- Table View
- List View
Thinking How to Live
by Allan GibbardPhilosophers have long suspected that thought and discourse about what we ought to do differ in some fundamental way from statements about what is. But the difference has proved elusive, in part because the two kinds of statement look alike. Focusing on judgments that express decisions—judgments about what is to be done, all things considered—Allan Gibbard offers a compelling argument for reconsidering, and reconfiguring, the distinctions between normative and descriptive discourse—between questions of "ought" and "is." Gibbard considers how our actions, and our realities, emerge from the thousands of questions and decisions we form for ourselves. The result is a book that investigates the very nature of the questions we ask ourselves when we ask how we should live, and that clarifies the concept of "ought" by understanding the patterns of normative concepts involved in beliefs and decisions. An original and elegant work of metaethics, this book brings a new clarity and rigor to the discussion of these tangled issues, and will significantly alter the long-standing debate over "objectivity" and "factuality" in ethics.
Thinking Like a Lawyer
by Kenneth J. VandeveldeIn this book, Vandevelde (law, Thomas Jefferson School of Law) attempts to identify, systematically analyze, and simplify into applicable terms the characteristics of legal thought and reasoning. Twelve chapters are organized into three sections: basic legal reasoning, reasoning with policies, and perspectives on legal reasoning. Chapters cover topics like analyzing the law, policy analysis, synthesis, and application, and contemporary perspectives on legal reasoning. The second edition includes a new appendix describing the way legal reasoning is taught in law school and how students can use this text to reinforce their reasoning skills. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
Thinking Like a Lawyer
by Kenneth J. VandeveldeWhen Kenneth J. Vandevelde's Thinking Like a Lawyer first published, it became an instant classic, considered by many to be the gold standard introduction to legal reasoning. In this long-awaited second edition, intended for fans of the original and a new generation of lawyers, Vandevelde expands his classic work with useful revisions and updates throughout. Law students, law professors, and lawyers frequently refer to the process of "thinking like a lawyer," but attempts to analyze in any systematic way what is meant by that phrase are rare. Vandevelde defines this elusive phrase and identifies the techniques involved in thinking like a lawyer. Unlike most legal writings, plagued by difficult, virtually incomprehensible language, Vandevelde's work is accessible and clearly written. The second edition features new sections on the legislative process--describing step-by-step how legislation is enacted--and the judicial process--describing step-by-step how a case is litigated in court. Other new sections address the significance of dissenting and concurring opinions as well as the role of cognitive bias in factual determinations and on persuading a jury, on burdens of proof, and on presumptions. A new chapter provides contemporary perspectives on legal reasoning, which includes new material on feminist legal theory, critical race theory, and the economics of law. A new appendix is intended for prospective law students, explaining how readers can use the techniques in the book to help them excel in law school. Vandevelde's Thinking Like a Lawyer will help students, lawyers, and lay readers alike gain important insight into a well-developed and valuable way of thinking. Professors and students will find the book useful in almost any introductory law course at the graduate level and in advanced undergraduate courses on law.
Thinking Like a Lawyer
by Kenneth J. VandeveldeWhen Kenneth J. Vandevelde’s Thinking Like a Lawyer first published, it became an instant classic, considered by many to be the gold standard introduction to legal reasoning. In this long-awaited second edition, intended for fans of the original and a new generation of lawyers, Vandevelde expands his classic work with useful revisions and updates throughout. Law students, law professors, and lawyers frequently refer to the process of “thinking like a lawyer,” but attempts to analyze in any systematic way what is meant by that phrase are rare. Vandevelde defines this elusive phrase and identifies the techniques involved in thinking like a lawyer. Unlike most legal writings, plagued by difficult, virtually incomprehensible language, Vandevelde’s work is accessible and clearly written. The second edition features new sections on the legislative process—describing step-by-step how legislation is enacted—and the judicial process—describing step-by-step how a case is litigated in court. Other new sections address the significance of dissenting and concurring opinions as well as the role of cognitive bias in factual determinations and on persuading a jury, on burdens of proof, and on presumptions. A new chapter provides contemporary perspectives on legal reasoning, which includes new material on feminist legal theory, critical race theory, and the economics of law. A new appendix is intended for prospective law students, explaining how readers can use the techniques in the book to help them excel in law school. Vandevelde’s Thinking Like a Lawyer will help students, lawyers, and lay readers alike gain important insight into a well-developed and valuable way of thinking. Professors and students will find the book useful in almost any introductory law course at the graduate level and in advanced undergraduate courses on law.
