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The First Words Lotería Book for Toddlers English-Spanish Bilingual: Libro de Lotería de primeras palabras para niños pequeños Bilingüe Inglés-Español
by Angélica LópezHelp babies and toddlers learn new words through this classic Mexican game The best time for kids to start learning a second language is right now. And the best way to do it? Through the power of play! Inspired by the traditional game Lotería, also known as Mexican bingo, this book makes it a joy for babies and toddlers to start building their English and Spanish vocabularies. What sets this Lotería book apart from other bilingual books for toddlers: 44 beginner words—From el gallo (the rooster) to la luna (the moon), little ones will discover 44 new words as they learn to play this classic game of chance. Bilingual learning—Every page features a single image, identified in both English and Spanish, ensuring kids can make the connection between the picture and its meaning. Adorable artwork—An array of colorful images based on traditional Lotería artwork are sure to keep babies and toddlers engaged, learning, and eager to turn the pages. Make sure your little one begins their bilingual learning early with this top choice in Spanish baby books.
The Foreign Language Educator in Society: Toward a Critical Pedagogy
by Timothy G. Reagan Terry A. OsbornThis text brings together two significant domains of educational practice: foreign language education and critical pedagogy--linking them in a way that can help foreign language educators develop a critical awareness of the nature, purposes, and challenges facing foreign language pedagogy. Unique among texts in the field, this is the first to deal explicitly with the social, political, ideological, and economic aspects of language, language learning, and language teaching in our society and to connect the practice of foreign language education with these critical, and crucial, aspects of language and language use. The Foreign Language Educator in Society: Toward A Critical Pedagogy: *emphasizes what teachers and future teachers of foreign languages in this country ought to know and understand about language-- language attitudes, practices, rights, and policy-- and related issues; *focuses on helping students to move beyond pragmatic pedagogical concerns to the social and political concerns relevant to their teaching; and *provides students with the opportunity to develop critical perspectives on the central facets of the language education process. Intended for foreign language education programs at both basic and advanced levels, as well as courses in critical pedagogy, critical language awareness, sociolinguistics, and social and cultural foundations of education, the text provides helpful pedagogical features to direct the reader in applying the content of each chapter to his or her own context.
The Foreigner’s Guide to German Universities: Origin, Meaning, and Use of Terms and Expressions in Everyday University Life
by Albrecht Behmel Kelly NeudorferFiguring out the many new terms confronting international students at German-language universities can be difficult. Even if the degree program is in English, most administrative work has to be done in German, and the bureaucratic university jargon is a language in and of itself. This guide aims to help international students and researchers understand the structures and organization of German universities by providing in-depth descriptions of terms and their origins, allowing for easier integration into the host university and its culture.
The French Travelmate
by Lexus Sandrine FrançoisThe French Travelmate phrasebook and dictionary gives you a detailed yet easy-to-use A to Z list of English words and phrases with French translations for quick-find reference. There are more than 3500 words and phrases, and the French translations come together with an easy-to-read pronunciation guide. Tap a hyperlink (there are hundreds of them) to go to special sections: travel tips about being in France; basic language notes; typical French replies to your French questions; conversion tables. These are features which make the Travelmate the must-have ebook French phrasebook download for the traveller who wants to really communicate. The French Travelmate phrasebook and dictionary also gives you a detailed French menu reader of over 500 items and a dictionary section with translations of over 300 common French signs and notices. This is the little book that's a big help. And a joined-up language experience.
The French in Our Lives: Past, Present, Future -- Influence and Implications
by Kathleen Stein-SmithThe French in Our Lives examines the profound influence of French language, culture, and thought in the world and, specifically, on the US and Americans throughout history. While many books discuss the similarities and differences between the two cultures, this book focuses on the influences – frequently overlooked – of French culture on the US. The insights provided through this examination promote a better appreciation and understanding of the significance of the French language, and of French ideas and values, throughout the world and in the US. Designed to enhance awareness of the significance of the French language and Francophone culture in the US and globally, this book will be of interest to students and instructors across disciplines, from French language and culture to US history and international studies.
