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Structure and Meaning in English: A Guide for Teachers
by Graeme KennedyStructure and Meaning in English is designed to help teachers of English develop an understanding of those aspects of English which are especially relevant for learners who speak other languages. Using corpus research, Graeme Kennedy cuts to the heart of what is important in the teaching of English. The book provides pedagogically- relevant information about English at the levels of sounds, words, sentences and texts. It draws attention to those linguistic items and processes which research has shown are typically hard for learners and which lead to errors. Each chapter contains: a description of one or more aspects of English an outline of typical errors or problems for learners specific learning objectives listed at the beginning of each chapter exercises or tasks based on ‘real English’ taken from newspapers and other sources. discussion topics which can be worked through independently either as part of a course, or self study With answers to many of the tasks given at the back of the book, this groundbreaking work provides a comprehensive and accessible textbook on the structure and use of the language for teachers of English.
Structure and Meaning in Medieval Arabic and Persian Lyric Poetry: Orient Pearls (Culture and Civilization in the Middle East)
by Julie MeisamiThis is the first comprehensive and comparative study of compositional and stylistic techniques in medieval Arabic and Persian lyric poetry. Ranging over some seven countries, it deals with works by over thirty poets in the Islamic world from Spain to present-day Afghanistan, and examines how this rich poetic traditions exhibits both continuity and development in the use of a wide variety of compositional strategies. Discussing such topics as principles of structural organisation, the use of rhetorical figures, metaphor and images, and providing detailed analyses of a large number of poetic texts, it shows how structural and semantic features interacted to bring coherence and meaning to the individual poem. It also examines works by the indigenous critics of poetry in both Arabic and Persian, and demonstrates the critics' awareness of, and interest in, the techniques which poets employed to construct poems which were both eloquent and meaningful. Comparisons are also made with classical and medieval poetics in the west. The book will be of interest not merely to specialists in the relevant fields, but also to all those interested in pre-modern poetry and poetics.
The Structure and Performance of Euripides' Helen
by C. W. MarshallUsing Euripides' play, Helen, as the main point of reference, C. W. Marshall's detailed study expands our understanding of Athenian tragedy and provides new interpretations of how Euripides created meaning in performance. Marshall focuses on dramatic structure to show how assumptions held by the ancient audience shaped meaning in Helen and to demonstrate how Euripides' play draws extensively on the satyr play Proteus, which was part of Aeschylus' Oresteia. Structure is presented not as a theoretical abstraction, but as a crucial component of the experience of performance, working with music, the chorus and the other plays in the tetralogy. Euripides' Andromeda in particular is shown to have resonances with Helen not previously described. Arguing that the role of the director is key, Marshall shows that the choices that a director can make about role doubling, gestures, blocking, humour, and masks play a crucial part in forming the meaning of Helen.
Structure in Language: A Dynamic Perspective (Routledge Studies in Linguistics #Vol. 10)
by Thomas BergThis book examines one of the allegedly unique features of human language: structure sensitivity. Its point of departure is the distinction between content and structural units, which are defined in psycholinguistic terms. The focus of the book is on structural representations, in particular their hierarchicalness and their branching direction. Structural representations reach variable levels of activation and are therefore gradient in nature. Their variable strength is claimed to account for numerous effects including differences between individual analytical levels, differences between languages as well as pathways of language acquisition and breakdown. English is found to be consistent in its branching direction and to have evolved its branching direction in line with the cross-level harmony constraint. Structure sensitivity is argued to be highly variable both within and across languages and consequently an unlikely candidate for a defining property of human language.
Structure in Milton's Poetry
by Ralph W. CondeeMilton's skill in constructing poems whose structure is determined, not by rule or precedent, but by the thought to be expressed, is one of his chief accomplishments as a creative artist. Professor Condee analyzes seventeen of Milton's poems, both early and late, well and badly organized, in order to trace the poet's developing ability to create increasingly complex poetic structures.Three aspects of Milton's use of poetic structure are stressed: the relation of the parts to the whole and parts to parts, his ability to unite actual events with the poetic situation, and his use and variation of literary tradition to establish the desired structural unity.
Structure in Milton's Poetry
by Ralph W. CondeeMilton's skill in constructing poems whose structure is determined, not by rule or precedent, but by the thought to be expressed, is one of his chief accomplishments as a creative artist. Professor Condee analyzes seventeen of Milton's poems, both early and late, well and badly organized, in order to trace the poet's developing ability to create increasingly complex poetic structures.Three aspects of Milton's use of poetic structure are stressed: the relation of the parts to the whole and parts to parts, his ability to unite actual events with the poetic situation, and his use and variation of literary tradition to establish the desired structural unity.
