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Argentina innovadora: Quiénes son los emprendedores, científicos y artistas que están cambiando el país
by Silvia Naishtat María Eugenia EstenssoroCómo hicieron los emprendedores tecnológicos que hace veinte años decidieron realizar el sueño de una nación innovadora y creativa, reconocida por su talento en el resto del mundo. En América Latina hay siete unicornios, y cuatro son argentinos. No se trata de seres mitológicos, sino de empresas tecnológicas valuadas en más de mil millones de dólares. No solo se distinguen por su valor, sino por llevar en su ADN una gran dosis de espíritu rupturista e innovador. Surgieron y se desarrollaron a contramano de la realidad local, y hoy son multinacionales que generan riqueza, trabajo de calidad y crecimiento sostenido. Mercado Libre es la principal plataforma de comercio electrónico de habla hispana y un caso de estudio en la Universidad de Stanford. Despegar es la quinta agencia de turismo del mundo. Globant suministra tecnología a empresas como Disney y Google. OLX está presente en ciento veinte países y es la mayor compañía de venta de clasificados por internet en la India. Pero no son casos excepcionales, y el término "unicornios" se extiende a otras empresas con las mismas características: Gran Data anticipa el comportamiento de los consumidores para las principales compañías telefónicas de los Estados Unidos; Satellogic ya lanzó cinco satélites al espacio que brindan imágenes con una resolución nunca antes alcanzada; y Bioceres posee un gen resistente a la sequía que puede permitir una nueva revolución productiva en el agro. Luego de dos años de viajes y entrevistas, María Eugenia Estenssoro y Silvia Naishtat concluyen que estos son ejemplos descollantes de que la Argentina no es solo un semillero de futbolistas de calidad internacional: con políticas públicas adecuadas, el país puede aspirar también a ser un polo mundial de innovación en áreas tan diversas como la biotecnología, el arte y la comunicación.
Argentina's "Dirty War": An Intellectual Biography
by Donald C. HodgesArgentines ask how their ultracivilized country, reputedly the most European in Latin America, could have relapsed into near-barbarism in the 1970s. This enlightening study seeks to answer that question by reviewing the underlying political events and intellectual foundations of the "dirty war" (1975-1978) and overlapping Military Process (1976-1982). It examines the ideologies and actions of the main protagonists-the armed forces, guerrillas, and organized labor- over time and traces them to their roots. In the most comprehensive treatment of the subject to date, Hodges examines primary materials never seen by other researchers, including clandestinely published guerrilla documents, and interviews important actors in Argentina's political drama. His wide-ranging scholarship traces the origins of the national security and national salvation doctrines to the Spanish Inquisition, sixteenth-century witch hunts, and nineteenth-century reactions to the modernizing ideologies of liberalism, democracy, socialism, and communism. Hodges posits that the "dirty war," Military Process, and revolutionary war to which they responded represented the culmination of social tensions that arose in 1930 with the launching of the Military Era by Argentina's first successful twentieth-century coup. He offers the disquieting hypothesis that as long as the "Argentine Question" remains unsettled the military may intervene again, the resistance movement will remain strong, and violence may continue even under a democratic government. Donald C. Hodges (1923-2009) was professor of philosophy and affiliate professor of political science at Florida State University.
Argentina's Missing Bones: Revisiting the History of the Dirty War (Violence in Latin American History #6)
by James P. BrennanArgentina’s Missing Bones is the first comprehensive English-language work of historical scholarship on the 1976–83 military dictatorship and Argentina’s notorious experience with state terrorism during the so-called dirty war. It examines this history in a single but crucial place: Córdoba, Argentina’s second largest city. A site of thunderous working-class and student protest prior to the dictatorship, it later became a place where state terrorism was particularly cruel. Considering the legacy of this violent period, James P. Brennan examines the role of the state in constructing a public memory of the violence and in holding those responsible accountable through the most extensive trials for crimes against humanity to take place anywhere in Latin America.
Argentina's Parallel Currency: The Economy of the Poor (Financial History)
by Georgina M GomezAnalyzes the rise and fall of the Red de Trueque (launched in 1995 by a group of environmentalists who exchanged goods and services at their own 'market' using a system of mutual credit) in Argentina. This book identifies rules of governance and sustainability for institutional settings in which state regulation is minimal.
