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Essays on the Great Depression
by Ben S. BernankeFrom the Nobel Prize–winning economist and former chair of the U.S. Federal Reserve, a landmark book that provides vital lessons for understanding financial crises and their sometimes-catastrophic economic effectsAs chair of the U.S. Federal Reserve during the Global Financial Crisis, Ben Bernanke helped avert a greater financial disaster than the Great Depression. And he did so by drawing directly on what he had learned from years of studying the causes of the economic catastrophe of the 1930s—work for which he was later awarded the Nobel Prize. This influential work is collected in Essays on the Great Depression, an important account of the origins of the Depression and the economic lessons it teaches.
Essays on the Industrial Revolution in Britain (Variorum Collected Studies)
by Sidney PollardThis volume has three main themes. First, there is the concept of the Industrial Revolution and its main characteristics, and the author defends both the term and the notions behind it against attempts to play down their significance. A particular interest is the comparison of what happened to Britain with similar processes in other European countries. The second theme is the set of problems facing the early entrepreneurs and managers. Their difficulties, as pioneers in the economic as well as the social sphere, are often underrated, and are here explored in detail. Last, there is an emphasis on the characteristic feature of industrialisation as a regional phenomenon, and on the significance of particular regions in the entire process. All three themes have called forth extended debate, in which these essays have played an important part.
Essays on the Modern Japanese Church: Christianity in Meiji Japan (Michigan Monograph Series in Japanese Studies #27)
by Aizan YamajiEssays on the Modern Japanese Church (Gendai Nihon kyokai shiron), published in 1906, was the first Japanese-language history of Christianity in Meiji Japan. Yamaji Aizan’s firsthand account describes the reintroduction of Christianity to Japan—its development, rapid expansion, and decline—and its place in the social, political, and intellectual life of the Meiji period. Yamaji’s overall argument is that Christianity played a crucial role in shaping the growth and development of modern Japan. Yamaji was a strong opponent of the government-sponsored “emperor-system ideology,” and through his historical writing he tried to show how Japan had a tradition of tolerance and openness at a time when government-sponsored intellectuals were arguing for greater conformity and submissiveness to the state on the basis of Japanese “national character.” Essays is important not only in terms of religious history but also because it highlights broad trends in the history of Meiji Japan. Introductory chapters explore the significance of the work in terms of the life and thought of its author and its influence on subsequent interpretations of Meiji Christianity.
Essays on the Performance of Baroque Music: Opera and Chamber Music in France and England (Variorum Collected Studies)
by Mary CyrIn this collection of essays Mary Cyr explores some of the written and unwritten performance conventions that applied to French and English music of the 17th and early 18th centuries. Using composers' own notations, marks added by 18th-century performers, historical treatises, and pictorial evidence, she investigates both vocal and instrumental genres, including opera, cantatas, instrumental chamber music, and solo music for the viol and violin. Some of the performance conventions remain controversial, such as the use of gesture by the French opera chorus, and others are still little-known, such as the use of the double bass for rhythmic and harmonic support in early 18th-century French opera. As many of these essays demonstrate, French Baroque music allowed performers a wider latitude of nuance and expression than is often assumed today. The essays in this volume will be of particular interest to scholars and performers who are interested in adopting a historically-informed approach to performing music by Henry Purcell, Élisabeth-Claude Jacquet de La Guerre, Jean-Philippe Rameau, and their contemporaries. Several studies also deal with attributions, sources, and the discovery of a cantata by Rameau.
Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge
by Karl MannheimEssays on the Sociology of Knowledge by Karl Mannheim is a foundational work in the field of sociology, offering profound insights into how human thought, knowledge, and ideology are shaped by social contexts. Originally published in the early 20th century, Mannheim’s essays explore the relationship between knowledge and society, challenging the notion that ideas exist independently of the social environment in which they arise. His work remains essential for students and scholars interested in the sociology of knowledge, philosophy, and political thought.Mannheim argues that all knowledge is socially conditioned, meaning that individuals and groups produce ideas that reflect their specific social position and historical context. He introduces the concept of ideology and utopia—terms that describe, respectively, the ways dominant groups seek to maintain the status quo through their ideas and how marginalized or revolutionary groups generate transformative visions of the future. This dynamic interaction between knowledge, power, and social structure lies at the heart of Mannheim’s analysis.The essays in this collection address key questions about objectivity, the role of intellectuals, and the limits of scientific knowledge in understanding society. Mannheim examines how worldviews, or Weltanschauungen, differ across classes and social groups, demonstrating that no perspective is neutral. Instead, all forms of thought must be seen as part of broader social processes that influence and constrain them.Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge offers readers a way to critically examine how ideas function within society and how individuals can better understand their own thinking as shaped by historical and cultural forces. Mannheim’s insights have had a lasting impact on sociology, philosophy, and political theory, continuing to inform debates on ideology, power, and the nature of truth. This work remains an essential read for those seeking to understand the interplay between knowledge, society, and power.