Thinking Like a Lawyer
by Kenneth J. VandeveldeWhen Kenneth J. Vandevelde's Thinking Like a Lawyer first published, it became an instant classic, considered by many to be the gold standard introduction to legal reasoning. In this long-awaited second edition, intended for fans of the original and a new generation of lawyers, Vandevelde expands his classic work with useful revisions and updates throughout. Law students, law professors, and lawyers frequently refer to the process of "thinking like a lawyer," but attempts to analyze in any systematic way what is meant by that phrase are rare. Vandevelde defines this elusive phrase and identifies the techniques involved in thinking like a lawyer. Unlike most legal writings, plagued by difficult, virtually incomprehensible language, Vandevelde's work is accessible and clearly written. The second edition features new sections on the legislative process--describing step-by-step how legislation is enacted--and the judicial process--describing step-by-step how a case is litigated in court. Other new sections address the significance of dissenting and concurring opinions as well as the role of cognitive bias in factual determinations and on persuading a jury, on burdens of proof, and on presumptions. A new chapter provides contemporary perspectives on legal reasoning, which includes new material on feminist legal theory, critical race theory, and the economics of law. A new appendix is intended for prospective law students, explaining how readers can use the techniques in the book to help them excel in law school. Vandevelde's Thinking Like a Lawyer will help students, lawyers, and lay readers alike gain important insight into a well-developed and valuable way of thinking. Professors and students will find the book useful in almost any introductory law course at the graduate level and in advanced undergraduate courses on law.
Thinking Plant Animal Human: Encounters with Communities of Difference (Posthumanities #56)
by David WoodCollected essays by a leading philosopher situating the question of the animal in the broader context of a relational ontology There is a revolution under way in our thinking about animals and, indeed, life in general, particularly in the West. The very words man, animal, and life have turned into flimsy conceptual husks—impediments to thinking about the issues in which they are embroiled. David Wood was a founding member of the early 1970s Oxford Group of philosophers promoting animal rights; he also directed Ecology Action (UK). Thinking Plant Animal Human is the first collection of this major philosopher&’s influential essays on &“animals,&” bringing together his many discussions of nonhuman life, including the classic &“Thinking with Cats.&”Exploring our connections with cats, goats, and sand crabs, Thinking Plant Animal Human introduces the idea of &“kinnibalism&” (the eating of mammals is eating our own kin), reflects on the idea of homo sapiens, and explores the place of animals both in art and in children&’s stories. Finally, and with a special focus on trees, the book delves into remarkable contemporary efforts to rescue plants from philosophical neglect and to rethink and reevaluate their status. Repeatedly bubbling to the surface is the remarkable strangeness of other forms of life, a strangeness that extends to the human. Wood shows that the best way of resisting simplistic classification is to attend to our manifold relationships with other living beings. It is not anthropocentric to focus on such relationships; they cast light in complex ways on the living communities of which we are part, and exploring them recoils profoundly on our understanding of ourselves.
Thinking Through Animals: Identity, Difference, Indistinction
by Matthew CalarcoThe rapidly expanding field of critical animal studies now offers a myriad of theoretical and philosophical positions from which to choose. This timely book provides an overview and analysis of the most influential of these trends. Approachable and concise, it is intended for readers sympathetic to the project of changing our ways of thinking about and interacting with animals yet relatively new to the variety of philosophical ideas and figures in the discipline. It uses three rubrics--identity, difference, and indistinction--to differentiate three major paths of thought about animals. The identity approach aims to establish continuity among human beings and animals so as to grant animals equal access to the ethical and political community. The difference framework views the animal world as containing its own richly complex and differentiated modes of existence in order to allow for a more expansive ethical and political worldview. The indistinction approach argues that we should abandon the notion that humans are unique in order to explore new ways of conceiving human-animal relations. Each approach is interrogated for its relative strengths and weaknesses, with specific emphasis placed on the kinds of transformational potential it contains.
