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The Enlightened Shareholder Value Principle and Corporate Social Responsibility: A theoretical and qualitative analysis (Routledge Research in Corporate Law)
by Taskin IqbalThe Enlightened Shareholder Value principle and Corporate Social Responsibility are areas of increasing academic and research interest. However, discussions on the ESV principle in relation to CSR are very limited. This book provides a critical analysis of the impact of the concept of ESV, embedded in the Companies Act 2006, on CSR and explores the scope for reform. Along with analysing existing empirical research, it presents the findings of an empirical study conducted to determine whether the concept of ESV is capable of promoting or assisting CSR. The book also examines whether implementing an ESV approach has had any impact on the CSR practices of multinational corporations that originate in the UK and operate in developing nations, as in order to assess whether the ESV principle links to CSR both its domestic and international impact need to be considered. This analysis was undertaken through the lens of a case study on the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh, with some focus on the Rana Plaza factory disaster. This study also assists in demonstrating the changes that need to be made to improve the current situation. Lastly, the book addresses the need for reform in the area and provides possible suggestions for reform. This interdisciplinary book will be of great interest to students and scholars of corporate law, corporate governance and business studies in general as well as policymakers, NGOs and government departments in many countries around the world working in the fields of CSR, sustainability and global supply chains.
The Enterprise of Law: Justice Without the State
by Bruce L. BensonDefenders of the state&’s monopoly on lawmaking and law enforcement typically assume that any alternative arrangement would favor the rich at the expense of the poor—or would lead to the collapse of social order and ignite a war. Questioning how well these beliefs hold up to scrutiny, this book offers a powerful rebuttal of the received view of the relationship between law and government.The provision of justice and security has long been linked in most people&’s minds to the exclusive province of government monopolies. However, in this path-breaking book, Benson shows that a system of market-based institutions, rooted in the legal principle of personal accountability under a rule of law in all aspects of criminal justice, have and can deliver those services on their own, without the aid of taxation and a coercive state monopoly on the establishment and enforcement of law. In The Enterprise of Law, Benson offers a powerful rebuttal of the received view of the relationship between law and government. The book brilliantly shows that non-state institutions have and do fight crime, resolve disputes, and render justice more effectively than the state because they have stronger incentives to do so. The book offers a host of landmark findings, and here is just a sampling: The rapid recent growth of private-sector security and conflict resolution continues the effective legacy of private crime control and the common law. Protections for individual rights and private property are not the exclusive purview of government-run legal systems. Privatizing security and dispute-resolution services and contracting out to the private sector, can offer tangible benefits—namely better and more just services at lower costs.
The Enterprise of Law: Justice without the State
by Bruce L. BensonThis study will use economic theory to compare institutions and incentives that influence public and private performance in the provision of law and its enforcement. Some critics may contend that law is not an appropriate subject for "economic analysis," because it is not produced and allocated in exchange markets. To be certain, economics has a great deal to say about market institutions, but its relevance and scope are not so narrowly limited. Economic theory requires only that scarce resources be allocated among competing uses. Clearly, the enterprise of law--the use of police services, court time, and all other inputs in the process of making law and establishing order--requires scarce resources that must be allocated. Beyond that, economic theory explains human behavior by considering how individuals react to incentives and constraints.
