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The EAL Teaching Book: Promoting Success for Multilingual Learners (Primary Teaching Now)
by Jean ContehAs the number of children for whom English is an Additional Language in schools increases, how do teachers and trainees prepare to support them to succeed? A complete guide to understanding, learning from and teaching bilingual and EAL children in schools. The text begins by asking ′who are EAL learners′ and challenges some of the misconceptions about this group. It goes on to examine language in depth, providing focused theory to help teachers and trainees better understand the wider context of children′s needs. This theory is supported by a wealth of information on practical teaching strategies and resources in the promoting learning section. The text covers planning across the curriculum for EAL and offers day-to-day practical support for teachers. The fourth edition is updated throughout and includes a new chapter on EAL and SEND.
The ELL Teacher's Toolbox 2.0: Hundreds of Practical Ideas to Support Your Students (The Teacher's Toolbox Series)
by Larry Ferlazzo Katie Hull SypnieskiSet your English language learners up for success with this effective resource The ELL Teacher's Toolbox 2.0 is a valuable, updated resource that teachers of English Language Learners (ELLs) can use to improve student outcomes. With hundreds of innovative strategies and activities to bring to your classroom, this book can be used with learners of all levels and in any instructional setting. This revised edition provides the latest enhancements to the instructional tools—along with 16 new chapters that you can add to your teaching repertoire. New content includes coverage of artificial intelligence, online learning environments, and differentiated instruction. Graphics and visuals make it easy to understand and adapt the content to your unique teaching situation. Written by proven authors in the field, the book is divided into two main sections: Reading/Writing and Speaking/Listening. Each of those sections includes “Top Ten” favorites and between 40 and 70 strategies that can be used as part of multiple lessons and across content areas. Contains 60% new strategies Features ready-to-use lesson plans Includes reproducible handouts Offers technology integration ideas For the growing number of ELLs in public schools, effective ELL instruction can mean the difference between long-term academic success and continued struggling. In this book, you'll find countless practical ideas to add to your teaching arsenal—or for training and coaching ELL teachers—so you can support your students on their journey.
The ELL Teacher's Toolbox: Hundreds of Practical Ideas to Support Your Students (The Teacher's Toolbox Series)
by Larry Ferlazzo Katie Hull SypnieskiPractical strategies to support your English language learners The ELL Teacher’s Toolbox is a practical, valuable resource to be used by teachers of English Language Learners, in teacher education credential programs, and by staff development professionals and coaches. It provides hundreds of innovative and research-based instructional strategies you can use to support all levels of English Language Learners. Written by proven authors in the field, the book is divided into two main sections: Reading/Writing and Speaking/Listening. Each of those sections includes “Top Ten” favorites and between 40 and 70 strategies that can be used as part of multiple lessons and across content areas. Contains 60% new strategies Features ready-to-use lesson plans Includes reproducible handouts Offers technology integration ideas The percentage of public school students in the U.S. who are English language learners grows each year—and with this book, you’ll get a ton of fresh, innovative strategies to add to your teaching arsenal.
The ESL / ELL Teacher's Survival Guide
by Larry Ferlazzo Katie Hull SypnieskiA much-needed resource for teaching English to all learners The number of English language learners in U. S. schools is projected to grow to twenty-five percent by 2025. Most teachers have English learners in their classrooms, from kindergarten through college. The ESL/ELL Teacher?s Survival Guide offers educators practical strategies for setting up an ESL-friendly classroom, motivating and interacting with students, communicating with parents of English learners, and navigating the challenges inherent in teaching ESL students. Provides research-based instructional techniques which have proven effective with English learners at all proficiency levels Offers thematic units complete with reproducible forms and worksheets, sample lesson plans, and sample student assignments The book?s ESL lessons connect to core standards and technology applications This hands-on resource will give all teachers at all levels the information they need to be effective ESL instructors.
