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Calvinist Humor in American Literature
by Michael DunneThough the phrase "Calvinist humor" may seem to be an oxymoron, Michael Dunne, in highly original and unfailingly interesting readings of major American fiction writers, uncovers and traces two recurrent strands of Calvinist humor descending from Puritan times far into the twentieth century. Calvinist doctrine views mankind as fallen, apt to engage in any number of imperfect behaviors. Calvinist humor, Dunne explains, consists in the perception of this imperfection. When we perceive that only others are imperfect, we participate in the form of Calvinist humor preferred by William Bradford and Nathanael West. When we perceive that others are imperfect, as we all are, we participate in the form preferred by Mark Twain and William Faulkner, for example. Either by noting their characters' inferiority or by observing ways in which we are all far from perfect, Dunne observes, American writers have found much to laugh about and many occasions for Calvinist humor.The two strains of Calvinist humor are alike in making the faults of others more important than their virtues. They differ in terms of what we might think of as the writer/perceiver's disposition: his or her willingness to recognize the same faults in him- or herself. In addition to Bradford, West, Twain and Faulkner, Dunne discovers Calvinist humor in the works of Flannery O'Connor, Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ernest Hemingway, and many others. For these authors, the world -- and thus their fiction -- is populated with flawed creatures. Even after belief in orthodox Calvinism diminished in the twentieth century, Dunne discovers, American writers continued to mine these veins, irrespective of the authors' religious affiliations -- or lack of them. Dunne notes that even when these writers fail to accept the Calvinist view wholeheartedly, they still have a tendency to see some version of Calvinism as more attractive than an optimistic, idealistic view of life.With an eye for the telling detail and a wry humor of his own, Dunne clearly demonstrates that the fundamental Calvinist assumption -- that human beings are fallen from some putatively better state -- has had a surprising, lingering presence in American literature.
Calvino and the Landscape of Childhood
by Claudia Nocentini (Lecturer in Italian, University of Edinburgh)"Although never named as such, the landscape of Sanremo was a visual source for Calvino's fiction. This recurring theme provides both a link between some very different works and an insight into the autobiographical dimension of an author whose attitude to privacy is protective but detached. This work is an analysis of the criteria of representative (and of representational distortion) of a descriptive motif."
Cambridge Approaches to Language Contact: Complexity in Language
by Salikoko Mufwene Christophe Coupé François PellegrinoThe question of complexity, as in what makes one language more 'complex' than another, is a long-established topic of debate amongst linguists. Recently, this issue has been complemented with the view that languages are complex adaptive systems, in which emergence and self-organization play major roles. However, few students of the phenomenon have gone beyond the basic assessment of the number of units and rules in a language (what has been characterized as 'bit complexity') or shown some familiarity with the science of complexity. This book reveals how much can be learned by overcoming these limitations, especially by adopting developmental and evolutionary perspectives. The contributors include specialists of language acquisition, evolution and ecology, grammaticization, phonology, and modeling, all of whom approach languages as dynamical, emergent, and adaptive complex systems.
Cambridge Approaches to Language Contact: Language Contact in Europe
by Bridget DrinkaThis comprehensive new work provides extensive evidence for the essential role of language contact as a primary trigger for change. Unique in breadth, it traces the spread of the periphrastic perfect across Europe over the last 2,500 years, illustrating at each stage the micro-responses of speakers and communities to macro-historical pressures. Among the key forces claimed to be responsible for normative innovations in both eastern and western Europe is 'roofing' - the superstratal influence of Greek and Latin on languages under the influence of Greek Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism respectively. The author provides a new interpretation of the notion of 'sprachbund', presenting the model of a three-dimensional stratified convergence zone, and applies this model to her analysis of the have and be perfects within the Charlemagne sprachbund. The book also tackles broader theoretical issues, for example, demonstrating that the perfect tense should not be viewed as a universal category.