The Structure of Arabic: A Workbook in the Ten Measures
by David DiMeo Inas HassanThe Structure of Arabic: A Workbook in the Ten Measures is a comprehensive guide and workbook in the ten measures of Arabic words, the backbone of the Arabic lexical system, and provides a systematic explanation of the root and pattern system that forms the basis of most Arabic words. Successful Arabic learners have long recognized mastery of these measures and patterns as key to understand the Arabic language. With knowledge of this system, learners will be able to predict the meaning of unfamiliar words, recognize the function of words, and understand correct pronunciation of Arabic words, making vocabulary acquisition and retention easier. This unique textbook introduces measures and patterns sequentially across ten chapters, helping learners to navigate the topics in a logical manner. Without complicated jargon or technical language, this easy-to-understand textbook demystifies key topics in Arabic grammar. Comparative sentences which encapsulate the differences between measures give context, and exercises within the chapters serve to consolidate the learners’ grasp of the material presented.Designed to supplement both class-based Arabic courses and independent study, The Structure of Arabic will help learners of Arabic at all levels of competency to improve their vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling, and comprehension.
The Structure of Argument
by Annette T. Rottenberg Donna Haisty WinchellThe Structure of Argument teaches students how to approach, develop, and defend arguments one element at a time. This concise but thorough text carefully scaffolds argument for students, explaining approaches to argumentation, critical reading, and argument analysis. The major components of argumentation--claims, support, assumptions, logic--are explained in depth, and a robust research section shows students how to find, incorporate, and build on existing arguments. The Ninth Edition has been updated with more sourced readings than ever before, including a section of debates on unsettled current topics, further reinforcing the importance of research and synthesis. With its value price tag, The Structure of Argument is an affordable, accessible resource for the argument classroom. The Structure of Argument is available with LaunchPad Solo for Readers and Writers. By combining formative and summative assessments with opportunities to study, practice, and review specific skills, LaunchPad Solo for Readers and Writers provides instructors with a quick and flexible solution for targeting instruction on critical reading, the writing process, grammar, mechanics, style, and punctuation based on students' unique needs. Students will gain confidence by working through sequenced units that guide them from concept to mastery. At home or in class, students learn at their own pace, with instruction tailored to individual learners.
The Structure of Argument
by Annette T. Rottenberg Donna Haisty WinchellPACKAGE THIS TITLE WITH OUR 2016 MLA SUPPLEMENT, Documenting Sources in MLA Style (package ISBN-13: 9781319084776). Get the most recent updates on MLA citation in a convenient, 40-page resource based on The MLA Handbook, 8th Edition, with plenty of models. Browse our catalog or contact your representative for a full listing of updated titles and packages, or to request a custom ISBN. The Structure of Argument covers critical thinking, reading, writing, and research. Concise but thorough, it includes questions, exercises, writing assignments, and a full semester's worth of readings--everything students need in an affordable, compact format. Presenting Aristotelian and Rogerian as well as Toulmin argument, The Structure of Argument has been totally revised, with more than three-quarters of the readings new (including many multimodal selections available online at no extra charge), new coverage of multimodal argument, expanded treatment of key rhetorical concepts, a fresh new design, and additional support for research. Its emphasis on Toulmin argument makes Structure highly teachable, since the approach fits with the goals of the composition course.
The Structure of Argument with 2021 MLA Update
by Annette T. Rottenberg Donna Haisty WinchellThis ebook has been updated to provide you with the latest guidance on documenting sources in MLA style and follows the guidelines set forth in the MLA Handbook, 9th edition (April 2021).With The Structure of Argument you get coverage of argument that’s affordable and easy to apply as you build your own compelling essays. And if you’re writing a research paper, you’ll appreciate the guidance on evaluating sources for bias and the sample essays that model effective use of digital sources.
The Structure of English Clauses (Routledge Library Editions: The English Language #29)
by David J. YoungFirst published in 1980, this book provides a clear and practical introduction to a wide variety of English structures. It concentrates on a large and crucial area of English grammar, which covers units of higher rank than words, and structures that have verbs rather than nouns as their nuclear elements. Throughout the book, David Young focuses on the English language as it is actually spoken. At every point his discussion of syntax is closely integrated with meaning, and he pays particular attention to the ways in which speakers of English signal their intensions. The author points out how verbal patterning is meaningful, and outlines the criteria used by grammarians to distinguish one structure from another. The result is an analytical framework that can be applied to any real-life text in order to understand its structure. This is a book that will encourage a realistic, exploratory and investigative attitude towards the English language.
The Structure of English for Readers, Writers, and Teachers (2nd Edition)
by Mary M. ClarkThe Structure of English for Readers, Writers, and Teachers offers an up-to-date survey of the grammar of English (our pronunciation, our spelling system, our vocabulary, and the structure of our words, phrases, and sentences) with applications for writers, teachers of language arts, and students of literature.
