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English Masculinities, 1660-1800 (Women And Men In History)
by Tim Hitchcock Michelle CohenThis collection of specially commissioned essays provides the first social history of masculinity in the ‘long eighteenth century’. Drawing on diaries, court records and prescriptive literature, it explores the different identities of late Stuart and Georgian men. The heterosexual fop, the homosexual, the polite gentleman, the blackguard, the man of religion, the reader of erotica and the violent aggressor are each examined here, and in the process a new and increasingly important field of historical enquiry is opened up to the non-specialist reader.The book opens with a substantial introduction by the Editors. This provides readers with a detailed context for the chapters which follow. The core of the book is divided into four main parts looking at sociability, virtue and friendship, violence, and sexuality. Within this framework each chapter forms a self-contained unit, with its own methodology, sources and argument. The chapters address issues such as the correlations between masculinity and Protestantism; masculinity, Englishness and taciturnity; and the impact of changing representations of homosexual desire on the social organisation of heterosexuality. Misogyny, James Boswell's self-presentation, the literary and metaphorical representation of the body, the roles of gossip and violence in men's lives, are each addressed in individual chapters. The volume is concluded by a wide-ranging synoptic essay by John Tosh, which sets a new agenda for the history of masculinity. An extensive guide to further reading is also provided.Designed for students, academics and the general reader alike, this collection of essays provides a wide-ranging and accessible framework within which to understand eighteenth-century men. Because of the variety of approaches and conclusions it contains, and because this is the first attempt to bring together a comprehensive set of writings on the social history of eighteenth-century masculinity, this volume does something quite new. It de-centres and problematises the male ‘standard’ and explores the complex and disparate masculinites enacted by the men of this period. This will be essential reading for anyone interested in eighteenth-century British social history.
English Mediaeval Pilgrimage (Routledge Library Editions: The Medieval World #17)
by D. J. HallOriginally published in 1965, English Medieval Pilgrimage provides a detailed overview of the history of pilgrimage during the medieval period. The book looks at how the process of pilgrimage was more than a religious exercise, acting as a custom, a means of escape and a form of entertainment, as well as being an act of profound faith. The book argues that the medieval pilgrimage cannot be viewed in isolation, but indeed needs to be viewed in the context of the social and religious life of the people of the medieval age, across all social classes – from king to beggar. The book examines how the different attitudes towards pilgrimage were an expression of different attitudes towards living and indeed every aspect of the temporal and spiritual worlds. The book argues that the story of medieval pilgrimage can only be fully understood when viewed in light of the whole history of the country.
English Medieval Theatre: 1400–1500 (Routledge Library Editions: Medieval Culture, Society, & Religion)
by William TydemanOriginally published in 1986, this volume illuminates the predominant theatrical styles of a particular period in dramatic history. It does this by reconstructing – as far as conjecture permits – the manner in which five major plays of the late Middle Ages might have been staged in fifteenth-century Britain. The author draws on his experience in producing medieval plays to discuss the business of staging in a novel way. General conclusions are drawn from specific examples and the qualities which give medieval English drama its idiosyncratic features and appeal are characterized.
English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture (Routledge Library Editions: Science and Technology in the Nineteenth Century #2)
by Francis GaltonThis edition first published in 1970. Francis Galton has been honoured as the founder of biostatics and one of the creators of modern psychology. His principal aim was to establish a body of statistical knowledge about mental heredity which would result in a new pattern of behaviour for society. The relationship between outstanding men had led him to conclude that mental traits are inherited, and that an ideal society would take advantage of this "fact". In this particular work, which he termed a "Natural History of the English Men of Science of the present day", he examined at great length the antecedents, environment, education and hereditary features of the most prominent men of science in order to establish certain laws relating to heredity. It is a landmark in the transition from introspective to objective methods in biological and psychological research, and the author’s statistical, nonanecdotal approach was to prove immensely fruitful for the development of psychology. Indeed the questionnaire included in the work is probably the earliest in existence. As Professor Cowan points out in her introduction, historians as well as scientists intent upon a deeper understanding of the Victorian mind will find much of interest in this remarkable book.
