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Regulating Transnational Sustainability Regimes
by Enrico PartitiThe book studies emergence and consolidation of voluntary sustainability standards (VSS); private standards defining sustainability-related product features. The book takes stock of their success and their potential in mediating between economic and non-economic concerns of global production. Despite their private and voluntary nature, VSS generate profound consequences for the producers seeking certification, for the consumers purchasing certified products, and for others affected by their standards. VSS are used by public authorities in the EU as a functional complement to public measures regulating global value chains. At this juncture of market proliferation and public use of private regimes, this book studies how public authority can control, coordinate and review VSS. It studies how the regulation of VSS could unfold through substantive and procedural legal requirements in the domain of European Union law and World Trade Organisation law, as well as through the incentives offered by VSS employment in public measures.
Regulating Undercover Law Enforcement: The Australian Experience
by Brendon MurphyThis book examines the way in which undercover police investigation has come to be regulated in Australia. Drawing on documentary and doctrinal legal analysis, this book investigates how, in the space of a single decade, Australian law makers set out to regulate one of the most difficult aspects of police: undercover investigation. In so doing, the Australian experience represents a paradigm model. And yet despite its success, it is a system of law and practice that has a dark side – a model of investigation to relies heavily on activities that are unlawful in the absence of authorisation. It is a model that is as much concerned with the surveillance and control of police as it is with suspected criminal conduct.The book aims to locate the Australian experience in comparative perspective with other major common law jurisdictions (the United Kingdom, Canada and New Zealand), with a view to contrast strengths, similarities and weaknesses of these models. It is argued that the Australian model, at the pragmatic level, offers a highly successful model for regulatory structure and practice, providing a significant model for successful regulation. At the same time, the model that has been introduced raises important questions about how and why the Australian experience evolved in the way that it did, and the implications this has for the relationship between citizen and state, the judiciary and the executive, and broader questions about the protections offered by rights discourse and jurisprudence. This book aims to document the law, policy and practices that shape undercover investigations. In so doing, it aims to not only articulate the way in which the law regulates these activities, but also to move on to consider some of the fundamental questions linked to undercover investigations: how did regulation happen? By what means of regulation? What are the driving policy issues that give this field of law its particular complexion? What are the implications? Who gains, and who loses, by which means of power?The book offers unique insights into a largely unknown aspect of modern covert policing, identifying a range of practices, the legal framework, controversies and powers. By locating these practices in a rich theoretical context, informed by risk and governmentality scholarship, this book offers a legal and theoretical explanation of one of the most controversial forms of policing.
Regulating Vice: Misguided Prohibitions And Realistic Controls
by Jim LeitzelRegulating Vice focuses on public policy toward traditional vices such as alcohol, nicotine, drugs, gambling, and commercial sex. It explains why vice prohibitions generally are misguided, and also describes the dangers of unfettered access to alcohol, cocaine, or heroin. Sin taxes, advertising restrictions, licensing, and subsidies to treatment are all potentially desirable components of balanced vice policies. Regulating Vice brings a sophisticated analysis to vice control, an analysis that applies to prostitution as well as drugs, to tobacco as well as gambling, while remaining accessible to a broad audience.
Regulating Water Security in Unconventional Oil and Gas (Water Security in a New World)
by Regina M. Buono Elena López Gunn Jennifer McKay Chad StaddonThis book addresses the need for deeper understanding of regulatory and policy regimes around the world in relation to the use of water for the production of ‘unconventional’ hydrocarbons, including shale gas, coal bed methane and tight oil, through hydraulic fracturing. Legal, policy, political and regulatory issues surrounding the use of water for hydraulic fracturing are present at every stage of operations. Operators and regulators must understand the legal, political and hydrological contexts of their surroundings, procure water for use in the fracturing and extraction processes, gain community cooperation or confront social resistance around water, collect flow back and produced water, and dispose of these wastewaters safely. By analysing and comparing different approaches to these issues from around the globe, this volume gleans insights into how policy, best practices and regulation may be developed to advance the interests of all stakeholders. While it is not always possible to easily transfer ‘good practice’ from one place to another, there is value in examining and understanding the components of different legal and regulatory regimes, as these may assist in the development of better regulatory law and policy for the rapidly growing unconventional energy sector.The book takes an interdisciplinary approach and includes chapters looking at water-energy nexus security in general, along with issue-focused and geographically-focused case studies written by scholars from around the world.Chapter topics, organized in conjunction with the stage of the shale gas production process upon which they touch, include the implications of hydraulic fracturing for agriculture, municipalities, and other stakeholders competing for water supplies; public opinion regarding use of water for hydraulic fracturing; potential conflicts between hydraulic fracturing and water as a human right; prevention of induced seismic activity, and the disposal or recycling of produced water. Several chapters also discuss implications of unconventional energy production for indigenous communities, particularly as regards sustainable water management. This volume will be of interest to scholars and students of energy and water, regulators and policymakers and operators interested in ensuring that they align with emergent best global practice.