Cambridge Approaches to Language Contact: The Emergence of Hybrid Grammars
by Enoch Oladé AbohChildren are extremely gifted in acquiring their native languages, but languages nevertheless change over time. Why does this paradox exist? In this study of creole languages, Enoch Aboh addresses this question, arguing that language acquisition requires contact between different linguistic sub-systems that feed into the hybrid grammars that learners develop. There is no qualitative difference between a child learning their language in a multilingual environment and a child raised in a monolingual environment. In both situations, children learn to master multiple linguistic sub-systems that are in contact and may be combined to produce new variants. These new variants are part of the inputs for subsequent learners. Contributing to the debate on language acquisition and change, Aboh shows that language learning is always imperfect: learners' motivation is not to replicate the target language faithfully but to develop a system close enough to the target that guarantees successful communication and group membership.
Cambridge Approaches to Language Contact: The Making of Vernacular Singapore English
by Zhiming BaoSingapore English is a focal point across the many subfields of linguistics, as its semantic, syntactic and phonetic/phonological qualities tell us a great deal about what happens when very different types of language come together. Sociolinguists are also interested in the relative status of Singapore English compared to other languages in the country. This book charts the history of Singapore English and explores the linguistic, historical and social factors that have influenced the variety as it is spoken today. It identifies novel grammatical features of the language, discusses their structure and function, and traces their origins to the local languages of Singapore. It places grammatical system and usage at the core of analysis, and shows that introspective and corpus data are complementary. This study will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working on language contact, world varieties of English, historical linguistics and sociolinguistics.
Cambridge Checkpoint English Revision Guide for the Cambridge Secondary 1 Test
by John Reynolds Patricia AcresWith Checkpoint English Revision Guide for the Cambridge Secondary 1 test you can aim for the best grade with the help of relevant and accessible notes, examiner advice plus questions and answers on each key topic. - Clear explanations of every topic covered in the Cambridge Secondary 1 Checkpoint English syllabus - Builds revision skills you need for success in the test - Exam tips wirtten by test setters and examiners giving you their expert advice This text has not been through the Cambridge endorsement process.
Cambridge Checkpoint English Revision Guide for the Cambridge Secondary 1 Test
by John Reynolds Patricia AcresWith Checkpoint English Revision Guide for the Cambridge Secondary 1 test you can aim for the best grade with the help of relevant and accessible notes, examiner advice plus questions and answers on each key topic. - Clear explanations of every topic covered in the Cambridge Secondary 1 Checkpoint English syllabus - Builds revision skills you need for success in the test - Exam tips wirtten by test setters and examiners giving you their expert advice This text has not been through the Cambridge endorsement process.
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary English Revision Guide for the Secondary 1 Test 2nd edition
by Paula AdairAchieve maximum potential using step-by-step guidance that helps to practise skills learned and improve exam technique. - Build confidence with practical study tips and effective revision strategies. - Reinforce understanding with clear explanations of every topic covered in the Cambridge Lower Secondary Checkpoint English curriculum framework, including Spelling, Grammar and Vocabulary. - Strengthen and test knowledge using a range of poetry, fiction and non-fiction texts with related questions and worked examples. Answers to the practice test papers are available free online at www.hoddereducation.com/cambridgeextras
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary English Revision Guide for the Secondary 1 Test 2nd edition
by Paula AdairAchieve maximum potential using step-by-step guidance that helps to practise skills learned and improve exam technique. - Build confidence with practical study tips and effective revision strategies. - Reinforce understanding with clear explanations of every topic covered in the Cambridge Lower Secondary Checkpoint English curriculum framework, including Spelling, Grammar and Vocabulary. - Strengthen and test knowledge using a range of poetry, fiction and non-fiction texts with related questions and worked examples. Answers to the practice test papers are available free online at www.hoddereducation.com/cambridgeextras
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary English Student's Book 7: Third Edition
by John ReynoldsStage 7 has been endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International Education.Put your trust in a market-leading approach that has been used by teachers for over 10 years.Written by experienced author John Reynolds, Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary English offers full coverage of the new Cambridge Lower Secondary English curriculum framework (0861). - Boost confidence and test understanding: Questions within the chapters will help consolidate learning, directing learners to pause and think about what they've read, written or discussed whilst exam-style questions will help develop confidence in preparation for Cambridge Lower Secondary Checkpoint.- Develop key concepts and skills: Information on the key skills such as grammar, punctuation, parts of speech and their functions, vocabulary and spelling is provided with linked exercises to practise these skills.- Engage learners and extend understanding: Cultivate a love of reading with diverse and wide-ranging texts to inspire learners on their reading journey, with carefully chosen discussion and reflection points for each topic.- Cater for all learners: With a series that has been written to ensure language is appropriate for learners from around the world.