The Structure of International Publishing in the 1990s
by Fred KobrakThe past decade has brought dramatic changes to the publishing industry. Publishing companies merged with one another or were bought by larger companies or media conglomerates; mergers and acquisitions crossed national boundaries and language barriers; technological advances altered the publication process and made available new media and the re-examination of the established print media. This volume examines these changes and illuminates the various prospects for the future of publishing in the coming decade.
The Structure of Modernist Poetry (Routledge Revivals)
by Theo HermansFirst published in 1982, this book provides a descriptive and comparative study of some of the fundamental structural aspects of modernist poetic writing in English, French and German in the first decades of the twentieth century. The work concerns itself primarily with basic structural elements and techniques and the assumptions that underlie and determine the modernist mode of poetic writing. Particular attention is paid to the theories developed by authors and to the essential ‘principles of construction’ that shape the structure of their poetry. Considering the work of a number of modernist poets, Theo Hermans argues that the various widely divergent forms and manifestations of modernistic poetry writing can only be properly understood as part of one general trend.
The Structure of Multimodal Documents: An Empirical Approach (Routledge Studies in Multimodality)
by Tuomo HiippalaThis book develops a new framework for describing the structure of multimodal documents: how language, image, layout and other modes of communication work together to convey meaning. Building on recent research in multimodal analysis, functional linguistics and information design, the book examines the textual, visual, and spatial aspects of page-based multimodal documents and employs an analytical model to describe and interpret their structure using the concepts of semiotic modes, medium and genre. To demonstrate and test this approach, the study performs a systematic, longitudinal analysis of a corpus of multimodal documents within a single genre: an extensively annotated corpus of tourist brochures produced between 1967-2008. The book provides multimodal discourse analysts with methodological tools to draw empirically-based conclusions about multimodal documents, and will be a valuable resource for researchers planning to develop and study multimodal corpora.
The Structure of Philosophical Discourse: A Genre and Move Analysis (Routledge Studies in Applied Linguistics)
by Kyle Lucas Sarah LucasThis book builds on existing work in genre analysis and move analysis in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and applies this new framework to academic philosophical discourse, offering new insights into how ESP traditions can elucidate shifts in language conventions across disciplinary contexts.The volume begins by surveying the state of the art in English for Specific Purposes and genre theory, as well as other genre theory paradigms before turning the focus on move analysis. Lucas and Lucas seek to maximize the potential of move analysis to precisely operationalize functional units of discourse by implementing a cognitive theory of genre grounded in frame semantics. Using the case of academic research articles in philosophy, the authors demonstrate how this framework can reveal distinctive dimensions unique to philosophical discourse and, in turn, how such an approach might be applied more broadly to examine nuances in language across disciplines and inform ESP research in the future.This book will appeal to students and researchers in English for Specific Purposes, discourse analysis, academic writing, applied linguistics, and rhetoric and composition.
The Structure of Psychological Common Sense
by Jan SmedslundPsychologic is a formal system and relationship within which psychological processes are defined. The language people ordinarily use to formulate, think, and talk about psychological phenomena is organized by Jan Smedslund into a set of propositions aimed at identifying the generalities which underlie human behavior. In this way, psychologic illuminates the conceptual system of psychology embedded in ordinary language. This book continues Professor Smedslund's search for stable theoretical structures to explain the meanings that are part of all psychological investigation.
The Structure of Scientific Examination Questions
by Adrian DayThis book shows how Systemic Functional Linguistics may be used to explore and explain the grammar of scientific examination questions. The author outlines the key elements of this theory and identifies problematical structures that affect the linguistic validity of such education assessment questions. This book also shows how examination questions may provide insight into the relationship between teaching and language in science. Do candidates give an incorrect answer because they do not understand the topic or because they do not understand the language by which the question is framed? This book shows how the analysis of scientific examination questions can answer this question. These chapters show how contemporary linguistics can inform the assessment of science and address topics including: the role of images, lexicography, the morphology of sentences, semantic discontinuity and the active reader. An example question is used throughout the text to illustrate the theories and each chapter has its own useful summary, making it a very readable work.
The Structure of Spoken Language
by Philippe MartinUsing an innovative approach, this book focuses on a widely debated area of phonetics and phonology: intonation, and specifically its relation to metrics, its interface with syntax, and whether it can be attributed more to phonetics or phonology, or equally to both. Drawing on data from six Romance languages (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan and Romanian), whose rich intonation patterns have long been of interest to linguists, J-Philippe Martin challenges the assumptions of traditional phonological approaches, and re-evaluates the data in favour of a new usage-based model of intonation. He proposes a unified description of the sentence prosodic structure, focusing on the dynamic and cognitive aspects of both production and perception of intonation in speech, leading to a unified grammar of Romance languages' sentence intonation. This book will be welcomed by researchers and advanced students in phonetics and phonology.