Argentina's Radical Party and Popular Mobilization, 1916–1930
by Joel HorowitzDemocracy has always been an especially volatile form of government, and efforts to create it in places like Iraq need to take into account the historical conditions for its success and sustainability. In this book, Joel Horowitz examines its first appearance in a country that appeared to satisfy all the criteria that political development theorists of the 1950s and 1960s identified as crucial. This experiment lasted in Argentina from 1916 to 1930, when it ended in a military coup that left a troubled political legacy for decades to come. What explains the initial success but ultimate failure of democracy during this period? Horowitz challenges previous interpretations that emphasize the role of clientelism and patronage. He argues that they fail to account fully for the Radical Party government’s ability to mobilize widespread popular support. Instead, by comparing the administrations of Hipólito Yrigoyen and Marcelo T. de Alvear, he shows how much depended on the image that Yrigoyen managed to create for himself: a secular savior who cared deeply about the less fortunate, and the embodiment of the nation. But the story is even more complex because, while failing to instill personalistic loyalty, Alvear did succeed in constructing strong ties with unions, which played a key role in undergirding the strength of both leaders’ regimes. Later successes and failures of Argentine democracy, from Juan Perón through the present, cannot be fully understood without knowing the story of the Radical Party in this earlier period.
Argentina's Tactical Aircraft Employment In The Falkland Islands War
by Major Gabriel V. GreenThe aerial forces of the Argentinean Air Force and Navy found themselves in a complex, unenviable position during the 1982 conflict with Great Britain for possession of the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas. Despite Argentinean numerical superiority, the modern weaponry and tactical proficiency of the United Kingdom's armed forces were a formidable threat. The Argentineans found themselves in a disadvantaged tactical situation due to a lack of preparation to include planning, intelligence, training, and resources necessary to counter a sophisticated military threat. To lessen their disadvantage, the Argentineans reorganized their Air Force; leveraged the tactical skill, innovation, and determination of their pilots; and employed their newly acquired air-launched Exocet anti-ship missile. This paper examines the context of the Argentinean political situation, explores the condition and reaction of the Air Force and Naval Air Arm to imminent conflict, details the aerial combat employment outcomes, and concludes with an evaluation of the results.Worldwide headlines declared either invasion or liberation on 2 April 1982. These words explained how both London and Buenos Aires felt after the Argentineans seized the Falkland Islands from the United Kingdom. Because of this action, the aerial forces of the Argentinean Air Force and Navy found themselves in a complex, unenviable position during the conflict with Great Britain for possession of the Falkland Islands. The Argentineans were in a disadvantaged tactical situation due to a lack of preparation to include planning, intelligence, training, and resources necessary to counter a sophisticated military threat. To lessen their disadvantage, the Argentineans reorganized their Air Force; leveraged the tactical skill, innovation, and determination of their pilots; and employed their newly acquired air-launched Exocet anti-ship missile.
Argentina. Crisis imperial e independencia. Tomo 1 (1808-1830)
by Varios AutoresTomo I de Argentina en la Colección América Latina en la Historia Contemporánea. Dirigido y coordinado por Jorge Gelman. En el periodo comprendido entre 1808 y 1830 se produjeron cambios de una intensidad pocas veces vista en la historia. Éstos no sólo afectaron a Argentina, sino que además, tanto en Europa como en América, tuvieron lugar profundas transformaciones políticas, sociales, económicas y culturales. En lo que había sido el virreinato del Río de la Plata desde 1810 se abre un periodo de fuertes innovaciones que tienen como punto de inflexión la llegada de Rosas al poder. Esta etapa clave se analiza en este primer volumen sobre la historia contemporánea de Argentina desde perspectivas profundamente renovadoras. La colección América Latina en la Historia Contemporánea es uno de los proyectos editoriales más importantes de las últimas décadas y una aportación original y novedosa a la historiografía sobre América Latina en la que han participado más de 400 historiadores de diversos países. Presenta una visión plural y accesible de la historia contemporánea de las naciones latinoamericanas -incluyendo aquellas otras, europeas o americanas, que más han aportado a su materialización- y revela las claves políticas, sociales, económicas y culturales que han determinado su trayectoria y el lugar en el mundo que hoy ocupan.
Argentina: A Primary Source Cultural Guide
by Theodore Link Rose MccarthyArgentina boasts pristine deserts, sprawling beaches, rich plains, and hilly forests. The rugged Andes Mountains are home to a preserved colonial city, archaeological sites, wildlife refuges, subtropical forests, and desert canyons. Readers will revel in the excitement of soccer, the romance of tango, the glory of folklore, and the mystery of ancient cultures. They will also learn about the generations of dictatorial rule, revolving-door governments, corruption, tax evasion, and misguided financial policies that have created political and economic problems that Argentines have been unable to shake.