The French-Speaking World: A Practical Introduction to Sociolinguistic Issues (Routledge Language in Society)
by Rodney Ball Dawn MarleyThe French-Speaking World is an accessible textbook that offers students the opportunity to explore for themselves a wide range of sociolinguistic issues relating to the French language and its role in the world. This new edition has been fully revised to reflect the many political and social changes of the last 15 years, including the impact of technology on language change. It continues to combine text with practical exercises and discussion questions to stimulate readers to think for themselves and to tackle specific problems. Key features of this book: Informative and comprehensive: covers a wide range of current issues Practical: contains a variety of graded exercises and tasks plus an index of terms Topical and contemporary: deals with current situations and provides up-to-date illustrative material Thought-provoking: encourages students to reflect and research for themselves The French-Speaking World is the ideal textbook for undergraduate students who have a sound practical knowledge of French but who have little or no knowledge of linguistics or sociolinguistics.
The Fundamentals of Lebanese Grammar
by Richard A. KlineThe Fundamentals of Lebanese Grammar provides a comprehensive guide to the grammar of the spoken language of Lebanon. It presents the fundamentals and complexities of the Lebanese variety of Arabic in a practical and organized way. This guide also utilizes side-by-side transliterations in both the Arabic script and the Latin alphabet in the way that they are used by native speakers. The explanations of the grammar concepts are presented in English and are made to be easily understandable for everyone, regardless of prior linguistic knowledge. Special features of this text include endnotes on culture, expressions, and an entire chapter dedicated to regional varieties of Lebanese. This book is an essential tool for all learners of the Lebanese variety of Arabic, and it is a useful resource for every stage of the language learning process, from beginner to advanced.
The Future of English in Asia: Perspectives on language and literature (Routledge Studies in World Englishes)
by David Huddart Michael O'Sullivan Carmen LeeThis collection is unique in bringing together key thinkers on language and literature to discuss the future of English in Asia. Many of the contributors are themselves responsible for important sub-genres in English linguistics and literary studies and this collection gives them the opportunity to respond to each other directly. The different chapters also respond to different contemporary debates and emerging trends and discourses that are hugely important for the future of English language teaching in schools across Asia. This volume is also ground-breaking in bringing English literary studies and Applied English Linguistics together in the contemporary Asian context. The Future of English in Asia includes studies on the following subject areas: Cultural Translation in World Englishes, Multilingual Education, English Futures and the function of Literature, English Literary Studies in Japan, and English and Social Media in Asia. Well into this century, it appears that it is still very difficult to know what to expect when it comes to the future of English. The future of English will continue to be determined by complex local contexts. As it has in other parts of the world, the future of English in Asia will continue to rely on the proliferation of its transformations as much as its hegemonic status. This volume reflects the widespread acknowledgement that whatever future English has will inevitably be shaped by its fate in Asia. The collection will be a welcome resource for scholars and students of English linguistics, English literary studies, and topics related to the teaching of English in Asia.
The Gaelic-English Dictionary
by Colin B.D. MarkThis book fulfils a keenly-felt need for a modern, comprehensive dictionary of Scottish Gaelic into English. The numerous examples of usage and idiom in this work have been modelled on examples culled from modern literature, and encompass many registers ranging from modern colloquial speech, to more elaborate literary constructions. The main contemporary terms and idiomatic phraseology, often not available in other dictionaries, provide excellent models for easier language learning. In addition to the main dictionary, the volume contains introductory material, providing guidance on using the dictionary, spelling and pronunciation. There are also twelve useful appendices which cover not only the various parts of speech, lenition and proper nouns, but also address the more difficult issues of expressing time, direction and numerals. The clarity of the design and layout of the volume will greatly ease the process of attaining mastery of the Gaelic language.
