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Voltaire's Candide: Etude quantitative
by Marie-Paule Ducretet-Powell Pierre DucretetQuantitative studies furnish precise and complete numerical data about the nature of literary language and language in general. They provide the foundation for qualitative studies that can contribute to the analysis, interpretation and understanding of style, language, and ideas for a given period or author. This volume is a quantitative examination of Voltaire's Candide. It includes a word frequency dictionary, index verborum, and line concordance keyed to a text of Candide which is reproduced in the volume, as well as a lengthy introduction that describes and interprets the quantitative data. Linguists, statisticians, lexicographers, and literary scholars will find this work of interest, not only for the vital data that is supplies, but also for the methodology that underlies it.
Voltaire's Correspondence: Digital Readings (Elements in Eighteenth-Century Connections)
by Nicholas Cronk Glenn RoeVoltaire's correspondence has been described as his 'greatest masterpiece' – but if it is, it is also his least studied. One of the most prodigious correspondences in Western literature, it poses significant interpretative challenges to the critic and reader alike. Considered individually, the letters present a series of complex, subtle, and playful literary performances; taken together, they constitute a formidable, and even forbidding, ensemble. How can modern readers even attempt to understand such an imposing work? This Element addresses this question through the use of digital reading methods and resources that enhance our understanding of this complex literary object and its relationship to Voltaire's more canonical literary output, and indeed to the Enlightenment world at large. Nicholas Cronk and Glenn Roe provide scholars and students with new pathways into this particular corpus, using tools and approaches that can then be applied to correspondences and life-writing texts in all languages and periods.
Voltaire’s Workshop: The Sources of "Candide"
by Edward M. LangilleCandide is the best-known, most singular expression of Voltaire’s thought, standing out not only within the author’s tremendous output but also within the thousand-year tradition of French literature. It is studied in every major language and its phrases are a part of everyday speech, in English and in French. Yet Voltaire didn’t keep any records about how and when he composed Candide or any hints to its underlying meaning.Beyond popular acclaim, Candide’s status is cemented by the work of critics concerned with the circumstances of its composition. Their research has led to a wealth of secondary literature but surprisingly few conclusions. In Voltaire’s Workshop Edward Langille argues that the 1750 French translation of Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones by Pierre-Antoine de La Place was Candide’s most important source. Langille uncovers a range of similarities – of vocabulary and phrasing, overarching narrative structures, and composition of characters – and pertinent commentary in other works by Voltaire. Through the La Place translation, he argues, Fielding furnished Voltaire with a plot, a framework, and a set of characters that he could rewrite into a text that struck contemporary readers as entirely original.Voltaire’s Workshop addresses one of literature’s greatest mysteries, raising larger questions about how Voltaire worked and wrote fiction and, more broadly, about textual filiations in the eighteenth century.
Volume 16, Tome I: Agamemnon to Guadalquivir (Kierkegaard Research: Sources, Reception and Resources)
by Jon Stewart Katalin NunWhile Kierkegaard is perhaps known best as a religious thinker and philosopher, there is an unmistakable literary element in his writings. He often explains complex concepts and ideas by using literary figures and motifs that he could assume his readers would have some familiarity with. This dimension of his thought has served to make his writings far more popular than those of other philosophers and theologians, but at the same time it has made their interpretation more complex. Kierkegaard readers are generally aware of his interest in figures such as Faust or the Wandering Jew, but they rarely have a full appreciation of the vast extent of his use of characters from different literary periods and traditions. The present volume is dedicated to the treatment of the variety of literary figures and motifs used by Kierkegaard. The volume is arranged alphabetically by name, with Tome I covering figures and motifs from Agamemnon to Guadalquivir.