Argentina: La construcción de un país
by Fernando Rocchi Juan Carlos Torre Mirta Zaida LobatoDiferentes autores analizan circunstancias clave en la organizaciónsocial de la Argentina desde varias perspectivas. Para cada crisis la historia registra respuestas con peculiaridades. LaArgentina no está desconectada del mundo, no lo estuvo en el pasado nilo estará. Esta compilación trata, justamente, de algunas circunstanciasen la organización social argentina. El texto, como un todo, pretendeser un ejercicio de memoria para pensar el mañana. La historia es unproceso social complejo, cuyos actores tienen intereses e ideales que secruzan con otros y que conforman un determinado «lazo social». Ahorabien, cada uno de esos momentos fue una construcción política. Nada ninadie es neutral. En este contexto cada uno de los capítulosseleccionados recrea algunas de las características de esa gran obra.Cada autor revela aspectos de una trama que se resuelve creando algonuevo o reinstalando lo viejo. Diferentes voces, concepciones y lasdistintas dimensiones de la vida social. Frente a una nueva oportunidadhistórica construyamos el futuro aprovechando la experiencia.
Argentina’s Right-Wing Universe During the Democratic Period: Processes, Actors and Issues (Routledge Studies in Fascism and the Far Right)
by Gisela Pereyra Doval Gastón SouroujonArgentina’s Right-Wing Universe During the Democratic Period provides a comprehensive analysis of the course of right-wing politics in the country in the last 40 years. In 1983, after the fall of a violent military regime, Argentina began the longest period of democratic stability in its history—40 years marked by economic, institutional, social and political crises. This book examines the trajectory of the different right-wing organisations and ideological developments during these years, seeking to understand both the distinctions and the continuities that lie beneath its metamorphoses. Argentina has always acted as a laboratory in which to appreciate how the major problems and questions that concern those who have studied the right-wing in recent decades are translated into a particular political culture. In an international scenario marked by the social and political growth of different right-wing movements, some of which pose a threat to liberal democracies, the study of the Argentine case can provide greater clarity and a different perspective on problems that transcend this specific national case. This book will be of interest to scholars of Argentinian and Latin American politics and history, as well as specialists on the comparative politics of the radical right.
Argentine Fight for the Falklands (Pen And Sword Military Classics Ser. #No. 21)
by Martin MiddlebrookAn account by the only British historian to have been granted open access to the Argentines who planned and fought the Falklands War. Avoiding involvement in the issue of sovereignty and concentrating entirely upon the military story, this history is a unique and balanced look at the 1982 war for the islands that the UK called the Falklands and Argentina called the Malvinas, a ten-week conflict that killed nearly a thousand people. Among the men the author met were the captain of the ship that took the scrap-metal merchants to South Georgia; the admiral in charge of planning the Falklands invasion; the marine commander and other members of the invasion force; two brigadier-generals, five unit commanders, and many other men of the large army force sent to occupy and defend the islands; the officer in charge of the Argentine garrison at Goose Green; and, finally, the brigadier-general responsible for the defense of Port Stanley and soldiers of all ranks who fought the final battles.
Argentine Forces in the Falklands
by Paul Hannon Nick BijlThe announcement of the imminent withdrawal of the British Royal Navy's ice patrol ship HMS Endurance in early 1982 prompted the Argentinian Junta in Buenos Aires to plan a military grab of the Falklands -- a siege they assumed would succeed with little resistance. Such an adventure was attractive as a distraction for the Argentine public at a time of political unease. In April, the Junta, led by Gen. Leopoldo Galtieri, made its move. This fascinating book examines the history, organization and equipment of the Argentine forces that battled for control of this remote British outpost during the Falklands War (1982).
Argentine Foreign Policy during the Military Dictatorship, 1976–1983: Between a Nationalist and Pragmatic Approach
by Magdalena LisińskaThis book examines Argentine foreign policy under the military dictatorship from 1976–1983, also known as the National Reorganization Process. It brings together case studies on the most distinctive decisions and key issues in the regime’s foreign relations, including the international response to human rights violations, the dispute with Chile over the Beagle Channel, covert operations in Central America, the Argentine nuclear program, and the Falklands War. Lisińska examines the influence of ideological factors on foreign policy decisions, highlighting the relationship between the nationalism shaping the military’s policy goals and its pragmatic approach to achieving them.
Argentine Indian Art (Dover Pictorial Archive)
by Alejandro Eduardo FiadoneThis stunning collection of 284 rare designs is a bonanza for artists and craftspeople seeking distinctive patterns with a South American Indian flavor. The carefully adapted, authentic motifs include animal and totemic designs, geometric and rectilinear figures, abstracts, grids, and many other styles in a wide range of shapes and sizes.