The General Theory of Dunhuang Studies (Qizhen Humanities and Social Sciences Library)
by Jinbao LiuDunhuang studies refer to a discipline focusing on Dunhuang Manuscripts, Dunhuang grotto art, the theory of Dunhuang studies, and Dunhuang history and geography. It is a broad subject of studying, excavating, sorting, and protecting the cultural relics and documents in the Dunhuang area of China.The General Theory of Dunhuang Studies explores the basic concept of Dunhuang studies. It presents a more comprehensive and systematic study of six aspects of Dunhuang, covering the background of Dunhuang studies in orientalism, the history of Dunhuang, Dunhuang grotto art, the scattering of Dunhuang cultural relics, Dunhuang manuscripts, and the history of Dunhuang studies, and discussing and summarizing the relevant national and international research.The General Theory of Dunhuang Studies has extensively absorbed the research achievements of domestic and foreign academic circles and the author's decades of academic research experience. As a comprehensive and systematic academic monograph with both academic depth and extensive readability, the book provides descriptions, theory and objective comments written in a clear and straightforward style; the book is intended for professional scholars, graduates and general readers. It is an excellent teaching and learning resource for those interested in understanding and learning about Dunhuang studies. However, it is also a helpful reference book for readers interested in Dunhuang culture.
The Generation of 1898 and After
by Beatrice P. Patt Martin NozickThe purpose of this anthology is to acquaint students of Spanish with some of the best writing of twentieth-century Spain. The writers known traditionally as the Generation of 1898 are presented first, beginning with Angel Ganivet and ending with Azorin, who is still alive at the time of this writing. The established figures of this generation are, we believe, represented in this text by some of their most characteristic pages.
The German Demonstratives: A Study in the Columbia School Framework (Peking University Linguistics Research #2)
by Lin LinThis book explores, analyzes, and compares the use of German and Chinese demonstratives. Discourse and textual uses of the forms are considered, as well as their locative and temporal uses. The author observes that in both languages the demonstratives can be used to refer to referents. However, she departs from the common assumption that proximal demonstratives refer to entities or places close to the speaker, while non-proximal demonstratives refer to entities or places far from the speaker. Having analyzed a representative sampling consisting of a German text and a Chinese text, the author argues that both German and Chinese proximal demonstratives can signal the meaning of HIGH DEIXIS in a system of DEIXIS in the Columbia School of linguistics framework, whereas their non-proximal demonstratives can signal the meaning of LOW DEIXIS. In addition, Chinese demonstratives can be used under more circumstances than German demonstratives due to the lack of articles in Chinese. The author also argues that Cognitive Linguistic analysis is more helpful for new language learners, whereas the Columbia School of linguistics may be better suited to advanced learners who wish to know more about the intrinsic differences between words with similar meanings and uses.This book aims to help German learners better understand the German reference system. Readers with a Chinese language background will definitely benefit more from the book, as well as Chinese learners with a German language background. For pure linguistic enthusiasts and multi-linguals, the book offers an extensive introduction to the Columbia School of linguistics, and can open a new horizon for learning a new language comparatively.
The German-Speaking World: A Practical Introduction to Sociolinguistic Issues (Routledge Language In Society Ser.)
by Patrick Stevenson Gertrud Reershemius Kristine Horner Nils LangerThe German-Speaking World is an accessible textbook that offers students the opportunity to explore for themselves a wide range of sociolinguistic issues relating to the German language and its role in the world. This new, second edition has been fully revised to reflect the many political and social changes of the last 20 years including the impact of technology on language change. It continues to combine text with practical exercises and discussion questions to stimulate readers to think for themselves and to tackle specific problems. Key features of this book: Informative and comprehensive: covers a wide range of current issues Practical: contains a variety of graded exercises and tasks plus an index of terms Topical and contemporary: deals with current situations and provides up-to-date illustrative material Thought-provoking: encourages students to reflect and research for themselves The German-Speaking World is the ideal textbook for undergraduate students who have a sound practical knowledge of German but who have little or no knowledge of linguistics or sociolinguistics.
The Germanic Languages (Routledge Language Family Series)
by Ekkehard Konig Johan van der AuweraProvides a unique, up-to-date survey of twelve Germanic languages from English and German to Faroese and Yiddish.
The Girls' Book: How to Be the Best at Everything (Best At Everything Ser.)
by Juliana Foster Amanda EnrightA spiffy guide to anything and everything a girl could need to know! How to do almost anything in one handy little book! Want to be known for your unique style? Inside you'll learn how to design your own clothes (p. 35), do the perfect manicure (p. 82), or make your own lip gloss (p. 11). Feel like impressing your friends? Show them how you can make a crystal (p. 16), juggle one-handed (p. 33), or deal with a bully (p. 42). Bored and need something to do? Not anymore when you find out how to keep a secret diary (p. 88), make a scrapbook (p. 9), or put together a dance routine (p. 24). And tons of other neat-o things you need to know how to do!