The ESL/ELL Teacher's Survival Guide: Ready-to-Use Strategies, Tools, and Activities for Teaching All Levels (J-b Ed: Survival Guides #175)
by Larry Ferlazzo Katie Hull SypnieskiMaximize the educational potential of your ESL/ELL class with this singular resource The ESL/ELL Teacher's Survival Guide: Ready-to-Use Strategies, Tools, and Activities for Teaching English Language Learners of All Levels, 2nd Edition offers readers a comprehensive range of instructional strategies and educational resources for teaching English. The newly revised 2nd Edition includes brand new chapters on: • Working with Long-Term English Language Learners • Teaching English internationally • Teaching Elementary Age ELLs • Teaching Adult ELLs • Teaching ELLs with learning challenges • Culturally Responsive Instruction • Effective online instruction • Working with co-teachers and para-professionals In addition to the new chapters, The ESL/ELL Teacher's Survival Guide contains updated material on topics including math, science, social studies, Common Core Standards, the Next Generation Science Standards and 150 pages of new, highly engaging content. An essential resource for anyone involved in teaching English as a Second Language to students of all ages, this book is perfect for general education teachers and ESL specialists for students in grades six through twelve. It’s also highly instructive for teachers of adult ESL classes, elementary and teacher educators, and resource specialists.
The Early Modern Travels of Manchu: A Script and Its Study in East Asia and Europe (Encounters with Asia)
by Mårten Söderblom SaarelaA linguistic and historical study of the Manchu script in the early modern worldManchu was a language first written down as part of the Qing state-building project in Northeast Asia in the early seventeenth century. After the Qing invasion of China in 1644, and for the next two and a half centuries, Manchu was the language of state in one of the early modern world's great powers. Its prominence and novelty attracted the interest of not only Chinese literati but also foreign scholars. Yet scholars in Europe and Japan, and occasionally even within China itself, were compelled to study the language without access to a native speaker. Jesuit missionaries in Beijing sent Chinese books on Manchu to Europe, where scholars struggled to represent it in an alphabet compatible with Western pedagogy and printing technology. In southern China, meanwhile, an isolated phonologist with access to Jesuit books relied on expositions of the Roman alphabet to make sense of the Manchu script. When Chinese textbooks and dictionaries of Manchu eventually reached Japan, scholars there used their knowledge of Dutch to understand Manchu.In The Early Modern Travels of Manchu, Mårten Söderblom Saarela focuses on outsiders both within and beyond the Qing empire who had little interaction with Manchu speakers but took an interest in the strange, new language of a rising world power. He shows how—through observation, inference, and reference to received ideas on language and writing—intellectuals in southern China, Russia, France, Chosŏn Korea, and Tokugawa Japan deciphered the Manchu script and explores the uses to which it was put for recording sounds and arranging words.
The Effective Reader
by D. J. HenryThe author integrates reading skills with the reading process (SQ3R) to produce more effective readers and lead students to discover the power and pleasure of reading. Providing step-by-step reading instruction, a wide range of practice and test materials, and a rich selection of readings from textbooks and other sources, the author makes students responsible for their reading–improving their major reading skills while developing a system for reading.
The Elements of Hittite
by Theo Van Den HoutHittite is one of the earliest attested Indo-European languages and was the language of a state which flourished in Asia Minor particularly in the second millennium BC. This exciting and accessible new introductory course, which can be used in both trimester and semester systems, offers in ten lessons a comprehensive introduction to the grammar of the Hittite language with ample exercises both in transliteration and in cuneiform. It includes a separate section of paradigms, an index of syntactic and semantic topics, as well as a list of every cuneiform sign used in the book. A full glossary can be found at the back. The book has been designed so that the cuneiform is not essential and can be left out of any course if so desired. The introduction provides the necessary cultural and historical background, with suggestions for further reading, and explains the principles of the cuneiform writing system.
The Elusive Case of Lingua Franca: Fact and Fiction
by Joanna NolanThis book explores many of the unanswered questions surrounding the original and eponymous Lingua Franca, a language spoken by peoples across the Mediterranean and North Africa for nearly three centuries. Allowing people from different countries, classes and cultures to interact with one another for the purposes of trade, piracy, slavery and diplomacy - among many other domains - Lingua Franca was lexified by Romance languages, including Italian and its dialects, Spanish, French and Portuguese, with possible Turkish and Arabic influences as well. The potential unreliability of source accounts, the blurring of fact and fiction across documentary and dramatic sources, and the linguistic biases and plurilingual repertoire of many of Lingua Franca’s speakers all combine to make Lingua Franca an elusive topic for examination. The author draws upon previously unexplored documentary evidence, including correspondence from the era found in The National Archives at Kew, to shed light on the multilingual and plurilingual landscape that fostered Lingua Franca’s development and spread, and its influence on the written domain. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of colonial history, linguistic anthropology, sociolinguistics and language contact.
The Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement, 1918-1929 (RLE Israel and Palestine)
by Yehoshua PorathThe resurgence of Palestinian nationalism in the wake of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war tended to overshadow the fact that Palestinian national consciousness is not a new phenomenon, but traces its origins back to the time when the first stirrings of nationalism were being felt in many parts of the under-developed world. This work, first published in 1974, is based on both Arabic and Hebrew primary sources as well as English and French official and unofficial documents, and was the first detailed study of the infancy period of Palestinian nationalism. The book begins by establishing the position of Palestine and Jerusalem in Islamic history and their significance within the concepts of Islam, and outlines the social and political features of the Palestinian population at the beginning of the First World War. The author then charts in detail the development of Palestinian nationalism over the decade after the War. Two major forces influenced this development and reacted with it: Zionism, with its ambitious schemes for settling Jews in Palestine and creating a National Home for them there, and Arab nationalism on a wider scale, which was emerging spontaneously with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the spreading of ideas of self-determination. The growing threat posed by Zionism awoke the Palestinian population to the need for organization and the establishment of their own identity to oppose it, while the focus of their national aspirations widened or narrowed according to the ability which they felt at any given time to confront Zionism and achieve self-expression within a Palestinian rather than an all-Syrian national framework. The events of these turbulent years – the confrontations with the British, delegations, boycotts, proposals and rejections, the emergence of al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni, the Wailing Wall conflict and its repercussions – are all described within the context of these wider considerations, which also include Britain’s own role as holder of the Mandate over Palestine.
The English Language Teacher in Global Civil Society (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Barbara M. BirchHow can English language teachers contribute to peace locally and globally? English language teachers and learners are located in the global civil society – an international network of civil organizations and NGOs related to human rights, the environment, and sustainable peace. English, with its special role as an international language, is a major tool for communication within this network. On the local level, many teachers are interested in promoting reconciliation and sustainable peace, but often do not know how to do so. This book provides information, analysis, and techniques to help teachers around the world take action toward this goal. Balancing, in a readable and accessible way, the global and the local, core and periphery, cultural diffusion and resistance, theory and practice, pessimism and optimism, outsider and insider perspectives, the expert role and the apprentice role, and prescriptive and elicitive methods, it offers an alternative to literature about critical applied linguistics, globalization, and peace education that is simply too complex and wordy to spread easily from theoretician to the classroom teacher. The English Teacher in Global Civil Society: synthesizes threads from many fields and topics into a coherent and empowering argument for the activist role English language teachers can take to promote social change draws on humanistic education, peace education, cross-cultural understanding, problem-posing, cooperative learning, and critical thinking methodologies to help English language teachers learn how to teach conflict resolution skills in their classrooms covers issues in critical applied linguistics, approaches and methodologies in ESL/EFL, global and local curricular issues, and specific skill areas such reading, writing, and speaking suggests a new goal for English language teachers: global citizenship. This engaging, informative, provocative, and highly readable book is a welcome resource for English language teacher trainers, pre-service teachers, practicing classroom teachers, and Peace Corps workers around the world.
The English Language in Hong Kong
by Stephen EvansThis book presents an empirically-grounded sociolinguistic history of the English language in Hong Kong in the past 170 years. Using substantial sets of diachronic and synchronic data, it traces the changing status and functions of English in relation to spoken Cantonese, Mandarin and written Chinese in the key domains of government, education and business. The author tracks the rise of English-knowing bilingualism in the city's Chinese community and explores the evolutionary dynamics of Hong Kong English. He also speculates on the future of English in the territory, particularly after 2047 when the 'one country, two systems' framework established by the Sino-British Joint Declaration is dismantled. Researchers and students working in the fields of sociolinguistics, English as a global language, world Englishes, applied linguistics and English-language education will find this book provides valuable information and insights about the uses and users of English in colonial and post-colonial Hong Kong. More generally, it makes a unique contribution to the literature on the diffusion and diversification of English worldwide.