Essays on the Transformation of India's Agrarian Economy (Routledge Library Editions: British in India #8)
by Chiranjib SenThe central problem to which this book, first published in 1984, is addressed is the transformation of agrarian structure as it historically evolved in India. The term ‘structure’, however, has multiple meanings. The sense in which the term is used refers to the system of production, including the pattern of its composition in terms of micro-units of production, and the social and economic relations by which they are integrated. This concrete analysis and examination of the evidence of Indian agriculture is undertaken from this perspective, and contributes to the theory of agrarian change as well as an interpretation of the development of Indian agriculture.
Essays: The Philosophy Classic (Capstone Classics)
by Michel De MontaigneAn essential companion to the most relevant works of Michel de Montaigne Essays: The Philosophy Classic delivers a carefully curated collection of thought-provoking works by sixteenth-century thinker Michel De Montaigne. Exploring topics as diverse as politics, poetry, love, friendship and the purpose of philosophy, this latest entry in the celebrated Capstone Classics series is accessible and intuitively organized. Follow the thoughts of the person who created the essay genre in literature as he expresses his philosophy, interests, and learning. Throughout, you’ll be guided by an expansive introduction by leading Montaigne scholar Philippe Desan and the comments of series editor Tom Butler-Bowdon, placing the work of Montaigne in its historical and philosophical context. You’ll also find: Celebrated and famous works by Montaigne, including noted classics like “That to Study Philosophy is to Learn to Die” Lesser-known works that have taken on increased importance in the unique context of the 21st-century A version of the popular Charles Cotton translation first published in 1685: a simple, faithful, and clear adaptation of the French originalAn invaluable resource for anyone interested in the insightful and illuminating work of one of the most enduring thinkers of the 16th-century, Essays: The Philosophy Classic is an essential addition to the libraries of philosophers, historians, and laypeople seeking an eye-opening and fascinating exploration of life itself.
Essence and Energies: Being and Naming God in St Gregory Palamas (Routledge Research in Byzantine Studies)
by Tikhon PinoSt. Gregory Palamas (ca. 1296-1357) is among the most well-known and celebrated theologians of late Byzantium. This book provides a comprehensive account of the essence-energies distinction across his twenty-five treatises and letters written over a twenty-year period. An Athonite monk, abbot, and later Metropolitan of Thessalonica, Gregory is remembered especially for his distinction between God’s essence and energies, and his celebrated doctrine still generates a great deal of debate. What does Palamas actually mean by the term ‘energies’? Are they ‘activities’ that God performs, and, if so, how can they be eternal and uncreated? Indeed, how could God be simple if he possesses energies distinct from his essence? Going beyond the Triads and the One Hundred and Fifty Chapters, this book explores Palamas’s answers to these longstanding questions by analysing all of the treatises produced by Palamas between the years 1338 and 1357. It seeks to understand what Palamas means when he speaks of God’s ‘energies,’ how he seeks to prove that they are distinct from the divine essence, and how he explains that this distinction in no way violates the unity and simplicity of the one God in Trinity. Essence and Energies is a useful resource for upper-level undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars interested in Byzantine theology in the fourteenth century.
Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis
by Graham Allison; Philip ZelikowOne of the most influential political science works written in the post World War II era, the original edition of Essence of Decision is a unique and fascinating examination of the pivotal event of the cold Cold War. Not simply revised, but completely re-written, the Second Edition of this classic text is a fresh reinterpretation of the theories and events surrounding the Cuban Missle Crisis, incorporating all new information from the Kennedy tapes and recently declassified Soviet files. Essence of Decision Second Edition, is a vivid look at decision-making under pressure and is the only single volume work that attempts to answer the enduring question: how should citizens understand the actions of their government?
