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Entryism and the Revolutionary Socialist Left in Britain (Routledge Studies in Modern British History)
by Nicolas SigoillotThis book examines entryism in the context of the revolutionary socialist left in Britain, from the inception of the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1920 to the departure of Militant from the Labour Party in 1992. Entryism is a tactic of penetration of a political party by another, aimed at accomplishing objectives, the nature of which can change depending on the type of entry. This work shows to what extent there is not one type of entryism but several. The adopted methodology is chronological, with introductory chapters that study the context and the previous partial-only attempts to define entryism. The first part of the volume is dedicated to the relationship between the Communist Party of Great Britain and the Labour Party up until the middle of the 20th century. The following two parts are dedicated to British tTotskyists before and after the Second World War. In total, 17 organisations that have practiced entryism are examined. Through their objectives, practices, and results, this work intends to formulate an exhaustive typology of the tactic, which fills a definitional gap in political science and covers an aspect of Labour’s History that has only been partially covered. This volume will be of use to students and scholars interested in the history of the Labour Party and the Far Left in the United Kingdom.
Entryism and the Revolutionary Socialist Left in Britain (Routledge Studies in Modern British History)
by Nicolas SigoillotThis book examines entryism in the context of the revolutionary socialist left in Britain, from the inception of the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1920 to the departure of Militant from the Labour Party in 1992.Entryism is a tactic of penetration of a political party by another, aimed at accomplishing objectives, the nature of which can change depending on the type of entry. This work shows to what extent there is not one type of entryism but several. The adopted methodology is chronological, with introductory chapters that study the context and the previous partial-only attempts to define entryism. The first part of the volume is dedicated to the relationship between the Communist Party of Great Britain and the Labour Party up until the middle of the 20th century. The following two parts are dedicated to British Trotskyists before and after the Second World War. In total, 17 organisations that have practiced entryism are examined. Through their objectives, practices, and results, this work intends to formulate an exhaustive typology of the tactic, which fills a definitional gap in political science and covers an aspect of Labour’s History that has only been partially covered. This volume will be of use to students and scholars interested in the history of the Labour Party and the Far Left in the United Kingdom.
Entwicklungspolitik: Eine Einführung in Zielsetzungen und Ergebnisse
by Joachim BetzEntwicklungsländer haben seit den 1990er Jahren rasche, aber höchst unterschiedliche Fortschritte gemacht. So weit, dass sich die Grenzen zu den traditionellen Industrieländern teilweise verwischt haben. Andererseits gibt es eine Reihe von meist fragilen Staaten, denen das nicht oder nur ansatzweise gelungen ist. Die Rede von der einen „Dritten Welt“ und gemeinsamen Entwicklungsproblemen erklärt also nur noch wenig. Stattdessen ist Entwicklung eine Anforderung an alle Staaten geworden, die in diesem Lehrbuch nach den wesentlichen Entwicklungszielen aufgeschlüsselt und bewertet werden.
Entwined
by Kristen CallihanEamon Evernight has always lived in his older brother's shadow. While his brother is fair of hair and lithe in body, Eamon sparks fear with his fiery locks and massive frame-and rumors of a mysterious power. But when his brother has the good fortune to be betrothed to a beautiful stranger, it's Eamon's help-and quick wit and romantic heart--that he needs. Eamon agrees to write the noble lady...a generous offer that will forever leave him a changed man. Lady Luella Jane Moran has no interest in an arranged marriage and tries valiantly to dissuade her betrothed from afar. Though her own letters plainly state her case, the words her husband-to-be writes her leave her aching for his touch. Will Lu give in to the desire the missives have kindled within her? Or will desire turn cold when she discovers their true author? 33,000 words
Entwined Homelands, Empowered Diasporas: Hispanic Moroccan Jews and Their Globalizing Community (Sephardi and Mizrahi Studies)
by Aviad MorenoEntwined Homelands, Empowered Diasporas explores how the 30,000 Jews in northern Morocco developed a sense of kinship with modern Spain, medieval Sepharad, and the broader Hispanophone world that was unlike anything experienced elsewhere. The Hispanic Moroccan Jewish diaspora, as this group is often called by its scholars and its community leaders, also became one of the most mobile and globally dispersed North African groups in the twentieth century, with major hubs in Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Spain, Israel, Canada, France, and the US, among others.Drawing on an array of communal sources from across this diaspora, Aviad Moreno explores how narratives of ancestry in Spain, Israel, Morocco, and several Latin American countries interconnected the diaspora, empowering its hubs across the globe throughout the twentieth century and beyond.By investigating these mechanisms of diaspora formation in a small community that once shared the same space in Morocco,Entwined Homelands, Empowered Diasporas challenges national accounts of the broader Jewish diasporas and adds complexity to the annals of multilayered ethnic communities on the move.