Volume 16, Tome II: Gulliver to Zerlina (Kierkegaard Research: Sources, Reception and Resources)
by Jon Stewart Katalin NunWhile Kierkegaard is perhaps known best as a religious thinker and philosopher, there is an unmistakable literary element in his writings. He often explains complex concepts and ideas by using literary figures and motifs that he could assume his readers would have some familiarity with. This dimension of his thought has served to make his writings far more popular than those of other philosophers and theologians, but at the same time it has made their interpretation more complex. Kierkegaard readers are generally aware of his interest in figures such as Faust or the Wandering Jew, but they rarely have a full appreciation of the vast extent of his use of characters from different literary periods and traditions. The present volume is dedicated to the treatment of the variety of literary figures and motifs used by Kierkegaard. The volume is arranged alphabetically by name, with Tome II covering figures and motifs from Gulliver to Zerlina.
Voluntary Madness: My Year Lost and Found in the Loony Bin
by Norah VincentThe journalist who famously lived as a man commits herself literally. Norah Vincent's New York Times bestselling book, Self-Made Man, ended on a harrowing note. Suffering from severe depression after her eighteen months living disguised as a man, Vincent felt she was a danger to herself. On the advice of her psychologist she committed herself to a mental institution. Out of this raw and overwhelming experience came the idea for her next book. She decided to get healthy and to study the effect of treatment on the depressed and insane in the bin, as she calls it. Vincent's journey takes her from a big city hospital to a facility in the Midwest and finally to an upscale retreat down south, as she analyzes the impact of institutionalization on the unwell, the tyranny of drugs-as-treatment, and the dysfunctional dynamic between caregivers and patients. Vincent applies brilliant insight as she exposes her personal struggle with depression and explores the range of people, caregivers, and methodologies that guide these strange, often scary, and bizarre environments. Eye opening, emotionally wrenching, and at times very funny, Voluntary Madness is a riveting work that exposes the state of mental health care in America from the inside out.
Voluntary Servitude and the Erotics of Friendship: From Classical Antiquity to Early Modern France
by Marc D. SchachterFocusing primarily on three early modern French authors, this book explores the erotics and politics of "voluntary servitude" in classical antiquity and the early modern period. These authors-Étienne de La Boétie, Michel de Montaigne, and Marie de Gournay-pursue related inquiries into voluntary servitude and self-control in marriage, friendship, pederasty and politics. Marc Schachter shows how Montaigne's intimate textual relationship with La Boétie provides him the opportunity to honor his beloved friend while transforming many of his ideas. Similarly, Marie de Gournay's editorial voluntary servitude to Montaigne provides her the occasion to authorize her own practice as a woman author and to engage critically with Montaigne's ideas even as she celebrates her friendship with him. Schachter's analyses are pursued particularly through the lens of Michel Foucualt's concept of governmentality which, like voluntary servitude, operates on three interrelated scales: self-control, control in interpersonal relationships, and political control. Schachter argues that thinking about the function of voluntary servitude through the lens of governmentality leads to a more nuanced understanding both of Foucault's late work and of the transformational possibilities offered by friendship and voluntary servitude in early modern France.
Volunteer Slavery: My Authentic Negro Experience
by Jill Elizabeth NelsonWhen Jill Nelson became the first black woman to write for The Washington Post's prestigious Sunday magazine in 1986, she thought she had entered journalism heaven. But the magazine proved to be insulting to black readers.
Voluntourism and Language Learning/Teaching: Critical Perspectives (Palgrave Advances in Language and Linguistics)
by Larissa Semiramis Schedel Cori JakubiakThis edited volume extends current voluntourism theorizing by critically examining the intersections among various forms of work-leisure travel and language learning/teaching. The book’s contributors investigate volunteer tourism and its cognates such as working holidaymaking, international internships, and gap year labor, as discursive fields in which powerful ideas about language(s), their speakers, and pedagogical practices are propagated worldwide. The various authors’ chapters shed light on the hegemony of global English, the social consequences of linguistic commodification and neoliberal rationalities, the ways in which speaker identity positions can alter the exchange value of languages, and how language competencies are tied to power in the labor market, among related topics. This volume will be of interest to readers in Applied Linguistics, Critical Sociolinguistics, Educational and Linguistic Anthropology, Tourism and Leisure Studies, Migration and Mobility Studies, and Language Teaching and Learning.