The Handbook of Berber Linguistics (Springer Handbooks in Languages and Linguistics)
by Alireza Korangy Karim BensoukasThis handbook is the largest and most comprehensive publication on Berber linguistics to date, covering the variety of Berber dialects and related linguistics trends. Extensive and diverse at thematic and theoretical levels, with the aim of deepening students and scholars' understanding of the workings of Berber as a linguistic phenomenon, it explores a multitude of angles through which the diachronic and synchronic intricacies of Berber varieties can be examined. It enables a better understanding of the issues in the various components of North African languages, as well as their theoretical and typological significance and implications. The work covers phonology and phonetics, morphology and syntax, semantics and pragmatics, socio-linguistics and dialectology, language teaching and psycholinguistics, lexicology, language contact and comparative linguistics, historical linguistics and etymology. Sub-themes explored include prosody, ideophones (and expressive language in general), morpho-syntactic categories, sociolinguistic variation and several other seminal interdisciplinary explorations. The chapters reflect the diversity of Berber varieties and include up-to-date scholarship by leading Berberists, with varieties including Figuig, Kabyle, Senhaja, Siwa, Standard Moroccan Amazigh, Tamazight, Tarifit, Tashlhit, Touareg, Tunisian Berber, Znaga, as well as Proto-Berber. A large geographical territory is covered, including Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. With contributions from these Berber-speaking countries and their diaspora, there are also chapters from prominent Berber scholars from America, Australia and Europe. To this end, the volume includes perspectives and theories from different schools of linguistics. In including original French contributions and English translations of research from top scholars in the field, the book includes another vital dimension in terms ofthe resources, and sources. As a comprehensive reference, this work is of interest to North Africanists from various disciplines, including anthropologists, linguists, and sociologists, but particularly linguists interested in endangered languages, and those working on the historical and comparative study of the Afroasiatic language phylum.
The Handbook of Chinese Linguistics (Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics)
by Andrew Simpson C.-T. James Huang Y.-H. Audrey LiThe Handbook of Chinese Linguistics is the first comprehensive introduction to Chinese linguistics from the perspective of modern theoretical and formal linguistics. Containing twenty-five chapters, the book offers a balanced, accessible and thoughtfully organized introduction to some of the most important results of research into Chinese linguistics carried out by theoretical linguists during the last thirty years. Presenting critical overviews of a wide range of major topics, it is the first to meet the great demand for an overview volume on core areas of Chinese linguistics.Authoritative contributions describe and assess the major achievements and controversies of research undertaken in each area, and provide bibliographies for further reading. The contributors refer both to their own work in relevant fields, and objectively present a range of competitor theories and analyses, resulting in a volume that is fully comprehensive in its coverage of theoretical research into Chinese linguistics in recent years. This unique Handbook is suitable both as a primary reader for structured, taught courses on Chinese linguistics at university level, and for individual study by graduates and other professional linguists.
The Handbook of Dual Language Bilingual Education
by Juan A. Freire Cristina Alfaro de Jong, Ester JThis handbook presents a state-of-the-art overview of dual language bilingual education (DLBE) research, programs, pedagogy, and practice. Organized around four sections—theoretical foundations; key issues and trends; school-based practices; and teacher and administrator preparation—the volume comprehensively addresses major and emerging topics in the field. With contributions from expert scholars, the handbook highlights programs that honor the assets of language-minoritized and marginalized students and provides empirically grounded guidance for asset-based instruction. Chapters cover historical and policy considerations, leadership, family relations, professional development, community partnerships, race, class, gender, and more. Synthesizing major issues, discussing central themes and advancing policy and practice, this handbook is a seminal volume and definitive reference text in bilingual/second language education.
