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Compositionality, Context and Semantic Values: Essays in Honour of Ernie Lepore (Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy #85)
by Robert J. Stainton Christopher VigerAre natural languages genuinely compositional? What roles does context play in linguistic communication, and by what means? In particular, does context interfere with the compositional determination of truth conditions? What meanings should theorists assign to sentences if compositionality is to be retained? These are the central questions of this important volume of new philosophical essays in honour of Ernie Lepore.
Compound Cinematics
by Shinobu HashimotoAny list of Japan's greatest screenplay writers would feature Shinobu Hashimoto at or near the top. This memoir, focusing on his collaborations with Akira Kurosawa, a gifted scenarist in his own right, offers indispenable insider account for fans and students of the director's oeuvre and invaluable insights into the unique process that is writing for the screen. The vast majority of Kurosawa works were filmed from screenplays that the director co-wrote with a stable of steller writers, many of whom he discovered himself with his sharp eye for all things cinematic. Among these was Hashimoto, who caught the filmmaker's attention with a script that eventually turned into Roshamon. Thus joining Team Kurosawa the debutant immediately went on to paly an integral part in developing and writing two of the grandmaster's most impressive achievements, Ikiru and Seven Samurai.
Compound Words in English: Vocabulary Building (English Word Power #10)
by Manik JoshiThis Book is aimed at those who realize the power of English and want to learn it sincerely.
Compounding in Modern Greek (Studies in Morphology #2)
by Angela RalliOne of the core challenges in linguistics is elucidating compounds--their formation as well as the reasons their structure varies between languages. This book on Modern Greek rises to the challenge with a meticulous treatment of its diverse, intricate compounds, a study as grounded in theory as it is rich in data. Enhancing our knowledge of compounding and word-formation in general, its exceptional scope is a worthy model for linguists, particularly morphologists, and offers insights for students of syntax, phonology, dialectology and typology, among others. The author examines first-tier themes such as the order and relations of constituents, headedness, exocentricity, and theta-role saturation. She shows how Modern Greek compounding relates to derivation and inflection, and charts the boundaries between compounds and phrases. Exploring dialectically variant compounds, and identifying historical changes, the analysis extends to similarly formed compounds in wholly unrelated languages.
Comprehension Across the Curriculum
by Douglas Fisher Kathy GanskeSuccessful students use comprehension skills and strategies throughout the school day. In this timely book, leading scholars present innovative ways to support reading comprehension across content areas and the full K 12 grade range. Chapters provide specific, practical guidance for selecting rewarding texts and promoting engagement and understanding in social studies, math, and science, as well as language arts and English classrooms. Cutting-edge theoretical perspectives and research findings are clearly explained. Special attention is given to integrating out-of-school literacies into instruction and developing comprehension in English language learners.
Comprehension Assessment
by Joanne Caldwell Nancy FreyHow can busy teachers successfully manage the complex task of assessing their students' reading comprehension? This invaluable book--the first stand-alone guide on the topic--presents reliable, research-supported guidelines and procedures for K-6 teachers to use in the classroom. Through practical tips and realistic examples, the book demonstrates time-saving ways to implement and adapt a wide range of existing assessments, rather than creating new ones. Also covered are strategies for conducting multiliteracy assessments, using classroom assessment to complement standardized testing, accommodating response-to-intervention mandates, and linking assessment to content-area instruction.
Comprehension Cliffhanger Stories: 15 Action-Packed Stories That Invite Students to Infer, Visualize, and Summarize to Predict the Ending of Each Story
by Tom ConklinThis ready-to-use resource gives teachers 15 kid-pleasing stories that are perfect for building essential reading skills such as predicting, making inferences, summarizing, and more. For each reproducible story, teachers will find a companion teacher page with vocabulary-building tips, reading strategy suggestions, and thought-provoking writing and discussion prompts. For use with Grades 4-8.