Regulation A+
by Paul M. Getty Dinesh Gupta Robert R. Kaplan"This book is a must-read for all entrepreneurs who need to raise capital to grow their businesses. " --from the Foreword by Bill Hambrecht, Founder and Chairman, WR Hambrecht + Co "We congratulate the authors for bringing together many of the elements needed to help corporations and their investors take advantage of Reg A+ in a simple and easy-to-understand guide. " --from the Afterword by David Weild IV, Founder and CEO, Weild & Co. ; Former Vice Chairman of NASDAQ; "Father" of the JOBS Act Discover how to raise money under the SEC''s long-awaited Regulation A+ implementing Title IV of the JOBS Act. This ground-breaking book is the authoritative guide to Reg A+ for executives of emerging growth companies, entrepreneurs, financial advisers, venture capitalists, investment bankers, securities lawyers, and finance and MBA students on how to raise up to $50 million a year through what is in effect a new type of IPO unencumbered by the heavy regulation and cost of a traditional IPO. Reg A+ lifts many of the constraints on soliciting funds, raising growth capital through public offerings, and trading new stock issues that till now inhibited the growth of small companies. The SEC rules implementing Title III of the JOBS Act by expanding equity crowdfunding to non-accredited investors and allowing small businesses to raise up to $1 million per year have been greeted with speculative excitement in the startup space. But investment banking and stock market heavy hitters such as Bill Hambrecht and David Weild believe that Reg A+ will have a much greater economic impact than the crowdfunding rules and will launch a revolutionary period of growth, innovation, investment returns, and job creation. Paul Getty, Dinesh Gupta, and Robert Kaplan pool their experience as serial entrepreneurs, investors, and lawyers to show readers in very practical terms how to take maximum advantage of the powerful provisions of the Reg A+ that permit companies to raise up to $50 million--a tenfold increase over the old Reg A limit of $5 million and fifty times the crowdfunding limit allow companies to market IPOs to more people than just accredited investors make it easier to get the word out on offerings exempt companies under certain conditions from onerous and costly reporting and compliance requirements, such as Sarbanes-Oxley What you''ll learn How Title IV of the JOBS Act amends Regulation A, making it easier for you to raise up to $50 million in expansion capital while avoiding burdensome regulations. How raising funds through Regulation A might now be a better and less costly choice for raising capital than current options (like loans or venture capital). How to use Regulation A to gain liquidity for your business, your employees, and your investors--while maintaining control. How to abide by Regulation A rules before, during, and after an IPO. What kinds of businesses can take part in Regulation A offerings. How and where to trade shares after the IPO. Who this book is for Executives of emerging growth companies, entrepreneurs, financial advisers, venture capitalists, investment bankers, securities lawyers, finance and MBA students, and others. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Overcoming Challenges to Going Public Chapter 3 Benefits of Regulation A+ Chapter 4 Limitations and Business Line Considerations Chapter 5 The Key Elements of a Reg A+ Offering Chapter 6 Raising the Capital through an Underwriter Chapter 7 Post-IPO Activities Chapter 8 Secondary Markets and Regulation A+ Securities Chapter 9 Final Thoughts Appendix A Current Legal Authority Appendix B Current Guidance from SEC Appendix C Public Statements of Commissioners at Open Meeting to Adopt Regulation A+ Appendix D OTC QX/OTC QB Listing Requirements and On-Ramp Guides Appendix E Offering Statement Exemplars Appendix F: Blue Sky Glossary
Regulation and Criminal Justice
by Hannah Quirk Toby Seddon Graham SmithWhile regulatory institutions and strategies have been the subject of increasing academic attention, there has been limited application of regulatory theories to criminal justice scholarship. This collection of essays from a range of outstanding international scholars adopts a critical, inter-disciplinary approach, providing an innovative application of regulatory theory to the practice of criminal justice and offering suggestions for further research. Part I explores the aims and values of criminal justice and other regulatory networks and the synergies and tensions between these fields; Part II examines criminal justice as a regulatory force to control 'deviant' and anti-social behaviour and Part III examines the regulation and oversight of criminal justice through the operation of prison inspectorates and explores notions of responsive justice.