The Entrenchment of Democracy: The Comparative Constitutional Design of Elections, Parties and Voting (Comparative Constitutional Law and Policy)
by Tom Ginsburg Aziz Z. Huq Tarunabh KhaitanThis volume of essays brings together a group of leading political scientists, legal scholars, and political theorists to describe and analyze the body of constitutional law and practice within and upon democratic institutions, in particular examining how constitutional law shapes electoral democracy. Constitutional law and practice on this question are complex and varied. This volume therefore takes a thematic and regional approach: it selects a range of key theoretical questions related to democratic constitutional design and offers a series of chapters featuring a diverse range of voices, as well as a blend of theory, qualitative studies, and quantitative methods. Readers will gain a multifaceted understanding of a phenomenon of growing importance. The volume will also be useful to students of comparative constitutionalism, who will gain a rich array of empirical evidence to stimulate further work. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Entrepreneurial Humanities: The Crucial Role of the Humanities in Enterprise and the Economy
by Alain-Philippe DurandWith AI, cryptocurrency, and more in the news, it seems that being an entrepreneur means being in IT, but humanities graduates are launching new businesses every day, turning a profit and having social impact. This book explores how a humanities background can enable entrepreneurs to thrive. Across all levels of education, students are given the message that to change the world - or make money - the arts and humanities are not the subjects to study. At the same time, discussions of innovation and entrepreneurship highlight the importance of essential skills, such as critical thinking, storytelling, cultural awareness, and ethical decision-making. Here’s the disconnect: the subjects that help to develop these vital skills are derided at critical points in any aspiring entrepreneur’s education. This collection of perspectives from entrepreneurs in a range of fields and humanities educators illustrates what individuals, and the wider world, are missing when humanities are overlooked as a source of inspiration and success in business. Featuring a foreword by Sensemaking author Christian Madsbjerg, this is a thought-provoking guide for aspiring entrepreneurs in all sectors, and for educators, a window on the practical value of the humanities in an ever more mechanized world._
The Environment Through the Lens of International Courts and Tribunals
by Benjamin Samson Edgardo Sobenes Sarah MeadThis book brings together leading and emerging scholars and practitioners to present an overview of how regional, international and transnational courts and tribunals are engaging with the environment. With the natural world under unprecedented pressure, the book highlights the challenges and opportunities presented by international dispute resolution for the protection of the environment and the further development of international environmental law. Presented in three parts, it addresses how individual courts and tribunals engage with environmental matters (Part I); how courts and tribunals are resolving key issues common to environmental litigation (Part II); and future opportunities and developments in the field (Part III). The book is an essential one-stop-shop for students, practitioners and academics alike interested in international litigation and the protection of our global environment.Edgardo Sobenes is an international lawyer and consultant in international law (ESILA), Sarah Mead is a lawyer specialising in international environmental and human rights law, and Benjamin Samson is a researcher at the Université Paris Nanterre and consultant in international law.
The Environment and International Relations (Themes in International Relations)
by Kate O’NeillThe new edition of this exciting textbook introduces students to the ways in which the theories and tools of international relations and other social science disciplines can be used to analyse and address global environmental problems. Kate O'Neill develops an innovative historical and analytical framework for understanding global environmental issues, integrating insights from different disciplines, and she identifies the main actors and their roles, thereby encouraging readers to engage with the issues and equip themselves with the knowledge they need to apply their own critical insights. Revised and updated, the new edition features new figures, examples, textboxes, and a new chapter on the emergence and politics of market mechanisms as a new mode of global environmental governance. The latest developments in the field, including the December 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, along with new perspectives and recent thinking, are incorporated throughout. This will be invaluable for students of environmental issues both from political science and environmental studies perspectives. Builds an innovative analytical framework, enabling students to apply their own critical understanding of environmental issues using tools of international relations. All chapters have been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the latest developments in the field, incorporating new perspectives and recent thinking, including the December 2015 Paris Climate Agreement. Incorporates new examples, textboxes, and figures throughout to explain key concepts and debates, enabling students to connect theory with practice.
The Environmental Rule of Law for Oceans: Designing Legal Solutions
by Froukje Maria Platjouw Alla PozdnakovaOur oceans need a strong and effective environmental rule of law to protect them against increased pressures and demands, including climate change, pollution, fisheries, shipping and more. The environmental rule of law for oceans requires the existence of a set of rules and policies at multiple governance levels that appropriately regulate human activities at sea and ensure that pressures on the marine ecosystem are tackled effectively. Adhering to the rule of law through clear, predictable, coherent, and legitimate rules, and their implementation and enforcement, is timely and urgent. In this book, we are searching for ways to improve, strengthen and further develop the environmental rule of law for oceans. The book provides future-oriented perspectives on how law should evolve to better preserve the oceans. All chapters incorporate novel insights and ideas for legal solutions that might inspire scholars, actors, authorities, citizens and communities around the globe. This title is Open Access.