Argentinean Literary Orientalism: From Esteban Echeverría to Roberto Arlt (Historical and Cultural Interconnections between Latin America and Asia)
by Axel GasquetThis book examines the modes of representation of the East in Argentinean literature since the country’s independence, in works by canonical authors such as Esteban Echeverría, Juan B. Alberdi, Domingo F. Sarmiento, Lucio V. Mansilla, Pastor S. Obligado, Eduardo F. Wilde, Leopoldo Lugones, and Roberto Arlt. The East, which has always fascinated intellectuals and artists from the Americas, inspired the creation of imaginary elements for both aesthetic and political purposes, from the depiction of purportedly despotic rulers to a genuine admiration for Eastern history and millennial cultures. These writers appropriated the East either through their travels or by reading chronicles, integrating along the way images that would end up being universalized by the Argentinean dichotomy between civilization and barbarism, all the while assigning the negative stereotypes of the exotic East to the Pampa region. With time, the exoticism of the Eastern world would shed its geopolitical meaning and was ultimately integrated into the national literature, thus adding new elements into the Argentinean imaginary.
Argo: How the CIA and Hollywood Pulled Off the Most Audacious Rescue in History
by Matt Baglio Antonio MendezThe true, declassified account of CIA operative Tony Mendez's daring rescue of American hostages from Iran that inspired the critically-acclaimed film directed by and starring Ben Affleck, and co-starring John Goodman, Alan Arkin, and Bryan Cranston.<P><P> On November 4, 1979, Iranian militants stormed the American embassy in Tehran and captured dozens of American hostages, sparking a 444-day ordeal and a quake in global politics still reverberating today. But there is a little-known drama connected to the crisis: six Americans escaped. And a top-level CIA officer named Antonio Mendez devised an ingenious yet incredibly risky plan to rescue them before they were detected.Disguising himself as a Hollywood producer, and supported by a cast of expert forgers, deep cover CIA operatives, foreign agents, and Hollywood special effects artists, Mendez traveled to Tehran under the guise of scouting locations for a fake science fiction film called Argo. While pretending to find the perfect film backdrops, Mendez and a colleague succeeded in contacting the escapees, and smuggling them out of Iran.<P> Antonio Mendez finally details the extraordinarily complex and dangerous operation he led more than three decades ago. A riveting story of secret identities and international intrigue, Argo is the gripping account of the history-making collusion between Hollywood and high-stakes espionage.
Argonauts of the Desert: Structural Analysis of the Hebrew Bible
by Philippe Wajdenbaum'Argonauts of the Desert' presents a revolutionary new commentary on the Bible and its origins, arguing that most biblical stories and laws were inspired by Greek literature. From Genesis to Kings, the books of the Bible may have been written by a single author, a Hellenized Judean scholar who used Plato's ideal state in The Laws as a primary source. As such, biblical Israel is a recreation of that twelve tribes State and the stories surrounding the birth, life and death of that State were inspired by Greek epics. Each chapter presents the biblical material and compares this to the Greek or Roman equivalents, discussing similarities and differences.
Argonauts of the Western Pacific
by Bronislaw MalinowskiBronislaw Malinowski's pathbreaking Argonauts of the Western Pacific is at once a detailed account of exchange in the Melanesian islands and a manifesto of a modernist anthropology. Malinowski argued that the goal of which the ethnographer should never lose sight is 'to grasp the native's point of view, his relation to life, to realise his vision of his world. ' Through vivid evocations of Kula life, including the building and launching of canoes, fishing expeditions and the role of myth and magic amongst the Kula people, Malinowski brilliantly describes an inter-island system of exchange - from gifts from father to son to swapping fish for yams - around which an entire community revolves. A classic of anthropology that did much to establish the primacy of painstaking fieldwork over the earlier anecdotal reports of travel writers, journalists and missionaries, it is a compelling insight into a world now largely lost from view. With a new foreword by Adam Kuper.
Argos and the Argolid: From the End of the Bronze Age to the Roman Occupation (Routledge Revivals)
by Richard A TomlinsonArgos and the Argolid, first published in 1972, presents a study of the history and achievements of the Argives, who have hitherto been largely neglected: partly because Classical Argos is overshadowed by the legends of an earlier millennium, and partly because many of her monuments and records have been lost. Richard Tomlinson describes the region, and considers the relationship between the Argives who claimed Dorian descent and those whose ancestors were in all probability the inhabitants of the region during the Bronze Age. In particular, he emphasises the Argives’ role as a ‘third force’ in mainland Greek history, where they challenged the supremacy of the Spartans in Peloponnesian affairs. This thorough treatment is intended to correct the usual bias in favour of the better documented affairs of Athens and Sparta. It includes an assessment of Argive military and political organisation, and of their contribution to the arts of Ancient Greece.