Entzückt von einem Herzog
by Amanda MarielMiss Emma Baxter flieht als blinde Passagierin in einer Kutsche, um ihrem Onkel und dem Baron zu entkommen, mit dem sie verheiratet werden soll. Das Letzte, was sie erwartet hätte, ist, sich plötzlich an der Seite von Aaron St. John, dem Herzog von Radcliffe, und seiner sieben Jahre alten Tochter Lady Sophia wiederzufinden. Nun ist sie von einer gänzlich anderen Gefahr bedroht.
Enveloped Lives: Caring and Relating in Lithuanian Health Care
by Rima PraspaliauskieneHanding envelopes containing money or gifts to doctors in public health care is often seen as a remnant of socialism that continues as an integral part of the Lithuanian health care system. Rima Praspaliauskiene uses the envelope to explore complex doctor-patient interactions that go beyond notions of the gift or the bribe. She reshapes our definition of corruption and encourages seeing these practices as emerging forms of care that impede the neoliberal health care reforms effected in the post-Soviet era. Enveloped Lives extends the analytical categories of gift, care, money, and transparency, shifting attention away from material transactions by prioritizing relations and practices that transcend economic rationality. At a time when health care reforms and the costs of care are being widely debated, this book is a contribution to the larger discussion about the ethics and future of health care around the world.
Envenenado en Cardington Crescent (Inspector Thomas Pitt #Volumen 8)
by Anne PerryLa investigación de la muerte de un pariente muy cercano supondrá una dura prueba para el inspector Pitt. La octava novela de la serie del inspector Pitt El crimen se ha vuelto a apropiar de los elegantes barrios londinenses y el inspector Pitt se ve obligado a intervenir. Sin embargo, en esta ocasión se trata de un asesinato particularmente doloroso para el inefable inspector y su perspicaz esposa Charlotte, ya que la víctima es el esposo de Emily, la querida hermana de Charlotte. Pero la tragedia no acaba ahí, ya que a continuación se produce otra muerte en extrañas circunstancias...
Envidia (Latidos #Volumen 3)
by Anna GodbersenMentiras, secretos y pasiones prohibidas en la ciudad de Nueva York. La alta sociedad de Manhattan espera los primeros días de primavera entre fiestas, cócteles y recepciones. Tras su precipitado retorno, Elizabeth Holland todavía no ha aparecido en ninguno de estos eventos sociales, pero ahora las miradas curiosas tienen un nuevo objetivo en el que posarse: los recién casados Henry Schoonmaker y Penélope Hayes. La flamante pareja es la envidia de toda Nueva York y parece tener todo lo que se puede desear: dinero, belleza, felicidad. Aunque, en ocasiones, las sonrisas más deslumbrantes esconden los secretos más escandalosos...
Environing Empire: Nature, Infrastructure and the Making of German Southwest Africa (Environment in History: International Perspectives #23)
by Martin KalbEven leaving aside the vast death and suffering that it wrought on indigenous populations, German ambitions to transform Southwest Africa in the early part of the twentieth century were futile for most. For years colonists wrestled ocean waters, desert landscapes, and widespread aridity as they tried to reach inland in their effort of turning outwardly barren lands into a profitable settler colony. In his innovative environmental history, Martin Kalb outlines the development of the colony up to World War I, deconstructing the common settler narrative, all to reveal the importance of natural forces and the Kaisereich’s everyday violence.
