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Guarantees of Non-Repetition in International Human Rights Law and Transitional Justice: Building Peace after Conflict (ISSN)
by Nita ShalaThis book examines the understudied, yet increasingly applied, concept of Guarantees of Non-Repetition under international human rights law and transitional justice.Guarantees of Non-Repetition (GNRs) are measures taken to ensure that human rights abuses do not recur. They are especially crucial in post-war contexts marked by severe and systematic violations. However, although they are increasingly invoked, GNRs are not well understood, and they have so far received only limited theoretical and practical analysis. Tracing their development to the influence of international human rights law, this book considers what GNRs are, how and why they have come about, and how GNRs are implemented. Through an explication of the history, law and jurisprudence of GNR’s – in regional mechanisms in Latin America, Europe, and Asia, as well as in international bodies – the book maintains the increasing importance, and as yet unfulfilled potential, of this legal obligation in transitional justice settings.This first book to analyse the development of GNRs and their application will appeal to scholars in the areas of law and transitional justice, public policy, and socio-legal studies, as well as lawyers and policy-makers working in post-conflict situations.
Guardians of Public Value: How Public Organisations Become and Remain Institutions
by Arjen Boin Paul ‘t Hart Lauren A. FahyThis open access book presents case studies of twelve organisations which the public have come to view as institutions. From the BBC to Doctors Without Borders, from the Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra to CERN, this volume examines how some organisations rise to prominence and remain in high public esteem through changing and challenging times. It builds upon the scholarly tradition of institutional scholarship pioneered by Philip Selznick, and highlights common themes in the stories of these highly diverse organizations; demonstrating how leadership, learning, and luck all play a role in becoming and remaining an institution. This case study format makes this volume ideal for classroom use and practitioners alike. In an era where public institutions are increasingly under threat, this volume offers concrete lessons for contemporary organisation leaders.
Guardianships and the Elderly
by Sam, MD SugarImagine a system of justice in this country that strips its citizens of their Constitutional rights, voids their existing legal documents, gives others the right to spend their money and sell their assets, isolates them, and has the ability to limit the time they can spend with their loved ones. While you may be thinking of the criminal justice system, the previous description refers to a parallel system that preys on the elderly and is determined to deem them unable to care for themselves. It is a system that allows those in control to take full advantage of their &“wards of the state&”—legally and under the watchful eyes of judges. It is called guardianship.Guardianship exists in every state, and while it has gone under the radar for many decades, Dr. Sam Sugar&’s new book, Guardianships and the Elderly, sheds light on this system, which enables those in-the-know to commit &“the perfect crime.&” Dr. Sugar, a licensed physician and president of the Americans Against Abusive Probate Guardianship (AAAPG), as well as a victim of the system himself, has written a unique guide that can be used by anyone caught up in the world of guardianship.The book begins by looking at the history of guardianship—from ancient times till today. It then provides a clear overview of how this system is set up to work—from the triggers that set it off to the different groups of people that make up the process: the judges, the guardians, and all their associates. The book goes on to detail the responsibilities given to these players and describes how easily they can manipulate the system to their own advantage. It also presents an accurate picture of just how difficult it is to free a family member from the system. There are things loved ones can do to fight the system, to be sure, but many obstacles and pitfalls await them in the battle. This book is meant to prepare the reader for these eventualities and includes a comprehensive glossary, a helpful resource section, and a number of documents that may prove useful in the pursuit of real justice.While the press has exposed some of the most heinous crimes committed by guardians, for the most part, those who know how to work the system continue to plunder their victims&’ estates. Guardianships and the Elderly is designed to explain the guardianship process clearly and make the reader aware of the common violations carried out by court insiders and their affiliates. The information found in this book can serve as a powerful tool when it comes to uncovering their crimes.
