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Ideas for the Ice Age: Studies in a Revolutionary Era
by Max LernerIdeas for the Ice Age is a companion volume to Max Lerner's classic work Ideas Are Weapons. Both were written mostly in the 1930s, as products of a period when the democratic idea was under heavy siege from totalitarian ideologies of the right and left., In its focus, Ideas for the Ice Age is a study of the task of democracy in a revolutionary era, an enterprise that has taken on new urgency in the post-Communist world. For Lerner this task comprises four aspects around which the book is organized: the task of winning the future for American democracy, and planning its organization; the problem of selecting out those elements of a usable past which, when strengthened and extended, can assure a livable future; the problem of acting decisively in moments of international crisis; and the problem of strengthening democracy at home and completing its unfinished business., Within this framework, Lerner selects ideas and personalities that have decisively shaped the modern mind. The selections have lost none of their original timeliness. Among the wide range of figures considered here are Machiavelli, Franz Kafka, Randolph Bourne, Harold Laski, John Strachey. and Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes. Lerner reflects as well on the offices, institutions, and constitutional questions of American democracy in moments of historical crisis. For a new generation of readers, this gallery of thinkers will be essential reading, a must for students of American studies, the history of ideas, and political theory.
Ideas for the Philosophy of the History of Mankind
by Johann Gottfried HerderOne of the most important works of the Enlightenment—in the first new, unabridged English translation in more than two centuriesPublished in four volumes between 1784 and 1791, Herder’s Ideas for the Philosophy of the History of Mankind is one of the most important works of the Enlightenment—a bold, original, and encyclopedic synthesis of, and contribution to, the era’s philosophical debates over nature, history, culture, and the very meaning of human experience. This is the first new, unabridged English translation of the Ideas in more than two centuries. Gregory Martin Moore’s lively, modern English text, extensive introduction, and commentary bring this neglected masterpiece back to life.The Ideas—which engages with many of the leading thinkers of the eighteenth century, such as Montesquieu, Kant, Gibbon, Ferguson, Buffon, and Rousseau—is many things at once: an inquiry into the unity and purpose of history, a reflection on human nature and the place of humans in the cosmic order, an examination of what was beginning to be called “culture,” and a narrative of cultural progress across time among different peoples. Along the way, Herder considers a dizzying variety of topics, including the formation of the earth and solar system, species change, race, the immortality of the soul, the establishment of society, and the pursuit of happiness. Above all, the Ideas is an anthropology—what Alexander Pope had termed an “essay on man”—pervaded by an appropriately humane spirit.A fresh and much-needed modern translation of the complete Ideas, this volume reintroduces English readers to a classic of Enlightenment thought.
Ideas in Context: Ancient Wisdom in the Age of the New Science
by Dmitri LevitinSeventeenth-century England has long been heralded as the birthplace of a so-called 'new' philosophy. Yet what contemporaries might have understood by 'old' philosophy has been little appreciated. In this book Dmitri Levitin examines English attitudes to ancient philosophy in unprecedented depth, demonstrating the centrality of engagement with the history of philosophy to almost all educated persons, whether scholars, clerics, or philosophers themselves, and aligning English intellectual culture closely to that of continental Europe. Drawing on a vast array of sources, Levitin challenges the assumption that interest in ancient ideas was limited to out-of-date 'ancients' or was in some sense 'pre-enlightened'; indeed, much of the intellectual justification for the new philosophy came from re-writing its history. At the same time, the deep investment of English scholars in pioneering forms of late humanist erudition led them to develop some of the most innovative narratives of ancient philosophy in early modern Europe.