English Merchant Shipping: 1460-1540
by Dorothy BurwashBetween 1460 and 1540 the development of merchant shipping was of vital importance to the growth of England as a European power. In this work Miss Burwash offers a complete history of the English merchant marine in the late middle ages and early renaissance period. Her account includes a description of the size and design of the ships, the trades in which they engaged, the business arrangements under which they sailed and the codes of maritime law which governed them, the wages and conditions of work of the common seaman and the degree of navigational skill of the shipmasters and pilots. This was the time when seamen and merchants of northern Europe were beginning to venture out of the familiar home waters and undertake voyages of discovery such as the Bristol expeditions 1501-1504 which in all probability reached Labrador and possibly Greenland. The author concludes that, although English shipping faced stiff competition from traders and seamen of other countries in northern Europe--most particularly the Dutch--the period was one of healthy growth which laid a good foundation for the more brilliant and better known exploits of the Elizabethan age.Based on extensive and detailed research in manuscript sources preserved in the Public Record Office, British libraries and the British Museum, this study is an essential one for serious students of English history.
English Mystery Plays
by Peter HappéHumour, pathos and suffering, and the culminating drama of the Crucifixion and Resurrection, give these plays a wonderful immediacy. Their action was conceived on a cosmic scale and all the enthusiasm and vitality of their writing is retained to this day. The energies of whole communities, notably at Chester, York and Wakefield, were devoted to their production and they were to influence later dramatists significantly. The grand design of the mystery plays was to celebrate the Christian story from 'The Fall of Lucifer' to the 'Judgement Day', and this volume contains thirty-eight plays, forming in itself a composite cycle and including almost all the incidents common to the extant cycles.
English National Identity and the Image of the Dutch: From the Armada to the Glorious Revolution (Early Modern Literature in History)
by Andrew FleckThis book makes newly visible the sustained engagement of the English and the Dutch throughout a critical century in their cultural and national development. It reads a broad selection of early modern literary texts, some never before treated in Anglophone scholarship, in which the Dutch and the English wrote about each other and themselves. This interdisciplinary study brings to light the key affinities of these two nations: their embrace of liberty, turn toward Protestantism, and pursuit of commerce. It shows that as Catholic, colonial powers worked to prevent the rise of early modern Europe’s two great Protestant states, those similarities—as well as a combination of English admiration, envy, and distrust of the Dutch—produced an emulous rivalry that remade the two nations and their literature.
English Noblewomen in the Later Middle Ages (The Medieval World)
by Jennifer WardThis vivid and pioneering study illuminates the different roles played in late medieval society by noblewomen - the most substantial group of women to survive as individuals in medieval documents. They emerge (despite limited political opportunities) as figures of consequence themselves in a landowning society through estate management in their husbands' frequent absences, and through hospitality, patronage and affinity.
English Opera from 1834 to 1864 with Particular Reference to the Works of Michael Balfe (Routledge Library Editions: Art and Culture in the Nineteenth Century #2)
by George BiddlecombeFirst published in 1994. This study sets out to investigate English opera from 1834 to 1864. The author attempts to understand the circumstances influencing the development of English nineteenth-century opera, its characteristic features, and the reasons why these traits held sway. This title will be of great interest to students of art and cultural history.
English Pastoral Music: From Arcadia to Utopia, 1900-1955
by Eric SaylorCovering works by popular figures like Ralph Vaughan Williams and Gustav Holst as well as less familiar English composers, Eric Saylor's pioneering book examines pastoral music's critical, theoretical, and stylistic foundations alongside its creative manifestations in the contexts of Arcadia, war, landscape, and the Utopian imagination. As Saylor shows, pastoral music adapted and transformed established musical and aesthetic conventions that reflected the experiences of British composers and audiences during the early twentieth century. By approaching pastoral music as a cultural phenomenon dependent on time and place, Saylor forcefully challenges the body of critical opinion that has long dismissed it as antiquated, insular, and reactionary.
English Peasant Farming: The Agrarian history of Lincolnshire from Tudor to Recent Times
by Joan ThirskFirst Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
English Poetry Of The First World War
by John H. JohnstonThe author deals with the shock of World War I as it was registered in the work of Rupert Brooke, Siegfried Sassoon, Edmund Blunden, Wilfred Owen, Isaac Rosenberg, Herbert Read, and David Jones. He finds in Read and Jones the culmination of a tendency away from personal lyric response toward formal control and a positive vision.
