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Bargaining with the State from Afar: American Citizenship in Treaty Port China, 1844-1942

by Eileen Scully

In the early 1990s, when organizations representing the 2.6 million U.S. nationals living abroad appealed to Congress for their own non-voting representative, the response of one Senator was to dismiss these "moans of the mink-swathed Americans abroad." However, the image of a life of luxury abroad is usually a harsher reality complicated by income taxes, military duty, and legal jurisdiction. What exactly is the obligation of a state toward citizens who live outside its borders? Bargaining with the State from Afar traces the relationship between the United States federal government and sojourning Americans living in the colonial enclaves of pre-World War II China. This group of Americans was not subject to Chinese law, but rather to an amalgam of laws borrowed from the District of Columbia and other territorial codes, as well as to local ordinances enacted by foreigners themselves. Scully explores U.S. government efforts to police this anomalous zone in the American policy and places the struggle between federal officials and sojourning U.S. nationals in the larger context of changing international law and modern citizenship regimes.She argues that the American experience with extraterritorial justice in China offers an important new vantage point from which to examine a singular area in the history of modern states. This case study of U.S. consular jurisdiction reveals the legal, political, and cultural process through which modern states have struggled to govern citizens outside their borders. Scully's examination of the U. S. Court for China is one of the first serious analysis of this anomalous institution.

Barney: Grove Press and Barney Rosset: America’s Maverick Publisher and His Battle against Censorship

by Michael Rosenthal

An incisive, compulsively readable biography of the man the Guardian called the most influential avant-garde publisher of the twentieth century.An impetuous outsider who delighted in confronting American hypocrisy and prudery, Barney Rosset liberated American culture from the constraints of Puritanism. As the head of Grove Press, he single-handedly broke down the laws against obscenity, changing forever the nature of writing and publishing in this country. He brought to the reading public the European avant-garde, among them Samuel Beckett and Harold Pinter, radical political and literary voices such as Malcolm X, Che Guevara, and Jack Kerouac, steamy Victorian erotica, and banned writers such as D. H. Lawrence, Henry Miller, and William Burroughs. His almost mystical belief in the sacrosanct nature of the First Amendment essentially demarcates the before and after of American publishing.Barney explores how Grove's landmark legal victories freed publishers to print what they wanted, and it traces Grove's central role in the countercultural ferment of the sixties and early seventies. Drawing on the Rosset papers at Columbia University and personal interviews with former Grove Press staff members, friends, and wives, it tells the fascinating story of this feisty, abrasive, visionary, and principled cultural revolutionary—a modern Huckleberry Finn according to Nobel Prize–winning novelist Kenzaburo Oe—who altered the reading habits of a nation.

Barred from the Bar: A History of Women and the Legal Profession (Women Then - Women Now)

by Hedda Garza

This is an account of women's attempts to become practicing lawyers, gain entrance to law schools, and to obtain the same legal rights as men, such as the right to hold property, etc. This book begins with the American Revolutionary war when women had few legal rights at all and extends to the appointment of the first women to the Supreme Court bench.

Barred: Why the Innocent Can't Get Out of Prison

by Daniel S. Medwed

A groundbreaking exposé of how our legal system makes it nearly impossible to overturn wrongful convictions Thousands of innocent people are behind bars in the United States. But proving their innocence and winning their release is nearly impossible. In Barred, legal scholar Daniel S. Medwed argues that our justice system&’s stringent procedural rules are largely to blame for the ongoing punishment of the innocent. Those rules guarantee criminal defendants just one opportunity to appeal their convictions directly to a higher court. Afterward, the wrongfully convicted can pursue only a few narrow remedies. Even when there is strong evidence of a miscarriage of justice, rigid guidelines, bias, and deference toward lower courts all too often prevent exoneration. Offering clear explanations of legal procedures alongside heart-wrenching stories of their devastating impact, Barred exposes how the system is stacked against the innocent and makes a powerful call for change.