Vom Exposé zum Bucherfolg: Schreib- und PR-Leitfaden für engagierte Autor*innen
by Gabriele BorgmannEin Buch zu schreiben stellt stets eine große Herausforderung dar. Denn immer gilt es, von der Initialidee über die Schreibphase bis zum Marketing mit Wissen und Weitsicht zu agieren. Gabriele Borgmann bietet in ihrem Buch eine umfassende Orientierung in der Welt der vielfältigen Publikationsmöglichkeiten und vermittelt Autor*innen mit ihrem Praxisleitfaden das erfolgsentscheidende Know-how. Den Schwerpunkt legt sie auf das Publizieren in einem Verlag, aber auch Selfpublisher*innen für Sach- und Unternehmensbücher erhalten Arbeitstechniken und ausgewählte Methoden für die Schreib- und PR-Phase. Sie macht Mut, das eigene Buchprojekt voranzutreiben, an den schriftstellerischen Erfolg zu glauben und überzeugt daran zu arbeiten. Sie bestärkt Autor*innen, das eigene Werk vor, bei und nach Erscheinen nachhaltig zu promoten. Für den Bucherfolg sind vier Größen entscheidend: Themenwissen, Schreibstimme, die persönliche Überzeugungskraft der Autor*innen sowie ihre Kontakte und Netzwerke. Die aktualisierte 2. Auflage wurde durchgesehen, verbessert und um das Thema "Lesungen" erweitert.Hinter jedem Erfolg steht Arbeit. Der Wille allein reicht nicht aus, besonders bei Autoren. Das ist das Credo von Gabriele Borgmann. Sie zeigt, wie Sachbücher strukturiert, geschrieben, vermarktet werden. Das macht ihr Buch zum einem Arbeitsbuch für jede Phase. Endlich ist es erschienen!Hermann Scherer
Vom „Theater des Schreckens“ zum „peinlichen Rechte nach der Vernunft“: Literatur und Strafrecht im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert (Literatur und Recht #5)
by Eric Achermann Gideon StieningDas Strafrecht der frühen Neuzeit erfährt zwischen dem beginnenden 17. und dem späten 18. Jahrhundert in Theorie und Praxis grundstürzende Veränderungen. Vor allem im Zuge der Aufklärung wird es entschärft, rationalisiert und teilweise humanisiert. Diese Prozesse werden von der europäischen Literatur kritisch reflektiert und kommentiert, womit es ihr häufig gelingt, in die Strafpraxis einzugreifen. Der Band klärt die moralphilosophischen Grundlagen dieser Entwicklung und untersucht das Wechselverhältnis von Literatur und Recht in Einzelstudien zu bedeutenden Werken der Zeit.
Von Gabe, Gift und Zivilisation: Eine wissenssoziologische Diskursanalyse der öffentlichen Sprachdiskussionen in Kasachstan (Theorie und Praxis der Diskursforschung)
by Alexandr TenDie Studie untersucht die öffentlichen Diskussionen um Kasachisch und Russisch in der ehemaligen Sowjetrepublik Kasachstan aus einer wissenssoziologisch-diskursanalytischen Perspektive. Es wird erforscht, wie verschiedene soziale Akteure die bestehende Sprachsituation in miteinander konkurrierenden Diskursen deuten und wie diese Interpretationen der kasachstanischen Sprachrealität eine spezifische soziolinguistische Ordnung konstituieren. Anhand von Bedeutungen, die dem Kasachischen und Russischen in den Diskurskämpfen zugeschrieben werden, rekonstruiert die Untersuchung den symbolischen Sprachkonflikt als komplexen Aushandlungsprozess über den kulturellen Gabentausch zwischen Kasachen und Russen, in dem die kasachisch-russischen Anerkennungs- und kasachischen Selbstanerkennungsverhältnisse geregelt werden.