The Epictetus Club: Lessons from the Walls
by Jeff TraylorTake a fascinating look inside the old Ohio Penitentiary as you follow a group of inmates who meet weekly under the tutelage of a lifer named Zeno in a group called the Epictetus Club. The inmates study the teachings of this Greek philosopher, and with the help of his ancient wisdom they meet the daily challenges of their lives. Learning to think outside the limits of their own literal walls as they struggle to redeem themselves, the club members show us how to think beyond our own self-imposed limitations and comfort zones.
The Epiphany of Love: Toward a Theological Understanding of Christian Action (Ressourcement: Retrieval and Renewal in Catholic Thought (RRRCT))
by Livio MelinaIn this volume Livio Melina attempts to overcome the deadlock in which moral theology can easily find itself due to the false alternative between moralism, with its emphasis on external rules, and antimoralism, with its insistence on freedom from all norms. The key, Melina argues here, is not to regard morality as a simple list of principles directing our choices and helping us to make correct moral judgments. Rather, we must step back and begin to comprehend the dynamic mystery of Christian action. Only in the light of Christ can the proper correlation between faith and morality, freedom and truth, be clearly understood. True morality springs from a synergistic relationship with God, born of faith in Christ, nurtured in the church, and made manifest in that which inspires all authentic goodness -- the epiphany of love.
The Epistemic Injustice of Genocide Denialism (Routledge Studies in Epistemology)
by Melanie AltanianThe injustice of genocide denial is commonly understood as a violation of the dignity of victims, survivors, and their descendants, and further described as an assault on truth and memory. This book rethinks the normative relationship between dignity, truth, and memory in relation to genocide denial by adopting the framework of epistemic injustice.This framework performs two functions. First, it introduces constructive normative vocabulary into genocide scholarship through which we can gain a better understanding of the normative impacts of genocide denial when it is institutionalized and systematic. Second, it develops and enriches current scholarship on epistemic injustice with a further, underexplored case study. Genocide denialism is relevant for political and social epistemology, as it presents a substantive epistemic practice that distorts normativity and social reality in ways that maintain domination. This generates pervasive ignorance that makes denial rather than recognition of genocide appear as the morally and epistemically right thing to do. By focusing on the prominent case of Turkey’s denialism of the Armenian genocide, the book shows the serious consequences of this kind of epistemic injustice for the victim group and society as a whole.The Epistemic Injustice of Genocide Denialism will appeal to students and scholars working in social, political, and applied epistemology, social and political philosophy, genocide studies, Armenian studies, and memory studies.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license. Any third party material in this book is not included in the OA Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Please direct any permissions enquiries to the original rightsholder.Funded by: Swiss National Science Foundation
The Epistemology of Conversation: First Essays (Philosophical Studies Series #156)
by Waldomiro J. Silva-FilhoThis edited volume presents an innovative perspective on conversation and is the first book to deal with the epistemic aspects of conversation or dialogue. "Conversation" has been a recurring subject in various fields of philosophy, such as moral philosophy, pragmatics, and the philosophy of language. This text assumes conversation as a joint agency and explores when participants assume common purposes, commit to contributing relevant statements, and face the challenges of confronting interlocutors. It investigates whether the norm of conversation can be reduced to the interaction between speaker and audience, where the speaker must speak the truth and the audience must understand this intention. This volume explores the epistemology of testimony and addresses the motivations for starting a conversation, which can include legitimate disagreements, as well as curiosities about the interlocutor's beliefs and shared doubts. This text contributes to understanding epistemic dynamics in contemporary liberal democracies, such as polarization, disintegration of epistemic communities, silencing, and epistemic injustices. It appeals to students and researchers.
The Equal Parent Presumption
by Edward KrukIn custody battles over the children of separated parents, the prevailing standard of evaluating what is in the "best interests of the child" has been scrutinized because of the discretionary nature of what is "best" and because of the bias in favour of the child residing in one "primary residence." In response, a consensus is beginning to emerge that it is vitally important that children maintain meaningful relationships with both parents after divorce. In The Equal Parenting Presumption, Edward Kruk proposes a child-focused approach based on a standard that considers the best interests of the child from the perspective of the child and a responsibility-to-needs orientation to social justice for children and families. Challenging previous research and received ideas, Kruk presents an evidence-based framework of equal parental responsibility as the most effective means of ensuring the protection of family relationships following divorce, and shielding children from ongoing parental conflict and family violence. The existing system of determining parental rights and responsibilities is harming families. The Equal Parenting Presumption addresses a major barrier to the principle of gender equality in parenting after divorce, and proposes a viable alternative to sole custody in the form of a legal presumption of shared and equal parenting.