Barron's Real Estate Licensing Exams: Salesperson, Broker, and Appraiser (Barron's Educational Series)

by Jack P. Friedman Bruce Linderman

<p>In recent years, legal, social, economic, and financial matters affecting real estate have become more complex, creating greater educational needs for those who are engaged in the real estate business. In today's environment, a salesperson, broker, or appraiser cannot survive solely on a pleasant disposition and a neat appearance. <p>Real estate professionals must be aware of and obey federal, state, and local regulations. They need in-depth knowledge of each property being brokered, including its physical surroundings and its economic, legal, social, and political environment. In recognition of these needs, most states have adopted more stringent standards for the licensure of real estate brokers and salespersons. <p>These standards include more education, more rigorous examinations, or both. Population mobility, the need for licensure reciprocity, increased federal regulation, and greater communication and cooperation between state license law officials have all led to greater uniformity in real estate licensing standards. <p>This study guide and test preparation manual has been updated to provide the latest information in real estate finance, federal law and regulation, and appraisal license requirements. <p> <li>Explains all aspects of real estate law and finance, including contracts, deeds, appraisals, brokerage, leasing, mortgages, federal regulation of Fair Housing, Truth-in-Lending, and environmental matters <li>Presents more than 1,600 practice questions similar to those found on licensing exams, including 9 model tests <li>All questions answered and explained</li> </p>

Bartlett: el impune

by Martín Moreno

Bartlett, el impune, está armado con entrevistas, documentos reveladores, datos duros amargos, testimonios de personalidades cercanas a Bartlett y confidencias periodísticas. El libro muestra el autoritarismo, complicidades y corruptelas de este político ultranacionalista que, con AMLO, quien lo escucha sumiso y lo obedece, son actores principales de la ruina política y económica que soporta México. Con Bartlett, el impune, Martín Moreno-Durán confirma que es el periodista más punzante del sistema político mexicano: ha señalado, con nombres y hechos, los abusos, el desfalco y la insolencia de los gobiernos corruptos del PRI, del PAN y de Morena. Por primera vez se ofrece en un libro el perfil más amplio de uno de los políticos más siniestros y poderosos del México contemporáneo: Manuel Bartlett Díaz. Priista de línea dura, implicado en el asesinato del agente de la DEA, Enrique Kiki Camarena; verdugo en la penumbra del crimen del célebre periodista Manuel Buendía; hombre clave que impidió el triunfo legítimo de Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas en las oscuras elecciones de 1988 y actualmente el hombre más poderoso del gobierno de AMLO, quizá, aún más potente que el presidente.

Base of the Pyramid 3.0: Sustainable Development through Innovation and Entrepreneurship

by Stuart L. Hart Fernando Casado Caneque

For well over 4 billion people – approximately 60% of all humanity – annual income is less than $1,500. The term "Base of the Pyramid" was first coined by Stuart L. Hart and C.K. Prahalad in 2002 and has become synonymous with both the method by which we can more effectively address poverty and the opportunity that exists in a multi-trillion-dollar market. A whole new lexicon has emerged to describe this phenomenon, including new buzzwords and catch phrases like "inclusive business", "opportunities for the majority", "sustainable livelihoods", "pro-poor business" and “social business”, and thousands of new businesses, institutions and investment funds have been set up.In this ground-breaking new book, Stuart L. Hart and Fernando Casado Cañeque have worked with members of the BoP Global Network to shake the tree, look objectively at what has happened since 2002, highlight why earlier applications of BoP haven’t worked and propose new objectives and ways of working to formulate more sustainable solutions. The book challenges the reader and organizations to think about the mindset and purpose across whole organizations, open innovation rather than simply co-creation, and a complete review of the innovation ecosystem. Through this book, practitioners will gain a clearer insight into which business models can work within different communities to ensure a sustainable transition to improved local economies. Equally, the book is a must-read for researchers and students in the fields of entrepreneurship, innovation, sustainable development and environmental management.