The English Translation of Cāndāyan: The Pioneer Indo-Sufī Masnavī of Maulanā Dāūd
by Naseem A. HinesThis book is the first English translation of Cāndāyan, the pioneer work in a long tradition of Indian-Sufi love narratives. The story was adapted from an oral epic Chanaini, popular in the Awadhi speaking region of north India in the fourteenth century. The early manuscripts of Cāndāyan, though composed in the Awadhi dialect, were recorded in the Persian script. Each stanza-like unit is introduced by a phrase or sentences in the Persian language style, making it necessary for a reader to know the Persian script and language, as well as the Awadhi dialect. This somewhat limits the access to fully explore Cāndāyan. In addition to this, the esoteric interpretation, which is the distinguishing feature that gives the Indian-Sufi masnavī literature its unique identity, was also not yet realized. Cāndāyan deserves to be celebrated and recognized because it marks the beginning of the indigenizing process of the masnavī in India, and served as a model for this literary genre for the next 540 years. A serious study of Maulana Daud’s Cāndāyan, composed in 1379, in the reign of Firoz Shah Tughlaq, did not begin until well into the twentieth century because only a few pages of its manuscript folios were discovered at a time, in various academic institutions and museums around the world. Cāndāyan is a fascinating study of the blending of the features of the Persian masnavī with the features of the Hindi premākhyān narratives and the features of the medieval Jain literature. Even today, annually in the Mahakoshala region Cāndāyan is presented in the form of drama and in the folk-song and play forms. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan)
The Epistle of Forgiveness: Volume One: A Vision of Heaven and Hell (Library of Arabic Literature #32)
by Abū l-ʿAlāʾ al-MaʿarrīOne of the most unusual books in classical Arabic literature, The Epistle of Forgiveness is the lengthy reply by the prolific Syrian poet and prose writer Abu l-'Ala' al-Ma'arri (d. 449/1057), to a letter written by an obscure grammarian, Ibn al-Qarih. With biting irony, The Epistle of Forgiveness mocks Ibn al-Qarih's hypocrisy and sycophancy by imagining he has died and arrived with some difficulty in Heaven, where he meets famous poets and philologists from the past. He also glimpses Hell, and converses with the Devil and various heretics. Al-Ma'arri—a maverick, a vegan, and often branded a heretic himself—seems to mock popular ideas about the Hereafter. This book, the first of two volumes, includes Ibn al-Qarih’s initial letter to al-Ma'arri, as well as the first half of The Epistle of Forgiveness.This translation is the first complete translation in any language and retains the many digressions, difficult passages, and convoluted grammatical discussions of the original typically omitted in other translations. It is accompanied by a comprehensive introduction and detailed annotation. Replete with erudite commentary, amusing anecdotes, and sardonic wit, The Epistle of Forgiveness is an imaginative tour-de-force by one of the most pre-eminent figures in classical Arabic literature.A bilingual Arabic-English edition.
The Epistle of Forgiveness: Volume Two: Hypocrites, Heretics, and Other Sinners (Library of Arabic Literature #36)
by Abū l-ʿAlāʾ al-MaʿarrīOne of the most unusual books in classical Arabic literature, The Epistle of Forgiveness is the lengthy reply by the prolific Syrian poet and prose writer, Abu l-'Ala' al-Ma'arri (d. 449/1057), to a letter by an obscure grammarian, Ibn al-Qarih. With biting irony, The Epistle of Forgiveness mocks Ibn al-Qarih’s hypocrisy and sycophancy by imagining he has died and arrived with some difficulty in Heaven, where he meets famous poets and philologists from the past. He also glimpses Hell, and converses with the Devil and various heretics. Al-Ma'arri—a maverick, a vegan, and often branded a heretic himself—seems to mock popular ideas about the Hereafter. This second volume is a point-by-point reply to Ibn al-Qarih’s letter using al-Ma'arri’s characteristic mixture of erudition, irony, and admonition, enlivened with anecdotes and poems. Among other things, he writes about hypocrites; heretical poets, princes, rebels, and mystics; apostates; piety; superstition; the plight of men of letters; collaborative authorship; wine-drinking; old age; repentance; pre-Islamic pilgrimage customs; and money. This remarkable book is the first complete translation in any language, all the more impressive because of al-Ma'arri’s highly ornate and difficult style, his use of rhymed prose, and numerous obscure words andexpressions.A bilingual Arabic-English edition.