Essence of Indecision
by Patricia I. McmahonTracing Diefenbaker's deliberations over nuclear policy, McMahon shows that Diefenbaker was politically cautious, not indecisive - he wanted to acquire nuclear weapons and understood from public opinion polls that most Canadians supported this position. However, Diefenbaker worried that the growing anti-nuclear movement might sway public opinion sufficiently to undermine his political support. He also feared that Liberal leader Lester Pearson could use the issue for political advantage. As long as Pearson opposed Canada's membership in the nuclear club, he could portray Diefenbaker's government as an irresponsible proponent of nuclear proliferation. Despite these reservations, Diefenbaker was involved in nuclear negotiations with the Americans throughout his tenure as prime minister, and an agreement was within reach on a number of occasions. When, in January 1963, Pearson reversed his position, Diefenbaker felt trapped - in making a clear public statement in favour of nuclear weapons it would appear as though he was merely following his opponent's lead. When Canada acquired nuclear weapons in 1963, it was under the leadership of Pearson, not Diefenbaker.
Essene Book of Everyday Virtues: Spiritual Wisdom From The Dead Sea Scrolls
by Kenneth HansonA handbook of spiritual living for contemporary readers based on the 2000-year-old practices of the Essenes.
Essential Cinema: On the Necessity of Film Canons
by Jonathan RosenbaumIn his astute and deeply informed film reviews and essays, Jonathan Rosenbaum regularly provides new and brilliant insights into the cinema as art, entertainment, and commerce. Guided by a personal canon of great films, Rosenbaum sees, in the ongoing hostility toward the idea of a canon shared by many within the field of film studies, a missed opportunity both to shape the discussion about cinema and to help inform and guide casual and serious filmgoers alike.In Essential Cinema, Rosenbaum forcefully argues that canons of great films are more necessary than ever, given that film culture today is dominated by advertising executives, sixty-second film reviewers, and other players in the Hollywood publicity machine who champion mediocre films at the expense of genuinely imaginative and challenging works. He proposes specific definitions of excellence in film art through the creation a personal canon of both well-known and obscure movies from around the world and suggests ways in which other canons might be similarly constructed.Essential Cinema offers in-depth assessments of an astonishing range of films: established classics such as Rear Window, M, and Greed; ambitious but flawed works like The Thin Red Line and Breaking the Waves; eccentric masterpieces from around the world, including Irma Vep and Archangel; and recent films that have bitterly divided critics and viewers, among them Eyes Wide Shut and A.I. He also explores the careers of such diverse filmmakers as Robert Altman, Raúl Ruiz, Frank Tashlin, Elaine May, Sam Fuller, Terrence Davies, Edward Yang, Hou Hsiao-hsien, and Orson Welles. In conclusion, Rosenbaum offers his own film canon of 1,000 key works from the beginning of cinema to the present day. A cogent and provocative argument about the art of film, Essential Cinema is also a fiercely independent reference book of must-see movies for film lovers everywhere.
Essential Documents in the History of American Higher Education
by John R. ThelinThe thoroughly updated second edition of this dynamic and thoughtful collection focuses on the issues that have shaped American higher education in the past decade.Essential Documents in the History of American Higher Education, designed to be used alongside John R. Thelin's A History of American Higher Education or on its own, presents a rich collection of primary sources that chart the social, intellectual, political, and cultural history of American colleges and universities from the seventeenth century to the present. The documents are organized in sections that parallel the chapters in A History both chronologically and thematically, and sections are introduced with brief headnotes establishing the context for each source.This updated edition of Essential Documents focuses on the issues that have shaped American higher education in the past decade, from congressional investigations into endowments and court cases about paying student-athletes to accounts of campus protests over racial discrimination and adjuncts struggling in the "gig economy." From the successful fund-raising campaigns of 2014 to the closing of campuses because of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, the book also includes• a new tenth chapter, "Prominence and Problems: American Higher Education since 2010," and an updated introduction;• a number of landmark documents, including the charter for the College of Rhode Island (1764), the Morrill Land Grand Act (1862), the GI Bill (1944), and the Knight Commission Report on College Sports (2010); and • lively firsthand accounts by students and teachers that tell what it was like to be a Harvard student in the 1700s, to participate in the campus riots of the 1960s, to be a female college athlete in the 1970s, or to enroll at UCLA as an economically disadvantaged Latina in the 1990s.Thelin even stretches the usual bounds of documentary sources, incorporating popular pieces by Robert Benchley and James Thurber on their own college days as well as an excerpt from Groucho Marx's screwball film Horse Feathers. What emerges is a complex and nuanced collection that reflects the richness of more than three centuries of American higher education.