The Handbook of English Language Education in Nepal: Policies, Programs, and Prospects
by Ram Ashish Giri and Laxman GnawaliThis book takes an interdisciplinary approach to explore wide-ranging topics from applied linguistics, education, sociology, political science, and cultural studies. It presents a comprehensive overview of English language education since its importation to Nepal.This volume covers English language education (ELE) politics and policy, theories and pedagogies, English as a medium of instruction, English teachers’ professional development, multilingualism and linguistic ecology, perspectives on equity, diversity and inclusion, as well as ELT and technology. Comprising scholarly discussions on emerging ELE issues in contemporary Nepal, the chapters explore various aspects of theoretical, and pedagogical considerations of ELE. While delving into the growing future of English in Nepal, it also presents analytical case studies of its controversial present and past practices. It sheds light on its development, shifting paradigms and present state of affairs, as well as the status of English in conjunction with the national language, Nepali and other Indigenous languages.This book will be useful to students, researchers and teachers of education, linguistics, and teacher training institutions. It will be an essential read for those involved in English language education, applied linguistics, EIL/WE/ELF, ESL/TESOL/ELT and TEFL, as well as for teachers, teacher educators, teacher trainees and international aid organisations.
The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes (Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics #120)
by Brian Paltridge Sue StarfieldFeaturing a collection of newly commissioned essays, edited by two leading scholars, this Handbook surveys the key research findings in the field of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). • Provides a state-of-the-art overview of the origins and evolution, current research, and future directions in ESP • Features newly-commissioned contributions from a global team of leading scholars • Explores the history of ESP and current areas of research, including speaking, reading, writing, technology, and business, legal, and medical English • Considers perspectives on ESP research such as genre, intercultural rhetoric, multimodality, English as a lingua franca and ethnography
The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes (Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics)
by Sue Starfield Christoph A. HafnerA field-defining survey of research in the rapidly growing field of English for Specific Purposes, now in its second edition The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes provides an up-to-date account of the origins, development, current state, and future directions in the study of English as used in its specific contexts, including medical English, business English, and academic English. Featuring research from leading authorities, this comprehensive volume addresses all key aspects of ESP, including speaking, reading, writing, legal English, nursing, assessment, intercultural rhetoric, multimodality, English as a lingua franca, and ethnography. The second edition of the Handbook is fully revised to incorporate new areas of ESP research and reflects changing demands on English Language Learners (ELL), including a new historical overview of the field by Prof. Vijay K. Bhatia and entirely new chapters English medium instruction and ESP research, materials development, teacher development, call center communication, Global Englishes and translanguaging, identity, and the emergence of digital genres. Unmatched in its breadth and depth of coverage, The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes: Features original state-of-the-art reviews relevant to scholars and students working across applied linguistics and education Features contributions by scholars working on ESP in a wide range of international contexts Addresses current and emerging challenges in ESP, with implications for related fields of TESOL and English language education more broadly Includes in-depth reviews of new ESP research findings and suggestions for further scholarship Part of the Wiley Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics series, The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes, Second Edition, is an essential reference for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students, scholars, researchers, and educators working in TESOL, ELL/ELT, applied linguistics, and language studies.
The Handbook of Persian Dialects and Dialectology
by Alireza Korangy Behrooz Mahmoodi-BakhtiariThis innovative, investigative, and expansive handbook covers a multitude of angles through which the intricacies of Persian and its many dialects and accents can be examined and parsed with the view of understanding better the devices and paths through which language, and cultural cognizance, operate in tandem. As the first book in English to engage Persian dialects and dialectology on a broad and comprehensive scale, it develops an understanding of the paths through which maximization of the expressive power of words exists in Persian under the rubric of cultural conceptualizations. An insightful and all-encompassing resource for analyzing and augmenting knowledge of Persian linguistics, this work presents a thorough and all-encompassing interdisciplinary treatment of Persian. It is a vital resource for socio- and cultural linguists, as well as anthropologists and Iranists. It is also an excellent reference for historians researching Persian civilization, culture, literature and art.