Thinking Through Utilitarianism: A Guide to Contemporary Arguments
by Andrew T. Forcehimes Luke SemrauThinking Through Utilitarianism: A Guide to Contemporary Arguments offers something new among texts elucidating the ethical theory known as Utilitarianism. Intended primarily for students ready to dig deeper into moral philosophy, it examines, in a dialectical and reader-friendly manner, a set of normative principles and a set of evaluative principles leading to what is perhaps the most defensible version of Utilitarianism. With the aim of laying its weaknesses bare, each principle is serially introduced, challenged, and then defended. The result is a battery of stress tests that shows with great clarity not only what is attractive about the theory, but also where its problems lie. It will fascinate any student ready for a serious investigation into what we ought to do and what is of value.
Thinking Without a Banister: Essays in Understanding, 1953-1975
by Hannah Arendt Jerome KohnHannah Arendt was born in Germany in 1906 and lived in America from 1941 until her death in 1975. Thus her life spanned the tumultuous years of the twentieth century, as did her thought. She did not consider herself a philosopher, though she studied and maintained close relationships with two great philosophers—Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger—throughout their lives. She was a thinker, in search not of metaphysical truth but of the meaning of appearances and events. She was a questioner rather than an answerer, and she wrote what she thought, principally to encourage others to think for themselves. Fearless of the consequences of thinking, Arendt found courage woven in each and every strand of human freedom. In 1951 she published The Origins of Totalitarianism, in 1958 The Human Condition, in 1961 Between Past and Future, in 1963 On Revolution and Eichmann in Jerusalem, in 1968 Men in Dark Times, in 1970 On Violence, in 1972 Crises of the Republic, and in 1978, posthumously, The Life of the Mind. Starting at the turn of the twenty-first century, Schocken Books has published a series of collections of Arendt’s unpublished and uncollected writings, of which Thinking Without a Banister is the fifth volume. The title refers to Arendt’s description of her experience of thinking, an activity she indulged without any of the traditional religious, moral, political, or philosophic pillars of support. The book’s contents are varied: the essays, lectures, reviews, interviews, speeches, and editorials, taken together, manifest the relentless activity of her mind as well as her character, acquainting the reader with the person Arendt was, and who has hardly yet been appreciated or understood. (Edited and with an introduction by Jerome Kohn)
Thinking about Bribery: Neuroscience, Moral Cognition and the Psychology of Bribery
by Nichols Philip M. Robertson Diana C.Bribery is perhaps the most visible and most frequently studied form of corruption. Very little research, however, examines the individual decision to offer or accept a bribe, or how understanding that decision can help to effectively control bribery. This book brings together research by scholars from a variety of disciplines studying the mind and morality, who use their research to explain how and why decisions regarding participation in bribery are made. It first examines bribery from the perspective of brain structure, then approaches the decision to engage in bribery from a cognitive perspective. It examines the psychological costs imposed on a person who engages in bribery, and studies societal and organizational norms and their impact on bribery. This is an ideal read for scholars and other interested persons studying business ethics, bribery and corruption, corruption control, and the applications of neuroscience in a business environment.
Thinking about Nature: An Investigation of Nature, Value and Ecology (Routledge Revivals)
by Andrew BrennanEcology – unlike astronomy, physics, or chemistry – is a science with an associated political and ethical movement: the Green Movement. As a result, the ecological position is often accompanied by appeals to holism, and by a mystical quasi-religious conception of the ecosystem. In this title, first published in 1988, Andrew Brennan argues that we can reduce much of the mysticism surrounding ecological discussions by placing them within a larger context, and illustrating that our individual interests are bound with larger, community interests. Using an interdisciplinary approach, which bridges the gap between the sciences, philosophy, and ethics, this is an accessible title, which will be of particular value to students with an interest in the philosophy of environmental science and ethics.
Thinking about Statutes: Interpretation, Interaction, Improvement (The Hamlyn Lectures)
by Andrew BurrowsWe are in the age of statutes; and it is indisputable that statutes are swallowing up the common law. Yet the study of statutes as a coherent whole is rare. In these three lectures, given as the 2017 Hamlyn Lecture series, Professor Andrew Burrows takes on the challenge of thinking seriously and at a practical level about statutes in English law. In his characteristically lively and punchy style, he examines three central aspects which he labels interpretation, interaction and improvement. So how are statutes interpreted? Is statutory interpretation best understood as seeking to effect the intention of Parliament or is that an unhelpful fiction? Can the common law be developed by analogy to statutes? Do the judges have too much power in developing the common law and in interpreting statutes? How can our statutes be improved? These and many other questions are explored and answered in this accessible and thought-provoking analysis.
