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Research on Old French: The State of the Art
by Deborah L ArteagaThe present volume presents scholarly study into Old French as it is practiced today, in all of its forms, within a variety of theoretical frameworks, from Optimality Theory to Minimalism to Discourse Analysis. Many of the chapters are corpus-based, reflecting a new trend in the field, as more electronic corpora become available. The chapters contribute to our understanding of both the synchronic state and diachronic evolution, not only of Old French, but of language in general. Its breadth is extensive in that contributors pursue research on a wide variety of topics in Old French focusing on the various subsystems of language. All examples are carefully glossed and the relevant characteristics of Old French are clearly explained, which makes it uniquely accessible to non-specialists and linguists at all levels of training.
Research on PISA
by Katrin Schöps Mareike Kobarg Manfred Prenzel Silke RönnebeckThe Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is an important part of the OECD's Indicator Programme. It collects data and provides comparative indicators of education systems in OECD member and partner countries. PISA provides datasets of outstanding quality regarding samples, instruments and analyses. In addition to its important function for educational monitoring, the PISA datasets are the basis of a wide range of secondary analyses from a number of different scientific perspectives and disciplines. The aim of this book is to make some of the outstanding PISA related research results available for a wider audience. Specifically four research areas will be focused: (1) Content related research; (2) Methodological research; (3) Context related research; (4) Research on trends in PISA. Each part of the book is devoted to one of these areas and will start with an introduction from a leading expert in the field followed by chapters covering research conducted in this field.
Research on Politeness in the Spanish-Speaking World
by María Elena Placencia Carmen GarcíaOne of the main contributions of this important book is that it offers a thorough survey of the theoretical and empirical developments that have occurred in the area of (im)politeness in the different regions of the Spanish-speaking world, gathering together overviews by distinguished scholars. Additionally, the book advances the field with new empirical research on linguistic (im)politeness, and silence and (im)politeness, in a range of (non)institutional contexts, as well as new perspectives for the study of (im)politeness. A closing chapter by the editors provides an assessment of salient trends in the area and directions for future research.Research on Politeness in the Spanish-Speaking World is essential reading for students in Spanish pragmatics and Spanish linguistics, sociolinguistics, and discourse analysis. The volume is also very useful to English-speaking scholars in the general field of pragmatics who are not proficient in Spanish but require access to these empirical studies.
Research on Second Language Teacher Education: A Sociocultural Perspective on Professional Development (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Karen E. JohnsonEmbracing a sociocultural perspective on human cognition and employing an array of methodological tools for data collection and analysis, this volume documents the complexities of second language teachers’ professional development in diverse L2 teacher education programs around the world, including Asia, South America, Europe, and North America, and traces that development both over time and within the broader cultural, historical and institutional settings and circumstances of teachers’ work. This systematic examination of teacher professional development illuminates in multiple ways the discursive practices that shape teachers’ knowing, thinking, and doing and provides a window into how alternative mediational means can create opportunities for teachers to move toward more theoretically and pedagogically sound instructional practices within the settings and circumstances of their work. The chapters represent both native and nonnative English speaking pre-service and in-service L2 teachers at all levels from K-12 through higher education, and examine significant challenges that are present in L2 teacher education programs.
Research on Tibetan Spelling Formal Language and Automata with Application
by Nyima TashiThis book applies formal language and automata theory in the context of Tibetan computational linguistics; further, it constructs a Tibetan-spelling formal grammar system that generates a Tibetan-spelling formal language group, and an automata group that can recognize the language group. In addition, it investigates the application technologies of Tibetan-spelling formal language and automata. Given its creative and original approach, the book offers a valuable reference guide for researchers, teachers and graduate students in the field of computational linguistics.