Structured English Immersion: A Step-by-Step Guide for K-6 Teachers and Administrators
by Johanna J. HaverPresents the theory that children learning another language succeed more easily when in the company of other children who are fluent in the new language.
Structured Literacy Interventions: Teaching Students with Reading Difficulties, Grades K-6 (The Guilford Series on Intensive Instruction)
by Louise Spear-SwerlingComprehensive and evidence-based, Structured Literacy (SL) approaches place a high value on explicit, systematic, and sequential instruction. This book brings together leading experts to present a wealth of SL interventions for different components of literacy. Chapters describe instructional strategies for supporting phonological awareness, basic and multisyllabic word decoding, spelling, reading fluency, vocabulary, oral and reading comprehension, and written expression, especially for at-risk readers and those with disabilities. Including case studies, sample intervention activities, lesson plans, and end-of-chapter application activities, the book contains reproducible tools that can be downloaded and printed in a convenient 8½&“ x 11&” size. An NCTQ Exemplary Text for Reading Instruction See also Louise Spear-Swerling's authored volume, The Structured Literacy Planner: Designing Interventions for Common Reading Difficulties, Grades 1–9, which provides blueprints for tailoring interventions based on a learner's reading profile.
The Structured Literacy Planner: Designing Interventions for Common Reading Difficulties, Grades 1-9
by Louise Spear-SwerlingStructured Literacy (SL) approaches are increasingly recognized as the gold standard for teaching struggling readers. This highly practical book walks educators through designing SL interventions for students with common types of reading difficulties--word reading, comprehension, or a combination of both. Louise Spear-Swerling offers tools for assessing students' reading profiles and tailoring SL to their needs. In a convenient large-size format, the volume is packed with case studies, sample lesson plans addressing both early and advanced stages of reading, instructional activities, and application exercises for teachers. A chapter on English language structure presents essential foundations for implementing SL effectively. The companion website features a knowledge survey about language structure (with answer key), as well as downloadable copies of the book's 14 reproducible forms. See also Louise Spear-Swerling's edited volume, Structured Literacy Interventions: Teaching Students with Reading Difficulties, Grades K–6, which surveys SL interventions across all components of literacy.
Structured Negotiation: A Winning Alternative to lawsuits
by Lainey FeingoldLainey is the expert on how to work collaboratively to create long term societal inclusion.” — Jenny Lay-Flurrie, Chief Accessibility Officer, Microsoft “This fantastic guide to structured negotiations provides valuable insights for anyone interested in becoming a better advocate. I really enjoyed reading this book and appreciate all the lessons within.” — Haben Girma, Human rights lawyer and author of the best seller, Haben, the Deafblind Woman Who Conquered Harvard Law. ——— Structured Negotiation: A Winning Alternative to Lawsuits shares stories and strategies from 25 years of successful collaborations between the disability community and some of the largest public and private organizations in the United States. Born at the intersection of accessibility, technology, disability, and dispute resolution, the pioneering strategy described in this book has been instrumental in creating a more inclusive digital world for a quarter century. First published by the American Bar Association, the Second Edition includes new Structured Negotiation win-wins, other new content, and Forewords by Haben Girma, author of the best-selling Haben: The Deafblind Woman Who Conquered Harvard Law and by Susana Sucunza, Basque Country Spain collaborative lawyer and president of the Basque Country Collaborative Law Association. Not just for lawyers, the book offers an effective and path-breaking method to resolve disputes without lawsuits, and to lessen the conflict and expense of filed cases. Lawsuits play an important role in moving society forward. But the legal profession ― and the public it serves ― deserve less costly, less stressful, and more cooperative and ethical alternatives. Clients need a forum where stories matter. Would-be defendants need a process that allows them to do the right thing without having to prove there is no problem to begin with.
Structures and Strategies (Routledge Leading Linguists)
by Adriana BellettiFollowing crucial insights on the functional structure of the clause and recent developments within the cartographic projects and minimalism, this book addresses various central themes in Italian and Romance syntax ranging from verb syntax and the syntax of verb-related phenomena of agreement and cliticization, to word order issues and their status in discourse contexts. It illustrates a research program where the basic formal components of grammar, the rich cartographic syntactic structures, are directly implicated in morphosyntactic computations proper as well as in the articulation of discourse strategies.
Structures Mères: Semantics, Mathematics, and Cognitive Science (Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics #57)
by Alberto Peruzzi Silvano Zipoli CaianiThis book reports on cutting-edge concepts related to Bourbaki’s notion of structures mères. It merges perspectives from logic, philosophy, linguistics and cognitive science, suggesting how they can be combined with Bourbaki’s mathematical structuralism in order to solve foundational, ontological and epistemological problems using a novel category-theoretic approach. By offering a comprehensive account of Bourbaki’s structuralism and answers to several important questions that have arisen in connection with it, the book provides readers with a unique source of information and inspiration for future research on this topic.