Von La Strada bis The Hours - Leidende und souveräne Frauen im Spielfilm
by Andreas Hamburger Vivian Pramataroff-HamburgerWeiblichkeit im Film hat viele Facetten: Starlets und Diven, eigensinnige, tapfere und souveräne Frauenfiguren. Im Kino ist mehr zu erleben als die einfache Formel vom männlichen Blick erwarten lässt. Das Buch zeichnet in 29 psychoanalytischen Interpretationen nach, wie die Inszenierung der Frau im Film auf Zuschauerinnen und Zuschauer wirkt.
Von Mund- und Handwerk: Mündliches und schriftliches Erzählen in kinder- und jugendliterarischen Texten (Studien zu Kinder- und Jugendliteratur und -medien #11)
by Anna Stemmann Thomas BoykenIm Zentrum des Sammelbandes steht das produktive Spannungs- und Beeinflussungsverhältnis von Schriftlichkeiten und Mündlichkeiten in Kinder- und Jugendmedien. Obwohl mündliches und schriftliches Erzählen kategorial anders verlaufen, sind auch die buch- und schriftbasierten Texte poetologisch durch Konzepte des Mündlichen beeinflusst. Dies gilt in besonderer Weise für kinder- und jugendliterarische Texte, wie die Beiträge des Bandes in ausgewählten Fallanalysen belegen.
Von Müll und Menschen: Ökologische Imaginationen in deutschsprachiger Erzählprosa der Gegenwart (Ecocriticism. Literatur-, kultur- und medienwissenschaftliche Perspektiven #3)
by Hanne JanssensIn einer Zeit, in der Ökokritik, Nature Writing und Klimawandelliteratur auch im deutschsprachigen Raum an Bedeutung gewinnen, ist der Begriff des Mülls in der literaturwissenschaftlichen Analyse bislang weitgehend unberücksichtigt geblieben. Die vorliegende Studie schließt diese Lücke und eröffnet neue Perspektiven auf das Potenzial von Müll und Überresten in der deutschsprachigen Erzählprosa der Gegenwart. Aus einer ökopoetischen Perspektive werden die vielfältigen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Literatur, Natur und Abfall untersucht. Anhand einer detaillierten Analyse von Werken von Karen Duve, Christoph Ransmayr, W.G. Sebald, Marion Poschmann, Esther Kinsky und Judith Schalansky wird gezeigt, wie die Darstellung ökologisch gestörter Landschaften und ihrer Abfälle das Verhältnis des Menschen zu seiner Mitwelt und zu dem, was wir ‚Natur‘ nennen, grundlegend herausfordert und neu definiert.
Voneinander lernen: Erfahrungen aus einem Mentoring-Programm für weibliche Nachwuchsführungskräfte
by Christina HeßlingAuf der Basis qualitativer Interviews mit Mentees und Mentor:innen werden in dieser Arbeit verschiedene Aspekte der Mentoring-Beziehung in einem Blended-Mentoring-Setting untersucht. Der Fokus liegt dabei insbesondere auf der Exploration der Beziehung in diesem spezifischen Setting, den potenziellen Lernformen der Mentees und Mentor:innen sowie auf den Lernergebnissen der Mentees und Mentor:innen. Frauen sind in Führungspositionen nach wie vor unterrepräsentiert. Betriebliche Mentoring-Programme sollen hier als Instrumente der Frauenförderung ansetzen und Frauen den Zugang zu Netzwerken ermöglichen sowie zu mehr Sichtbarkeit im Unternehmen verhelfen. Der Kern betrieblicher Mentoring-Programme ist die individuelle Beziehung zwischen den Mentees und den Mentor:innen. Diese Beziehung soll den Mentees Lerngelegenheiten bieten und den Kontakt zu Rollenvorbildern ermöglichen.