Research on the Communication Effects and Mass Media Credibility in China: The Foundational Theory, Evaluation Methods and Empirical Analysis
by Guoming YuThis book establishes a measurement index to quantify China’s mass media public credibility, based on extensive research and the encapsulation of measurement theories and approaches related to media public credibility, as well as numerous empirical case studies from the international academic community over the past hundred years. The investigation into the current state of Chinese mass media public credibility and discussion on practical approaches to enhancing such public credibility is highly significant in the context of research on media public credibility. The book focuses on two fundamental issues: i) investigating the basic factors the Chinese audience values as the yardstick for media credibility, and ii) formulating a media public credibility measurement scale. Relying on data from investigations, the authors analyze the importance of various assessment benchmarks for measuring media public credibility and the characteristics of public credibility assessment. Lastly, a measurement scale is created by screening and analyzing measurement indices with statistical methods such as exploratory and authenticated factor analyses and credibility and validity testing, which is of high theoretical and practical scientific value.
Research-Driven Pedagogy: Implications of L2A Theory and Research for the Teaching of Language Skills
by Tammy Gregersen Nihat Polat Peter MacIntyreResearch-Driven Pedagogy: Implications of L2A Theory and Research for the Teaching of Language Skills brings together the essentials of second language acquisition (SLA) theory, research, and second language (L2) pedagogy. Uniquely, the design of this book helps researchers and practitioners make explicit connections between theory, research, and practice; learn about and conduct classroom research to contribute to the relevance and applicability of SLA research; and improve current L2 curriculum and instruction in light of current theory and research. The volume offers critical reviews of the most relevant, current SLA theory and research about receptive, productive, complementary, and nonverbal communication skills, as well as willingness to communicate (WTC). Each chapter is formatted to include five major topics about each language skill: (1) major theories, (2) critical reviews of salient/current research, (3) commonly-used data collection and analysis techniques, (4) summary of specific pedagogical implications of pertinent research and theory, and (5) theory and research-driven scenarios/activities that can be used in teaching. A teacher or a researcher can pick any chapter in this volume to learn about the most important language skills (e.g., reading, writing, nonverbal communication), while having all-in-one place access to almost everything they would need.
Researching Agency in Language Policy and Planning (Routledge Critical Studies in Multilingualism)
by Jeremie Bouchard Gregory Paul GlasgowThis concise collection features seven studies on agency in language policy and planning across five different national contexts. Building on themes explored in Agency in Language Policy and Planning, this volume highlights the complex relationship between agency and broader ideological discourses, integrating social theory toward contributing to and enhancing growing scholarship on language policy and planning. This book will be of particular interest to students and scholars in language policy and planning, language and education, critical sociolinguistics, and applied linguistics.
Researching Audio Description
by Anna Matamala Pilar OreroAudio description is one of the many services available to guarantee accessibility to audiovisual media. It describes and narrates images and sounds and resulting audio is then mixed with the original soundtrack. Audio description is a complex process that touches production, distribution and reception. Researching Audio Description: New Approachesgathers academic information and data from the many existing research projects, practices, and training across the world. The book has a telescopic approach, from two introductory chapters where accessibility in general is contextualised as a human right, and the basic concepts of disability and impairment are explored. Research on specific features for audio description script drafting are focused in the second part of the book, with a view to revising existing funded projects and their outcomes. The book offers a wealth of information on both the practical and philosophical, from different approaches in perception and cognition, and different research methodologies. Project information contained in the contributions identifies trends in current research-funded studies which will be valuable as a pointer towards future proposals. The book shows the dynamic state of audio description practice, training and research, while contributing towards the growing critical mass needed in building the field of accessibility studies.
Researching Chinese Language Education: Functional Linguistic Perspectives (Routledge Research in Language Education)
by Peter Mickan Mark Shiu-kee ShumThe culmination of more than a decade of research, this compelling volume offers a fresh approach for applying functional linguistics to assess student performance, to inform the teaching and learning of Chinese and to design curriculum and teaching materials. Documenting authentic systemic functional linguistics (SFL) studies in researching and teaching Chinese as a first or second language, this research is set in the multilingual settings of Hong Kong and Australia. The experiences of SFL and genre teaching in English have been well demonstrated as valid, viable and practical in different contexts; however this volume covers the relatively new domain of research into the applications of SFL to the teaching of Chinese. Using SFL as the research framework, the authors cover three major areas in Chinese language education: effective pedagogies, curriculum and material design, and text analysis. Covering major local curriculum reforms and the rapid growth of International Baccalaureate programmes worldwide, this book will be of interest to linguists, language teachers and teacher educators and those involved in the teaching and learning of Chinese around the world.