Environment and Ecology in the Long Nineteenth-Century
by Mark FrostThis first volume includes scientific sources that were foundational in the professionalization of science and in the development and dissemination of scientific thinking as it moved towards evolutionary thought, including emerging ideas in biology, botany, zoology, anatomy, natural theology, and geology. The volume is comprised of specialist and popular science, and because science was becoming increasingly internationalised, particularly significant and influential overseas sources have been included. The volume includes extracts from works by Rev. Gilbert White, Baron Cuvier, William Paley, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Rev. William Buckland, Charles Waterton, Charles Lyell, Richard Owen, Louis Agassiz, Roderick Murchison, Alexander von Humboldt, Henry Sedgwick, Hugh Miller, Patrick Mathew, Robert Chambers, John Ruskin, and Philip Gosse.
Environment and Ecology in the Long Nineteenth-Century: Volume II: Popular, Cultural, Social, Political, and Ecological Perspectives on Environment, 1789–1858
by Mark FrostThis volume includes sources relating to a range of social and cultural contexts, including the proliferation of natural history crazes (ferns, aquaria, orchids, etc); debates about the social and environmental impacts of changing land use in town and country; debates about demographics, population, and resources inspired by Thomas Malthus; attempts to preserve landscapes (e.g., The Commons Preservation Society), debates about hunger, poverty, and disease in the countryside, particularly during the ‘Hungry Forties’, and relating to the Captain Swing and Chartist disturbances; the rise of land Utopianism and rural Utopian community projects; the rise of new forms of rural leisure; aesthetic engagements with rural enviroments and new world travel; and debates about pollution (especially water pollution). The volume will also turn to a range of literary sources from the period prior to 1858 to illustrate the ways in which changing attitudes to environments emerged in fiction. These include extracts from Dickens’s early works, the hunting novels of R. S. Surtees, the social novels of Harriet Martineau, Charlotte Tonna, Charles Kingsley and Margaret Oliphant, John Ruskin’s environmental fairytale, ‘The King of the Golden River’, chartist fiction, Victorian children’s fiction, and adventure novels.
Environment and Experience: Settlement Culture in Nineteenth-Century Oregon
by Peter BoagThe pioneer battling with a hostile environment—whether it be arid land, drought, dust storms, dense forests, or harsh winters—is a staple of western American history. In this innovative, multi-disciplinary work, Peter Boag takes issue with the image of the settler against the frontier, arguing that settlers viewed their new surroundings positively and attempted to create communities in harmony with the landscape. Using Oregon's Calapooia Valley as a case study, Boag presents a history of both land and people that shows the process of change as settlers populated the land and turned it to their own uses. By combining local sources, ranging from letters and diaries to early maps and local histories, and drawing upon the methods of geography, natural history, and literary analysis, Boag has created a richly detailed grass-roots portrait of a frontier community. Most significantly, he analyzes the connections among environmental, cultural, and social changes in ways that illuminate the frontier experience throughout the American west. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1992.
Environment and History: The taming of nature in the USA and South Africa (Historical Connections)
by Peter Coates William BeinartThe influence of human economies and cultures on ecosystems is particularly striking in the new worlds into which Europeans have expanded over the past five hundred years. Using a comparative and multidisciplinary approach, Beinart and Coates examine this neglected aspect of the history of settler incursion and dominance in two frontier nations, the USA and South Africa. They also seek to explain change in indigenous ideas and practices towards the environment, and discuss the rise of popular environmentalism up to the present day.