Ideas in Context: Enlightenment and Utility
by Emmanuelle De ChampsJeremy Bentham, the founder of classical utilitarianism, was a seminal figure in the history of modern political thought. This lively monograph presents the numerous French connections of an emblematic British thinker. Perhaps more than any other intellectual of his time, Bentham engaged with contemporary events and people in France, even writing in French in the 1780s. Placing Bentham's thought in the context of the French-language Enlightenment through to the post-Revolutionary era, Emmanuelle de Champs makes the case for a historical study of 'Global Bentham'. Examining previously unpublished sources, she traces the circulation of Bentham's letters, friends, manuscripts, and books in the French-speaking world. This study in transnational intellectual history reveals how utilitarianism, as a doctrine, was both the product of, and a contribution to, French-language political thought at a key time in European history. The debates surrounding utilitarianism in France cast new light on the making of modern Liberalism.
Ideas in Context: Italian Renaissance Humanism in the Mirror
by Patrick BakerThis important study takes a new approach to understanding Italian Renaissance humanism, based not on scholarly paradigms or philosophical concepts but on a neglected yet indispensable perspective: the humanists' understanding of themselves. Through a series of close textual studies, Patrick Baker excavates what humanists thought was important about humanism, how they viewed their own history, what goals they enunciated, what triumphs they celebrated - in short, he attempts to reconstruct humanist identity. What emerges is a small, coherent community dedicated primarily not to political ideology, a philosophy of man, an educational ethos, or moral improvement, but rather to the pursuit of classical Latin eloquence. Grasping the significance this stylistic ideal had for the humanists is essential to understanding both their sense of themselves and the importance they and others attached to their movement. For eloquence was no mere aesthetic affair but rather appeared to them as the guarantor of civilisation itself.
Ideas in Context: Religion and Morality in Enlightenment Germany and Scotland (Ideas in Context)
by Simon GroteBroad in its geographic scope and yet grounded in original archival research, this book situates the inception of modern aesthetic theory - the philosophical analysis of art and beauty - in theological contexts that are crucial to explaining why it arose. Simon Grote presents seminal aesthetic theories of the German and Scottish Enlightenments as outgrowths of a quintessentially Enlightenment project: the search for a natural 'foundation of morality' and a means of helping naturally self-interested human beings transcend their own self-interest. This conclusion represents an important alternative to the standard history of aesthetics as a series of preludes to the achievements of Immanuel Kant, as well as a reinterpretation of several canonical figures in the German and Scottish Enlightenments. It also offers a foundation for a transnational history of the Enlightenment without the French philosophes at its centre, while solidly endorsing historians' growing reluctance to call the Enlightenment a secularising movement.
Ideas in Context: The Crisis of German Historicism
by Liisi KeedusHannah Arendt and Leo Strauss - two major political thinkers of the twentieth century, both of German-Jewish background and forced into exile in America - were never friends or intellectual interlocutors. Yet they shared a radical critique of contemporary idioms of politically oriented discourses and a lifelong effort to modify reflective approaches to political experience. Liisi Keedus reveals how Arendt's and Strauss's thinking about political modernity was the product of a common intellectual formation in Weimar Germany, by examining the cross-disciplinary debates guiding their early work. Through a historical reconstruction of their shared interrogative horizons - comprising questions regarding the possibility of an ethically engaged political philosophy after two world wars, the political fate of Jewry, the implications of modern conceptions of freedom, and the relation between theoria and praxis - Keedus unravels striking similarities, as well as genuine antagonisms, between the two thinkers.
Ideas in Context: The Italian Renaissance in the German Historical Imagination, 1860–1930
by Martin A. RuehlTowards the end of the nineteenth century, Germany's bourgeois elites became enthralled by the civilization of Renaissance Italy. As their own country entered a phase of critical socioeconomic changes, German historians and writers reinvented the Italian Renaissance as the onset of a heroic modernity: a glorious dawn that ushered in an age of secular individualism, imbued with ruthless vitality and a neo-pagan zest for beauty. The Italian Renaissance in the German Historical Imagination is the first comprehensive account of the debates that shaped the German idea of the Renaissance in the seven decades following Jacob Burckhardt's seminal study of 1860. Based on a wealth of archival material and enhanced by more than a hundred illustrations, it provides a new perspective on the historical thought of Imperial and Weimar Germany and the formation of a concept that is still with us today.