Researching Chinese Learners
by Lixian Jin Martin CortazziThis collection focuses on Chinese learners with original data sets using innovative research methods. It investigates Chinese learners' learning and language skills, perceptions and particularly the processes of reciprocal intercultural adaptations in a wide international context of Australia, Canada, China, Hong Kong, New Zealand and the UK.
Researching Classroom Discourse: A Student Guide
by Christopher J. JenksThis practical guide to doing classroom discourse research provides a comprehensive overview of the research process. Bringing together both discourse analysis and classroom discourse research, this book helps readers to develop the analytic and rhetorical skills needed to conduct, and write about, the discourse of teaching and learning. Offering step-by-step guidance, each chapter is written so that readers can put the theoretical and methodological issues of classroom discourse analysis into practice while writing an academic paper. Chapters are organized around three stages of research: planning, analyzing, and understanding and reporting. Reflective questions and discourse examples are used throughout the book to assist readers. This book is essential reading for modules on classroom discourse or thesis writing and a key supplementary resource for research methods, discourse analysis, or language teaching and learning.
Researching Cognitive Processes of Translation (New Frontiers in Translation Studies)
by Defeng Li Victoria Lai Lei Yuanjian HeThis edited volume covers an array of the most relevant topics in translation cognition, taking different approaches and using different research tools. It explores theoretical and methodological issues using case studies and examining their practical and pedagogical implications. It is a valuable resource for translation studies scholars, graduate students and those interested in translation and translation training, enabling them to conceptualize translation cognition, in order to enhance their research methods and designs, manage innovations in their translation training or simply understand their own translation behaviours.
Researching Communications: A Practical Guide to Methods in Media and Cultural Analysis
by Michael Pickering Graham Murdock David Deacon Peter GoldingThe new edition of the highly respected Researching Communications is a comprehensive and authoritative guide to researching media and communication. Introducing the major research methods, giving detailed examples of research analysis and practical step-by-step guidance in clear language, Researching Communications, Second Edition is an invaluable guide to performing and analyzing research tasks. Written by highly regarded experts in the field, the new edition includes expanded and updated sections on the Internet, online databases and the latest CAQDAS packages, as well as new case studies, international examples, and details of recent developments in media and communication studies. Undergraduate and postgraduate media- and communication-studies students will find Researching Communications an invaluable resource at all stages of their course.
Researching Contexts, Practices and Pedagogies in English for Academic Purposes
by Lia Blaj-WardThis book is a point of reference for EAP professionals planning to conduct or commission research into learning, teaching, professional development or quality assurance in EAP. It draws on academic and professional debates to inspire further research and practical initiatives to enhance EAP provision.
Researching Creativity in Second Language Acquisition (Second Language Acquisition Research Series)
by Ashleigh PipesResearching Creativity in Second Language Acquisition explains the links between creativity and second language learning and how to propel the research of creativity as an individual difference in second language acquisition forward at multiple levels. It features an array of sample research questions and methods for student and professional researchers, ranging from simple projects that can be executed from start to finish in 15 weeks all the way to multi-year project guidelines for more advanced scholars with additional time and resources. It also features in-class and out-of-class activity suggestions that will reinforce concepts in fun and creative ways. Using this book as a guide will save researchers time and effort in designing and executing their next projects as well as save instructors time in class planning. This book will be an invaluable resource to students and researchers of SLA, applied linguistics, TESOL, and psychology.