Guatemala corrupta
by Henry Bin Edwin PitánPase y juzgue usted estas dieciocho historias tan reales como la vida misma. ¿Será que todos y todas deberíamos repensar el país? Como si se tratara de una novela de suspense por entregas, leemos y escuchamos a diario en distintos medios periodísticos verdaderas historias de corrupción, en las que figuras de la vida pública de este país -léase: diputados, presidentes, alcaldes, ministros, jueces, abogados- son los villanos, por ruines e indignos, de una trama que nos irrita, ofende y avergüenza. Pero ¿qué sucede cuando estos personajes oscuros son personas como nosotros? Nuestra vecina, un ingeniero, un carnicero, una dependiente de farmacia, un profesor de secundaria o catedrático universitario, un profesional de la fotografía, un empleador, el colaborador de una gran cadena de restaurante y su gerente… ¿Reaccionamos de la misma manera o somos permisivos? ¿Lo justificamos porque quizásnosotros también hemos caído en las mismas prácticas? "Punzante y audaz. Eso es Guatemala corrupta. Los lectores van a recorrer desde los pasillos más inhóspitos hasta las oficinas más elegantes con historias cotidianas que nos harán reír y lamentar: la corrupción está en todos lados, y este es un espejo que retrata al país de cuerpo entero." -Claudia Méndez Arriaza, periodista
Guerra sin cuartel: Terminar con la inseguridad en la Argentina
by Patricia BullrichPatricia Bullrich, ministra de Seguridad del gobierno de Mauricio Macri, cuenta en primera persona los desafíos más importantes que enfrentó en su gestión y brinda su visión sobre la seguridad en la Argentina al tiempo que defiende a la ley y el orden, y a los encargados de hacerla cumplir y mantenerlo, como reaseguros de la democracia. El 10 de diciembre de 2015 Patricia Bullrich, por entonces reconocida por sus posiciones firmes contra la delincuencia, se hizo cargo del Ministerio de Seguridad de la Nación por pedido del presidente electo Mauricio Macri. Ya en funciones, su lucha frontal contra el crimen organizado y su tenaz defensa del papel institucional de las fuerzas de seguridad federales, le valieron el reconocimiento de amplios sectores de la población y, al mismo tiempo, el embate de núcleos radicalizados de organizaciones de derechos humanos y de sectores de opinión autodenominados garantistas. En este libro, Bullrich presenta por primera vez al gran público los desafíos que tuvo que enfrentar en su gestión, y lo hace desde dos perspectivas aunadas: una, estratégica, asociada a la ejecución de política pública propia de su función; la otra, más personal y humana, expresada en infinidad de anécdotas cotidianas. En ese doble registro, estas páginas se ocupan de problemas que van del narcotráfico y el terrorismo a casos como el de la muerte de Santiago Maldonado y la seguridad de la Cumbre del G-20, pasando por las fronteras "calientes" de nuestro país, la presencia policial en las calles y el protocolo de uso de armas por parte de las fuerzas de seguridad. Testimonio indispensable en tiempos en que millones de argentinos claman por seguridad, Guerra sin cuartel es también una defensa valiente y apasionada del valor de la ley y el orden en democracia. «Como ministra de Seguridad de la República Argentina he debido librar una guerra contra el crimen organizado y sus cómplices en la política y en ciertas organizaciones de la sociedad civil; 'sin cuartel' porque no tuve un solo día de tregua y también porque los ataques provenían de los más diversos ángulos, sin una trinchera visible. A pesar de todo, estoy convencida de haber contribuido a devolver el respeto a la ley y a quienes están a cargo de hacerla cumplir en la Argentina».Patricia Bullrich
Guerra y Paz en Irlanda del Norte
by Jacobo CelnikEn 2023 se cumplen 25 años del Proceso de Paz de Irlanda del Norte. Un libro que rememora una época oscura en las voces de quienes lo vivieron El 22 de mayo de 1998, los irlandeses del Norte, sin importar su religión, le dijeron sí a la paz. Ese 71,2?% que refrendó el Acuerdo de Viernes Santo le dio la oportunidad a la provincia del Úlster de dejar atrás treinta años de violencia sectaria para encarar un futuro esperanzador. Perfecta o imperfecta, la paz en Irlanda del Norte ha sido estable, inspiradora y ejemplo para muchas sociedades inmersas en conflictos sociales, políticos, religiosos y territoriales. Guerra y Paz en Irlanda del Norte es una investigación que reconstruye gran parte de la historia de dicho territorio -desde los tiempos de la Conquista británica, pasando por los intentos de independencia delpoder colonial a inicios del siglo XX y por el surgimiento de fuerzas paramilitares que lucharon férreamente por sus intereses, hasta la partición que dio origen a dos países: Irlanda del Norte y la República de Irlanda-, con énfasis en la violencia sectaria de finales de los años sesenta y el proceso de paz. El autor sustenta su investigación con testimonios exclusivos de diversos actores del conflicto norirlandés, como exmiembros del IRA, de los Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) y del Ejército Británico, además de políticos, periodistas, diplomáticos, académicos, artistas y ciudadanos del común, quienes ofrecen su visión y sus recuerdos de una historia que no tiene una única verdad.