Essential Documents of American History, Volume I: From Colonial Times to the Civil War (Dover Thrift Editions)
by Bob BlaisdellThis compact volume offers a broad selection of the most important documents in American history: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Emancipation Proclamation as well as presidential speeches, Supreme Court decisions, Acts and Declarations of Congress, essays, letters, and much more. The compilation of more than 150 documents, dating from 1606 to 1865, starts with the First Charter of Virginia, issued by King James I, and concludes with the abolition of slavery, as stated in the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Many of the selections recapture the voices of great Americans, from Powhatan's speech to Captain John Smith at Jamestown and the Pilgrims' Mayflower Compact to Benjamin Franklin's Plan of Union, Tecumseh's address to the Choctaws and Chickasaws, Frederick Douglass' "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?", and several orations by Abraham Lincoln. Brief introductions to each document place the works in historical context.
Essential Documents of American History, Volume II: From Reconstruction to the Twenty-first Century
by Bob BlaisdellThis compact volume offers a broad selection of the most important documents in American history: the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which ratified women's right to vote; the Supreme Court's decision on Brown v. Board of Education; and the "Heroism and Horror" portion of the 9/11 Commission Report; as well as presidential speeches, Acts and Declarations of Congress, essays, letters, and much more.The compilation of more than 70 documents opens with nineteenth-century speeches by Red Cloud ("The Great Spirit Made Us Both") and Chief Joseph ("I Will Fight No More Forever") and concludes with the election night speech by Senator Barack Obama on November 4, 2008. Many of the selections recapture the voices of great Americans, from Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech to Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1941 "The Four Freedoms" State of the Union Message, the Apollo 11 astronaut narratives from the moon, and addresses by Susan B. Anthony, John Muir, Margaret Sanger, William Jennings Bryan, and many others. Brief introductions to each document place the works in historical context.
Essential Gnostic Scriptures
by Willis Barnstone Marvin MeyerThe people we've come to call gnostics were passionate advocates of the view that salvation comes through knowledge and personal experience, and their passion shines through in the remarkable body of writings they produced over a period of more than a millennium and a half. Willis Barnstone and Marvin Meyer have created a translation that brings the gnostic voices to us from across the centuries with remarkable power and beauty--beginning with texts from the earliest years of Christianity--including material from the Nag Hammadi library--and continuing all the way up to expressions of gnostic wisdom found within Islam and in the Cathar movement of the Middle Ages. The twenty-one texts included here serve as a compact introduction to Gnosticism and its principal ideas--and they also provide an entrée to the pleasures of gnostic literature in general, representing, as they do, the greatest masterpieces of that tradition.
Essential Goals in World Politics
by Jisi WangThis book presents a unique effort to apply political philosophy to realities of the world. Among numerous objectives that states, politicians, and individuals try to reach, some are vague, like power, interest, and happiness. Some others, like democracy, order, and rule of law, are ways and means to serve more fundamental purposes. While national reunification is seen as prerequisite on the political agenda of the People’s Republic of China and both South and North Koreas, and religious purity is regarded as essential to many Muslim communities, these are not universally accepted principal goals in the world. The author identifies and defines security, wealth, faith, justice, and freedom as five ultimate goals in world politics and explains why they are central. Without jargons and using many cases in China and other countries, the author illustrates that different countries at different times have varied priorities in their national politics, but they must provide security, sustain economic growth, set up a value system, maintain social justice, and secure personal freedom for their citizens. Although the world today has been relatively peaceful and accumulated much more wealth as compared to the past centuries, vacuums of faith and morality, conflicting beliefs, and lack of social justice are threatening mankind. In theory, the five ultimate goals should be reached simultaneously and reinforce each other. However, in practice they are often in contradiction. For example, national security might be strengthened at the expense of prosperity, and industrialization for economic growth has sacrificed nontraditional security interests such as the environment. The accumulation of wealth often results in its unequal distribution and grievances about injustice, and freedom and equality are regarded by some political thinkers as “natural enemies” to each other. A virtuous state should be able to reach all the five goals, while a bad state may not have even one of them. Looking around the world today, Denmark in Europe and Japan in Asia are closer to a virtuous state than most other countries despite their own deficiencies, but they are generally homogeneous in terms of ethnicity and culture. Singapore, with its ethnic diversity, has to limit freedom to obtain other goals. This book compares the development paths of China, the United States, and some other countries to demonstrate their advantages and disadvantages in becoming a better polity.