Researching Cultures of Learning
by Lixian Jin Martin CortazziThis edited book examines cultures of learning from the perspectives of education, applied linguistics and language learning. The concept can be used to explore socio-cultural features of language learning and use contexts in educational institutions, and cultural practices of pedagogic activities and classroom interaction.
Researching Discourse Competence in Monologic L2 Performance: The Case of Cohesion and Coherence in Narrative and Argumentative Tasks
by Claudia Vásquez FernándezThis book introduces you to an exploration of discourse competence as a core component of successful second language (L2) communication, highlighting its role to promote overall intelligibility levels in L2 learner performance. In doing so, this volume promotes the examination of L2 learner output from a discourse-oriented perspective through the articulation of discourse competence in terms of textual resources of cohesion and coherence, thus making the construct both instructable and researchable. Building on decades of L2 performance research, particularly within the Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) approach, this book explores the potential of planning time as a pedagogical tool to promote discourse competence in second language (L2) learners and enhance overall levels of intelligibility in oral task-performance. Including guidelines for investigating L2 learner performance and lesson plans for the practical teaching of discourse resources in the L2 classrooms, this book promotes research of discoursal aspects of L2 learner task-performance and the implementation of an overall discourse-oriented perspective in the L2 classroom. This book constitutes a valuable resource for researchers, university students, instructors, and academics involved in the L2 teaching and learning field thus making it an essential reading for professionals in applied linguistics and language teaching associations worldwide.
Researching Discourse: A Student Guide
by Christopher HartThis book offers a ‘how-to’ guide to conducting research in discourse analysis. Organised around different approaches to discourse analysis and working with different types of discourse data, the book will help students answer questions such as: Which approach should I take? What kind of data should I analyse and how do I set about collecting it? What consideration should I give to ethics? How do I make my analyses systematic and rigorous? How do I report my findings? Both qualitative and quantitative (corpus-based and experimental) methods are covered. Illustrated with far-ranging, detailed, and original case-studies, each chapter follows a consistent format that takes readers step by step through the research process, from design to implementation and presentation. Chapters can be read independently of one another. This is the ideal companion for any student undertaking research in discourse analysis within English language, linguistics, applied linguistics, and communication studies programmes.
Researching Early Childhood Literacy in the Classroom: Literacy as a Social Practice (Routledge Research in Literacy)
by Lucy HenningThis volume demonstrates how the ethnographic approach to research demanded by a ‘Literacy as Social Practice’ perspective can generate fresh insights into what happens when young children engage with schooled literacy tasks. Researching Early Childhood Literacy in the Classroom argues that the lived experience of young children encountering formal schooled literacy curricula should be the foremost consideration in educational reforms intended to improve rates of literacy acquisition in schools. To make this argument, the author suspends traditional concerns with ‘learning’ and ‘progress’ to concentrate on ‘practice’ and ‘meaning’ in a careful analysis of key classroom incidents. The author concludes that such insights suggest a need for re-considering the assumptions upon which educational policy rests. This book will be of great interest to graduate and postgraduate students, researchers, academics, and libraries in the fields of Literacy Studies, Teacher Education, Education Policy and Applied Linguistics.