Thinking about the Prophets: A Philosopher Reads the Bible (JPS Essential Judaism)
by Kenneth SeeskinRethinking the great literary prophets whose ministry ran from the eighth to the sixth centuries BCE—Amos, Hosea, First Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Second Isaiah, and Job—Thinking about the Prophets examines their often-shocking teachings in light of their times, their influence on later Western and Jewish thinkers, and their enduring lessons for all of us. As a noted scholar of Jewish philosophy, Kenneth Seeskin teases out philosophical, ethical, and theological questions in the writings, such as the nature of moral reasoning, the divine persona, divine providence, the suffering of the innocent, the power of repentance, and what it means to believe in a monotheistic conception of God. Seeskin demonstrates that great ideas are not limited by time or place, but rather once put forth, take on a life of their own. Thus he interweaves the medieval and modern philosophers Maimonides, Kant, Cohen, Buber, Levinas, Heschel, and Soloveitchik, all of whom read the prophets and had important things to say as a result. We come to see the prophets perhaps in equal measure as divinely authorized whistle-blowers and profound thinkers of the human condition. Readers of all levels will find this volume an accessible and provoking introduction to the enduring significance of biblical prophecy.
Thinking of Others: On the Talent for Metaphor (Princeton Monographs in Philosophy #37)
by Ted CohenIn Thinking of Others, Ted Cohen argues that the ability to imagine oneself as another person is an indispensable human capacity--as essential to moral awareness as it is to literary appreciation--and that this talent for identification is the same as the talent for metaphor. To be able to see oneself as someone else, whether the someone else is a real person or a fictional character, is to exercise the ability to deal with metaphor and other figurative language. The underlying faculty, Cohen argues, is the same--simply the ability to think of one thing as another when it plainly is not. In an engaging style, Cohen explores this idea by examining various occasions for identifying with others, including reading fiction, enjoying sports, making moral arguments, estimating one's future self, and imagining how one appears to others. Using many literary examples, Cohen argues that we can engage with fictional characters just as intensely as we do with real people, and he looks at some of the ways literature itself takes up the question of interpersonal identification and understanding. An original meditation on the necessity of imagination to moral and aesthetic life, Thinking of Others is an important contribution to philosophy and literary theory.
Thinking the Twenty‐First Century: Ideas for the New Political Economy
by Malcolm McIntoshIn a sophisticated and far-reaching blend of theory and reflection, Thinking the Twenty-First Century takes a provocative look at the changes required to build a new global political economy. McIntosh charts five system changes essential to this transition: globality and Earth awareness; the rebalancing of science and awe; peacefulness and the feminization of decision-making; the re-organization of our institutions; and, evolution, adaptation and learning. That they are all connected should be obvious, but that they are written about together is less common.McIntosh argues that these five changes are already under way and need to be accelerated. Combining science, philosophy, politics and economics, Thinking the Twenty-First Century questions our current model of capitalism and calls for a much-needed new order. This forceful call to action advocates a balanced political economy with trandisciplinarity, connectivity, accountability and transparency at its centre, as an alternative to a world built on the failing system of neoliberal economics.From one of the pioneers of the global corporate sustainability and social responsibility movement, this unique book combines analysis, diary and reflection to present a radical way forward for the twenty-first century.
Thinking with Animals: New Perspectives on Anthropomorphism
by Gregg Mitman Lorraine DastonIs anthropomorphism a scientific sin? Scientists and animal researchers routinely warn against "animal stories," and contrast rigorous explanations and observation to facile and even fanciful projections about animals. Yet many of us, scientists and researchers included, continue to see animals as humans and humans as animals. As this innovative new collection demonstrates, humans use animals to transcend the confines of self and species; they also enlist them to symbolize, dramatize, and illuminate aspects of humans' experience and fantasy. Humans merge with animals in stories, films, philosophical speculations, and scientific treatises. In their performance with humans on many stages and in different ways, animals move us to think. From Victorian vivisectionists to elephant conservation, from ancient Indian mythology to pet ownership in the contemporary United States, our understanding of both animals and what it means to be human has been shaped by anthropomorphic thinking. The contributors to Thinking with Animals explore the how and why of anthropomorphism, drawing attention to its rich and varied uses. Prominent scholars in the fields of anthropology, ethology, history, and philosophy, as well as filmmakers and photographers, take a closer look at how deeply and broadly ways of imagining animals have transformed humans and animals alike. Essays in the book investigate the changing patterns of anthropomorphism across different time periods and settings, as well as their transformative effects, both figuratively and literally, upon animals, humans, and their interactions. Examining how anthropomorphic thinking "works" in a range of different contexts, contributors reveal the ways in which anthropomorphism turns out to be remarkably useful: it can promote good health and spirits, enlist support in political causes, sell products across boundaries of culture of and nationality, crystallize and strengthen social values, and hold up a philosophical mirror to the human predicament.