Guerrilla Discovery
by Ashley LipsonGuerrilla Discovery Most litigation and settlement outcomes are determined in quarrelsome discovery fights. Coercion and confrontation are usually necessary to obtain evidence on the hotly-contested issues. To help you win more of these important discovery skirmishes, Ashley Lipson's Guerrilla Discovery offers dozens of clever strategies, novel arguments, direct answers, cautionary instructions, helpful timelines, tactically-annotated rules, and innovative forms that will help you handle even the most defiant deponents. In addition, Guerrilla Discovery: * Offers answers and solid principles on how to propose and oppose virtually every form of evidence. * Provides instant access to cases, statutes and checklists that will help you lay solid foundations, make accurate objections, and effectively examine. * Divides the universe of evidence into four categories -- testimonial, documentary, real and demonstrative -- providing extreme detail in a concise, organized manner.
Guerrilla Marketing: Cutting-edge strategies for the 21st century
by Jay LevinsonThe book every small-business owner should ownFirst published in 1983, Jay Levinson's Guerrilla Marketing has become a classic in the field of business, revolutionising marketing for small businesses all over the world and creating a new way to understand market share and how to gain it. In this completely updated and expanded fourth edition of Levinson's first Guerrilla Marketing book, his take-no-prisoners approach to finding clients is on full display, as he offers hundreds of marketing ideas that really work and a new roadmap for small-business success in the global marketplace. Filled with leading-edge strategies for marketing on the Internet, putting new technologies to work, targeting prospects, cultivating repeat and referral business, and managing in the age of telecommuting and freelance employees, among others, Guerrilla Marketing will be the entrepreneur's marketing bible for the twenty-first century.
Guida completa al VISTO PER STUDENTI negli USA
by Dr Dipak Kumar SharmaQuesto è "il libro di tutti i libri" per quanto riguarda il visto americano. Contiene tutte le informazioni necessarie dalla raccolta dei documenti per richiedere il visto all'ottenimento della cittadinanza. È utile sia a chi sta pensando di studiare negli USA sia a chi si trova già lì e ha bisogno di chiarimenti su alcuni punti. La sua stesura sotto forma di domande e risposte fa luce su qualsiasi passo della procedura di domanda, il viaggio, l'università, la vita, il lavoro, l'uscita e la cittadinanza. Il libro è disponibile anche in inglese, spagnolo, portoghese e cinese.
Guidance for Healthcare Ethics Committees
by D. Micah Hester Toby SchonfeldEvery accredited American hospital is required to have a mechanism for handling ethical concerns; most hospitals satisfy this requirement by constituting an institutional healthcare ethics committee (HEC), a pattern which is repeated in most western countries. This text provides definitive, comprehensive guidance for members of healthcare ethics committees who find themselves confronted with ethically challenging situations. Each chapter includes learning objectives, clinical case studies and questions to stimulate discussion among committee members. Particular emphasis is given to consultation, as this often presents the greatest challenges to committee members. Each chapter stands alone as a teaching module, as well as forming part of a comprehensive volume. Written and edited by nationally and internationally recognized experts in bioethics, this is essential reading for every member of a healthcare ethics committee.
Guide To Computer Forensics And Investigations: Processing Digital Evidence (Fifth Edition)
by Amelia Phillips Bill Nelson Christopher SteuartUpdated with the latest advances from the field, GUIDE TO COMPUTER FORENSICS AND INVESTIGATIONS, Fifth Edition combines all-encompassing topic coverage and authoritative information from seasoned experts to deliver the most comprehensive forensics resource available. This proven author team’s wide ranging areas of expertise mirror the breadth of coverage provided in the book, which focuses on techniques and practices for gathering and analyzing evidence used to solve crimes involving computers. Providing clear instruction on the tools and techniques of the trade, it introduces readers to every step of the computer forensics investigation-from lab set-up to testifying in court. It also details step-by-step guidance on how to use current forensics software. Appropriate for learners new to the field, it is also an excellent refresher and technology update for professionals in law enforcement, investigations, or computer security.