Ideas in Context: The Scottish Enlightenment and the French Revolution
by Anna PlassartHistorians of ideas have traditionally discussed the significance of the French Revolution through the prism of several major interpretations, including the commentaries of Burke, Tocqueville and Marx. This book argues that the Scottish Enlightenment offered an alternative and equally powerful interpretative framework for the Revolution, which focused on the transformation of the polite, civilised moeurs that had defined the 'modernity' analysed by Hume and Smith in the eighteenth century. The Scots observed what they understood as a military- and democracy-led transformation of European modern morals and concluded that the real historical significance of the Revolution lay in the transformation of warfare, national feelings and relations between states, war and commerce that characterised the post-revolutionary international order. This book recovers the Scottish philosophers' powerful discussion of the nature of post-revolutionary modernity and shows that it is essential to our understanding of nineteenth-century political thought.
Ideas in Context: The World of Mr Casaubon
by Colin KiddThe World of Mr Casaubon takes as its point of departure a fictional character - Mr Casaubon in George Eliot's classic novel, Middlemarch. The author of an unfinished 'Key to All Mythologies', Casaubon has become an icon of obscurantism, irrelevance and futility. Crossing conventional disciplinary boundaries, Colin Kidd excavates Casaubon's hinterland, and illuminates the fierce ideological war which raged over the use of pagan myths to defend Christianity from the existential threat posed by radical Enlightenment criticism. Notwithstanding Eliot's portrayal of Casaubon, Anglican mythographers were far from unworldly, and actively rebutted the radical freethinking associated with the Enlightenment and French Revolution. Orientalism was a major theatre in this ideological conflict, and mythography also played an indirect but influential role in framing the new science of anthropology. The World of Mr Casaubon is rich in interdisciplinary twists and ironies, and paints a vivid picture of the intellectual world of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain.
Ideas in the History of Economic Development: The Case of Peripheral Countries (Routledge Studies in the History of Economics)
by Estrella Trincado Andrés Lazzarini Denis MelnikThis edited volume examines the relationship between economic ideas, economic policies and development institutions, analysing the cases of 11 peripheral countries in Europe, Latin America and Asia across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It sheds light on the obstacles that have prevented the sustained economic growth of these countries and examines the origins of national and regional approaches to development. The chapters present a fascinating insight into the ideas and visions in the different locations, with the overarching categories of economic nationalism and economic liberalism and how they have influenced development outcomes. This book will be valuable reading for advanced students and researchers of development economics, the history of economic thought and economic history.
Ideas in the Medieval West: Texts and Their Contexts (Variorum Collected Studies)
by Valerie I.J. FlintWithout denying the real importance of the more ’traditional’ tasks of a historian of ideas or scholar of literature - the edition of a text and research into its sources and influence - Professor Flint’s objective has been to look sideways from the texts, so into the society to which their authors belonged. Her conviction is that no text, and so no idea to which it gave flight, can be properly understood unless it is placed firmly within its immediate historical context, including, of course, consideration of the patrons who bore the expense of producing such works. Within this framework, the author’s attention is directed above all at the ’Christian propaganda’ - the messages a pastor strove to impart - of the 11th-12th centuries, and the reactions discernable within these to Judaism and, even more, - evident even in scientific treatises - to the continued vitality of pagan beliefs and superstitions.
Ideas into Politics: Aspects of European History 1880- 1950 (Routledge Revivals)
by R. J. Bullen H. Pogge von Strandmann A. B. PolonskyFirst Published in 1984, Ideas into Politics contains new and exciting research on the ideologies that have shaped twentieth century Europe. It presents a rich spectrum of work, looking at reactionary and progressive ideas, at popular and official ideas, and at culture, artists, scholars and political thought. It examines the content of ideologies and how they were translated into political activity and explore ideas and politics in all the major countries of Europe, and takes into consideration the most important ideas from North America. This is an interesting read for scholars and researchers of modern history, political history, European history and history in general.