Vonnegut & Hemingway: Writers at War
by Lawrence R. BroerIn this original comparative study of Kurt Vonnegut and Ernest Hemingway, Lawrence R. Broer maps the striking intersections of biography and artistry in works by both writers, and he compares the ways in which they blend life and art. Broer views Hemingway as the "secret sharer" of Vonnegut's literary imagination and argues that the two writers—while traditionally considered as adversaries because of Vonnegut's rejection of Hemingway's emblematic hypermasculinism—inevitably address similar deterministic wounds in their fiction: childhood traumas, family insanity, deforming wartime experiences, and depression. Rooting his discussion in these psychological commonalities between Vonnegut and Hemingway, Broer traces their personal and artistic paths by pairing sets of works and protagonists in ways that show the two writers not only addressing similar concerns, but developing a response that in the end establishes an underlying kinship when it comes to the fate of the American hero of the twentieth century. Broer sees Vonnegut and Hemingway as fundamentally at war—with themselves, with one another's artistic visions, and with the idea of war itself. Against this onslaught, he asserts, they wrote as a mode of therapy and achieved literary greatness through combative opposition to the shadows that loomed so large around them.
Vor und nach dem Weltende: Ich, Masse und Mensch in der expressionistischen Lyrik
by Lia Imenes IshidaDieses Buch untersucht die Begriffe „Ich“, „Masse“ und „Mensch“ in der lyrischen Produktion des expressionistischen Jahrzehnts. Die detaillierte Analyse der Einzelwerke von Jakob van Hoddis, Alfred Lichtenstein, René Schickele, Georg Heym, Alfred Wolfenstein, Paul Boldt, Ernst Stadler und Ludwig Rubiner erlaubt zudem einen Einblick in diese wichtige Epoche der deutschen Literatur sowie eine Differenzierung ihrer Hauptströmungen und Phasen. Die Autorin zeigt auch, wie sehr diese literarische Epoche durch den Ersten Weltkrieg bestimmt wurde.
Voracious Children: Who Eats Whom in Children's Literature (Children's Literature and Culture #39)
by Carolyn DanielFirst published in 2006. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Vorurteile – Medien – Gruppen: Wie Vorurteile durch Medienrezeption in Gruppen beeinflusst werden (essentials)
by Johanna Schindler Anne BartschIm Alltag haben viele Menschen fast ausschließlich über Medieninhalte Kontakt zu Angehörigen verschiedener anderer gesellschaftlicher Gruppen (Outgroups). Gleichzeitig nutzen und verarbeiten sie Medieninhalte häufig gemeinsam in ihrer eigenen Gruppe (Ingroup). Johanna Schindler und Anne Bartsch beleuchten den Einfluss der Medienrezeption in Kleingruppen auf Vorurteile gegenüber Outgroups. Dazu systematisieren sie wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zu Vorurteilen und zur Medienrezeption in Gruppen und verbinden diese miteinander. Außerdem stellen die Autorinnen die Ergebnisse einer explorativen Feldstudie vor. Auf diese Weise wird eine integrative Perspektive auf Gruppenphänomene in der modernen Mediengesellschaft ermöglicht.Die AutorinnenJohanna Schindler ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Kommunikationswissenschaft und Medienforschung der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Prof. Dr. Anne Bartsch ist Professorin für Empirische Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft am IfKMW der Universität Leipzig.
Votes That Count and Voters Who Don’t: How Journalists Sideline Electoral Participation (Without Even Knowing It) (Rhetoric and Democratic Deliberation #17)
by Sharon E. Jarvis Soo-Hye HanFor decades, journalists have called the winners of U.S. presidential elections—often in error—well before the closing of the polls. In Votes That Count and Voters Who Don’t, Sharon E. Jarvis and Soo-Hye Han investigate what motivates journalists to call elections before the votes have been tallied and, more importantly, what this and similar practices signal to the electorate about the value of voter participation.Jarvis and Han track how journalists have told the story of electoral participation during the last eighteen presidential elections, revealing how the portrayal of voters in the popular press has evolved over the last half century from that of mobilized partisan actors vital to electoral outcomes to that of pawns of political elites and captives of a flawed electoral system. The authors engage with experiments and focus groups to reveal the effects that these portrayals have on voters and share their findings in interviews with prominent journalists. Votes That Count and Voters Who Don’t not only explores the failings of the media but also shows how the story of electoral participation might be told in ways that support both democratic and journalistic values. At a time when professional strategists are pressuring journalists to provide favorable coverage for their causes and candidates, this book invites academics, organizations, the press, and citizens alike to advocate for the voter’s place in the news.
