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Understanding Interventions That Encourage Minorities To Pursue Research Careers: Summary Of A Workshop
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesMinority groups are severely underrepresented in the scientific workforce. To encourage minorities to pursue careers in research, a variety of "intervention programs" have been created at the pre-college, college, and graduate school levels. While there is a belief that these programs often achieve their goals, there is relatively little understanding of the factors that contribute to that success. The Division of Minority Opportunities in Research (MORE) at the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health has established a grant program to support research to better understand the factors that contribute to the success of intervention programs. The MORE Division asked the National Academies to organize a workshop focusing on issues addressed by the grant program. This workshop summary presents examples of previous research on intervention programs, describes ways to formulate effective research questions and conduct research to identify the key elements that lead to successful intervention programs, and outlines ways to foster a community of researchers in this area.
Understanding Islam: A Guide for Teachers
by Imran MograMisconceptions and misunderstandings about Islam and fear of causing offence can be barriers to being an effective teacher in a diverse school. This book aims to give non-Muslim teachers the confidence to engage meaningfully with important facets of Muslim pupils&’ lives leading to a richer and more rewarding experience in the classroom. Aspects of Islam explored include: the foundations and obligations of faith, ethical dimensions placed upon Muslims, the importance of education in Muslim communities and contemporary issues faced by communities in the UK. To deepen your understanding, each chapter is enriched by case studies linked to the classroom, expert voices that offer authenticity and reflective tasks that encourage you to consider key concepts in greater depth. This is essential reading for new and experienced teachers in primary and secondary schools wishing to deepen their knowledge of Islam.
Understanding Islam: A Guide for Teachers
by Imran MograMisconceptions and misunderstandings about Islam and fear of causing offence can be barriers to being an effective teacher in a diverse school. This book aims to give non-Muslim teachers the confidence to engage meaningfully with important facets of Muslim pupils&’ lives leading to a richer and more rewarding experience in the classroom. Aspects of Islam explored include: the foundations and obligations of faith, ethical dimensions placed upon Muslims, the importance of education in Muslim communities and contemporary issues faced by communities in the UK. To deepen your understanding, each chapter is enriched by case studies linked to the classroom, expert voices that offer authenticity and reflective tasks that encourage you to consider key concepts in greater depth. This is essential reading for new and experienced teachers in primary and secondary schools wishing to deepen their knowledge of Islam.
Understanding Jesus and Muhammad: What the ancient texts say about them
by Bernie PowerJesus and Muhammad are arguably the two most influential individuals who have ever lived. Over half of the world today claims to follow them and the religions they founded: Christianity and Islam.But who were these two men? Where did they come from? What did they do and teach? And what was their vision for the future?Understanding Jesus and Muhammad answers all these questions, drawing on the earliest ancient documents we have about them.In the light of the current tensions that exist in the world, the future of civilisation may well depend on how humanity responds to Jesus and Muhammad.
Understanding Jesus: Cultural Insights into the Words and Deeds of Christ
by Joe AmaralModern-day Christians often bring their own presuppositions and assumptions to the reading of the Bible, not realizing how deeply their understanding of Christ's life and teachings is affected by a 21st-century worldview. In Understanding Jesus, author Joe Amaral delves deep into Jewish history, societal mores, and cultural traditions, closing the gap created by geographical distance and over two thousand years of history. Using a chronological approach to the life of Christ, he guides the reader through significant events such as Jesus' birth, baptism, and crucifixion, pointing out illuminating details that that the Western mind would normally miss.Amaral's premise is that to understand Jesus, we must understand the time and place in which he was born, the background from which he drew his illustrations, and the audience he spoke to. Throughout the book he explores specific terms, places, and events for their significance and shows how they add richness and meaning to the text. Topics include the connection between Jesus and John the Baptist, the annual Feasts and why they are important to modern Christianity, Jewish customs such as foot-washing, clean and unclean foods, paying tribute to political governments, and the significance of various miracles.In Understanding Jesus, Amaral draws back the curtain on a way of life that existed during the reign of the Caesars, and in doing so, reveals truths about the way we live more than two thousand years later, half a world away.