Regulation and Governance of Mutual Funds: United Kingdom and United States of America Perspectives on Investor Protection (Routledge Research in Finance and Banking Law)
by Mohammed Khair AlshaleelThis book provides a detailed analysis of mutual fund regulations and governance in the UK from the investor protection perspective. It comprehensively describes mutual funds by their function, social utility, and legal attributes, examining the level of protection provided to retail investors under existing regulations. Mutual funds are externally managed with fund ownership separated out from their management, which carries a potential conflict of interest between the self-interests of the fund management and each fund’s investors. The book provides an in-depth analysis of this agency problem in the mutual fund industry, comparing the competing governance models in the UK and the US and the supervision of management activities. In the UK, it investigates the main governance mechanisms, including disclosure, the effectiveness of voting rights, and the role of the Financial Conduct Authority in protecting investors. It also considers the role of prudential regulations in protecting mutual fund investors, with a particular focus on risk management and mutual fund liquidity crisis. The book further investigates the impact of the withdrawal of the UK from the European Union (Brexit) on the industry and what this means for the future of the undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS) in the UK. The concept of mutual funds is still not clearly understood, so this book will clearly define the different legal and practical aspects of mutual funds. It will be the first substantial study of mutual fund governance mechanisms under the existing mutual fund laws and regulations in the UK.
Regulation and Inequality at Work: Isolation and Inequality Beyond the Regulation of Labour (Routledge Research in Corporate Law)
by Vanisha SukdeoThis book examines how the law has limitations to the extent that it can combat repression, isolation, and inequality. The main point the book explores is that isolation and inequality cannot be solved by driving up wages and having better working conditions. The true divide between management and workers is the inability of management to see the workers as people, and not just numbers. "The Swiss novelist Max Frisch remarked at the time, ‘We imported workers and got men instead.’" This encapsulates the dilemma of management – how to distance one’s self enough from workers to command respect yet not too distant as to be seen as inhumane. How can isolation and inequality within the workplace be overcome? Regulation and Inequality at Work shows how workers can have an increased voice by using tools outside of the typical legal ones. Without state protection, the rights can be viewed as less stringent. Working outside the system allows for greater malleability and flexibility to be able to cater to individual workers in individual workplaces. Workers’ rights are about better working conditions, hourly wages, and benefits, but are also about being treated in a more civilized manner where one’s humanity is recognized. Only through all of these parts working together will a true version of workers’ rights emerge—one where workers are not viewed as mere tools but within and of the system itself. It shows the latest state of knowledge on the topic and will be of interest both to students at an advanced level, academics and reflective practitioners in the fields of business and company law, labour law, and employment law.
Regulation and Markets Beyond 2000 (Routledge Revivals)
by Laura Macgregor Tony ProsserThis title was first published in 2000: The book will be a set of essays addressing various aspects of regulation. It will concentrate on regulation as a precondition of successfully operating markets - by opening up markets and establishing conditions of trust. It will cover a broad range of varied forms of regulation. The book will respond to recent developments, for example, the shift from deregulation to better regulation will be explored. Most chapters will be written jointly by an academic and a legal practitioner (from the commercial solicitors firm of Shepherd and Wedderburn), thus ensuring an integration of theoretical analysis with practical problems.