Guide to Audit Data Analytics
by AicpaDesigned to facilitate the use of audit data analytics (ADAs) in the financial statement audit, this title was developed by leading experts across the profession and academia. The guide defines audit data analytics as “the science and art of discovering and analyzing patterns, identifying anomalies, and extracting other useful information in data underlying or related to the subject matter of an audit through analysis, modeling, and visualization for planning or performing the audit.” Simply put, ADAs can be used to perform a variety of procedures to gather audit evidence. Each chapter focuses on an audit area and includes step-by-step guidance illustrating how ADAs can be used throughout the financial statement audit. Suggested considerations for assessing the reliability of data are also included in a separate appendix.
Guide to Computer Forensics and Investigations: Processing Digital Evidence
by Amelia Phillips Bill Nelson Christopher SteuartUpdated with the latest advances from the field, GUIDE TO COMPUTER FORENSICS AND INVESTIGATIONS, Fifth Edition combines all-encompassing topic coverage, authoritative information from seasoned experts, and real-world applications to deliver the most comprehensive forensics resource available. This proven author team's wide ranging areas of expertise mirror the breadth of coverage provided in the book, which focuses on techniques and practices for gathering and analyzing evidence used to solve crimes involving computers. While other books offer more of an overview of the field, this hands-on learning text provides clear instruction on the tools and techniques of the trade, introducing readers to every step of the computer forensics investigation-from lab set-up to testifying in court. It also details step-by-step guidance on how to use current forensics software and provides free demo downloads. Appropriate for learners new to the field, it is also an excellent refresher and technology update for professionals in law enforcement, investigations, or computer security.
Guide to Data Privacy: Models, Technologies, Solutions (Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science)
by Vicenç TorraData privacy technologies are essential for implementing information systems with privacy by design.Privacy technologies clearly are needed for ensuring that data does not lead to disclosure, but also that statistics or even data-driven machine learning models do not lead to disclosure. For example, can a deep-learning model be attacked to discover that sensitive data has been used for its training? This accessible textbook presents privacy models, computational definitions of privacy, and methods to implement them. Additionally, the book explains and gives plentiful examples of how to implement—among other models—differential privacy, k-anonymity, and secure multiparty computation.Topics and features:Provides integrated presentation of data privacy (including tools from statistical disclosure control, privacy-preserving data mining, and privacy for communications)Discusses privacy requirements and tools for different types of scenarios, including privacy for data, for computations, and for usersOffers characterization of privacy models, comparing their differences, advantages, and disadvantagesDescribes some of the most relevant algorithms to implement privacy modelsIncludes examples of data protection mechanismsThis unique textbook/guide contains numerous examples and succinctly and comprehensively gathers the relevant information. As such, it will be eminently suitable for undergraduate and graduate students interested in data privacy, as well as professionals wanting a concise overview.Vicenç Torra is Professor with the Department of Computing Science at Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Guide to Environment Safety and Health Management: Developing, Implementing, and Maintaining a Continuous Improvement Program (Systems Innovation Book Series)
by Frances Alston Emily J. MillikinDevelopment and execution of a successful ES&H program in today's profit-driven business climate is challenging and complex. The techniques outlined in this book provide guidance and aid in understanding the challenges that must be addressed by ES&H management and professionals. This book covers the primary areas of ES&H and key elements that should be considered in developing, managing, and implementing an effective, compliant and cost effective program. It to fulfills the need that exists in the workplace for guidance from a practical experience view point.
Guide to Forensic Pathology
by Jay DixGuide to Forensic Pathology provides a concise overview of forensic pathology to those who wish to know the basics but lack formal forensic training. Both fascinating and practical, this book explains everything from who the experts are in death investigation and what their roles are to how effective testimonies are presented in court. The importance of forensic DNA testing is emphasized with a separate section in this timely reference guide.