Understanding Judaism
by Daniel L DavidThe quintessential introduction to Jewish beliefs, practices and traditions by the rabbi and director of the New York Federation of Reform Synagogues.Rabbi Daniel L. Davis was a leader of Reform Judaism. His classic text, Understanding Judaism, has been widely used by Jews and non-Jews alike since it was first published in 1958. A popular volume for those attending conversion courses, if offers a fuller grasp of Jewish religion and culture. From basic concepts in Judaism to institutions, practices, and the organization of Jewish life in America, Rabbi Davis presents a comprehensive overview of the subject. This volume also includes vocabulary terms of Jewish interest and usage, a self-review section, and an extensive reading list on everything from Jewish history to Jewish literature.
Understanding Key Education Issues: How We Got Here and Where We Go From Here
by Matthew LynchIn this age of education innovation and reform, schools must evolve and react to current policy trends. This accessible book offers research-based insights into six key educational trends and issues that are impacting K–12 learning today: year-round schooling, assessments, educating minorities, anti-intellectualism, issues of social promotion and retention, and school design. Each chapter unpacks research and policy issues relating to these topics and provides administrators with practical advice on how they should approach these issues to improve learning in their schools. The ideas and strategies in Understanding Key Education Issues will help educators across the country achieve greater efficiency, better results, and a higher purpose.
Understanding Language Teaching: From Method to Postmethod (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by B. KumaravadiveluThis book traces the historical development of major language teaching methods in terms of theoretical principles and classroom procedures, and provides a critical evaluation of each. Drawing from seminal, foundational texts and from critical commentaries made by various scholars, Kumaravadivelu examines the profession's current transition from method to postmethod and, in the process, elucidates the relationship between theory, research, and practice. The chief objective is to help readers see the pattern that connects language, learning, teaching methods, and postmethod perspectives.In this book, Kumaravadivelu:*brings together a critical vision of L2 learning and teaching--a vision founded at once on historical development and contemporary thought;*connects findings of up-to-date research in L2 learning with issues in L2 teaching thus making the reader aware of the relationship between theory, research and practice;*presents language teaching methods within a coherent framework of language-, learner-, and learning-centered pedagogies, thus helping the reader to see how they are related to each other;*shows how the three categories of methods evolved historically leading ultimately (and inevitably) to the emergence of a postmethod condition; and*provides the reader with a solid background in several interconnected areas of L2 pedagogy, such as concepts of competence, input factors, intake processes, interactional modifications, and instructional design.Understanding Language Teaching: From Method to Postmethod is intended for an international audience of teacher educators, practicing teachers and graduate students, researchers, curriculum planners, and materials designers in the field of second and foreign language teaching.
Understanding Language Use in the Classroom
by Susan J. BehrensIt is clear that a proper understanding of what academic English is and how to use it is crucial for success in college, and yet students face multiple obstacles in acquiring this new 'code', not least that their professors often cannot agree amongst themselves on a definition and a set of rules. Understanding Language Use in the Classroom aims to bring the latest findings in linguistics research on academic English to educators from other disciplines, and to help them help their students learn and achieve. Behrens combines a powerful argument for the importance of explicit teaching of language skills in college with answers to common questions from professors and students, as well as sample teaching materials to help make these issues come alive in the classroom.
Understanding Language and Literacy Development
by Xiao-Lei WangUnderstanding Language and Literacy Development: Diverse Learners in the Classroom offers effective supporting strategies to address the cultural and linguistic diversity of students in contemporary classrooms. Discusses learners with different linguistic abilities--infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence--by suggesting effective ways to reach them based on their strengths and needs Emphasizes language and literacy supporting strategies in a variety of everyday classroom settings Includes activities and questions to motivate readers to think and develop their own perspectives on language and literacy development Considers a variety of different language acquisition experiences, including monolingual, multilingual, and language impairment Discusses different types of literacies, including digital and hypertext Connects language and literacy development to identity and motivation to contextualize learning styles for pre-service teachers Supported by a companion website that includes additional resources such as PowerPoint presentations by chapter and a summary of relevant information from the Common Core K-12 English Language Arts Standards
Understanding Language in Diverse Classrooms: A Primer for All Teachers
by Marilyn Shatz Louise C. WilkinsonWith the increasing linguistic and cultural diversity of students in U. S. schools, all teachers, regardless of the content area or grade they teach, need research-based strategies for assisting all students to gain English proficiency. This practical, concise guide shows teachers what they need to know about language, how it is learned, how it is used, and how teaching about it can be incorporated into lessons throughout the curriculum. Understanding Language in Diverse Classrooms offers a model of how learning takes place and describes the critical role of teachers in that model. It includes comparison charts showing how some of the most common heritage languages represented among present-day students compare with English, and it provides examples of hands-on materials including checklists, rating scales, and sample lessons to help teachers prepare to teach all their students in diverse classrooms. Each chapter ends with questions to stimulate discussion and reflection on major chapter points, to enable readers to review and evaluate the information and then integrate it into their own practice.