Essential Israel: Essays for the 21st Century (Perspectives on Israel Studies)
by Gil Troy Michael Brenner David Ellenson Maoz Azaryahu Alan Dowty Donna Robinson Divine Yaakov Ariel Rachel S. Harris Ranen Omer-Sherman David Makovsky Arnon Golan Yedidia Stern Steven Bayme Norman Stillman&“An excellent tool in Middle Eastern politics classes [and] an intellectual resource for experts who want to learn more about the complexities of Israel.&”—Reading Religion Americans debate constantly about Israel, its place in the Middle East, and its relations with the United States. Essential Israel examines a wide variety of complex issues and current concerns in historical and contemporary contexts to provide readers with an intimate sense of the dynamic society and culture that is Israel today, providing a broader and deeper understanding to inform the conversation. The expert contributors to this volume address the Arab-Israeli conflict, the state of diplomatic efforts to bring about peace, Zionism and the impact of the Holocaust, the status of the Jewish state and Israeli democracy, foreign relations, immigration and Israeli identity, as well as literature, film, and the other arts. This unique and innovative volume provides solid grounding to understandings of Israel&’s history, politics, culture, and possibilities for the future.
Essential Native Wisdom (Essential Wisdom)
by Carol Kelly-GangiQuotations from Sitting Bull, Wilma Mankiller, N. Scott Momaday, and many more.Essential Native Wisdom gathers hundreds of powerful quotations from an extraordinary group of people from the mid-1700s to the present day. There are excerpts from political and spiritual leaders; writers and poets; activists and artists; warriors and statesmen; scholars and historians; actors and athletes; and musicians and orators. It’s a wide-ranging collection that is enlightening and engaging—and provides a testament to the spirit of strength, endurance, and hope. Sitting Bull eloquently reveals the devastating hardship his people endured at the hands of the white leaders who sought to destroy their way of lifeWinona LaDuke vividly recalls traditions from her people, passed down from generation to generationElizabeth Peratrovich speaks passionately about the freedoms that are guaranteed to Native people under the Bill of Rights, and more
Essential Psychology
by Philip Banyard Christine Norman Gayle Dillon Belinda WinderEssential Psychology provides a thorough and accessible introduction to the field of psychology. Written by a team of expert authors, this book warmly welcomes you to all the areas covered on British Psychological Society accredited degree courses. It includes chapters focused on evolution, memory, thinking and reasoning, motivation and emotion, development, and personality. New to this Fourth Edition are two chapters which focus on racism in psychology and LGBTQ+ psychology. It applies psychological theory to the real world, and includes a wealth of learning features to support your learning, including critical reflections and discussion questions that nurture creative thinking beyond the syllabus. This is the ideal introductory textbook for undergraduate students of psychology and those undertaking a Master′s conversion course in psychology.
Essential Psychology
by Philip Banyard Christine Norman Gayle Dillon Belinda WinderEssential Psychology provides a thorough and accessible introduction to the field of psychology. Written by a team of expert authors, this book warmly welcomes you to all the areas covered on British Psychological Society accredited degree courses. It includes chapters focused on evolution, memory, thinking and reasoning, motivation and emotion, development, and personality. New to this Fourth Edition are two chapters which focus on racism in psychology and LGBTQ+ psychology. It applies psychological theory to the real world, and includes a wealth of learning features to support your learning, including critical reflections and discussion questions that nurture creative thinking beyond the syllabus. This is the ideal introductory textbook for undergraduate students of psychology and those undertaking a Master′s conversion course in psychology.