Ideas of Liberty in Early Modern Europe
by Hilary GattiEurope's long sixteenth century--a period spanning the years roughly from the voyages of Columbus in the 1490s to the English Civil War in the 1640s--was an era of power struggles between avaricious and unscrupulous princes, inquisitions and torture chambers, and religious differences of ever more violent fervor. Ideas of Liberty in Early Modern Europe argues that this turbulent age also laid the conceptual foundations of our modern ideas about liberty, justice, and democracy.Hilary Gatti shows how these ideas emerged in response to the often-violent entrenchment of monarchical power and the fragmentation of religious authority, against the backdrop of the westward advance of Islam and the discovery of the New World. She looks at Machiavelli's defense of republican political liberty, and traces how liberty became intertwined with free will and religious pluralism in the writings of Luther, Erasmus, Jean Bodin, and Giordano Bruno. She examines how the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre and the clash of science and religion gave rise to concepts of liberty as freedom of thought and expression. Returning to Machiavelli and moving on to Jacques Auguste de Thou, Paolo Sarpi, and Milton, Gatti delves into debates about the roles of parliamentary government and a free press in guaranteeing liberties.Drawing on a breadth of canonical and lesser-known writings, Ideas of Liberty in Early Modern Europe reveals how an era stricken by war and injustice gave birth to a more enlightened world.
Ideas of Power in the Late Middle Ages, 1296–1417
by Joseph CanningThrough a focused and systematic examination of late medieval scholastic writers - theologians, philosophers and jurists - Joseph Canning explores how ideas about power and legitimate authority were developed over the 'long fourteenth century'. The author provides a new model for understanding late medieval political thought, taking full account of the intensive engagement with political reality characteristic of writers in this period. He argues that they used Aristotelian and Augustinian ideas to develop radically new approaches to power and authority, especially in response to political and religious crises. The book examines the disputes between King Philip IV of France and Pope Boniface VIII and draws upon the writings of Dante Alighieri, Marsilius of Padua, William of Ockham, Bartolus, Baldus and John Wyclif to demonstrate the variety of forms of discourse used in the period. It focuses on the most fundamental problem in the history of political thought - where does legitimate authority lie?
Ideas to Die For: The Cosmopolitan Challenge
by Giles GunnCosmopolitanism and Its Discontents seeks to address the kinds of challenges that cosmopolitan perspectives and practices face in a world organized increasingly in relation to a proliferating series of global absolutisms – religious, political, social, and economic. While these challenges are often used to support the claim that cosmopolitanism is impotent to resist such totalizing ideologies because it is either a Western conceit or a globalist fiction, Gunn argues that cosmopolitanism is neither. Situating his discussion in an emphatically global context, Gunn shows how cosmopolitanism has been effective in resisting such essentialisms and authoritarianisms precisely because it is more pragmatic than prescriptive, more self-critical than self-interested and finds several of its foremost recent expressions in the work of an Indian philosopher, a Palestinian writer, and South African story-tellers. This kind of cosmopolitanism offers a genuine ethical alternative to the politics of dogmatism and extremism because it is grounded on a new delineation of the human and opens toward a new, indeed, an "other," humanism.
Ideas&Ideals North Euro Renais
by YatesFirst published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Ideas, Institutions, and the Politics of Schools in Postwar Britain and Germany (Palgrave Studies in the History of Childhood)
by Gregory BaldiThis book addresses one the most contentious issues of postwar Western Europe, namely the organization of the primary and secondary stages of schooling in state education systems. In examining the politics of continuity and change in postwar schooling in Britain and the Federal Republic Germany, Gregory Baldi seeks to contribute to more general understandings of education’s place in the welfare state, the development of social institutions, and the relationship between material and ideational factors in shaping political outcomes over time.