Environment and Identity Politics in Colonial Africa: Fulani Migrations and Land Conflict (Global Africa)
by Emmanuel MbahEconomic, political, and ethnic favoritism are common themes in the historiography of colonial Africa. Land ownership and control, and the abilities of the respective landscapes to sustain Africa’s growing population amidst the throes of climate change, have created recurrent identity crises throughout Africa. The book’s chapters elevate the discussion on recurrent environmental issues, the problems of contested ownership of land, autochthonism as well as the interaction and blending of different cultures in a restricted geographical space. The study highlights a neglected aspect of the history of Fulani migrations in West Africa - the colonial extension of the Fulani into the Southern Cameroons (the Fulani as a group did not exist in the region prior to 1916). Therefore the introduction of the Fulani in the region, at a time when ethnic affinities and control over land had already crystallized, resulted in problems of a wider magnitude that have been carefully and meticulously addressed in this book. Environment and Identity Politics in Colonial Africa makes a major contribution to colonial African historiography. It will be of interest to students and scholars of Modern Africa, African Environmental History and Colonial History
Environment and Narrative in Vietnam (Literatures, Cultures, and the Environment)
by Ursula K. Heise Chi P. PhamEnvironment and Narrative in Vietnam brings together essays about Vietnam’s natural environments and environmental crises from the perspective of culture, with particular attention to narrative templates that have shaped perceptions and interactions with nature on the part of different communities. The essays in this volume explore theoretical problems in the assessment of ecological stewardship and attitudes toward nature across cultures. They focus on both majority (Kinh) and ethnic minority narratives about nature and seek to outline how different ideas of modernization, from the French colonial project to the Marxist understanding of nature on the part of the Communist government, have shaped perceptions, policies, and activism regarding the environment. The essays also highlight the tensions and confluences between nationalist nation-building projects and economic integration into global markets for environmental thinking over the last half-century, and they analyze how texts from literary fiction to contemporary news media represent different environmental cultures in Vietnam. Taken together, the essays in Environment and Narrative in Vietnam begin to fill a significant gap in the understanding of environmental cultures in Asia and in the Environmental Humanities. This is an open access book.
Environment and Pollution in Colonial India: Sewerage Technologies along the Sacred Ganges (Routledge Studies in South Asian History)
by Janine WilhelmIndia is facing a river pollution crisis today. The origins of this crisis are commonly traced back to post-Independence economic development and urbanisation. This book, in contrast, shows that some important early roots of India’s river pollution problem, and in particular the pollution of the Ganges, lie with British colonial policies on wastewater disposal during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Analysing the two cornerstones of colonial river pollution history during the late 19th and early 20th centuries – the introduction of sewerage systems and the introduction of biological sewage treatment technologies in cities along the Ganges – the author examines different controversies around the proposed and actual discharge of untreated/treated sewage into the Ganges, which involved officials on different administrative levels as well as the Indian public. The analysis shows that the colonial state essentially ignored the problematic aspects of sewage disposal into rivers, which were clearly evident from European experience. Guided by colonial ideology and fiscal policy, colonial officials supported the introduction of the cheapest available sewerage technologies, which were technologies causing extensive pollution. Thus, policies on sewage disposal into the Ganges and other Indian rivers took on a definite shape around the turn of the 20th century, and acquired certain enduring features that were to exert great negative influence on the future development of river pollution in India. A well-researched study on colonial river pollution history, this book presents an innovative contribution to South Asian environmental history. It is of interest to scholars working on colonial, South Asian and environmental history, and the colonial history of public health, science and technology.
Environment and Selection of Technology: The Historical Agrotechnical Geography of West China During the Qing Dynasty
by Zhenghong XiaoThis book makes an insightful investigation of historical agrotechnical geography in West China in the Qing Dynasty from the perspective of historical geography and the history of agricultural technology. This study first divides West China into four regions, i.e., the Loess Plateau, Northwest China except the Loess Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and Southwest China. Based on a systematic analysis of the geographical factors, such as heat, moisture, topography, soil, this study discusses the distribution and differentiation of the major technology types in these regions, ranging from the most primitive shifting cultivation and extensive cultivation to the most intensive cultivation, which are manifested in the crop structure and distribution, planting technology, water conservancy, tools, etc., as well as various combinations of these technologies. The diverse types and forms of technology and their specific combinations in different geographical spaces are mainly determined bythe diverse environmental conditions, which embodies the multi-factor correlation between technology mode and geographical environment and the internal unity of regional agricultural technology mode. In addition to the relationship between agricultural technology and geographical factors, it also takes social-economic, religious, and other cultural factors as important parameters, which were unique in West China, and significantly influence the trend of agrotechnological development. Through this study, it constructs the basic theoretical framework of historical agrotechnical geography and enlarges the scope of historical geography studies. And, since the author chose West China in the Qing Dynasty as the research subject, which was characterized by significant diversity and complexity in terms of natural geographical factors and socio-economic circumstances like religion and customs, this study provides a typical case for in-depth understanding of West China, so it is still of great academic value and important practical significance for the development of West China today.