Researching Educational Practices, Teacher Education and Professional Development for Early Language Learning: Examples from Europe (Routledge Research in Language Education)
by Sandie Mourão Carolyn LeslieRecognising the urgent need for further progress in teacher education and preparation for the success of early language learning, this volume presents research on the education and professional development of teachers, exploring how they can foster multilingual spaces in the early years of formal education.Investigating a range of European contexts, the book examines the effectiveness of teacher education for early language learning, covering contexts of multilingualism and English as a foreign language (EFL) with children under the age of 12. Split into three parts examining research into teacher practices, education, and curricula, chapters cover emerging topics such as teacher education and local linguistic encounters; global citizenship and transcultural education; linguistic landscapes and visual narratives; mixed-age classrooms and literacy skills; pre-service and in-service teacher education; and teacher and teacher educator competencies and beliefs.Offering a unique combination of foci on teachers, teacher education and classroom practice, this book will be of great interest to researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of early language education, multilingualism, EFL and teacher education more broadly. Student teachers and teachers working in early language learning contexts may also find the volume of interest.Introduction, Chapters 7, 11, 12 and 13 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Researching English Medium Instruction: Quantitative Methods for Students and Researchers (Cambridge Applied Linguistics)
by Samantha M. Curle Jack PunIn the rapidly evolving landscape of English Medium Instruction (EMI), the need for comprehensive research methodologies has never been more pronounced. This pioneering guide offers an in-depth exploration into quantitative research methods tailored specifically for EMI. Going beyond the surface, the volume bridges the cultural divides of East and West, ensuring that insights are inclusive of diverse educational levels, settings, and backgrounds. Whether you're an academic researcher, a policy-maker, or an educator in the field, this book serves as an invaluable resource. Not only does it fill a notable gap in the literature, it also presents readers with practical, adaptable research strategies that can be employed globally, and is illustrated with a range of case studies that bring the methods to life. Understand the nuances of EMI across different contexts, and equip yourself with the tools needed to contribute meaningfully to the discourse on global EMI practices, challenges, and solutions.
Researching English-Medium Higher Education: Diverse Applications and Critical Evaluations of the ROAD-MAPPING Framework (Routledge Focus on English-Medium Instruction in Higher Education)
by Ute SmitSet against the increasing use of English-medium higher education across the world, this book brings together researchers and practitioners who, despite coming from very different geopolitical areas and pursuing distinct research objectives, coincide in their use of the ROAD-MAPPING conceptual framework. With the use of this framework and its six interrelated dimensions, the nine studies included in this volume explore key topics for English-Medium Education in Multilingual University Settings (EMEMUS) from diverse perspectives. These range from multi-sited, meta-level approaches critically analysing different countries and their realisations of EMEMUS to using ROAD-MAPPING as a methodological tool to analyse all its dimensions or place the lens on a particular aspect. By doing so, the contributions demonstrate the strength of the ROAD-MAPPING framework for investigating and understanding the complex nature of EMEMUS. The volume makes a valuable contribution to the development of EMEMUS research and is thus highly recommended for scholars, policymakers and students interested in one of the most fast-growing (and contested) research areas in applied linguistics today.
Researching Forensic Linguistics: Approaches and Applications
by Georgina HeydonResearching Forensic Linguistics is an informative, hands-on guide to conducting research in forensic linguistics that can underpin legal and justice practices and address social justice problems involving language. Georgina Heydon takes readers step by step through the research process using case studies that draw on different types of forensic and legal language data such as police interviews, anonymous reports of sexual assault, threatening letters and justice stakeholder interviews. Each chapter is framed by a language problem arising from either forensic linguistic case work or a key issue in language and the law. Up-to-date research methods in forensic linguistics are presented, including authorship attribution using online corpora, practice-based linguistic analysis and experimental techniques. This is an ideal companion for linguists who want to apply their skills to a forensic setting, practitioners in the legal and justice fields seeking to understand how linguistic analysis can support their work, and any student undertaking research in forensic linguistics within English language, linguistics, applied linguistics and legal studies.
Researching Identity and Interculturality (Routledge Studies in Language and Intercultural Communication #3)
by Fred Dervin Karen RisagerThis volume focuses on advances in research methodology in an interdisciplinary field framed by discourses of identity and interculturality. It includes a range of qualitative studies: studies of interaction, narrative studies, conversation analysis, ethnographic studies, postcolonial studies and critical discourse studies, and emphasizes the role of discourse and power in all studies of identity and interculturality. The volume particularly focuses on critical reflexivity in every stage of research, including reflections on theoretical concepts (such as ‘identity’ and ‘interculturality’) and their relationship with methodology and analytical practice, reflections on researcher identity and subjectivity, reflections on local and global contexts of research, and reflections on language choice and linguacultural aspects of data generation, analysis and communication.