Voting Deliberatively: FDR and the 1936 Presidential Campaign (Rhetoric and Democratic Deliberation #12)
by Mary E. StuckeyThe 1932 election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt seemed to hold the promise of Democratic domination for years to come. However, leading up to the 1936 election, persistent economic problems, a controversial domestic agenda, and the perception of a weak foreign policy were chipping away at public support. The president faced unrelenting criticism from both the Left and the Right, and it seemed unlikely that he would cruise to the same clear victory he enjoyed in 1932. But 1936 was yet another landslide win for FDR, which makes it easy to forget just how contested the campaign was. In Voting Deliberatively, Mary Stuckey examines little-discussed components of FDR’s 1936 campaign that aided his victory. She reveals four elements of this reelection campaign that have not received adequate attention: the creation of public opinion, the attention paid to local organizations, the focus on specific kinds of interests, and the public rhetoric that tied it all together. Previous studies of the 1936 presidential election discuss elements such as FDR’s vulnerability before the campaign and the weakness of Republican candidate Alf Landon. But these histories pay little attention to the quantity and quality of information Roosevelt acquired, the importance of organizations such as the Good Neighbor League and the Committee of One, the mobilization of the vote, and the ways in which these organizational strategies fused with Roosevelt’s rhetorical strategies. Stuckey shows how these facets combined in one of the largest victories in Electoral College history and provided a template for future victory.
Vowel Inherent Spectral Change
by Geoffrey Stewart Morrison Peter F. AssmannIt has been traditional in phonetic research to characterize monophthongs using a set of static formant frequencies, i.e., formant frequencies taken from a single time-point in the vowel or averaged over the time-course of the vowel. However, over the last twenty years a growing body of research has demonstrated that, at least for a number of dialects of North American English, vowels which are traditionally described as monophthongs often have substantial spectral change. Vowel inherent spectral change has been observed in speakers' productions, and has also been found to have a substantial effect on listeners' perception. In terms of acoustics, the traditional categorical distinction between monophthongs and diphthongs can be replaced by a gradient description of dynamic spectral patterns. This book includes chapters addressing various aspects of vowel inherent spectral change (VISC), including theoretical and experimental studies of the perceptually relevant aspects of VISC, the relationship between articulation (vocal-tract trajectories) and VISC, historical changes related VISC, cross-dialect, cross-language, and cross-age-group comparisons of VISC, the effects of VISC on second-language speech learning, and the use of VISC in forensic voice comparison.
Vowel Patterns in Language
by Rachel WalkerLinguists researching the sounds of languages do not just study lists of sounds but seek to discover generalizations about sound patterns by grouping them into categories. They study the common properties of each category and identify what distinguishes one category from another. Vowel patterns, for instance, are analysed and compared across languages to identify phonological similarities and differences. This original account of vowel patterns in language brings a wealth of cross-linguistic material to the study of vowel systems and offers new theoretical insights. Informed by research in speech perception and production, it addresses the fundamental question of how the relative prominence of word position influences vowel processes and distributions. The book combines a cross-linguistic focus with detailed case studies. Descriptions and analyses are provided for vowel patterns in over 25 languages from around the world, with particular emphasis on minor Romance languages and on the diachronic development of the German umlaut.
Vowel/Glide Alternation in a Theory of Constraint Interaction (Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics)
by Laurence Horn Samuel RosenthallFirst Published in 1997. The alternation between high vowels and glides is shown here to follow from the interaction of phonological constraints as defined by Prince and Smolensky's (1993) Optimality Theory. The alternation stems from simultaneously comparing moraic and nonmoraic parses of high vowels for constraint satisfaction