Comprehension First: Inquiry into Big Ideas Using Important Questions
by Claudia E CornettThis book is about designing instruction that makes comprehension the priority in reading and in content area study. The comprehension model described responds to calls from literacy experts and professional organizations for inquiry-based instruction that prepares readers to be active meaning makers who are adept at both critical and creative thinking. Comprehension First introduces a before, during, after Comprehension Problem Solving (CPS) process that helps readers ask key questions so they arrive at a substantial comprehension product-"big ideas" based on themes and conclusions drawn from literary works and expository texts. The book further describes how to orchestrate research-based best practices to build lessons and units around big ideas and important questions. In this age of multiple literacies, all of us must learn to be more nimble users of Literacy 2.0 communication tools. Mastering problem solving is at the core of this challenge. Comprehension First embraces this challenge by inviting present and future teachers to examine WHY and HOW these tools can be used more purposefully to achieve the pre-eminent literacy goal of deep comprehension.
Comprehension From The Ground Up: Simplified, Sensible Instruction For The K-3 Reading Workshop
by Peter Cunningham Sharon Taberski Donnelly Marks John VidelerSharon Taberski cuts through the pressurized, strategy-overloaded, fluency-crazed atmosphere surrounding reading instruction to lay out the reading and writing workshop practices that are most effective in developing readers in the primary grades. She shares the daily how-tos needed to sustain a literacy block that engages children in authentic reading and writing practices including dozens of effective practices that illustrate amazing ways to organize instructional and independent reading for kids.
Comprehension Instruction, Second Edition
by Cathy Collins Block Sheri ParrisThis comprehensive professional resource and text is based on cutting-edge research. In each chapter, leading scholars provide an overview of a particular aspect of comprehension, offer best-practice instructional guidelines and policy recommendations, present key research questions still to be answered, and conclude with stimulating questions for individual study or discussion. Coverage includes such timely topics as differentiated instruction, technology and reading comprehension, teaching English language learners, and the implications of current neuroscientific findings.
Comprehension Instruction, Third Edition
by Lesley Mandel Morrow Sheri R. Parris Kathy HeadleyAll key issues of research and practice in comprehension instruction are addressed in this highly regarded professional resource and course text. Leading scholars examine the processes that enable students to make meaning from what they read--and how this knowledge can be applied to improve teaching at all grade levels. Best practices for meeting the needs of diverse elementary and secondary students are identified. Essential topics include strategies for comprehending different types of texts, the impact of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), cutting-edge assessment approaches, and the growing importance of digital genres and multimodal literacies. User-friendly features include end-of-chapter discussion questions. New to This Edition *Incorporates the latest research and instructional practices. *Chapters on the CCSS, critical theory, culturally responsive instruction, and response to intervention. *Chapters on teaching fiction and informational texts in the secondary grades. *Expanded coverage of multimodal literacy learning. *Timely topics such as text complexity, close reading, digital literacies, and neuroscience are discussed in multiple chapters.
Comprehension Processes in Reading
by D. A. Balota G. B. Flores d’Arcais K. RaynerComprehension Processes in Reading addresses the interrelationship among several areas relevant to understanding how people comprehend text. The contributors focus on the on-line processes associated with text understanding rather than simply with the product of that comprehension -- what people remember from reading. Presenting the latest theories and research findings from a distinguished group of contributors, Comprehension Processes in Reading is divided into four major sections. Each section, concluding with a commentary chapter, discusses a different aspect of reader understanding or dysfunction such as individual word comprehension, sentence parsing, text comprehension, and comprehension failures and dyslexia .
Comprehension Skills: Facts (Level D)
by Tara Mccarthy Linda Ward Beech Donna TownsendThis book asks questions about facts in stories.The stories will have the answers one needs for the questions.
Comprehension Skills: Inference (Level D)
by The Editors at the Steck-VaughnAn inference is a guess you make after thinking about what you already know. In this book the readers will make inferences about stories.
Comprehension Skills: Main Idea, Level D
by Tara Mccarthy Linda Ward Beech Donna TownsendThis book asks you to find the main idea of paragraphs and has 25 units with 5 stories in each unit providing Hints for Better Reading, Challenge Yourself and Writing.
Comprehension Skills: Sequence (Level D)
by Linda Ward Beech Donna Townsend Tar A MccarthyIf several things happen in a story, they happen in a sequence. This book asks questions about sequence in stories and helps in looking for time words.