The Handbook of Portuguese Linguistics
by W. Leo Wetzels Sergio Menuzzi João CostaThe Handbook of Portuguese Linguistics presents a comprehensive overview of research within the Brazilian and European variants of the Portuguese language. It includes chapters focusing on the key areas of linguistic study, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, linguistic change, language variation and contact, and acquisition. Essential reference work for scholars of Portuguese linguistics and Romance languages Chapters written by an international team of research specialists highlight both the consensus and the controversies within the various subfields of Portuguese linguistics Examines Portuguese linguistics in relation to syntax, phonology, morphology, semantics/pragmatics, acquisition, and sociolinguistics Written in an accessible overview style and designed for advanced students and current scholars in the field alike Essential reference work for scholars of Portuguese linguistics and Romance languages
The Handbook of Research in World Language Instruction
by Michael Byram Anthony J. Liddicoat Angela Scarino Michelle Kohler Erin Kearney Amy J. Heineke Maria M. Carreira Regine Hampel Terry A. Osborn Pablo Muirhead Paula Winke Victoria Russell Kathryn Murphy-Judy Theresa Catalano Francis John Troyan Joan Kang Shin Sébastien Dubreil James E. Coda Cécile Accilien Jason Martel Ursula Stickler Krishauna Hines-Gaither Manuela Wagner Myriam Abdel-Malek Emily Heidrich Uebel Felix A. Kronenberg Luca Giupponi Paula Garrett-Rucks Kristin J. Davin Victoria Russel Aleidine J. Moeller Violet Affleck Tasha Austin Beverly Baker Leslie Baldwin Katherine Barko-Alva Carl S. Blyth J. Dylan Burton Krista Chambless Celia Chomón Zamora Dorie Conlon Patricia W. Cummins Jason Fischbach Rebecca Kanak Fox Paul A. García Cassandra Glynn Deniz Gökçora Todd A. Hernández Susan A. Hildebrandt Bobby Hobgood Christina Huhn Knight, Stephanie W.P. Kris Aric Knisely Ali Kushki Brandon T. Locke Gillian Lord Inoussa Malgoubri Margaret E. Malone Kate McCrea Francis Paola Mendizábal Trina Philpot Montaño Meg Montee Raymond Oenbring Errol M. O’Neill Randolph Jr., L. J. Julio C. Rodriguez Lauren Rosen Bruna Sommer-Farias Danielle Steider Pete Swanson Julie M. Sykes Lynda Taylor Joshua J. Thoms Beth Wassell Kelley E. Webb Pamela M. Wesely Meredith McDonald White Jenniffer Whyte Kimberly M. Winslow Anna ZaitsevaThis seminal handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the research on world language education and how that research can transform into effective and daily instructional practices for K-16 language teachers.With contributions from leading scholars in the field, the volume addresses cutting-edge research, trends, and practice. Covering key topics in language education, the volume is organized in six sections: Teaching Methods and Approaches; Culture, Pragmatics, and Intercultural Communicative Competence; Assessment and Program Evaluation; Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the World Language Classroom; Technology Integration and Online Language Teaching and Learning; and Key Issues in World Language Instruction, including advocacy, teacher recruitment and retention, and professional development.This handbook is an essential text for all scholars, researchers, and educators in world languages.
The Handbook of TESOL in K-12 (Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics)
by Luciana C. de OliveiraThe first handbook to explore the field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages in elementary and secondary education (K-12) The number of students being educated in English has grown significantly in modern times — globalization, immigration, and evolving educational policies have prompted an increased need for English language learner (ELL) education. The Handbook of TESOL in K-12 combines contemporary research and current practices to provide a comprehensive overview of the origins, evolution, and future direction of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages at the elementary and secondary levels (K-12). Exploring the latest disciplinary and interdisciplinary issues in the field, this is a first-of-its-kind Handbook and contributions are offered from a team of internationally-renowned scholars. Comprehensive in scope, this essential Handbook covers topics ranging from bilingual language development and technology-enhanced language learning, to ESOL preparation methods for specialist and mainstream teachers and school administrators. Three sections organize the content to cover Key Issues in Teaching ESOL students in K-12, Pedagogical Issues and Practices in TESOL in K-12 Education, and School Personnel Preparation for TESOL in K-12. Satisfies a need for inclusive and in-depth research on TESOL in K-12 classrooms Presents a timely and interesting selection of topics that are highly relevant to working teachers and support staff Applies state-of-the-art research to real-world TESOL classroom settings Offers a balanced assessment of diverse theoretical foundations, concepts, and findings The Handbook of TESOL in K-12 is an indispensable resource for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and scholars, and educators in the field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages in elementary and secondary education.