Ideas: A History
by Peter WatsonA highly ambitious and lucid history of ideas from the very earliest times to the present day.In this hugely ambitious and exciting book Peter Watson tells the history of ideas from prehistory to the present day, leading to a new way of telling the history of the world. The book begins over a million years ago with a discussion of how the earliest ideas might have originated. Looking at animal behaviour that appears to require some thought: tool-making, territoriality, counting, language (or at least sounds), pairbonding. Peter Watson moves on to the apeman and the development of simple ideas such as cooking, the earliest language, the emergence of family life. All the obvious areas are tackled: the Ancient Greeks, Christian theology, the ideas of Jesus, astrological thought, the soul, the self, beliefs about the heavens, the ideas of Islam, the Crusades, humanism, the Renaissance, Gutenberg and the book, the scientific revolution, the age of discovery, Shakespeare, the idea of Revolution, the Romantic imagination, Darwin, imperialism, modernism, Freud right up to the present day and the internet.
Ideas: A History
by Peter WatsonA highly ambitious and lucid history of ideas from the very earliest times to the present day.In this hugely ambitious and exciting book Peter Watson tells the history of ideas from prehistory to the present day, leading to a new way of telling the history of the world. The book begins over a million years ago with a discussion of how the earliest ideas might have originated. Looking at animal behaviour that appears to require some thought: tool-making, territoriality, counting, language (or at least sounds), pairbonding. Peter Watson moves on to the apeman and the development of simple ideas such as cooking, the earliest language, the emergence of family life. All the obvious areas are tackled: the Ancient Greeks, Christian theology, the ideas of Jesus, astrological thought, the soul, the self, beliefs about the heavens, the ideas of Islam, the Crusades, humanism, the Renaissance, Gutenberg and the book, the scientific revolution, the age of discovery, Shakespeare, the idea of Revolution, the Romantic imagination, Darwin, imperialism, modernism, Freud right up to the present day and the internet.
Ideas: A History of Thought and Invention, from Fire to Freud
by Peter WatsonThe acclaimed author of The German Genius presents a sweeping intellectual historian of human civilization: “[An] extraordinary book” (Sunday Telegraph, UK).In Ideas, Peter Watson has undertaken a hugely ambitious study, charting the evolution of human history from deep antiquity to the present day through the lens of intellectual development. Here is the grand story of human thought from the invention of writing, mathematics, science, and philosophy to the rise of such concepts as the law, sacrifice, democracy, and the soul. Impassioned and erudite, Ideas offers an illuminated path to a greater understanding of our world and ourselves.“This is a grand book . . . The history of ideas deserves treatment on this scale.” —Felipe Fernandez-Armesto, Evening Standard (London)
Ideas: General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology (Routledge Classics Ser.)
by Edmund HusserlThis is Volume X of twenty-two in a collection of works on 20th Century Philosophy in the Library of Philosophy which was designed as a contribution to the History of Modern Philosophy under the heads: first of Different Schools of Thought-Sensationalist, Realist, Idealist, Intuitivist; secondly of different Subjects-Psychology, Ethics, Political Philosophy, Theology. Originally published in 1932, this volume offers a general introduction to pure phenomenology.