Regulation and Public Interests: The Possibility of Good Regulatory Government
by Steven P. CroleyNot since the 1960s have U.S. politicians, Republican or Democrat, campaigned on platforms defending big government, much less the use of regulation to help solve social ills. And since the late 1970s, "deregulation" has become perhaps the most ubiquitous political catchword of all. This book takes on the critics of government regulation. Providing the first major alternative to conventional arguments grounded in public choice theory, it demonstrates that regulatory government can, and on important occasions does, advance general interests. Unlike previous accounts, Regulation and Public Interests takes agencies' decision-making rules rather than legislative incentives as a central determinant of regulatory outcomes. Drawing from both political science and law, Steven Croley argues that such rules, together with agencies' larger decision-making environments, enhance agency autonomy. Agency personnel inclined to undertake regulatory initiatives that generate large but diffuse benefits (while imposing smaller but more concentrated costs) can use decision-making rules to develop socially beneficial regulations even over the objections of Congress and influential interest groups. This book thus provides a qualified defense of regulatory government. Its illustrative case studies include the development of tobacco rulemaking by the Food and Drug Administration, ozone and particulate matter rules by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Forest Service's "roadless" policy for national forests, and regulatory initiatives by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Trade Commission.
Regulation and Regulators after Global Financial Crises: Enforcement and Adaptation
by Aleksandra JordanoskaThis book provides an original theoretically and empirically grounded analysis of regulatory enforcement activism in post-crisis periods and the ensuing regulatory interactions. It critically addresses the ‘more regulation’ enforcement agenda relating to financial misconduct in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, showing how misconduct was constructed through the enforcement policies and practices of the powerful UK financial conduct regulator and its interactions with the subjects of enforcement proceedings and their legal representatives during a tumultuous time in the financial markets. Drawing from interviews with regulators, professional intermediaries, and markets participants; documentary analysis of enforcement decisions and speeches; and observations, the volume adopts an interdisciplinary approach grounded in social constructivist perspectives on compliance and deviance, regulation theory, and socio-legal research. Through a multi-dimensional analytical framework of regulatory enforcement activism that links shifts in regulatory policymaking; experimentations with legal powers in information-gathering, legal and extra-legal penalties, and individual accountability; and the use of enforcement tools in micro-level interactions, the book documents a more interventionist and punitive post-crisis enforcement agenda. The findings challenge current thinking in the 'scandal and reform' literature. The work argues that despite the increased focus on enforcement, it is not necessarily the case that the power has tilted more towards the regulator. This fine-grained socio-legal enquiry makes innovative and timely theoretical contributions to our understanding of the limitations of regulatory activism and regulatory control, regulatory relationships, the governance of financial markets, and broader thinking on regulating corporations and the individuals within them. It will appeal to academics, researchers, regulators, and policymakers working in regulation across law, criminology, sociology, and politics.
The Regulation and Supervision of Banks: The Post Crisis Regulatory Responses of the EU (Routledge Research in Finance and Banking Law)
by Chen Chen HuOver the past two decades, the banking industry has expanded and consolidated at a stunningly unprecedented speed. In this time banks have also moved from focusing purely on commercial banking activities to being heavily involved in market-based and transaction-oriented wholesale and investment banking activities. By carrying out an all-encompassing set of activities, banks have become large, complex, interconnected, and inclined to levels of risk-taking not previously seen. With the onset of the 2008 global financial crisis it became apparent that there was an issue of institutions being too big to fail. This book analyses the too-big-to-fail problem of banks in the EU. It approaches the topic from an interdisciplinary perspective using behavioural finance as a tool to examine the occurrence of the global financial crisis and the emergence of the structural problem in large banking institutions. The book draws a comparison between the EU, the US and the UK and the relevant rules to assess the effectiveness of various approaches to regulation in a global context. Chen Chen Hu goes on to use behavioural analyses to provide new insights in evaluating the current structural reform rules in the EU Proposal on Bank Structural Regulation and the newly adopted bank recovery and resolution regime in the EU Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive and the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM) in the Single Resolution Regulation.