Thinking with Women Philosophers: Critical Essays in Practical Contemporary Philosophy (Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning #30)
by Eléonore Le Jallé Audrey BenoitThis book focuses on some English-speaking women philosophers who have been major actors since the 20th century in the field of practical philosophy, namely political and social philosophy, feminist approaches to philosophy, moral psychology, the theory of action and ethics. The book explores topics linked to the main aspects of the thought of those philosophers, i.e. Elizabeth Anscombe, Judith Butler, Philippa Foot, Nancy Fraser, Carol Gilligan and Martha Nussbaum. Six women French commentators have written a chapter on each of those women anglo-american philosophers, creating a dialogue as they think with them, elaborating their own positions in their respective fields.
Thinner
by Stephen King Richard Bachman'Thinner' - the old gypsy man barely whispers the word. Billy feels the touch of a withered hand on his cheek. 'Thinner' - the word, the old man's curse, has lodged in Billy's mind like a fattening worm, eating at his flesh, at his reason. And with his despair, comes violence
Thinner
by Stephen King Richard Bachman'Thinner' - the old gypsy man barely whispers the word. Billy feels the touch of a withered hand on his cheek.Billy Halleck, prosperous if overweight citizen, happily married, shuddered then turned angrily away. The old woman's death had been none of his fault. The courts had cleared him. She'd just stumbled in front of his car. Now he simply wanted to forget the whole messy business.Later, when the scales told him he was losing weight, it was what the doctor ordered. His wife was pleased - as she should have been. But . . .'Thinner' - the word, the old man's curse, has lodged in Billy's mind like a fattening worm, eating at his flesh, at his reason. And with his despair, comes violence.(P) 2011 Penguin Audio USA
Third Parties in Criminal Proceedings: A Comparative Law Study (Legal Studies in International, European and Comparative Criminal Law #10)
by Stefano Ruggeri Antonella Falcone Viviana Di NuzzoThis book deals with the role and the protection of third parties in criminal proceedings. Starting from a comparative-law definition of formal parties in criminal proceedings based on seven domestic jurisdictions, this research focuses on the increasing impact of criminal investigations and criminal trials on different categories of third parties, i.e. those individuals who, without being suspected or accused of a criminal offence, are involved in criminal investigations and trials. The complex features of this topic require a further analysis from another comparative perspective that looks at the protection of victims and third parties at the levels of international and supranational law. Particular attention is firstly be devoted to the acknowledgment of a set of procedural safeguards to victims and individuals other than formal participants in criminal proceedings by means of the enormous contribution made by international human rights courts, with a specific focus on the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Regarding victims in particular, their multifaceted status are also examined from the viewpoint of international criminal justice as well. The European scenario, moreover, allows for further deepening of the role and the procedural guarantees granted to third parties and victims from the viewpoint of EU law in relation to the area of freedom, security and justice, in which additional human rights challenges emerge in the field of transnational criminal justice. Comparison shall at all levels be carried out in the light of the enormous transformations due to the digital transition, which has brought about unbelievable changes in every area of mankind's life, including criminal justice. Ever newer tools, indeed, govern procedural activities, and although unprecedented investigative measures allow for increasingly accurate fact-finding, new risks also arise, including those vis-à-vis third parties whose procedural rights risk to be inevitably infringed.