The Equal Parent Presumption: Social Justice in the Legal Determination of Parenting after Divorce
by Edward KrukIn custody battles over the children of separated parents, the prevailing standard of evaluating what is in the "best interests of the child" has been scrutinized because of the discretionary nature of what is "best" and because of the bias in favour of the child residing in one "primary residence." In response, a consensus is beginning to emerge that it is vitally important that children maintain meaningful relationships with both parents after divorce. In The Equal Parent Presumption, Edward Kruk proposes a child-focused approach based on a standard that considers the best interests of the child from the perspective of the child and a responsibility-to-needs orientation to social justice for children and families. Challenging previous research and received ideas, Kruk presents an evidence-based framework of equal parental responsibility as the most effective means of ensuring the protection of family relationships following divorce, and shielding children from ongoing parental conflict and family violence. The existing system of determining parental rights and responsibilities is harming families. The Equal Parent Presumption addresses a major barrier to the principle of gender equality in parenting after divorce, and proposes a viable alternative to sole custody in the form of a legal presumption of shared and equal parenting.
The Equality Act for Educational Professionals: A simple guide to disability inclusion in schools (nasen spotlight)
by Geraldine Hills"A definite must for SENCOS." -- Urmston Junior School "A good insight into process of tribunal and what the Equality Act means." -- Team Leader, St Paul's CE Primary School 'A much needed resource in supporting schools, centres, day nurseries and community childcare provision to understand the complexity of the issues surrounding SEN... A valuable tool.’ -- Gerri Ross – Head of Old Moat Sure Start Children’s Centre, UK "Straightforward and easily accessible...I would recommend this book to undergraduates and professionals alike who have an interest in ensuring that the rights of disabled children are upheld." -- Dr Craig Blyth, School of Education, University of Manchester, UK Under the Equality Act (2010), all schools and service providers have a legal obligation to make provision for disabled pupils, staff and school users. If you’re feeling confused and concerned about the content and implications of the Disability Duty Act (1995) and the more recently released Equality Act (2010), and how it affects your setting, this essential book will help you unpick the issues in a user-friendly and easily accessible way. This highly practical resource: explains the main parts of Equality Act (2010) as it affects disability in a way that will encourage all members of staff within a school to feel confident that they are correctly implementing its requirements; discusses ‘reasonable adjustments’ and ‘less favourable treatment’ which are at the heart of the legislation; shows how ‘less favourable treatment’ and ‘reasonable adjustments’ apply to admissions, exclusions, handling of medicines and during school trips; uses examples and case studies throughout, and highlights the key factors for success in making reasonable adjustments; takes readers through the process of an alleged act of discrimination against the school, and how it may be resolved, up to and including the SEND tribunal process. The author brings a wealth of experience to this topic, both as a parent of a disabled child and as a trainer of professionals. She uses her unique insight to develop skills and awareness in anyone who follows her material, and shows through tried and tested concepts and methods, how schools and settings can avoid costly and stressful tribunals. Headteachers, teachers, SENCos, Sure Start Centre Managers and anyone who works in educational settings will find this book essential to their professional development and a fantastic source of support and help.
The Equality Machine: Harnessing Digital Technology for a Brighter, More Inclusive Future
by Orly LobelAN ECONOMIST BEST BOOK OF 2022 At a time when AI and digital platforms are under fire, Orly Lobel, a renowned tech policy scholar, defends technology as a powerful tool we can harness to achieve equality and a better future. Much has been written about the challenges tech presents to equality and democracy. But we can either criticize big data and automation or steer it to do better. Lobel makes a compelling argument that while we cannot stop technological development, we can direct its course according to our most fundamental values. With provocative insights in every chapter, Lobel masterfully shows that digital technology frequently has a comparative advantage over humans in detecting discrimination, correcting historical exclusions, subverting long-standing stereotypes, and addressing the world&’s thorniest problems: climate, poverty, injustice, literacy, accessibility, speech, health, and safety. Lobel's vivid examples—from labor markets to dating markets—provide powerful evidence for how we can harness technology for good. The book&’s incisive analysis and elegant storytelling will change the debate about technology and restore human agency over our values.