Regulation and Supervision of the OTC Derivatives Market (Routledge Research in Finance and Banking Law)
by Ligia Catherine Arias-BarreraThe over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives market has captured the attention of regulators after the Global Financial Crisis due to the risk it poses to financial stability. Under the post-crisis regulatory reform the concentration of business, and risks, among a few major players is changed by the concentration of a large portion of transactions in the new market infrastructures, the Central Counterparties (CCPs). This book, for the first time, analyses the regulatory response of the United Kingdom and the United States, the two largest centres of OTC derivatives transactions, and highlights their shortcomings. The book uses a normative risk-based approach to regulation as a methodological lens to analyse the UK regime of CCPs in the OTC derivatives market. It specifically focuses on prudential supervision and conduct of business rules governing OTC derivatives transactions and the move towards enhancing the use of central clearing. The resulting analysis, from a normative risk based approach, suggests that the UK regime for CCPs does not fulfil what would be expected if a coherent risk based approach was taken. Our comments on the Dodd-Frank Act highlight that the incoherent adoption of risk-based approach to regulation affects the effectiveness of the US regime for CCPs. Such a regime does not follow the pace of events of ‘innovation risk’; in particular, the foreseeable changes FinTech will bring to the OTCDM and central clearing services. The second inadequacy of the US regime concerns the dual regulatory structure of the CFTC and the SEC, and the inadequate adoption of different and not well-coordinated regulatory strategies. We also analyse the cross-border implications of the US regime for non-US CCPs that provide clearing services to US market participants. Finally, we study the negative effects of the absence of a clearly defined resolution regime for CCPs.
Regulation and the Credit Rating Agencies: Restraining Ancillary Services (Routledge Research in Corporate Law)
by Daniel CashThis book examines the transgressions of the credit rating agencies before, during and after the recent financial crisis. It proposes that by restricting the agencies’ ability to offer ancillary services there stands the opportunity to limit, in an achievable and practical manner, the potentially negative effect that the Big Three rating agencies – Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch – may have upon the financial sector and society moreover. The book contains an extensive and in-depth discussion about how the agencies ascended to their current position, why they were able to do so and ultimately their behaviour once their position was cemented. This work offers a new framework for the reader to follow, suggesting that investors, issuers and the state have a ‘desired’ version of the agencies in their thinking and operate upon that basis when, in fact, those imagined agencies do not exist, as demonstrated by the ‘actual’ conduct of the agencies. The book primarily aims to uncover this divergence and reveal the ‘real’ credit rating agencies, and then on that basis propose a real and potentially achievable reform to limit the negative effects that result from poor performance in this Industry. It addresses the topics with regard to financial regulation and the financial crisis, and will be of interest to legal scholars interested in the intersection between business and he law as well as researchers, academics, policymakers, industry and professional associations and students in the fields of corporate law, banking and finance law, financial regulation, corporate governance and corporate finance.
Regulation and the Global Financial Crisis: Impact, Regulatory Responses, and Beyond (Routledge Research in Finance and Banking Law)
by Daniel Cash Robert GoddardThe Financial Crisis was a cross-sector crisis that fundamentally affected modern society. Regulation, as a concept, was both blamed for allowing the crisis to happen, but also tasked with developing and implementing solutions in the wake of the crash.In this book, a number of specialists from a range of fields have contributed their insights into the effect of the Financial Crisis upon the regulatory frameworks affecting their fields, how regulators have responded to the Crisis, and then what this may mean for the future of regulation within those industries. These analyses are joined by a picture of past financial crises – which reveals interesting patterns – and then analyses of architectural regulatory models that were fundamentally affected by the Crisis. The book aims to allow sector specialists the freedom to share their insights so that, potentially, a broader picture can be identified.Providing an interesting and thought-provoking account of this societally impactful era, this book will help the reader develop a more informed understanding of the potential future of financial regulation. The book will be of value to researchers, students, advanced level students, regulators, and policymakers.
Regulation by Municipal Licensing
by John Palmer John Bossons S. M. Makuch Peter QuanceMunicipal licensing serves a variety of regulatory purposes such as consumer protection and public health and safety. The municipal licensing power is delegated from the provincial government, up to the present, municipalities have been restricted to enumerated, specific powers, and the result has been the growth of a disorganized and unwieldy accumulation of bylaws, many of which conflict or are obsolete. The development of a two-tier system of municipal government, exemplified by Metropolitan Toronto, adds to the complexity of the issues. Basing their analysis upon municipal experience in Ontario, the authors envisage a reorganized system in which provincial and municipal powers will be exercised more rationally to deal with problems at the level at which they tend to occur.Municipal licensing in practice is the topic of a study of the cartage and taxicab industries in a number of Canadian and American cities. Comparisons of industry structure in differing regulatory environments lead to the conclusion that entry controls are not justified by their results.