Third Party Funding for Dispute Resolution: A Comparative Study of England, Hong Kong, Singapore, the Netherlands, and Mainland China
by Beibei ZhangThis book represents a comparative study of Third Party Funding (TPF) and its regulation in England, Hong Kong, Singapore, the Netherlands and the Mainland of China. It provides a general review of the background in which TPF grows and the platform where third party funders are allowed to operate. In each and every chosen jurisdiction, the book analyses the legal risks related to TPF, the regulatory measures and the questions surrounding the challenges that lay ahead. This book is featured by the empirical study of the Chinese TPF market. As of the time of this writing, TPF activities operating in China have not been expanded upon in English or Chinese literature. The language barrier may be one reason. The lack of empirical materials may also contribute to this situation. In order to obtain some first-hand evidence of the TPF market in China, the author conducted empirical research in Shenzhen, with the assistance of Chinese third party funders and some local organizations and authorities. The empirical study took the form of questionnaire surveys. The first survey saw in total 175 responses, and the second saw 18 responses. Due to the fact that many funding arrangements for commercial disputes are kept in the dark, it is hard, if not impossible, to measure the size of the Chinese TPF market. This study provides a dataset that serves a humble purpose; namely to offer an insight into the Chinese TPF market, rather than to grasp the full picture of the industry.
Third Party Funding: Law, Economics and Policy
by Gian Marco SolasIn Third Party Funding, Gian Marco Solas, for the first time, describes third party funding (TPF) as stand-alone practice within the wider litigation and legal markets. The book reports on legal issues related to TPF in both common law and civil law jurisdictions, and in the international context. It then discusses the incentives and economics of TPF transactions in different legal contexts while explaining how the practice emerged and how it is likely to develop. In addition, the book offers practical insights into TPF transactions and analyzes a number of regulatory proposals that could affect its use and desirability. This work should be read by scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and anyone else interested in how TPF is changing the practice of law.
Third Party Protection in Shipping (Contemporary Commercial Law)
by Carlo CorcioneThis book examines third party protection in shipping. Today, shipping is not just a part of the supply chain; it is indistinguishable from it. Once at the periphery, third party protection is now a central element of carriage. This matter is addressed by means of analysis of the current legal framework in relation to third parties and an evaluation of how, within this framework, the law applicable to a third party may be uncovered. Third party protection is analysed under the following: the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules; the Hamburg Rules; the Rotterdam Rules; English law and United States law; and civil law. With its breadth of coverage and high-quality analysis, this book is vital reading for both professional and academic readers with an interest in shipping and international trade.
Third Sector Organisations, Asylum Seekers and Refugees: Support During Covid-19 and Post-Pandemic
by Matthew DavisThis short Pivot explores the the physical, emotional, and psychological impact of the lived experiences of asylum seekers on the staff and volunteers of third sector organisations who assist and support them. This research casts a direct light on the issues, challenges, and barriers of their work during and after the pandemic. It seeks to pinpoint the needs of staff which should be addressed by employers of third sector organisations to improve efficiency and wellbeing from an operational viewpoint, a mental health lens and psychological perspective. It adopts a Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT) — a qualitative research method that involves co-constructing theories with participants. The research effectively examines how frontline organisations need to change given the social, economic and political challenges faced by asylum seekers and refugees in accessing support alongside the impact of new Government immigration, asylum policies and new legislation at that time. It also provides insights into the lived experiences of asylum seekers and refugees.
Third-Party Funding in Investment Arbitration: A New Player in the System (Law for Professionals)
by Can EkenThis book offers a reference guide that can be consulted by all users of Third-Party Funding (TPF), lawyers, students, and other interested readers. In addition to analyzing TPF issues holistically, with both doctrinal and empirical methods, the book provides important empirical data on funders through interviews conducted with nearly thirty people working for third-party funders. It reveals a range of potential problems and lays out how to address them in the form of guidelines. TPF has become a significant element of litigation and arbitration systems around the world for both theoretical and practical reasons. Specifically, in the context of investment arbitration, the latest studies suggest that a large percentage of investment arbitration cases are sponsored by funders. Despite its prevalence, TPF has raised procedural and ethical concerns in the investment regime. One of the caveats is that when states lose against an investor, their taxpayers are who pay for the investment arbitration award, essentially transferring the wealth of the states to the investor, and now part of this wealth goes to the funder. Whether or not the funder shares this wealth is anyone’s guess and represents an ethical consideration. Apart from ethical challenges, TPF has also raised significant procedural problems in investment arbitration. As funders enter the equation of arbitration proceedings in the investment regime, consideration must be given to this new player and how TPF affects investment arbitration. Overall, the book assesses TPF in its entirety: background information, the main procedural issues and case law, ethical aspects, and empirical research on TPF, including the funder’s perspective. By doing so, it sheds new light on under-researched issues and offers essential guidance to help orient legal policy.