Understanding Latin America: A Christian Perspective (Understanding God's World Ser.)
by Peter Hoover Virgil SchrockThis hardcover textbook covers the geography and history of Latin American countries from a Biblical viewpoint. Geographical and political features of the countries are emphasized and map skills are taught. The last four chapters begin with a study of the ancient Indian empires, cover the Spanish conquest of the New World, and move on to modern times.
Understanding Learning and Motivation in Youth: Challenging Policy and Practice
by Knud Illeris Noemi Katznelson Niels Ulrik SørensenThrough interviews with a selection of the most qualified and well-reputed Northern European researchers, Understanding Learning and Motivation in Youth explores, and offers a range of solutions to, one of the central problems in modern education: motivation for learning. The way that teaching is currently delivered to students aged 11–19 often does not support positive learning; the ongoing encouragement to produce as much competence as possible at the lowest possible costs elicits critical conditions for learning processes, endangering not only the motivation of students, but also the engagement and motivation of teachers themselves. This book examines how this can be handled in practice by teachers and educators, drawing on the perspectives of carefully selected experts to provide an introduction to the debates surrounding neoliberal education, as well as a means to counteract the damages in their everyday teaching and activities. With an original and accessible format and a unique insight into the thoughts of a select group of academics, Understanding Learning and Motivation is essential reading for students, researchers and academics studying the effects of neoliberal education, as well as practicing teachers and educational leaders who are attempting to combat the problem.
Understanding Learning and Teaching in Secondary Schools
by Terry Hudson Alison HramiakUnderstanding Learning and Teaching in Secondary Schools has been specifically researched, written and developed to inform, support and guide anyone training to become a secondary teacher today. This comprehensive new text strikes a balance between the depth of theory covered in the book and its practical application in the classroom. The authors introduce and explore key ideas and issues in an accessible, highly readable way, inviting you to reflect on your own practice and challenge both your own and others' thinking.
Understanding Learning in Virtual Worlds
by Anna Peachey Mark ChildsSince the publication of the companion volume Researching Learning in Virtual Worlds in 2010, there has been a growth not only in the range and number of educational initiatives taking place in virtual worlds, but also in the depth of analysis of the nature of that education. Understanding Learning in Virtual Worlds reflects those changes through a collection of chapters that are extended versions of research presented at the second Researching Learning in Virtual Environments conference (ReLIVE 11), an international conference hosted by the Open University UK. Included in this book are chapters that explore the philosophical and methodological underpinnings of understanding learning in virtual worlds, identify and analyse the factors that support learning in these environments, and present case studies that demonstrate some of the various ways in which virtual worlds can be applied to facilitate learning and teaching. The links between learning in a virtual world and learning in the physical world are made apparent throughout, and the authors reveal how understanding learning in one informs the other. Understanding Learning in Virtual Worlds is an important book not only to those who teach in virtual worlds, but to anyone for whom understanding learning, in all its forms, is of interest.