Regulation in Asia: Pushing Back on Globalization
by John Gillespie Randall PeerenboomUnlike much analysis about regulation in Asia which focuses on globalisation and the transplant effect, leaving domestic influence over commercial regulation under-researched and under-theorized, this book focuses on how local actors influence regulatory change. It explores the complex economic and regulatory factors that generate social demand for state regulation and shows how local networks, courts, democratic processes and civil society have a huge influence on regulatory systems. It examines the particular circumstances in a wide range of Asian countries, provides transnational comparisons and comparisons with Western countries, and assesses how far local regulatory regimes increase economic value and convey competitive advantages.
Regulation of Air Transport
by Ruwantissa AbeyratneEvery ten years ICAO holds a worldwide air transport conference. The most recent such event - the 6th Worldwide Air Transport Conference (ATConf/6) - was held in Montreal from 18 to 22 March 2013. The questions posed by this book are: are the "clerical and administrative tasks" for ICAO which were decided on by ATConf/6 (and other preceding conferences) sufficient to meet the needs of the people of the world for safe, regular, economical and efficient air transport? Should ICAO not think outside of its 67-year-old box and become a beacon to air transport regulators? In other words, shouldn't the bottom line of ICAO's meaning and purpose in the field of air transport be to analyze trends and guide the air transport industry instead of continuing to merely act as a forum for global practitioners to gather and update information on their respective countries' policies for air transport? Shouldn't ICAO provide direction, as do other agencies of the United Nations? This book addresses ICAO's inability, unlike most other specialized agencies in their missions, to make a tangible difference in air transport development, through a discussion of key issues affecting the air transport industry. It also inquires into the future of air transport regulation.
The Regulation of Air Transport: From Protection to Liberalisation, and Back Again (Managing Aviation Operations)
by Barry HumphreysThe regulation of modern civil aviation can be traced back to the later years of the Second World War. An intense debate about the future regulatory regime resulted in a compromise which to this day essentially dictates the structure of the global airline industry. Further progress towards ‘normalising’ the industry appears to be slowing down, and perhaps even going into reverse. Without an understanding of the development of regulation, it is not possible to understand fully the industry’s current problems and how they might be resolved. Many books have been written about the development of international air transport, covering deregulation, privatisation, the emergence of new business models among other things, but few if any have taken a broad view of the trends which have determined the industry’s current structure. The Regulation of Air Transport charts the development of aviation from the end of the Second World War to the present day, following the key trends and disruptive forces. It provides an overview of what has determined the industry’s current structure, the problems still facing the industry and the ways in which it could develop in the future. This wide-ranging study is important reading for both professionals and academics within the aviation field, as well as anyone interested in the broader development of economic regulation.
The Regulation of Animal Health and Welfare: Science, Law and Policy (Law, Science and Society)
by John McEldowney Wyn Grant Graham MedleyThe Regulation of Animal Health and Welfare draws on the research of scientists, lawyers, economists and political scientists to address the current and future regulatory problems posed by the issues of animal health and disease. Recent events such as the outbreak of mad cow disease, epidemics of foot and mouth disease, concerns about bluetongue in sheep, and the entry into the food chain of the offspring of cloned cattle, have heightened awareness of the issues of regulation in animal disease and welfare. This book critically appraises the existing regulatory institutions and guiding principles of how best to maintain animal health in the context of social change and a developing global economy. Addressing considerations of sound science, the role of risk management, and the allocation of responsibilities, it also takes up the theoretical and practical challenges which here – and elsewhere – attend the co-operation of scientists, social scientists, lawyers and policy makers. Indeed, the collaboration of scientists and social scientists in determined and regulatory contexts such as that of animal disease is an issue of ever-increasing importance. This book will be of considerable value to those with interests in this issue, as well as those concerned with the law and policy relating to animal health and welfare.
The Regulation of Automated and Autonomous Transport
by Kyriaki Noussia Matthew ChannonThis book discusses various legal aspects of automated and autonomous transport. The regulation of automated and autonomous transport encompasses legislation on automated cars, ships, vessels, and drones. Questions surrounding this novel area of the law, which has attracted major worldwide interest and publicity, are likely to dominate our societies and everyday life in the years ahead. One major challenge addressed in this book is remedying the regulatory fragmentation that can be observed around the globe concerning legislation on automated and autonomous transportation systems. Written and edited by respected experts in the field, including academics and practitioners alike, this book seeks to fill an important gap in the literature.Given its focus and scope, the book will be of considerable interest to practitioners, academics, and policymakers, judges, students and secondary audiences, including engineers, sociologists, naval architects, all those involved in the automated industry, and people working in AI.