Base of the Pyramid Markets in Affluent Countries: Innovation and challenges to sustainability (Innovation and Sustainability in Base of the Pyramid Markets)

by Stefan Gold

The Frugal Innovation and Bottom of the Pyramid Markets series comprises four volumes, covering theoretical perspectives, themes and various aspects of interest across four key geographical regions where BOP markets are located - South America, Asia, Africa and more engineered countries. BOP always addresses the poorest people or socioeconomic order or groups within a country, society, region or continent, thus, this series contributes a profound understanding of BOP markets across the most important geographical areas around the world and presents valuable insights on how the private sector can work together with other stakeholders to develop and operationalize economically viable business models in BOP markets, all the while contributing to sustainable development. Private actors such as multinationals, SMEs and entrepreneurs have a critical role to play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals agenda as laid down by United Nations in September 2015. Yet, BOP markets face unique challenges and the private sector alone cannot orchestrate sustainable value creation activities. Each volume presents several theoretical strands that highlight the diverse approaches and solutions to developing BOP markets further. Frugal, reverse and inclusive innovations can foster (sustainable) development and provide new business models and value streams that other countries can also benefit from. A variety of stylistic elements, such as research work, interviews and roundtable discussions, offer a wide and vivid impression of ongoing challenges and fruitful solutions.

Base of the Pyramid Markets in Africa: Innovation and Challenges to Sustainability (Innovation and Sustainability in Base of the Pyramid Markets)

by Judy N. Muthuri

This book focuses on the Base of the Pyramid (BOP) in Africa and examines the role of the private sector in the fight against poverty. The BOP concept, which is a market-based approach to poverty eradication, presents a great avenue for businesses to develop opportunities and new business models that enable and empower those in the BOP population in Africa to raise their socio-economic welfare and well-being. The BOP market and the business interest in the BOP in Africa is rising. This book furthers our understanding of the characteristics of BOP markets in Africa, and the challenges and opportunities to address poverty and development in a sustainable manner. The book covers various themes of BOP markets and their embeddedness in social-cultural settings in Africa. The different chapters employ a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches to advance research and practice of BOP in Africa. The book chapters reflect multiple diversities that characterise sub-Saharan Africa based on studies in 13 country contexts and from five industry sectors. This book is recommended reading for managers and policy makers, as well as students and academics interested in Base of the Pyramid markets.

Base of the Pyramid Markets in Asia: Innovation and Challenges to Sustainability (Innovation and Sustainability in Base of the Pyramid Markets)

by Marlen Gabriele Arnold Judy N. Muthuri Stefan Gold Ximena Rueda

The Innovation and Sustainability in Base of the Pyramid Markets series comprises four volumes, covering theoretical perspectives, themes, and various aspects of interest across four key geographical regions where Base of the Pyramid (BOP) markets are located – Latin America, Asia, Africa, and affluent countries. This book focuses on the BOP markets in Asia, and in particular the challenge of how to address the needs of deprived population groups in a sustainable manner. Base of the Pyramid Markets in Asia deals with, amongst other topics, the innovation and innovativeness that is necessary to better the life of resource-poor population groups. The book covers various themes and aspects of BOP markets in Asia and their embeddedness in socio-cultural settings, and adopts a variety of theoretical angles for analysing the phenomena. Thus, this book aims at furthering our understanding of BOP markets in Asia and at deriving valuable recommendations for managers and policy makers. BOP markets face unique challenges and private sector actors alone cannot ensure sustainable value creation activities. Multidimensional elements and factors are needed to alleviate poverty and create economic development aligned with principles of sustainable development. Therefore, the book comprises critical and empirical studies as well as conceptual papers on the challenges linked to BOP markets in Asian countries. This book is recommended reading for managers and policy makers, as well as students and academics interested in Base of the Pyramid markets.

