teaching Fear: How We Learn to Fear Crime and Why It Matters
by Nicole E. RaderWhere do lessons of “stranger danger” and safety come from—and do they apply differently for women? A gender-fear paradox shows that although women are less likely to be victims of most crimes (sexual assault aside), their fear of crime is greater. Moreover, girls and women—especially White women—are taught to fear the wrong things and given impossible tools to prevent victimization. In Teaching Fear, Nicole Rader zooms in on the social learning process, tracing the ways that families, schools, and the media have become obsessed with crime myths, especially regarding girls and women. Based on in-depth research and family studies, Rader reveals the dubious and dangerous origins of many of the most prominent safety guidelines that teach young girls to be more afraid of crime. These guidelines carry over to adulthood, influencing women’s behaviors and the way they order their worlds, with dangerous consequences. As women teach their learned behavior and conditioned fear to others, gendered crime myths are recirculated from generation to generation, making them a staple in our society. Teaching Fear includes suggestions for taking precautionary measures and crime prevention strategies. Rader also provides guidance for instilling safety values and demonstrating how we can “teach fear better” to break this cycle and truly create greater security.