Arguing About War
by Michael WalzerMichael Walzer is one of the world's most eminent philosophers on the subject of war and ethics. Now, for the first time since his classic Just and Unjust Wars was published almost three decades ago, this volume brings together his most provocative arguments about contemporary military conflicts and the ethical issues they raise. The essays in the book are divided into three sections. The first deals with issues such as humanitarian intervention, emergency ethics, and terrorism. The second consists of Walzer's responses to particular wars, including the first Gulf War, Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq. And the third presents an essay in which Walzer imagines a future in which war might play a less significant part in our lives. In his introduction, Walzer reveals how his thinking has changed over time. Written during a period of intense debate over the proper use of armed force, this book gets to the heart of difficult problems and argues persuasively for a moral perspective on war.
Arguing Development Policy: Frames and Discourses
by Des Gasper Raymond ApthorpeThis collection shows how policy discourses in the fields of national and international developments are constructed and operate and how they can be analysed. Dominant discourses screen out certain aspects: they frame' issues to include some matters and typically exclude important others. More generally, different policy discourses construct the world in distinctive ways, through language that requires deconstruction and careful review.
Arguing Sainthood: Modernity, Psychoanalysis, and Islam
by Katherine Pratt EwingIn Arguing Sainthood, Katherine Pratt Ewing examines Sufi religious meanings and practices in Pakistan and their relation to the Westernizing influences of modernity and the shaping of the postcolonial self. Using both anthropological fieldwork and psychoanalytic theory to critically reinterpret theories of subjectivity, Ewing examines the production of identity in the context of a complex social field of conflicting ideologies and interests.Ewing critiques Eurocentric cultural theorists and Orientalist discourse while also taking issue with expatriate postcolonial thinkers Homi Bhabha and Gayatri Spivak. She challenges the notion of a monolithic Islamic modernity in order to explore the lived realities of individuals, particularly those of Pakistani saints and their followers. By examining the continuities between current Sufi practices and earlier popular practices in the Muslim world, Ewing identifies in the Sufi tradition a reflexive, critical consciousness that has usually been associated with the modern subject. Drawing on her training in clinical and theoretical psychoanalysis as well as her anthropological fieldwork in Lahore, Pakistan, Ewing argues for the value of Lacan in anthropology as she provides the basis for retheorizing postcolonial studies.
Arguing Well
by John ShandArguing Well is a lucid introduction to the nature of good reasoning, how to test and construct successful arguments. It assumes no prior knowledge of logic or philosophy. The book includes an introduction to basic symbolic logic. Arguing Well introduces and explains: * The nature and importance of arguments * What to look for in deciding whether arguments succeed or fail * How to construct good arguments * How to make it more certain that we reason when we should The book is ideal for any student embarking on academic study where presenting arguments are what matters most; in fact, for all people who want to understand the nature and importance of good reasoning and awaken their ability to argue well.
Arguing for Atheism: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion
by Robin Le PoidevinFirst Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Arguing the World
by Joseph DormanFrom cafeterias to cocktail parties to the pages of influential journals of opinion, few groups of friends have argued ideas so passionately and so publicly as the writers and critics known as the New York intellectuals. A brilliantly contentious circle of thinkers, they wielded enormous influence in the second half of the twentieth century through their championing of cultural modernism and their critique of Soviet totalitarianism. Arguing the World is a portrait of four of the leading members of the group in their own words, based on the extensive interviews that formed the basis for Joseph Dorman's acclaimed film of the same name, which New York magazine named in 1999 as the Best New York Documentary. The political essayist Irving Kristol, the literary critic Irving Howe, and the sociologists Daniel Bell and Nathan Glazer are brought into sharp focus in a vivid account of one of the century's great intellectual communities. In this wide-ranging oral history, Dorman documents the lifelong political arguments of these men, from their working-class beginnings to their rise to prominence in the years following World War II, particularly through their contributions to magazines and journals like Partisan Review and Com-mentary. From the advent of the Cold War and McCarthyism, to the rise of the New Left on college campuses in the sixties, to the emergence of neoconservatism in the seventies and eighties, the group's disagreements grew more heated and at times more personal. Driven apart by their responses to these historic events, in later life the four found themselves increasingly at odds with one another. Kristol became influential in America's resurgent conservative movement and Glazer made a name for himself as a forceful critic of liberal social policy, while Bell fought to defend a besieged liberalism. Until his death in 1993, Irving Howe remained an unapologetic voice of the radical left. Weaving personal reminiscences from these towering figures with those of their friends and foes, Arguing the World opens a new window on the social and intellectual history of twentieth-century America.