English Poets in the Late Middle Ages: Chaucer, Langland and Others (Variorum Collected Studies #1002)
by John A. BurrowThis volume brings together a selection of lectures and essays in which J.A. Burrow discusses the work of English poets of the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries: Chaucer, Gower, Langland, and Hoccleve, as well as the anonymous authors of Pearl, Saint Erkenwald, and a pair of metrical romances. Six of the pieces address general issues, with some reference to French and Italian writings ('Autobiographical Poetry in the Middle Ages', for example, or 'The Poet and the Book'); but most of them concentrate on particular English poems, such as Chaucer's Envoy to Scogan, Gower's Confessio Amantis, Langland's Piers Plowman, and Hoccleve's Series. Although some of the essays take account of the poet's life and times ('Chaucer as Petitioner', 'Hoccleve and the 'Court''), most are mainly concerned with the meaning and structure of the poems. What, for example, does the hero of Ipomadon hope to achieve by fighting, as he always does, incognito? Why do the stories in Piers Plowman all peter out so inconclusively? And how can it be that the narrator in Chaucer's Book of the Duchess so persistently fails to understand what he is told?
English Political Culture in the Fifteenth Century
by Michael HicksEnglish Political Culture in the Fifteenth Century is a new and original study of how politics worked in late medieval England, throwing new light on a much-discussed period in English history. Michael Hicks explores the standards, values and principles that motivated contemporary politicians, and the aspirations and interests of both dukes and peasants alike. Hicks argues that the Wars of the Roses did not result from fundamental weaknesses in the political system but from the collision of exceptional circumstances that quickly passed away. Overall, he shows that the era was one of stability and harmony, and that there were effective mechanisms for keeping the peace. Structure and continuities, Hicks argues, were more prominent than change.
English Political Thought: 1603-1644 (Routledge Library Editions: Political Thought and Political Philosophy #1)
by J. W. AllenFirst published in 1938. A study of the political doctrines and events which led to a hardening of lines between the Royalists and the Parliamentarians. "From the March of 1604, when James I met his first Parliament to the assembly of the Long Parliament in November 1640, there was going on a conflict between irreconcilable views concerning the constitution of government in England. It was concerned with what had been and with what was and, necessarily, with what should be." By 1640 the question soon would be "how stable government could ever again be established . . . But the confusion, if it produced little else of value, produced a ferment of thought." And this ferment has had an incalculable effect on the centuries which have followed. Among the many topics discussed, on the basis of firm knowledge and with reasonableness, are the King and the nature of his claim, the parliamentary opposition and its conceptions and the possibility of compromise, the approach to Toleration, Puritanism and the Laudian Church, and the final collapse of government.
English Presbyterianism, 1590-1640
by Polly HaThis book offers an alternative interpretation of pre-Civil War England, challenging the standard narrative that English presbyterianism was successfully extinguished from the late sixteenth century until its prominent public resurgence during the English Civil War. From their emergence in the 1570s, English presbyterians posed a threat to the Church of England, and, in 1592, the English crown arrested the leaders of the presbyterian movement. Ha shows that, during the ensuing half century of apparent silence, English presbyterians remained continually active. They made a concerted effort, for example, to build an alliance with common lawyers against episcopal authority. Yet they also sought to prove the compatibility of their church government with royal supremacy. They agitated for further reformation of the Church of England, but by the early seventeenth century they had contributed to the birth of 'independency' and to puritan appeals to neo-Roman views of liberty.
English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies, 1588-1595: Documents relating to English voyages to the West Indies, from the defeat of the Armada to the last voyage of Sir Francis Drake, including Spanish documents contributed by Irene A. Wright (Hakluyt Society, Second Series #111)
by Kenneth R. AndrewsDocuments, some summarized entirely or in part, relating to twenty-five voyages, drawn mainly from the records of the High Court of Admiralty, with selections from narratives printed by Hakluyt and from a quantity of translations by I.A. Wright of originals (1593-5) in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville intended for a further volume on English West Indies Voyages (see Second Series 66, 71 and 99). The Introduction gives an account of the Court itself and of privateering during the Spanish war and in the West Indies. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of the volume first published in 1959.