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary English Student's Book 7: Third Edition
by John ReynoldsStage 7 has been endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International Education.Put your trust in a market-leading approach that has been used by teachers for over 10 years.Written by experienced author John Reynolds, Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary English offers full coverage of the new Cambridge Lower Secondary English curriculum framework (0861). - Boost confidence and test understanding: Questions within the chapters will help consolidate learning, directing learners to pause and think about what they've read, written or discussed whilst exam-style questions will help develop confidence in preparation for Cambridge Lower Secondary Checkpoint.- Develop key concepts and skills: Information on the key skills such as grammar, punctuation, parts of speech and their functions, vocabulary and spelling is provided with linked exercises to practise these skills.- Engage learners and extend understanding: Cultivate a love of reading with diverse and wide-ranging texts to inspire learners on their reading journey, with carefully chosen discussion and reflection points for each topic.- Cater for all learners: With a series that has been written to ensure language is appropriate for learners from around the world.
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary English Student's Book 8: Third Edition
by John ReynoldsWe are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education to gain endorsement for this forthcoming title.Put your trust in a market-leading approach that has been used by teachers for over 10 years.Written by experienced author John Reynolds, Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary English offers full coverage of the new Cambridge Lower Secondary English curriculum framework (0861). - Boost confidence and test understanding: Questions within the chapters will help consolidate learning, directing learners to pause and think about what they've read, written or discussed whilst exam-style questions will help develop confidence in preparation for Cambridge Lower Secondary Checkpoint.- Develop key concepts and skills: Information on the key skills such as grammar, punctuation, parts of speech and their functions, vocabulary and spelling is provided with linked exercises to practise these skills.- Engage learners and extend understanding: Cultivate a love of reading with diverse and wide-ranging texts to inspire learners on their reading journey, with carefully chosen discussion and reflection points for each topic.- Cater for all learners: With a series that has been written to ensure language is appropriate for learners from around the world.
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary English Student's Book 9 Third Edition
by John ReynoldsThis series has been endorsed by Cambridge International to support the curriculum framework from 2020.Put your trust in a market-leading approach that has been used by teachers for over 10 years.Written by experienced author John Reynolds, Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary English offers full coverage of the new Cambridge Lower Secondary English curriculum framework (0861). - Boost confidence and test understanding: Questions within the chapters will help consolidate learning, directing learners to pause and think about what they've read, written or discussed whilst exam-style questions will help develop confidence in preparation for Cambridge Lower Secondary Checkpoint.- Develop key concepts and skills: Information on the key skills such as grammar, punctuation, parts of speech and their functions, vocabulary and spelling is provided with linked exercises to practise these skills.- Engage learners and extend understanding: Cultivate a love of reading with diverse and wide-ranging texts to inspire learners on their reading journey, with carefully chosen discussion and reflection points for each topic.- Cater for all learners: With a series that has been written to ensure language is appropriate for learners from around the world.