Understanding Lesson Study for Mathematics: A Practical Guide for Improving Teaching and Learning
by David Swanson Siân Morgan Rosa ArcherUsing the latest research, this book provides an insight into how learning in mathematics can be improved through a lesson study approach. This highly practical resource explores the research and theory that underpins lesson study, and shows the significant impact it can have on teacher development. Divided into ten accessible main chapters that focus in depth on an individual mathematics lesson, each chapter provides research and background to the lesson, an outline of key features, a detailed description and analysis of the lesson in practice, post-lesson discussions and reflections which generalise from the experience, as well as links to helpful resources. Some of the key topics explored include: Fractions Proportional relationships Probability and statistics Geometry Modelling Algebra Dialogic reasoning. Understanding Lesson Study for Mathematics is the perfect resource for all mathematics teachers, trainee teachers, and professional developers who are looking to develop the use of lesson study in their own practice or for those simply seeking new inspiring ideas for the mathematics classroom.
Understanding Life in School: From Academic Classroom to Outdoor Education
by John QuayAttending school is an experience that most people share but this leads us to accept rather than question the experience. Using the philosophies of Heidegger and Dewey, John Quay explores life in schools and juxtaposes the environment of a school camp with that of an academic classroom.
Understanding Life in School: From Academic Classroom to Outdoor Education
by John QuayAttending school is an experience that most people share but this leads us to accept rather than question the experience. Using the philosophies of Heidegger and Dewey, John Quay explores life in schools and juxtaposes the environment of a school camp with that of an academic classroom.
Understanding Literacy Development: A Global View
by Linda M. Phillips Anne McKeough Vianne Timmons Judy Lee LupartThe acquisition and maintenance of literacy is of pressing interest and concern to educators and educational policy makers worldwide. What are the common themes, the common questions, and the unique circumstances and initiatives that spring from this interest and concern? To address these questions, Understanding Literacy Development: A Global View brings together leading experts from around the world to explore ways to best provide teaching and learning opportunities, tailored to specific educational needs, to help all children become better readers.The premise is that current generic "one-size-fits-all" approaches are inappropriate for many children and can lead to underachievement and failure. The contributors write from a stance that reflects not only their own particular expertise and experience, but also sheds light on literacy development across cultures, countries, and circumstances. Taken together, chapters in this volume target a wide and comprehensive set of literacy issues, and offer an extensive exploration of the complexities of literacy development, including issues related to early literacy, school instruction, family literacy, adolescent and adult literacy, and teacher development.At a time when education is burdened by increasing economic pressure to do more with less, it is imperative that educators and decision makers at all levels have access to current, broad-ranging, and in-depth information and evidence to inform their choices. This volume, compiling critical research on a wide spectrum of literacy concerns, is an invaluable tool for scholars, teacher educators, professionals and graduate students in the fields of literacy education, early childhood education, educational psychology, educational policy, and related areas.
Understanding Literacy and Disadvantage (Primary Teaching Now)
by Ruth Newman Debra Myhill Clare Dowdall Annabel WatsonAddressing literacy and disadvantage requires high-quality teaching, first and foremost: there are no quick fixes, simplistic solutions or silver bullets. Both research and professional evidence from schools have revealed a strong association between social disadvantage and achievement in literacy: in fact, it has been a concern for over 70 years. Yet, many trainee teachers, and teachers in general, feel ill-equipped to deal with the issue. This book supports trainee teachers to explore the complex relationships between literacy achievement and social background. It offers practical strategies for teaching and supports trainee teachers to understand that: *children’s individual backgrounds need to be valued and drawn upon; *deficit descriptions of disadvantaged children and low expectations must be avoided and challenged; *schools, teachers and classrooms must provider rich literacy environments for learning.
Understanding Literacy and Disadvantage (Primary Teaching Now)
by Ruth Newman Debra Myhill Clare Dowdall Annabel WatsonAddressing literacy and disadvantage requires high-quality teaching, first and foremost: there are no quick fixes, simplistic solutions or silver bullets. Both research and professional evidence from schools have revealed a strong association between social disadvantage and achievement in literacy: in fact, it has been a concern for over 70 years. Yet, many trainee teachers, and teachers in general, feel ill-equipped to deal with the issue. This book supports trainee teachers to explore the complex relationships between literacy achievement and social background. It offers practical strategies for teaching and supports trainee teachers to understand that: *children’s individual backgrounds need to be valued and drawn upon; *deficit descriptions of disadvantaged children and low expectations must be avoided and challenged; *schools, teachers and classrooms must provider rich literacy environments for learning.