English Prose of the Seventeenth Century 1590-1700 (Longman Literature In English Series)
by Roger PooleyThis is the first book-length history of the range of seventeenth-century English prose writing. Roger Pooley's study begins with narrative, ranging from the fiction of Bunyan and Aphra Behn to the biographical and autobiographical work of Aubrey and Pepys. Further sections consider religious prose from the hugely influential Authorised Version to Donne's sermons, the political writing of figures as diverse as Milton, Hobbes, Locke and Marvell, cornucopian texts and the writings of the new scientists from Bacon to Newton. At a time when the boundaries of the `canon' are being increasingly revised, this is not only a major survey of a series of great works of literature, but also a fascinating social history and a guide to understanding the literature of the period as a whole.
English Public Finance: English Government Finance 1485-1558
by Frederick Charles DietzFirst Published in 1964. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
English Radicalism: Volume 5 (Routledge Library Of British Political History)
by S. MaccobyThis is volume 5 of the set ^English Radicalism (1935-1961). Reissuing the epic undertaking of Dr S. Maccoby, these volumes cover the story of English Radicalism from its origins right through to its questionable end. By Combining new sources with the old and often long forgotten, the volumes provide an impressive history of radicalism and shed light on the course of English political development. The six volumes are arranged chronologically from 1762 through to the perceived end of British Radicalism in the mid-twentieth century.
English Radicalism: Volume 6 (Routledge Library Of British Political History)
by S. MaccobyThis is volume 6 of the set ^English Radicalism (1935-1961). Reissuing the epic undertaking of Dr S. Maccoby, these volumes cover the story of English Radicalism from its origins right through to its questionable end. By Combining new sources with the old and often long forgotten, the volumes provide an impressive history of radicalism and shed light on the course of English political development. The six volumes are arranged chronologically from 1762 through to the perceived end of British Radicalism in the mid-twentieth century.
English Radicals and the American Revolution
by Colin BonwickBonwick brings together related elements that have been treated separately on previous occasions--English radicals as personalities, their relations with one another, their connections with Americans; the imperial controversy between England and the colonies; the movement for parliamentary reform in England; and the campaign for civil rights for Dissenters. The study brings fresh meaning to English radicalism and ideas about liberty during the revolutionary era.Originally published 1977.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
English Readers of Catholic Saints: The Printing History of William Caxton’s Golden Legend (Studies in Medieval History and Culture)
by Judy Ann FordIn 1484, William Caxton, the first publisher of English-language books, issued The Golden Legend, a translation of the most well-known collection of saints’ lives in Europe. This study analyzes the molding of the Legenda aurea into a book that powerfully attracted the English market. Modifications included not only illustrations and changes in the arrangement of chapters, but also the addition of lives of British saints and translated excerpts from the Bible, showing an appetite for vernacular scripture and stories about England’s past. The publication history of Caxton’s Golden Legend reveals attitudes towards national identity and piety within the context of English print culture during the half century prior to the Henrician Reformation.
English Rebels and Revolutionaries
by Stephen BasdeoThroughout history brave Englishmen and women have never been afraid to rise up against their unjust rulers and demand their rights. Barely a century has gone by without England being witness to a major uprising against the government of the day, often resulting in a fundamental change to the constitution. This book is a collection of biographies, written by experts in their field, of the lives and deeds of famous English freedom fighters, rebels, and democrats who have had a major impact on history. Featured chapters include the history of Wat Tyler’s Rebellion, when an army of 50,000 people marched to London in 1381 to demand an end to serfdom and the hated poll tax. Alongside Wat Tyler in this pantheon of English revolutionaries is Jack Cade who in 1450 led an angry mob to London to protest against government corruption. There are three chapters on various aspects of the English Civil War, during which the English executed their king. Other rebel heroes featured include Thomas Paine, the great intellectual of the American and French Revolutions; Mary Wollstonecraft, author of The Rights of Woman; Henry Hunt, who, as well as the Chartists after him, campaigned for universal suffrage; William Morris, the visionary designer and socialist thinker; and finally the Suffragettes and Suffragists who fought for women’s voting rights.
English Rural Society, 1200-1350 (Routledge Library Editions: Rural History #14)
by J. Z. TitowThis title, first published in 1969, is concerned with historic documents and their uses, and with a discussion of living standards among the peasants, as it is the author’s belief that any worthwhile discussion is impossible without an understanding of the sources and their limitations. With its emphasis on the controversial and debateable, this book is admirable proof that a study of medieval history is not merely a matter of memorising facts.