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary World English Student's Book 7
by Daphne Paizee Fiona MacgregorWe are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education to gain endorsement for this forthcoming title.This series offers full coverage of the learning objectives for the Cambridge Lower Secondary English as a Second language curriculum framework (0876) and is mapped to the Common European Framework of Reference.- Stimulate learners with model texts and a range of activities to develop skills, knowledge and comprehension.- Revisit previous knowledge with the 'Do you remember?' feature to recap topics and activate schema, along with practice tasks, exercises and 'Challenge yourself' activities to consolidate learning. - Clearly address the key objectives: reading, writing, speaking, listening and use of English.- Support activities and knowledge covered in the Student's Book with the accompanying Workbook and Teacher's Guide with Boost subscription.
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary World English Student's Book 7
by Daphne Paizee Fiona MacgregorCheckpoint World English Stage 7 has been endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International Education.This series offers full coverage of the learning objectives for the Cambridge Lower Secondary English as a Second language curriculum framework (0876) and is mapped to the Common European Framework of Reference.- Stimulate learners with model texts and a range of activities to develop skills, knowledge and comprehension.- Revisit previous knowledge with the 'Do you remember?' feature to recap topics and activate schema, along with practice tasks, exercises and 'Challenge yourself' activities to consolidate learning. - Clearly address the key objectives: reading, writing, speaking, listening and use of English.- Support activities and knowledge covered in the Student's Book with the accompanying Workbook and Teacher's Guide with Boost subscription.- Audio files are available free at https://www.hoddereducation.co.uk/cambridgeextras
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary World English Student's Book 8
by Daphne Paizee Fiona MacgregorCheckpoint World English Stage 8 has been endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International Education.This series offers full coverage of the learning objectives for the Cambridge Lower Secondary English as a Second language curriculum framework (0876) and is mapped to the Common European Framework of Reference.- Stimulate learners with model texts and a range of activities to develop skills, knowledge and comprehension.- Revisit previous knowledge with the 'Do you remember?' feature to recap topics and activate schema, along with practice tasks, exercises and 'Challenge yourself' activities to consolidate learning. - Clearly address the key objectives: reading, writing, speaking, listening and use of English.- Support activities and knowledge covered in the Student's Book with the accompanying Workbook and Teacher's Guide with Boost subscription.
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary World English Student's Book 8
by Daphne Paizee Fiona MacgregorCheckpoint World English Stage 8 has been endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International Education.This series offers full coverage of the learning objectives for the Cambridge Lower Secondary English as a Second language curriculum framework (0876) and is mapped to the Common European Framework of Reference.- Stimulate learners with model texts and a range of activities to develop skills, knowledge and comprehension.- Revisit previous knowledge with the 'Do you remember?' feature to recap topics and activate schema, along with practice tasks, exercises and 'Challenge yourself' activities to consolidate learning. - Clearly address the key objectives: reading, writing, speaking, listening and use of English.- Support activities and knowledge covered in the Student's Book with the accompanying Workbook and Teacher's Guide with Boost subscription.- Audio files are available free at https://www.hoddereducation.co.uk/cambridgeextras
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary World English Student's Book 9
by Daphne Paizee Fiona MacgregorWe are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education to gain endorsement for this forthcoming title.This series offers full coverage of the learning objectives for the Cambridge Lower Secondary English as a Second language curriculum framework (0876) and is mapped to the Common European Framework of Reference.- Stimulate learners with model texts and a range of activities to develop skills, knowledge and comprehension.- Revisit previous knowledge with the 'Do you remember?' feature to recap topics and activate schema, along with practice tasks, exercises and 'Challenge yourself' activities to consolidate learning. - Clearly address the key objectives: reading, writing, speaking, listening and use of English.- Support activities and knowledge covered in the Student's Book with the accompanying Workbook and Teacher's Guide with Boost subscription.