The Equilibrium of Parliamentary Law-making: Comparative Perspectives on the Role of Courts in a Democracy (Routledge Research in Public Law)
by Viktor KazaiThis book is a response to the dangers posed to constitutional democracy by the continuous growth of executive power and the simultaneous decline of parliaments’ role in policy formation. These phenomena are often manifested in the manipulation and even the violation of the rules of parliamentary law-making, called irregularities. If left without consequences, these irregularities can ultimately lead to the elimination of the procedural constraints imposed on the ruling political forces to prevent their arbitrary exercise of power. This work investigates the constitutional significance of the irregularities of parliamentary law-making and explores the role that courts play in the remedy of these flaws. The analysis is premised on the concept of equilibrium. This explanatory concept denotes an ideal state in which parliamentary law-making complies with the requirements of constitutionalism, and judicial review is conceptualized as a mechanism suitable to achieve this aim. The volume places the judicial review of the regulation and the practice of parliamentary law-making at its center and discusses all the relevant legal concepts, institutions, and doctrines. It combines theoretical analysis with case law-centered comparative research covering a large number of decisions delivered by apex courts operating in various jurisdictions. Due to this methodological choice, the book aims to simultaneously contribute to the scholarly discourse and provide useful information to practicing lawyers and policymakers working in the areas of constitutional law and politics and comparative law.
The Equitable Forest: Diversity, Community, and Resource Management
by Carol J. Pierce ColferWhile there continues to be refinement in defining and assessing sustainable management, there remains the urgent need for policies that create the conditions that support sustainability and can halt or slow destructive practices already underway. Carol Colfer and her contributors maintain that standardized solutions to forest problems from afar have failed to address both human and environmental needs. Such approaches, they argue, often neglect the knowledge that local stakeholders have accumulated over generations as forest managers and do not address issues involving the diversity and well-being of groups within communities. The contributors note that these problems persist despite clear evidence that equity and social relationships, including gender roles, are important factors in the ways that communities adapt to change and manage forest resources overall. The Equitable Forest offers an alternative to traditional, externally organized strategies for forest management. Termed adaptive collaborative management (ACM), the approach tries to better acknowledge the diversity, complexity, and unpredictability of human and natural systems. ACM works to strengthen local institutions and use the knowledge and capacity of groups in local communities to enhance the health and well-being of both forests and the people who live in and around them. The Equitable Forest provides a detailed explanation of the descriptive, analytical, and methodological tools of ACM, along with accounts of early stages of its implementation in tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Although the contributors make it clear that it is too soon to evaluate the efficacy of ACM, their work is supported by evidence that rural communities do make important contributions when involved in formal forest management; that management strategies are most effective when flexible and tailored to local contexts; and that efforts by outside governmental and nongovernmental organizations to support local management are feasible from the policymaking perspective, and desirable for their impact on human, economic, and environmental well-being.
The Era of Transitional Justice: The Aftermath of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa and Beyond
by Paul GreadyFirst Published in 2011. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Erich Fromm Reader: Readings Selected and Edited by Rainer Funk
by Erich Fromm&“Fromm crossed the boundaries of traditional disciplines to expound his view on the alienation of man in an increasingly technological world.&” —Newsweek Erich Fromm&’s basic idea was to look at the individual as a social being, and to look at society as an ensemble of many individuals who have not only mutual ideas and convictions based on a common practice of life, but also a shared psychic structure. With his concept of &“social character,&” Fromm created a new interdisciplinary thinking presented in this compendium.The Erich Fromm Reader exhibits the true genius of an original thinker in seeing the connections between overlapping knowledge from many different fields. Here, interdisciplinarity is not only a lip service but the impact of Erich Fromm&’s unique social psychological notion.