Comprehension Strategies for Your K-6 Literacy Classroom: Thinking Before, During, and After Reading
by Divonna M. Stebick Joy M. DainCombining theory with classroom research, this research-based handbook clearly illustrates how teachers can effectively use six critical strategies to enhance students' reading comprehension.
Comprehension Strategies in the Acquiring of a Second Language
by Harris WinitzThis book provides a critical analysis and account of the development of the Comprehension Approach as a method for language learning. The author draws on interrelated sub-fields - including linguistic theory, child language acquisition, and educational technology - to examine how a comprehension-based strategy could have pedagogical potential for adult second language learning. While second language pedagogy has to date been dominated by production models, this book takes another look at the Comprehension Approach as a possible alternative, presenting results from both child first language and adult second language contexts. It will be of interest to psycholinguistics and applied linguistics scholars, particularly those with an interest in second language teaching and learning.
Comprehension Through Conversation: The Power of Purposeful Talk in the Reading Workshop (CrossCurrents Series)
by Richard L Allington Maria NicholsComprehension Through Conversation: The Power of Purposeful Talk in the Reading Workshop (CrossCurrents Series) 1st Edition
Comprehension [Grades K-12]: The Skill, Will, and Thrill of Reading (Corwin Literacy)
by Douglas Fisher Nancy Frey Nicole V. LawRadically change the way students learn from texts, extending beyond comprehension to critical reasoning and problem solving. Is your reading comprehension instruction just a pile of strategies? There is no evidence that teaching one strategy at a time, especially with pieces of text that require that readers use a variety of strategies to successfully negotiate meaning, is effective. And how can we extend comprehension beyond simple meaning? Bestselling authors Douglas Fisher, Nancy Frey, and Nicole Law propose a new, comprehensive model of reading instruction that goes beyond teaching skills to fostering engagement and motivation. Using a structured, three-pronged approach—skill, will, and thrill—students learn to experience reading as a purposeful act and embrace struggle as a natural part of the reading process. Instruction occurs in three phases: Skill. Holistically developing skills and strategies necessary for students to comprehend text, such as monitoring, predicting, summarizing, questioning, and inferring. Will. Creating the mindsets, motivations, and habits, including goal setting and choice, necessary for students to engage fully with texts. Thrill. Fostering the thrill of comprehension, so that students share their thinking with others or use their knowledge for something else. Comprehension is the structured framework you need to empower students to comprehend text and take action in the world.
Comprehension [Grades K-12]: The Skill, Will, and Thrill of Reading (Corwin Literacy)
by Douglas Fisher Nancy Frey Nicole V. LawRadically change the way students learn from texts, extending beyond comprehension to critical reasoning and problem solving. Is your reading comprehension instruction just a pile of strategies? There is no evidence that teaching one strategy at a time, especially with pieces of text that require that readers use a variety of strategies to successfully negotiate meaning, is effective. And how can we extend comprehension beyond simple meaning? Bestselling authors Douglas Fisher, Nancy Frey, and Nicole Law propose a new, comprehensive model of reading instruction that goes beyond teaching skills to fostering engagement and motivation. Using a structured, three-pronged approach—skill, will, and thrill—students learn to experience reading as a purposeful act and embrace struggle as a natural part of the reading process. Instruction occurs in three phases: Skill. Holistically developing skills and strategies necessary for students to comprehend text, such as monitoring, predicting, summarizing, questioning, and inferring. Will. Creating the mindsets, motivations, and habits, including goal setting and choice, necessary for students to engage fully with texts. Thrill. Fostering the thrill of comprehension, so that students share their thinking with others or use their knowledge for something else. Comprehension is the structured framework you need to empower students to comprehend text and take action in the world.