Base of the Pyramid Markets in Latin America: Innovation and Challenges to Sustainability (Innovation and Sustainability in Base of the Pyramid Markets)

by Ximena Rueda Fajardo, Marlen Gabriele Arnold, Judy N. Muthuri and Stefan Gold

This book focuses on the Base of the Pyramid (BOP) in Latin America and examines the role of the markets in serving low-income populations as consumers, distributors, and entrepreneurs. Deep inequalities, violence, and urbanisation characterise the region. Despite the reduction of poverty observed during the first two decades of the 21st century, Latin America is the most unequal region in the world. Outside active war zones, the region has the highest homicide rate in the world and violence and inequality are both deeply intertwined. Markets have a crucial role to play in closing this gap and offering job and income opportunities, especially to unemployed youth, paving the way for safer, more peaceful, and sustainable development. The book also offers a theoretical reflection on the role that community enterprises who manage common-pool resources can play in serving markets and creating income opportunities for the rural poor. The book is recommended for managers, policy makers, students, and scholars interested in Base of the Pyramid markets and their potential to lift people out of poverty and to promote a more equal society.

Baseball Cop

by Teri Thompson Christian Red Eddie Dominguez

"We Could Clean Up This Game" <P><P> In the wake of 2005's sometimes contentious, sometimes comical congressional hearings on performance-enhancing drugs in baseball and the subsequent Mitchell Report, Major League Baseball established the Department of Investigations (DOI). An internal and autonomous unit, it was created to not only eliminate the use of steroids, but also to rid baseball of any other illegal, unsavory, or unethical activities. <P><P>The DOI would investigate the dark side of the national pastime--gambling, age and identity fraud, human trafficking, cover-ups, and more--with the singular purpose of cleaning up the game. Eduardo Dominguez Jr. was a founding member of that first DOI team, leaving a stellar career with the Boston Police Department to join four other "supercops"--a group that included a 9/11 hero, a mob-buster, and narcotics experts--keeping watch over Major League Baseball. <P><P>A decorated detective as well as a member of an FBI task force, Dominguez was initially reluctant to leave his law-enforcement career to work full-time in baseball. He had already seen the game's underbelly when he worked as a resident security agent (RSA) for the Boston Red Sox in 1999 and become wary of the game's commitment to any kind of reform. <P><P> Only at the persuasion a widely respected NYPD detective tapped to lead the DOI did Dominguez agree to join the unit, which was the first--and last--of its kind in major American sports. "We could clean up this game," his new boss promised.In Baseball Cop, Dominguez shares the shocking revelations he confronted every day for six years with the DOI and nine as an RSA. He shines a light on the inner workings of the commissioner's office and the complicity of baseball's bosses in dealing with the misdeeds compromising the integrity of the game. <P><P>Dominguez details the investigations and the obstacles--from the Biogenesis scandal to the perilous trafficking of Cuban players now populating the game to the theft of prospects' signing bonuses by buscones, street agents, and even clubs' employees. He further reveals how the mandates of former senator George Mitchell's report were modified or ignored altogether. <P><P> Bracing and eye-opening, Baseball Cop is a wake-up call for anyone concerned about America's national pastime.