Guide to Intellectual Property: What it is, How to Protect it, How to Exploit it (Economist Books)
by Stephen JohnsonIntellectual Property (IP) is often a company’s single most valuable asset. And yet IP is hard to value, widely misunderstood and frequently under-exploited. IP accounts for an estimated $5trn of GDP in the US alone. It covers patents, trademarks, domain names, copyrights, designs and trade secrets. Unsurprisingly, companies zealously guard their own ideas and challenge the IP of others. Damages arising from infringements have fostered a sizeable claims industry. But IP law is complex, and the business, financial and legal issues around it are difficult to navigate. Court decisions and interpretation of IP laws can be unpredictable, and can dramatically change the fortunes of businesses that rely on their IP - as demonstrated in the pharmaceutical industry’s battle with generic drugs. This comprehensive guide to intellectual property will help companies, investors, and creative thinkers understand the scope and nature of IP issues, pose the right questions to their advisers and maximize the value from this crucial intangible asset.
Guide to Philosophy
by C. E. M. JoadJoad's 'Guide to Philosophy' examines systematically but non-technically the central questions of philosophical thought since classical times—Is there a plan to the universe? Is mind unique and independent or a mere secretion of the brain? Is there such a thing as free will? These and similar questions in the theory of knowledge and in metaphysics are introduced, the reasons why they are so much discussed are shown, and the methods by which the discussions have been pursued through the centuries are illustrated. The examination is, for the most part, in terms of opposed solutions- subjective idealism vs. realism, teleology vs. chance, causation vs. temporalism, logical positivism vs. vitalism and modern idealism. Under each problem area, the contributions of each of the major philosophers—Plato, Aristotle, the Scholastics, Kant, Hegel, Leibnitz, William James, and many others—are considered, with such milestones as Plato's theory of ideas, Aristotle's criticism, Kant's and Hegel's philosophical systems, Bergson's philosophy, and Whitehead's philosophy each receiving a chapter or more.
Guide to RIBA Professional Services Contracts 2018
by Ian DaviesThe 2018 edition of this guide explains how to use, understand and get the most out of the RIBA Professional Services Contracts, which have been updated from the RIBA Agreements 2010 (and 2012 revision). With guidance on how to choose, prepare and complete the right contract, it is an essential companion for anyone using these industry-standard forms. The guide is written for architects and consultants to help practitioners develop a greater understanding of the role and responsibility of each party to the agreement.
Guide to the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements: Development, Interpretation, and Application
by Marsha D. M. FowlerThis is an essential resource for nursing classrooms, in-service training, workshops and conferences, self-study, and wherever nursing professionals use ANA’s Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements in their daily practice. Each chapter of this comprehensively revised text is devoted to a single Code provision. For convenience of reference, the text of ANA’s Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements is included as an appendix. This book will challenge each nurse to achieve deeper professional and personal understanding, and will provide a foundation for professional pride. From the classroom to professional practice, nurses in all roles or settings will find this book to be a powerful tool for learning how to examine and apply the values, duties, ideals and commitments of their living ethical tradition to their practice.
Guide to the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction: The Red Book 2017
by Michael D. RobinsonEnables readers to easily understand the contract to enable better compliance and efficiency Guide to the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction: The Red Book 2017 helps the reader overcome some of the difficulties encountered on a typical international construction project using the FIDIC Construction Contract 2nd Edition (the 2017 Red Book), by summarizing the activities and duties of those involved, and crystallizing the requirements of the contract. To aid in reader comprehension, the text explains clauses in the sequence they appear in the contract, but also in the order they happen in real time on site. It further provides practical guidance in a concise manner, and in straightforward, jargon-free language. It is a highly practical resource for use during the project, rather than a legal review of the contractual requirements, ensuring readers are fully conversant with the revised requirements and procedures mandated by the 2017 edition of the contract. Guide to the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction: The Red Book 2017 includes: A review of the duties and responsibilities of the three parties, the Employer, the Engineer and the Contractor, engaged on a FIDIC-based Contract A review of the flow of documentation and instructions which is to be provided by one party to another party throughout the contract period Practical guidelines are provided for the avoidance of disputes and delays in order that contracts are completed as plannedGuide to the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction: The Red Book 2017 is a practical and highly useful resource for engineers, consultants, project managers, and others who are engaged in the site management of international projects using the FIDIC Construction Contract, along with those involved in contractual administration on behalf of the client.