Regulation of Biological Control Agents
by Ralf-Udo EhlersThis book presents a comprehensive compilation of registration requirements necessary for authorisation of biological control agents (viruses, bacteria, fungi, active substances of natural origin and semiochemicals) in OECD countries. It also reviews data requirements for invertebrate agents (insect, mites and nematodes) and provides proposals for harmonisation of the regulation process and guidelines for completion of application forms. Based on results of the EU REBECA Policy Support Action, which gathered experts from academia, regulation authorities and industry, risks and benefits of the specific agents were reviewed and proposals for a more balanced registration process elaborated, including recommendations for acceleration of the authorisation process and discussions on trade-off effects and policy impacts. All these aspects are covered in detail in this book, which points the way forward for enhanced utilisation of biological control agents.
The Regulation of Cannabis in Europe: Of Highs and Laws
by Robin HofmannChanging attitudes towards cannabis across Europe are challenging old convictions of drug prohibition and making space for new approaches to the drug. This book delves into the evolving landscape of cannabis regulation across Europe and the world. Starting with Germany’s push for full legalization, the work highlights the hurdles faced by policymakers, offering a detailed analysis of the international and European frameworks that restrict drug policy reform and discussing potential loopholes to avoid them. The case of Germany and its struggle with cannabis reform serves as a valuable blueprint with guidance for other states considering implementing more progressive approaches to drugs. The volume explores the complexities of cannabis regulation in a concise and approachable way, targeting not only legal professionals but also policymakers and readers with an interest in the societal dynamics of drug policy reforms and how these are shaped by the European Union and international law. The book will be of interest to a broad audience that includes legal scholars and practitioners; students of criminology, international law, and European law; and those with an interest in EU security and health policies.
Regulation of Commercial Space Transport
by Ruwantissa AbeyratneThis book provides a look at the various nuances of the commercial aspects of space transport and offers a workable and practical legal and regulatory approach to be taken by the International Civil Aviation Organization. The book also addresses the perceived lack of wisdom in neglecting to consider the basic legal structure of a regulatory regime for commercial space transport as a first step and goes on to analyze ways and means of using the existing legal instruments pertaining to international civil aviation as an analogous system that can be moulded into a separate and cohesive set of multilateral legal instruments that could apply to commercial space transport. As expected, commercial space transport has taken off with a flourish. It is now evident that, from sub-orbital flights to mining asteroids, this industry will grow exponentially. Signs of its importance are reflected by various international conferences being convened on the subject both by academia and the international community. The only snag is the lack of a regulatory instrument or in the least a contrived approach to a definitive legal regime that would provide a structure, purpose and direction to commercial space transport. This blatant lacuna and neglect has resulted in the emergence of various theories by academics and a half hearted look at the subject by the international legal community.
The Regulation of Cosmetic Procedures: Legal, Ethical and Practical Challenges
by Melanie Latham Jean MchaleThis book examines the ethical and regulatory debates surrounding the rise of the cosmetic procedures industry. In the past, cosmetic procedures were often seen as limited to a small number of wealthy older women. Today, such procedures have gone mainstream, partly facilitated by the rise of "non-invasive" techniques, such as the use of Botox and Dermal Fillers. While still a business dominated by the female consumer, there are also an increasing number of males undertaking cosmetic procedures as social expectations around appearance and ageing are challenged. At the same time, the rapid expansion of this business, and the incoherent, diverse approach to its regulation, have given rise to concern. It has been seen as a "Wild West". If cosmetic procedures go wrong, such procedures give rise to real risks of harm. This book examines the historical backdrop, current practice and risks associated with cosmetic procedures. It discusses the ethical and regulatory challenges for this area. It also examines the current legal frameworks concerning people, practitioners and products in the UK. The book also draws lessons from regulatory approaches in other jurisdictions with particular reference to the United States, Brazil and France. It then sets out a legal and regulatory framework that might better protect and empower the cosmetic consumer, now and in the future. The book is likely to be of particular interest to those working in the areas of health and medical law, socio-legal studies and political science.