Baseball on Trial: The Origin of Baseball's Antitrust Exemption

by Nathaniel Grow

The controversial 1922 Federal Baseball Supreme Court ruling held that the "business of base ball" was not subject to the Sherman Antitrust Act because it did not constitute interstate commerce. In Baseball on Trial, legal scholar Nathaniel Grow defies conventional wisdom to explain why the unanimous Supreme Court opinion authored by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, which gave rise to Major League Baseball's exemption from antitrust law, was correct given the circumstances of the time. Currently a billion dollar enterprise, professional baseball teams crisscross the country while the games are broadcast via radio, television, and internet coast to coast. The sheer scope of this activity would seem to embody the phrase "interstate commerce." Yet baseball is the only professional sport--indeed the sole industry--in the United States that currently benefits from a judicially constructed antitrust immunity. How could this be? Drawing upon recently released documents from the National Baseball Hall of Fame, Grow analyzes how the Supreme Court reached this seemingly peculiar result by tracing the Federal Baseball litigation from its roots in 1914 to its resolution in 1922, in the process uncovering significant new details about the proceedings. Grow observes that while interstate commerce was measured at the time by the exchange of tangible goods, baseball teams in the 1910s merely provided live entertainment to their fans, while radio was a fledgling technology that had little impact on the sport. The book ultimately concludes that, despite the frequent criticism of the opinion, the Supreme Court's decision was consistent with the conditions and legal climate of the early twentieth century.

Baseline of Russian Arctic Laws: The Authentic English Translation (Springer Polar Sciences)

by Oran R. Young Paul Arthur Berkman Alexander N. Vylegzhanin

This book is the first comprehensive and authoritative translation into English of national and international laws of Russia that relate to the Arctic from the early 19th century to the present, revealing the historical and current context of sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction across nearly half of the north polar region. The Russian original version was coordinated by Igor Sergeyevich Ivanov, former Foreign Minister of the Russian Federation and currently the President of the Russian International Affairs Council.This unique translation complements all legal, geopolitical and governance analyses of the Arctic as a primary source of information, without interpretation or bias. The Baseline of Russian Arctic Laws is a treasure trove for diplomats, scholars and students who are involved with the international environmental, economic and societal dynamics of the Arctic, balancing national interests and common interests to achieve sustainability of the high north for the benefit of all across generations in our globally-interconnected civilization.

Basic Administrative Law for Paralegals (4th Edition)

by Anne Adams

This clear and up-to-date introduction to Administrative Law, writtenspecifically for the paralegal, is a straightforward text that explains howadministrative agencies are created, how they are structured, and how theyfunction. Classroom tested through three editions, Basic Administrative Lawfor Paralegals, Fourth Edition, offers not only a grounding in the basicsof Administrative Law but practical advice for employment opportunities forparalegals in the field. Among the features that make this text such a reliable resource:thorough topical coverage --from how administrative agencies are createdto agency discretion, rules and regulations, clients' rights, investigations,informal and formal proceedings, and judicial reviewnumerous visual aids and learning tools --such as charts and figures,examples, chapter summaries, key terms, and review questionsend-of-chapter exercises and resources --including crossword puzzles,fill-in-the-blank exercises, and lists of useful websitesan electronic workbook on CD bound into the book --providing ampleopportunity for practicea chapter dedicated to paralegal skills and careers --delving into careeropportunities for paralegals in both the private and public sectorsNew to the Fourth Edition:the electronic workbook has been thoroughly updated and offers researchexercises and guidance for accessing laws, rules, and agencies onlinethe "Paralegal Practice" boxes contain new topics,including retirement and immigration lawupdated formsThis current, affordable text, directed exclusively at the paralegal, is anexcellent choice for teaching your students the fundamentals of AdministrativeLaw as well as providing them with a realistic, practical look at careeropportunities.

Basic Bankruptcy Law for Paralegals (8th Edition)