Ideengeschichte als Provokation: Schriften zum politischen Denken
by Walter Reese-SchäferIdeengeschichte ist die Grundlage jeder Ideenpolitik. Sie ist nur interessant durch ihren grundsätzlichen Gegenwartsbezug. Ideen können gefährlich sein, denn sie haben Konsequenzen, wenn sie die Wahrnehmungen leiten. Darin liegt eine der großen Provokationen. Ideen haben eine weltgestaltende Energetik. Dadurch sind sie alles andere als bloße Derivate. In der Ideengeschichte haben wir es immer auch mit der Politik selbst zu tun, wie sie uns in der Empirie der Texte gegenübertritt. Politische Ideen und Begriffe wie Reform, Anarchie oder Heimat leiten überhaupt erst die Auswahl der Fakten und Belege, die dann mit diversen Methoden erfasst werden können. Da die Ideengeschichte auf der Materialseite vorwiegend mit Texten arbeitet, provoziert sie den Unwillen jener, die glauben, einen unmittelbareren, nämlich dinglicheren oder archäologischen Wirklichkeitszugang bereitstellen zu können. Ideengeschichte ist im Gegensatz dazu als Primärwissenschaft zu betrachten, die den fleißigen Sozialwissenschaftlern erst ihre Leitkategorien liefert, die dann in der praktischen Forschung meist sehr viel gröber und trivialer verwendet werden als in der primären Textgestalt. Sie ist damit das Gegenteil einer bloß archivalischen Sammlung vergangener Meinungen. Die relative Unmittelbarkeit des Textfundus ist zugleich immer eine Herausforderung gegen ein Priestertum des elitären Zugriffs. Natürlich gibt es immer wieder neue Ideen. Das wird aber erst erkennbar vor dem Kontext und Hintergrund alles Übrigen. Auf diese Weise kann Ideengeschichte auch eine allzu zeitgebundene Selbstüberschätzung erschüttern und so ein Gegengewicht bieten gegen modisches opinion mainstreaming. Ideengeschichte ist keine bloße Nebentätigkeit des politischen Geistes, sondern sie muss eine Zentralstellung im politischen Denken beanspruchen.
Ideengeschichte der BWL: ABWL, Organisation, Personal, Rechnungswesen und Steuern
by Wolfgang Weber Wenzel MatiaskeDieses Buch erläutert und entwickelt das Profil der Betriebswirtschaftslehre weiter und liefert wichtige Beiträge zur Ideengeschichte der Betriebswirtschaftslehre. Das Buch konzentriert sich dabei insbesondere auf die Gebiete Organisation, Personal, Rechnungswesen, Steuern und Allgemeine Betriebswirtschaftslehre. Gegenwärtig zeichnet sich die Möglichkeit ab, dass sich die fachlichen Teilgebiete der Betriebswirtschaftslehre verselbständigen. Dazu trägt auch, aber nicht nur, das mittlerweile weltweit dominierende angelsächsische Verständnis des Faches bei, das durch eine weitgehende Zersplitterung der betriebswirtschaftlichen Teilgebiete gekennzeichnet werden kann. In der deutschsprachigen Betriebswirtschaftslehre besteht deshalb seit einigen Jahren das wieder entfachte Interesse und Bemühen, wichtige Beiträge zu der Ideengeschichte der Betriebswirtschaftslehre und den Wurzeln des Faches in das wissenschaftliche Bewusstsein zu rücken. Dieses Buch leistet dazu einen wichtigen Beitrag. Die Autoren identifizieren und diskutieren markante Ideen und Beiträge zur Entwicklung des Faches. Neben dem Blick zurück wird auch der aktuelle Zustand des Faches betrachtet. Auf dieser Grundlage werden denkbare weitere Entwicklungslinien von den Autoren abgeleitet.
Identification of Firearms: From Ammunition Fired Therein With an Analysis of Legal Authorities
by Jack Gunther Charles GuntherThe 1930s was a decade that provided impressive breakthroughs in the field of forensic ballistics, or firearms identification. Following the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre of 1929, where ballistic expert Calvin Goddard’s testimony brought attention to the relatively new field, several forensic ballistic books were published. Among these were Burrard’s The Identification of Firearms and Forensic Ballistics and Hatcher’s Textbook of Firearms Investigations, Identification, and Evidence. Burrard introduced forensic examination to the British judicial system; Hatcher applied his considerable knowledge of firearms and ammunition to weapons’ design, manufacture, and testing. Gunthers’ The Identification of Firearms combined the approaches of these volumes into a new book that emphasized both the painstaking scientific methodology vital to firearms identification, complete with ballistics photographs, and its practical use by analyses of several legal cases where firearms identification was used. These include the infamous Sacco-Vanzetti case, the first in American legal history where forensic ballistics played a very prominent role in courtroom proceedings. The Gunther brothers utilized their respective legal and military experience to provide a comprehensive reference volume that is noteworthy for those interested in law enforcement or ballistics as well as gun enthusiasts.