Essential Quotes for Scientists and Engineers
by Konstantin K. LikharevThis book brings together about 2,500 quotations on various topics of interest to scientists and engineers, including students of STEM disciplines. Careful curation of the material by the editor provides the reader with far greater value than can be obtained by searching the internet.The quotes have been selected for various attributes including: importance of topic, depth of insight, and - not least - wit, with many of them satisfying all these criteria. To make sequential reading of the quotes more engaging, they are grouped into broad topical sections, and the entries within each section are organized thematically, forming quasi-continuous narrative threads. The text and authorship of each quote have been carefully verified, and the most popular cases of misquotation and misattribution are noted. The book represents a valuable resource for those writing science and engineering articles as well as being a joy to read in its own right.
Essential Readings in Medicine & Religion
by Gary B. Ferngren Ekaterina N. Lomperis“[A] useful, well-edited anthology of important texts in the history of the intersection of religion and medicine.” —Warren Kinghorn, MD, ThD, Duke University Medical Center and Duke Divinity SchoolGary B. Ferngren and Ekaterina N. Lomperis have gathered a rich collection of annotated primary sources that illustrate the intersection of medicine and religion. Intended as a companion volume to Ferngren’s classic Medicine and Religion, which traces the history of the relationship of medicine to religion in the Western world from the earliest ancient Near Eastern societies to the twenty-first century, this useful and extensive sourcebook places each key document in historical context.Drawing from more than 160 texts, the book explores a number of themes, including concepts of health, the causes and cure of disease, medical ethics, theodicy, beneficence, religious healing, consolation, and death and dying. Each chapter begins with an introduction that furnishes a basic historical setting for the period covered. Modern translations, some of which have been made especially for this volume, are used whenever possible. The texts are numbered sequentially within each chapter and preceded by a short introduction to both the author and the subject.Touching on Mesopotamia, Egypt, Israel, Greece, Rome, the European Middle Ages, Islam, early modern Europe, and the modern era, Essential Readings in Medicine and Religion brings a wide range of sources together to expand on the crucial lessons of Medicine and Religion. This book is a useful introduction for all students of history, divinity, medicine, and health.
Essential Readings in Medicine and Religion
by Gary B. Ferngren Ekaterina N. LomperisAn indispensible collection of sources chronicling the relationship between medicine and religion from ancient to modern times.Gary B. Ferngren and Ekaterina N. Lomperis have gathered a rich collection of annotated primary sources that illustrate the intersection of medicine and religion. Intended as a companion volume to Ferngren’s classic Medicine and Religion, which traces the history of the relationship of medicine to religion in the Western world from the earliest ancient Near Eastern societies to the twenty-first century, this useful and extensive sourcebook places each key document in historical context.Drawing from more than 160 texts, the book explores a number of themes, including concepts of health, the causes and cure of disease, medical ethics, theodicy, beneficence, religious healing, consolation, and death and dying. Each chapter begins with an introduction that furnishes a basic historical setting for the period covered. Modern translations, some of which have been made especially for this volume, are used whenever possible. The texts are numbered sequentially within each chapter and preceded by a short introduction to both the author and the subject.Touching on Mesopotamia, Egypt, Israel, Greece, Rome, the European Middle Ages, Islam, early modern Europe, and the modern era, Essential Readings in Medicine and Religion brings a wide range of sources together to expand on the crucial lessons of Medicine and Religion. This book is a useful introduction for all students of history, divinity, medicine, and health.
Essential Readings in Social Problems
by Yawo BessaThis book provides students with a collection of engaging and thought-provoking articles that deepen their understanding of the topics and themes discussed within courses that address social issues. The anthology is organized into six distinct units. The opening unit introduces readers to the concept of the sociological imagination, which allows individuals to make connections between social structures and individual conditions to formulate social theories. In Unit 2, the readings examine the destructive nature of inequality, causes of poverty, issues related to gender inequality, and more. Unit 3 focuses on the concept of deviance and how it applies to sexuality and crime. Units 4 and 5 explore the relationship between race, ethnicity, white privilege, and social problems, and the intersection of human health and environmental problems. Dedicated readings address the social construction of race, biodiversity, and more. Unit 6, the final unit, offers readers a variety of proposed solutions for social problems with an emphasis on social movements to combat economic inequality, increasing authoritarianism, and ecological crises. Designed to stimulate critical thought, Essential Readings in Social Problems is an ideal supplementary text for courses in sociology and any other course that explores social challenges.