by David L. Buchbinder

Basic Bankruptcy Law for Paralegals focuses on what paralegals need to know to be effective paralegals in a bankruptcy practice. Comprehensive yet accessible, this proven-effective text offers a step-by-step overview of the bankruptcy code and rules. With a consistent emphasis on practice, David Buchbinder vividly describes the role of the paralegal at every stage of a bankruptcy proceeding, providing practical information along the way. A wealth of examples, checklists, and summaries put bankruptcy law squarely within reach. This text is available in ebook format from the Vital Source Store . To download and use the ebook, you will need the free Vital Source Bookshelf software. DOWNLOAD NOW Thoroughly updated, the Eighth Edition includes new Supreme Court cases that interpret bankruptcy law and recent changes to the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure. a favorite among paralegal instructors, Basic Bankruptcy Law for Paralegals features:a clear and readable writing style designed to let students learn and digest the basics complete coverage of everything a student needs to know to become a competent bankruptcy paralegal --consumer representation, creditor representation, and assisting with a Chapter 11 case a useful overview of the bankruptcy code and rules that sheds light on the role of the paralegal at every stage of a bankruptcy proceeding practical information about how and when to complete bankruptcy documents a rich variety of learning and memory aids, such as examples,checklists of procedures, summaries of the law, and discussion questions a Forms Manual on CD-ROM a generous teaching package, including a detailed Instructor's Manual, Test Bank, PowerPoints, and Best Case Exercises Updated throughout, the Eighth Edition of Basic Bankruptcy Law for Paralegals includes: recent case rulings interpreting bankruptcy law developments and changes in the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure *Instructor's Manuals are a professional courtesy offered to professors only. For more information or to request a copy, please contact Wolter's Kluwer Law & Business at 800.529.7545 or examcopy@wolterskluwer.com.

Basic Business Law

by James F. Morgan Peter J. Shedd Gerald Seals Robert N. Corley

The chapters in Basic Business Law are made up of two basic parts: Text and problems. First, the text is written in a style designed for business students and students in related disciplines, introducing them to the legal issues they will face throughout their careers. Second, basic legal problems that confront business executives, including questions and factual scenarios, are included at the end of each chapter.

Basic Concepts in Environmental Management

by Kenneth M. Mackenthun

Environmental professionals are (and will continue to be) under increased pressure to become more knowledgeable of environmental management issues.Basic Concepts in Environmental Management fulfills the long-standing need for fundamental knowledge-especially concerning government regulations on environmental and natural resource protection.As a leading environmental professional and consultant since the 1940s, Kenneth M. Mackenthun offers a unique perspective on the breadth, scope, and ever-constant change in environmental legislation at the federal, state, and local levels... and what those guidelines signify for industry and citizens alike.By maintaining an awareness of existing and forthcoming laws, environmentalists can substantially enhance their career potential-and be in a better position to protect the land, air, and sea. The starting point for that knowledge: Basic Concepts in Environmental Management.

Basic Concepts of Probability and Statistics in the Law

by Michael O. Finkelstein

This book sets out basic statistical tools as they have been applied in actual legal disputes. Examples range over diverse fields of law, such as identification evidence, mass torts, securities law, environmental regulation, and capital punishment, among many others. In some notable cases, such as the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Bush v. Gore, the book explores aspects of the statistical evidence that were unrecognized or misconceived by the parties or the court. For the statistics student, the book will give a deeper appreciation of foundation concepts and provide a wealth of real life applications. For the lawyer, or law student, the book will introduce a subject that has become increasingly important both in litigation and in studies of the legal system. The book is self-contained and may be read without background in probability or statistics.

Basic Contract Law For Paralegals (Aspen College Series #Eighth Edition)

by Jeffrey A. Helewitz

Basic Contract Law for Paralegals became the market-leader with its quick, simple, and straightforward introduction to the basics of contract law for paralegal students. <P><P>The manageable length makes this book ideal for shorter courses. Comprehensive coverage includes a chapter on drafting simple contracts. Clearly written text and lively examples help students understand the law. <P><P>Well-crafted pedagogy includes chapter overviews, highlighted examples, key terms, review questions, sample clauses for analysis, edited cases, chapter summaries, and end-of-chapter exercises. Ethical problems are presented at the end of each chapter to raise awareness of professional responsibility in practice.

Basic Contract Law For Paralegals (Aspen Paralegal Ser.)

by Jeffrey A. Helewitz

Basic Contract Law for Paralegals is a clear, comprehensive, and straightforward introduction to all the basics of contract law, specifically designed for paralegal students. Lively examples and well-crafted pedagogy cover all key topics in a contracts course--from offer, acceptance, and consideration, to discharge of obligations, and remedies. The text balances coverage of case law with professional skills development and culminates with a chapter that asks students to draft a standard contract. An appendix of twelve sample contracts provides a useful ongoing reference tool.