Guide to the JCT Design and Build Contract - 2024 Edition
by Seán Mac LabhraíThis book provides a comprehensive guide to the 2024 edition of the JCT Design and Build Contract. It offers a straightforward reference to help practitioners understand the rights and obligations of the parties, and to administrate the Contract in an accurate and timely manner.Part 1 provides commentary on all the key provisions of the Contract, in plain English. It adopts the same structure as the Contract and includes the relevant extracts to reduce the need for cross-referencing. There is also guidance on current market practice, and recommendations for best practice.Part 2 contains over 300 corresponding resources for the administration of the Contract, by both the Contractor and the Employer. It includes notice and other correspondence templates, checklists, and trackers to assist record keeping.Written to meet the needs of busy construction practitioners, this is an accessible, practical reference for those acting on behalf of the Contractor and the Employer (and Employer’s Agent), including project teams, consultants, and advisors. It is also ideally suited for students of construction law.
Guide to the WTO and GATT: Economics, Law and Politics
by Autar Krishen KoulThis book analyzes how today's system of international trade law and international economic relations has evolved over the last six decades. Focusing on the major innovations that came with the inception of the World Trade Organization (WTO) with its various agreements in 1994, it also provides in-depth commentary on the intense debate over important matters that remain unsettled. Topics covered include the WTO dispute settlement mechanism; the General Agreement on Trade in Services (OATS); the Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS); intellectual property rights – the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS); areas still covered by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947; the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) concept; special provisions relating to agriculture and textiles; sanitary and phytosanitary measures; technical barriers to trade; pre-shipment inspection; and import licensing procedures. The book would be an excellent resource for scholars as well as practitioners working in the field of international arbitration and trade laws.
Guide: SOC 2 Reporting on an Examination of Controls at a Service Organization Relevant to Security, Availability, Processing Integrity, Confidentiality, or Privacy (AICPA)
by AicpaUpdated as of January 1, 2018, this guide includes relevant guidance contained in applicable standards and other technical sources. It explains the relationship between a service organization and its user entities, provides examples of service organizations, describes the description criteria to be used to prepare the description of the service organization’s system, identifies the trust services criteria as the criteria to be used to evaluate the design and operating effectiveness of controls, explains the difference between a type 1 and type 2 SOC 2 report, and provides illustrative reports for CPAs engaged to examine and report on system and organization controls at a service organization. It also describes the matters to be considered and procedures to be performed by the service auditor in planning, performing, and reporting on SOC 2 and SOC 3 engagements.New to this edition are: Updated for SSAE No. 18 (clarified attestation standards), this guide has been fully conformed to reflect lessons learned in practice Contains insight from expert authors on the SOC 2 working group composed of CPAs who perform SOC 2 and SOC 3 engagements Includes illustrative report paragraphs describing the matter that gave rise to the report modification for a large variety of situations Includes a new appendix for performing and reporting on a SOC 2 examination in accordance with International Standards on Assurance Engagements (ISAEs) or in accordance with both the AICPA’s attestation standards and the ISAEs
Guidelines for Investigating Officer-Involved Shootings, Arrest-Related Deaths, and Deaths in Custody (Routledge Series on Practical and Evidence-Based Policing)
by Darrell L. Ross Gary M. VilkeAs unrest over officer-involved shootings and deaths in custody takes center stage in conversations about policing and the criminal justice system, Guidelines for Investigating Officer-Involved Shootings, Arrest-Related Deaths, and Deaths in Custody addresses critical investigation components from an expert witness perspective, providing the insights necessary to ensure a complete investigation. Investigating a custodial death or an officer involved in a shooting presents unique and complex issues: estate, community, judicial, agency, involved officer, and public policy interests are all at stake. These types of deaths present various emerging medical, psychological, legal and liability, technical, and investigatory issues that must be addressed through a comprehensive investigation. This book is ideal for students in criminal investigation, death investigation, crime scene investigation, and special topic courses in custodial deaths and officer-involved shootings, as well as for death investigators, law enforcement officers, police administrators, and attorneys.