The Essence of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics
by Hunter Lewis & Stuart KelloggAxios Press&’s Essence of . . . series takes the greatest works ever written in the field of practical philosophy and pares them down to their essence. We select the best passages—the ones that are immediately relevant to us today, full of timeless wisdom and advice about the world and how best to live our lives—and leave behind the more obscure or less important bits. Our selections are not isolated: they flow together to create a seamless work that will capture your interest and attention from page one. And we provide useful notes and a solid introduction to the work. Aristotle&’s Nicomachean Ethics is widely considered one of the most important historical philosophical works. Indirectly it was critical in the development of all modern philosophy, not to mention European law and theology. One might say that Aristotle was really the first social scientist. Like Machiavelli, he closely observed how people actually behaved, but unlike Machiavelli, he did so for the purpose of teaching virtue. Moreover, Aristotle formulated a unique way of looking at the good life—one that requires us to look for a mean between extremes. The motto &“Moderation in all things&” is completely Aristotelian, though he would probably have added &“. . . including moderation!&”Now with linking endnotes and index.
The Essence of Socrates
by Hunter LewisSocrates is important to us for many reasons. First, he recognized the value of logic and showed us how to use it to discover truth. Second, he led an exemplary and courageous life which cannot fail to inspire anyone who reads about it. His calm and eloquent defense of himself during the final trial for heresy, which ended in his condemnation and execution, are among the most famous passages in world literature. No one, apart from the great religious teachers, has had a more profound impact on human thought. Socrates himself wrote nothing. Fortunately his pupils Plato and Xenophon recorded his sayings for posterity. Indeed the connection between Socrates and Plato is so close that this little book could alternatively been titled The Essence of Plato. The latter&’s philosophical treatises did not survive, so that all that remains to us is the Dialogues which mostly recount the life of Socrates.Axios Press&’s Essence of . . . series takes the greatest works ever written in the field of practical philosophy and pares them down to their essence. We select the best passages—the ones that are immediately relevant to us today, full of timeless wisdom and advice about the world and how best to live our lives—and leave behind the more obscure or less important bits. Our selections are not isolated: they flow together to create a seamless work that will capture your interest and attention from page one. And we provide useful notes and a solid introduction to the work.
The Essence of Spinoza's Ethics
by Hunter LewisAxios&’s Essence of . . . Series takes the greatest works of practical philosophy and pares them down to their essence. Selected passages flow together to create a seamless work that will capture your interest from page one.Goethe: " [In his] Ethics ... , I found the serenity to calm my passions...."This new edition makes Spinoza's own words understandable by everyone.Now with linking index.
The Essential Contract Law Casebook
by Craig SmithThis textbook is designed for use in the first year Contracts course offered in U.S. law schools. It is written in a straightforward method that doesn't "hide the ball" while including a wide and representative collection of precedent setting cases in the field of Contract Law.
The Essential Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches and Writings
by Bernard Bailyn Robert AllisonReturn to the nation's founding to rediscover the dramatic original debates--on presidential power, religious liberty, foreign corruption, and more--that still shape our world todayWhen the Constitutional Convention adjourned on September 17, 1787, few Americans anticipated the document that emerged from its secret proceedings. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and the other framers had fashioned something radically new, a strong national government with broad powers. A fierce storm of argument soon broke out in advance of the state ratifying conventions that would decide the new plan's fate as Federalist supporters, Antifederalist opponents, and seekers of a middle ground praised, condemned, challenged, and analyzed the new Constitution. Here, in chronological order, are more than sixty newspaper articles, pamphlets, speeches, and private letters written or delivered during this ratification debate. Along with familiar figures such as Madison, Hamilton, and Patrick Henry, are dozens of lesser-known but equally engaged and passionate participants. The most famous writings of the period--especially the key Federalist essays--are placed in context alongside the arguments of insightful Antifederalists such as "Brutus" and the "Federal Farmer." Crucial issues quickly take center stage--the need for a Bill of Rights, the controversial compromises over slavery and the slave trade, whether religious tests should be imposed--and on questions that continue to engage and divide Americans: the relationship between the national government and the states, the dangers of unchecked presidential power and the remedy of impeachment, the proper role of the Supreme Court, fears of foreign and domestic corruption, and the persistent challenge of making representative government work in a large and diverse nation.