Basic Criminal Procedure: Cases, Comments And Questions (American Casebook Series)

by Yale Kamisar Jerold H. Israel Nancy J. King Orin S. Kerr Eve Brensike Primus Wayne R. LaFave

One of the best-selling casebooks of all time. The book includes all the material required to master the essential issues that arise in federal and state criminal investigations and prosecutions, and affords maximum flexibility to shape a course around a particular teacher’s own priorities and interests. Comprehensive coverage of constitutional decisions and statutory regulation is complemented by the latest policy and scholarly debates about such subjects as the evolving regulation of government surveillance, computer and cell phone searches, eyewitness identification, and profiling. Year after year, the book’s focus on current issues has made it the leading choice for teaching criminal procedure. The book covers such topics as: Arrest, search and seizure Right to counsel Digital surveillance Police interrogation and confessions Undercover investigations Lineups and other Pre-Trial Identification Procedures Grand jury investigation

Basic Desert, Reactive Attitudes and Free Will

by Maureen Sie and Derk Pereboom

Basic Desert, Reactive Attitudes and Free Will addresses the issue of whether we can make sense of the widespread conviction that we are morally responsible beings. It focuses on the claim that we deserve to be blamed and punished for our immoral actions, and how this claim can be justified given the philosophical and scientific reasons to believe that we lack the sort of free will required for this sort of desert. Contributions to the book distinguish between, and explore, two clusters of questions. The first asks what it is to deserve to be harmed or benefitted. What are the bases for desert – actions, good character, bad character, the omission of good character traits? The second cluster explores the disagreement between compatabilists and incompatibilists surrounding the nature of desert. Do we deserve to be harmed, benefitted, or judged, even if we lack the ability to act differently, and if we do not, what effect does this have on our everyday actions? Taken in full, this book sheds light on the notion of desert implicated in our practice of holding each other morally responsible. This book was originally published as a special issue of Philosophical Explorations.

Basic Equality

by Paul Sagar

An innovative argument that vindicates our normative commitment to basic equality, synthesising philosophy, history, and psychologyWhat makes human beings one another&’s equals? That we are "basic equals" has become a bedrock assumption in Western moral and political philosophy. And yet establishing why we ought to believe this claim has proved fiendishly difficult, floundering in the face of the many inequalities that characterise the human condition. In this provocative work, Paul Sagar offers a novel approach to explaining and justifying basic equality. Rather than attempting to find an independent foundation for basic equality, he argues, we should instead come to see our commitment to this idea as the result of the practice of treating others as equals. Moreover, he continues, it is not enough to grapple with the problem through philosophy alone—by just thinking very hard, in our armchairs; we must draw insights from history and psychology as well.Sagar writes that, as things stand, there appear to be no good arguments for believing in the truth of basic equality. Indeed, for much of Western intellectual history and social practice, basic inequality has been the default position. How is it then, Sagar asks, that in Western societies, in a period of less than a century, basic equality emerged as the dominant view? Sagar approaches this not as a mere philosophical puzzle, but as a dramatic historical development. In so doing, he shows us what is at stake when human beings treat one another as equals just because they are human beings.

Basic Federal Income Tax (Fourth Edition)

by Gwendolyn Griffith Lieuallen

The most trusted name in law school outlines, Emanuel Law Outlines support your class preparation, provide reference for your outline creation, and supply a comprehensive breakdown of topic matter for your entire study process. Created by Steven Emanuel, these course outlines have been relied on by generations of law students. Each title includes both capsule and detailed versions of the critical issues and key topics you must know to master the course. Also included are exam questions with model answers, an alpha-list of cases, and a cross reference table of cases for all of the leading casebooks.

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