Comprehension and English Language Learners
by Michael F. Opitz Lindsey GuccioneThis book is one of the few that focuses on oral language development, a crucial but often overlooked component of academic development for ELLs. It helps fill a gap in the professional resources teachers need to help their English language learners reach high levels of oral and written English proficiency. - David and Yvonne Freeman Authors of Teaching Reading in Multilingual Classrooms and Essential Linguistics Oral reading is powerful enough to simultaneously support every student's comprehension learning and scaffold English language learners' progress toward proficiency. But not just any kind of oral reading will do. To help everyone in your class, you need effective, engaging strategies that can motivate all readers and help them learn to make meaning with texts - the kind you'll find in Comprehension and English Language Learners. The 25 oral reading strategies in Comprehension and English Language Learners support students with differing levels of English proficiency during regular reading instruction - from beginners to those completely comfortable with their new language. Michael Opitz (coauthor of Goodbye Round Robin, Updated Edition) and Lindsey Guccione help you go beyond oral reading activities such as round robin or popcorn reading that have no research base and that can actually inhibit reading progress. With their strategies, you'll instead help English language learners: develop and monitor reading and listening comprehension evaluate texts and engage with authors learn social and academic vocabulary connect writing, reading, speaking, listening, and viewing get motivated to read on their own. In addition, Opitz and Guccione make determining students' level of English proficiency easier with a primer on effective ELL assessment. They show you how each strategy can work within or across levels to help English learners make progress or consolidate gains. Each strategy is clearly presented and ready to use today with teaching suggestions, classroom examples, suggested children's literature, and online resources. Supplement your silent-reading program with oral reading that works. Read Comprehension and English Language Learners and teach with its strategies. Then listen to your English language learners to hear how powerful oral reading can be for developing comprehension.
Compromise and Resistance in Postcolonial Writing: E. M. Forster’s Legacy
by Alberto Fernández CarbajalCompromise and Resistance in Postcolonial Writing is an illuminating study of E.M. Forster, offering a new critical approach to his legacy. It examines key themes in Forster's work (homosexuality, humanism, modernism, liberalism) and their relevance to post-imperial and postcolonial novels by important contemporary writers.
Computational Cognitive Modeling and Linguistic Theory (Language, Cognition, and Mind #6)
by Adrian Brasoveanu Jakub DotlačilThis open access book introduces a general framework that allows natural language researchers to enhance existing competence theories with fully specified performance and processing components. Gradually developing increasingly complex and cognitively realistic competence-performance models, it provides running code for these models and shows how to fit them to real-time experimental data. This computational cognitive modeling approach opens up exciting new directions for research in formal semantics, and linguistics more generally, and offers new ways of (re)connecting semantics and the broader field of cognitive science.The approach of this book is novel in more ways than one. Assuming the mental architecture and procedural modalities of Anderson’s ACT-R framework, it presents fine-grained computational models of human language processing tasks which make detailed quantitative predictions that can be checked against the results of self-paced reading and other psycho-linguistic experiments. All models are presented as computer programs that readers can run on their own computer and on inputs of their choice, thereby learning to design, program and run their own models. But even for readers who won't do all that, the book will show how such detailed, quantitatively predicting modeling of linguistic processes is possible. A methodological breakthrough and a must for anyone concerned about the future of linguistics! (Hans Kamp) This book constitutes a major step forward in linguistics and psycholinguistics. It constitutes a unique synthesis of several different research traditions: computational models of psycholinguistic processes, and formal models of semantics and discourse processing. The work also introduces a sophisticated python-based software environment for modeling linguistic processes. This book has the potential to revolutionize not only formal models of linguistics, but also models of language processing more generally. (Shravan Vasishth)
Computational Construction Grammar: A Usage-Based Approach (Elements in Cognitive Linguistics)
by Jonathan DunnThis Element introduces a usage-based computational approach to Construction Grammar that draws on techniques from natural language processing and unsupervised machine learning. This work explores how to represent constructions, how to learn constructions from a corpus, and how to arrange the constructions in a grammar as a network. From a theoretical perspective, this Element examines how construction grammars emerge from usage alone as complex systems, with slot-constraints learned at the same time that constructions are learned. From a practical perspective, this work is accompanied by a Python package which enables linguists to incorporate construction grammars into their own corpus-based work. The computational experiments in this Element are important for testing the learnability, variability, and confirmability of Construction Grammar as a theory of language. All code examples will leverage the cloud computing platform Code Ocean to guide readers through implementation of these algorithms.