The Epistle of Forgiveness: Volumes One and Two (Library of Arabic Literature #29)
by Abū l-ʿAlāʾ al-MaʿarrīKnown as “one of the most complex and unusual texts in Arabic literature” (Banipal Magazine), The Epistle of Forgiveness is the lengthy reply by the prolific Syrian poet and prose writer, Abu l-'Ala' al-Ma'arri (d. 449/1057), to a letter by an obscure grammarian, Ibn al-Qari. With biting irony, The Epistle of Forgiveness mocks Ibn al-Qari’s hypocrisy and sycophancy by imagining he has died and arrived with some difficulty in Heaven, where he meets famous poets and philologists from the past. In al-Ma'arri’s imaginative telling, Ibn al-Qari also glimpses Hell and converses with the Devil and various heretics.Al-Ma'arri—a maverick, a vegan, and often branded a heretic himself—seems to mock popular ideas about the Hereafter. Among other things, he introduces us to hypocrites, poets, princes, rebels, mystics, and apostates, with asides on piety, superstition, wine-drinking, old age, and other topics. This remarkable book is the first complete translation of this masterpiece into any language, all the more impressive because of Al-Ma'arri's highly ornate and difficult style, his use of rhymed prose, and his numerous obscure words and expressions. Replete with erudite commentary, amusing anecdotes, and sardonic wit, The Epistle of Forgiveness is an imaginative tour-de-force by one of the most pre-eminent figures in classical Arabic literature. An English-only edition.
The Essential Guide for Educating Beginning English Learners
by Debbie Zacarian Judie HaynesPut all English learners on the path to success—right from the start! As more beginning ELs enroll in schools every year, educators need a realistic framework for addressing the varied needs of this growing population. In this practical resource, the authors provide templates, tools, and vignettes illustrating real-world challenges to help teachers and administrators: Learn strategies for teaching beginning level ELs across the curriculum Create a welcoming environment for students and families Reach out to students from both literacy and non-literacy-oriented homes Design programs that meet the needs of beginning ELs and students with limited or interrupted formal education (SLIFE)
The Ethics of Humour in Online Slavic Media Communication
by Duskaeva LiliaThe Ethics of Humour in Online Slavic Media Communication is devoted to research on how the rules of humour used online media are changing and how these changes rearrange the traditions of speech interaction in media communication. The authors of the book are experienced researchers in the field of Slavic media linguistics and represent five neighbouring countries: Russia, Belarus, Lithuania, Slovakia, and Poland. The research in the volume is based on the data from Slavic languages. The diversity and, at the same time, relative proximity of Slavic languages makes it possible to put separate studies into a wider comparative context, in order to reveal the general and ethno-cultural patterns in using means of communicative etiquette; it helps define the ethno-cultural factors behind the formation of such means. Speech practice of humour creation shows the creative potential of all languages, including the ones with a small number of speakers – Slovak and Belarusian, which have the status of state languages, but are strongly influenced by international languages (English and Russian). This volume is a valuable resource for researchers in the field of Slavic studies.
The Everything Brazilian Portuguese Phrase Book
by Fernanda FerreiraThe ultimate phrase guide for travel, business, and more! "I'll have the chicken dish, please." "How do you get to the theater?" "Let's set up a meeting." Packed with everything you'll need to understand--and be understood by--Brazilian-Portuguese speakers, this pocket guide is the ultimate translator to have on an airplane, in a boardroom, at a restaurant, and anywhere else this beautiful language is spoken. Conveniently organized by subject and situation, this handy guide includes information on: How to make introductions, professionally and casually Ordering food in restaurants (with phrases for special diets and allergies) Asking for and giving directions Explaining medical emergencies to doctors Crafting status updates and tweets online Slang phrases for casual chatting Complete with Brazilian Portuguese-English and English-Brazilian Portuguese dictionaries for quick reference, The Everything Brazilian Portuguese Phrase Book gives you the right words and phrases--whatever the situation!