Understanding Looked After Children: An Introduction to Psychology for Foster Care
by Suzanne Mccall Lloyd Hamilton Jeune Guishard-PineUnderstanding Looked After Children is an accessible guide to understanding the mental health needs of children in foster care and the role of foster carers and support networks in helping these children. The authors provide foster carers with an insight into the psychological issues experienced by children in the care system, and the impact of these issues on the foster family. Chapters cover cultural, social and legal structures associated with foster care and both the relevant child psychology theory and examples drawn from real-life situations. The authors give advice on how to address common psychological issues in collaboration with multi-agency professionals, as well as how to access to statutory services. They also explain the possible impact of assessments on foster children and the causes and management of foster carers' own feelings of frustration, anger or disappointment with social and mental health services or the placement itself. Chapters are complemented by case studies, and the book includes a helpful glossary to common terminology. Understanding Looked After Children is essential reading for registered foster carers and those considering fostering, as well as adoptive parents, and a useful reference for trainee and experienced practitioners in the care system, including social workers, psychologists, counsellors, teachers and others looking after vulnerable children.
Understanding Mass Higher Education: Comparative Perspectives on Access
by David Palfreyman Ted TapperIn recent years most western democracies have experienced a shift from elite to mass higher education, with the United States leading the way. This text compares the experience of this very important social change within different nation states. Whilst recognising the critical global economic forces that appear to explain the international nature of the change, it sees the issues as rooted within different national traditions.There is a particular focus upon the discourse of access, especially the political discourse. The book addresses questions such as:* How has expansion been explained?* Has expansion been generated by state intervention or by a combination of economic and social forces?* What are the forms of political intervention?* What points of agreement and conflict are generated within the wider society by expanding access?Leading academic experts explore the ways in which different systems of higher education have accommodated mass access, constructing comparative pictures and comparative interpretations and lessons in an accessible and informative style. This book should be critical reading for students in education, sociology and politics, as well as policy-makers and academics.
Understanding Mathematics and Science Matters (Studies in Mathematical Thinking and Learning Series)
by Thomas A. Romberg, Thomas P. Carpenter and Fae DremockThe research reported in this book provides reliable evidence on and knowledge about mathematics and science instruction that emphasizes student understanding--instruction consistent with the needs of students who will be citizens in an increasingly demanding technological world.The National Center for Improving Student Learning in Mathematics and Science--established in 1996 as a research center and funded by the U.S. Department of Education--was instrumental in developing instructional practices supportive of high student achievement in and understanding of mathematics and science concepts. NCISLA researchers worked with teachers, students, and administrators to construct learning environments that exemplify current research and theory about effective learning of mathematics and science. The careful programs of research conducted examined how instructional content and design, assessment, professional development, and organizational support can be designed, implemented, and orchestrated to support the learning of all students. This book presents a summary of the concepts, findings, and conclusions of the Center's research from 1996-2001.In the Introduction, the chapters in Understanding Mathematics and Science Matters are situated in terms of the reform movement in school mathematics and school science. Three thematically structured sections focus on, respectively, research directed toward what is involved when students learn mathematics and science with understanding; research on the role of teachers and the problems they face when attempting to teach their students mathematics and science with understanding; and a collaboration among some of the contributors to this volume to gather information about classroom assessment practices and organizational support for reform.The goal of this book is to help educational practitioners, policymakers, and the general public to see the validity of the reform recommendations, understand the recommended guidelines, and to use these to transform teaching and learning of mathematics and science in U.S. classrooms.
Understanding Mathematics for Young Children
by Derek Haylock Anne CockburnIf you are a teacher or student teacher in a nursery or primary school, you need a secure understanding of the mathematical ideas behind the material you will use in the classroom. To help young children develop their understanding of mathematics, you need to develop your own understanding of how mathematics is learnt. <P><P> In this indispensible book, the authors help you to understand mathematical concepts and how children come to understand them, and also help develop your own confidence with mathematical activities. <P> Each chapter of this book includes:<P> - Real-life examples and illustrations from children and teachers in the classroom <P> - The research behind some of the concepts and teaching approaches discussed <P> - Pauses to reflect and discuss your own mathematical knowledge and experience <P> - Age-appropriate classroom activities to try with your class or group.