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary World English Student's Book 9
by Daphne Paizee Fiona MacgregorCheckpoint World English Stage 9 is endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International Education.This series offers full coverage of the learning objectives for the Cambridge Lower Secondary English as a Second language curriculum framework (0876) and is mapped to the Common European Framework of Reference.- Stimulate learners with model texts and a range of activities to develop skills, knowledge and comprehension.- Revisit previous knowledge with the 'Do you remember?' feature to recap topics and activate schema, along with practice tasks, exercises and 'Challenge yourself' activities to consolidate learning. - Clearly address the key objectives: reading, writing, speaking, listening and use of English.- Support activities and knowledge covered in the Student's Book with the accompanying Workbook and Teacher's Guide with Boost subscription.- Audio files are available free at https://www.hoddereducation.co.uk/cambridgeextras
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary World English for the Secondary 1 Test Revision Guide
by Daphne Paizee Fiona MacgregorAchieve maximum potential using step-by-step guidance that helps to practise skills learned and improve exam technique.- Build confidence with practical study tips and effective revision strategies.- Reinforce understanding with clear explanations of every topic covered in the Cambridge Lower Secondary Checkpoint curriculum framework with a focus on Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening and Use of English.- Strengthen and test language and vocabulary skills with a range of questions and worked examples.Answers and audio recordings are available free online at www.hoddereducation.com/cambridgeextras
Cambridge Checkpoint Lower Secondary World English for the Secondary 1 Test Revision Guide
by Daphne Paizee Fiona MacgregorAchieve maximum potential using step-by-step guidance that helps to practise skills learned and improve exam technique.- Build confidence with practical study tips and effective revision strategies.- Reinforce understanding with clear explanations of every topic covered in the Cambridge Lower Secondary Checkpoint curriculum framework with a focus on Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening and Use of English.- Strengthen and test language and vocabulary skills with a range of questions and worked examples.Answers and audio recordings are available free online at www.hoddereducation.com/cambridgeextras
Cambridge Classical Studies: Juvenal and the Poetics of Anonymity (Cambridge Classical Studies)
by Tom GeueThe satirist Juvenal remains one of antiquity's greatest question marks. His Satires entered the mainstream of the classical tradition with nothing more than an uncertain name and a dubious biography to recommend them. Tom Geue argues that the missing author figure is no mere casualty of time's passage, but a startling, concerted effect of the Satires themselves. Scribbling dangerous social critique under a historical maximum of paranoia, Juvenal harnessed this dark energy by wiping all traces of himself - signature, body, biographical snippets, social connections - from his reticent texts. This last major ambassador of a once self-betraying genre took a radical leap into the anonymous. Juvenal and the Poetics of Anonymity tracks this mystifying self-concealment over the whole Juvenalian corpus. Through probing close readings, it shows how important the missing author was to this satire, and how that absence echoes and amplifies the neurotic politics of writing under surveillance.
Cambridge Classical Studies: Latin Literature and its Transmission
by Richard HunterThis is a series of innovative studies in the textual and literary criticism of Latin literature, exploring how these two branches of the discipline are mutually supportive. The contributors include many leading scholars in the field. Individual essays are devoted to Catullus, Cicero, Horace, Lucretius, Ovid, Tacitus and Virgil, and there are also essays on the Renaissance reception of Virgil and on principles of editorial practice. The collection celebrates the extraordinary contribution which Michael Reeve has made and continues to make to Latin studies.
Cambridge Classical Studies: Oscan in the Greek Alphabet
by Nicholas ZairOscan was spoken in Southern Italy in the second half of the first millennium BC. Here, for the first time, all the evidence for the spelling of Oscan in the Greek alphabet is collected and examined. Understanding the orthography of these inscriptions has far-reaching implications for the historical phonology and morphology of Oscan and the Italic languages (for example providing unique evidence for the reconstruction of the genitive plural). A striking discovery is the lack of a standardised orthography for Oscan in the Greek alphabet, which seriously problematises attempts to date inscriptions by assuming the consistent chronological development of spelling features. There are also intriguing insights into the linguistic situation in South Italy. Rather than a separate community of Oscan-speakers who had adopted and subsequently adapted the Greek alphabet in isolation, we should posit groups who were in touch with contemporary developments in Greek orthography due to widespread Greek-Oscan bilingualism.