Environment and Society in Byzantium, 650-1150: Between the Oak and the Olive (New Approaches to Byzantine History and Culture)
by Alexander OlsonThis book illuminates Byzantines' relationship with woodland between the seventh and twelfth centuries. Using the oak and the olive as objects of study, this work explores shifting economic strategies, environmental change, and the transformation of material culture throughout the middle Byzantine period. Drawing from texts, environmental data, and archaeological surveys, this book demonstrates that woodland's makeup was altered after Byzantium's seventh-century metamorphosis, and that people interacted in new ways with this re-worked ecology. Oak obtained prominence after late antiquity, illustrating the shift from that earlier era's intensive agriculture to a more sylvan middle Byzantine economy. Meanwhile, the olive faded into the background, re-emerging in the eleventh and twelfth centuries thanks to the initiative of people adapting yet again to newly changed political and economic circumstances. This book therefore shows that Byzantines' relationship with their ecology was far from static, and that Byzantines' decisions had environmental impacts.
Environment and Society in Soviet Estonia, 1960–1990: An Intimate Cultural History (Elements in Soviet and Post-Soviet History)
by Epp AnnusRussia's twenty-first-century military aggression has inspired calls for rethinking the Soviet era and its aftermath – for drawing attention to decolonizing efforts within the (former) USSR and to Russia's colonial practices and imperial aspirations. At the same time, the present era of anthropogenic climate change urges us to consider the global and planetary implications of local actions. This Element combines these two scholarly impulses to consider Soviet-era Estonian society between the 1960s and the 1980s: it investigates how natural environments and social ideas and circumstances were intertwined in fundamental ways, and it emphasizes local agency over homogenizing strategies of Soviet rule. Estonians cared deeply about their local environments, but they also took inspiration from environmentalist works of global importance. Various aspects of Estonian environmental thought and practice are analyzed as tied to local, intimate environments, as impacted by Soviet/Russian colonial rule, and as connected to the global circulation of ideas.
Environment as a Weapon: Geographies, Histories and Literature (Historical Geography and Geosciences)
by Charles TravisEnvironment as a Weapon considers how the confluence of war and nature from the time of the Agricultural Revolution (10,000 BCE) to our present day has been represented in works of history, geography, and literature. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Torah and Greco-Roman myths, warfare is a trope commensurate with environmental disasters, extreme climate, and plague. In the medieval age myths the Táin, and Beowulf environments become allies and enemies. The equestrian steppeland as foundation of Genghis Khan’s and his heirs Pax Mongolica is chronicled in The Secret History of the Mongols and The Travels of Marco Polo. The West African Griot legend of Sundiata and the Little Ice Age wreck of the Spanish Armada in 1588 speak to oceanic and atmospheric dimensions of warfare. American Revolution political pamphlets, poetry, diaries and weather logs, reflect the severe weather and terrain deployed by George Washington’s early campaigns in the war of independence. Napoleon’s midwifing of Total War is captured in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace, and Charles Minard’s Carte figurative carto-graph of the disastrous 1812 French invasion of Russia. The U.S. Civil War and the organic-industrial assembles of its battles, arguably the first Anthropocene War, is parsed by the clarifying poetry of Emily Dickinson. Geopolitik and geo-hazards of flood and fire feature in the Global War works of Samuel Beckett, Kurt Vonnegut and James Dickey. The literature of Vietnamese and American war combat veterans reveals how North Vietnam’s Environmental Military Complex stalled the American Military Industrial Complex in the jungles, and R&R districts of southwestern Asia. Finally, he sci-fi of H.G. Wells’ World Set Free and David Mitchell’s Cloud-Atlas frame Oppenheimer’s sub-atomic deployments at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, James Lovelock’s ‘Gaia’ and U.S. military discourses situating global warming as a national security threat to America. Indeed, Environment and War ironically resonates with U.N. Secretary General António Guterres proclamation that “seventy-five years ago, the world emerged from a series of cataclysmic events: two successive world wars, genocide, a devastating influenza pandemic . . . Our founders gathered in San Francisco promising to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.” Thus, a holistic approach to studying and mitigating the human and environmental impacts of warfare, must integrate methods from the arts, humanities and sciences. This involves understanding how the historical geographies of the Earth’s planetary systems have been perceived, deployed and emerged as agents of warfare, with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere and atmosphere transformed as arsenals against anthropogenic global warming. This book will be of interest to geographers, historians, and scholars in environmental studies, climate change, literature and military studies, as well as the broader environmental humanities.