The Everything Brazilian Portuguese Phrase Book
by Fernanda FerreiraThe ultimate phrase guide for travel, business, and more! "I'll have the chicken dish, please." "How do you get to the theater?" "Let's set up a meeting." Packed with everything you'll need to understand--and be understood by--Brazilian-Portuguese speakers, this pocket guide is the ultimate translator to have on an airplane, in a boardroom, at a restaurant, and anywhere else this beautiful language is spoken. Conveniently organized by subject and situation, this handy guide includes information on: How to make introductions, professionally and casually Ordering food in restaurants (with phrases for special diets and allergies) Asking for and giving directions Explaining medical emergencies to doctors Crafting status updates and tweets online Slang phrases for casual chatting Complete with Brazilian Portuguese-English and English-Brazilian Portuguese dictionaries for quick reference, The Everything Brazilian Portuguese Phrase Book gives you the right words and phrases--whatever the situation!
The Everything Brazilian Portuguese Phrase Book: Learn Basic Brazilian Portuguese Phrases - For Any Situation!
by Fernanda FerreiraThe ultimate phrase guide for travel, business, and more!"I'll have the chicken dish, please." "How do you get to the theater?" "Let's set up a meeting."Packed with everything you'll need to understand--and be understood by--Brazilian-Portuguese speakers, this pocket guide is the ultimate translator to have on an airplane, in a boardroom, at a restaurant, and anywhere else this beautiful language is spoken. Conveniently organized by subject and situation, this handy guide includes information on:How to make introductions, professionally and casuallyOrdering food in restaurants (with phrases for special diets and allergies)Asking for and giving directionsExplaining medical emergencies to doctorsCrafting status updates and tweets onlineSlang phrases for casual chattingComplete with Brazilian Portuguese-English and English-Brazilian Portuguese dictionaries for quick reference, The Everything Brazilian Portuguese Phrase Book gives you the right words and phrases--whatever the situation!
The Everything Conversational Japanese Book
by Molly HakesWith the globalization of business and the advancement of international trade, learning a foreign language is quickly becoming more and more essential for advancement in today's world. The Everything Conversational Japanese Book, teaches you how to master one of the most predominant languages in business and secure you an unparalleled edge in the job market. Understanding cultural references, learning correct pronunciation, and giving an effective introduction are all a cinch with this all-inclusive guide. Featuring exercises and quizzes at the end of each chapter, The Everything Conversational Japanese Book prepares you for any situation and enables you to carry on a basic conversation in very little time. The Everything Conversational Japanese Book helps you: Use appropriate tone Master vocabulary Communicate in a business or casual setting Respond effectively Understand and appreciate Japanese culture Whether you're just visiting Japan or wish to further your career opportunities by learning another language, The Everything Conversational Japanese Book is your jumpstart to speaking Japanese quickly and with confidence.
The Everything Conversational Japanese Book: Basic Instruction For Speaking This Fascinating Language In Any Setting
by Molly HakesA Simon & Schuster eBook. Simon & Schuster has a great book for every reader.
The Everything Essential Brazilian Portuguese Book
by Fernanda FerreiraBrazilian Portuguese made fun--and fast! Whether you are planning a vacation, adding a valuable second language to your resume, or simply brushing up on your skills, The Everything Essential Brazilian Portuguese Book is your perfect introduction to the Portuguese language. With easy-to-follow instructions and simple explanations, this portable guide covers the most important basics of the language, including: The Portuguese alphabet and translation Greetings and conversation starters Common questions and answers Describing people and places Verb tenses and sentence structure Basic conversation skills for dining out, conducting business, or shopping With The Everything Essential Brazilian Portuguese Book, you will be speaking--and understanding--Portuguese in no time!
The Everything Essential Brazilian Portuguese Book: All You Need to Learn Brazilian Portuguese in No Time!
by Fernanda FerreiraBrazilian Portuguese made fun--and fast!Whether you are planning a vacation, adding a valuable second language to your resume, or simply brushing up on your skills, The Everything Essential Brazilian Portuguese Book is your perfect introduction to the Portuguese language. With easy-to-follow instructions and simple explanations, this portable guide covers the most important basics of the language, including:The Portuguese alphabet and translationGreetings and conversation startersCommon questions and answersDescribing people and placesVerb tenses and sentence structureBasic conversation skills for dining out, conducting business, or shoppingWith The Everything Essential Brazilian Portuguese Book, you will be speaking--and understanding--Portuguese in no time!