Environment in the Balance
by Jonathan Z. CannonDoes the green movement remain a transformative force in American life? In Environment in the Balance Jonathan Cannon interprets a wide range of U.S. Supreme Court decisions over four decades and explores the current ferment among activists, to gauge the practical and cultural impact of environmentalism and its future prospects.
Environment, Agency, and Technology in Urban Life since c.1750: Technonatures in the Global North
by Mikkel Thelle Mikkel HøghøjThis book explores the historical relationship between ‘technonatures’ and urban transformations in the Global North. In recent years, various interdisciplinary movements such as Urban Political Ecology, STS and New Materialism have affected urban history and generated new scholarly insights into the formation of cities and urban life based on notions of hybridity, entanglement and metabolism. While scholars have increasingly attempted to grasp the socio-natural and technical complexity of cities, studies dealing with urban transformation within urban history have, however, mostly concentrated on political actors or broader social and economic changes. Seeking to introduce the concept of technonatures to the field of urban environmental history, this book instead takes its empirical and analytical starting point in the technonatural fabric of cities. Focusing on urban rivers, dumps, railways, flood walls and housing, the chapters of the book thus examines how different entanglementsof environment, technology and agency have shaped cities and processes of urbanization in the Global North from the seventeenth century onwards. By foregrounding the transformative role of urban natures, materialities and technologies in shaping the politics of urban life and cities more broadly, the book aspires to probe the potentiality of technonatures as a conceptual and analytical strategy for urban environmental historians.
Environment, Society, and The Compleat Angler (Cultural Inquiries in English Literature, 1400–1700)
by Marjorie SwannFirst published in 1653, The Compleat Angler is one of the most influential environmental texts ever written. Addressing a politically and religiously polarized nation devastated by warfare, disease, ecological degradation, and climate change, Izaak Walton’s famous fishing treatise stages a radical thought experiment: how might humanity’s enhanced relationship with the natural world generate a new kind of sustaining—and sustainable—social order beyond the traditional boundaries of the church, the state, and the biological family?Challenging the current scholarly consensus that reads Walton’s how-to manual as a conservative polemic camouflaged by fishlore, Marjorie Swann examines this richly complicated portrayal of the natural world through an ecocritical lens and explores other neglected aspects of Walton’s writings, including his depictions of social hierarchy, gender, and sexuality. In the process, Swann analyzes a host of noncanonical environmental texts and provides a groundbreaking reappraisal of Charles Cotton’s “Part II” of The Compleat Angler. This study extends the hydrological turn in early modern ecocriticism and demonstrates how, as a genre, angling manuals provide new insights into the environmental, cultural, social, and literary history of early modern England.Taking its place alongside landmark works of ecocriticism such as Green Shakespeare and Milton and Ecology, this fresh and timely reassessment of The Compleat Angler rightly ranks Izaak Walton among the most important environmental writers of the early modern era.
Environmental Accounting, Sustainability and Accountability
by Somnath DebnathThe study of the interactions between business organizations and their natural environments has gained momentum recently under the aegis of social and environmental accounting and reporting (SEAR), and as a diluted form of response in corporate social responsibility (CSR). Environmental Accounting, Sustainability and Accountability envisages accounting as an effective instrument in improving this interrelationship. It comprehensively describes how organizations can capture their environmental performance and thereby address societal concerns. The book closely explores how organizations can embed care for the environment as fundamental to their functioning. It broadly covers traditional accounting as a measuring instrument, contemporary advances and unresolved problems, alternative perspectives and recent developments. The central idea proposed here is to evolve the environmental accounting framework and bring calculative aspects into sustainability thinking that businesses are responsible for. Among the other important innovative ideas discussed are new costing techniques for waste management, accounting schematics of carbon trade, green information needs of management and the extension of the environmental viewpoint to information systems and technology.