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Trade Unions and Regions: Better Work, Experimentation, and Regional Governance (Routledge Studies in Employment and Work Relations in Context)
by Christian LévesqueTrade Unions and Regions: Better Work, Experimentation, and Regional Governance is about the place of workers and their unions in the modern world. It addresses current challenges for unions working in regions and the experiments that may take place at this level of governance. The book addresses pressing questions concerned with the conditions for better work and a humane society. The focus is on the capacities of unions to address questions relating to regional governance, in both supranational and sub-national regions. It examines workers and their unions in a variety of contexts: multinationals, industries, workplaces, and communities. The authors address the experiments that can be initiated by unions, governments, or employers and the ways in which collective organisations engage to address these matters in regional contexts. The analysis takes as a starting point the fracturing and divisions evident in various regions, in Australia, Canada, Mexico, Spain, the United Kingdom, and USA. The contributors propose novel analyses with lessons for unions. It should be of interest to union activists and leaders, political parties, governments, and those who make decisions in and about regions. Researchers and students of labour markets, political mobilisation, and employment relations will take the analyses further.
Trade and American Leadership: The Paradoxes of Power and Wealth from Alexander Hamilton to Donald Trump
by Craig VanGrasstekFrom the days of Alexander Hamilton to the trade wars of Donald Trump, trade policy has been a key instrument of American power and wealth. The open trading system that the United States sponsored after the Second World War serves US interests by promoting cooperation and prosperity, but also allows the allies to become more independent and China to rise. The case studies in Trade and American Leadership examine how the value of preferential trade programs is undercut by the multilateral liberalization that the United States promoted for generations, and how trade sanctions tend either to be too economically costly to impose or too modest to matter. These problems are exacerbated by a domestic political system in which the gains from trade are unevenly distributed, power is fragmented, and strategies are easily undermined. Trade and American Leadership places special emphasis on today's challenges, and the rising danger of economic nationalism.
Trade and Poverty Reduction in the Asia-Pacific Region
by Lee Ann Jackson Jim Redden Andrew L. StolerThis book explores the complex relationship between international trade and poverty reduction through a combination of research papers and contemporary case studies. Written mainly by developing-country authors in consultation with local businesses and communities, the case studies contribute to our understanding of the ways in which low-income communities are dealing with trade as a practical challenge, especially in the Asia-Pacific region where approximately two-thirds of the world's poor live. While making it clear that there is no 'one size fits all' formula, the research and stories highlight a number of necessary preconditions, such as political commitment and cooperation at all levels, if trade is to successfully reduce poverty. Openness to trade, serious commitment to domestic reform, trade-related capacity building, a robust and responsible private sector and access to the markets of developed countries are all identified as powerful tools for building trade-related sustainable development.
Trade and Public Health: The WTO, Tobacco, Alcohol, and Diet
by Benn McgradyNon-communicable diseases, associated with risk factors such as tobacco consumption, poor diet and alcohol use, represent a growing health burden around the world. The seriousness of non-communicable diseases is reflected in the adoption of international instruments such as the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control; the WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health; and the WHO Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol. In line with these instruments, states are beginning to use measures such as taxes, restrictions on marketing, product regulation and labeling measures for public health purposes. This book examines the extent to which the law of the World Trade Organization restricts domestic implementation of these types of measures. The relationship between international health instruments and the WTO Agreement is examined, as are the WTO covered agreements themselves.
Trade in Health Services in South Asia: An Examination of the Need for Regional Cooperation
by Arindam BanikThis book observes that an in-depth study exclusively focusing on health service trade not only strengthens the overall services trade capacity of the South Asian region, but also promotes global as well as regional trade. There is a dearth of analytical research on estimating barriers to trade in health services, particularly in the context of South Asia, and as such, this book assesses the potential benefits and economic costs of barriers to trade in health services in select South Asian economies. It also analyzes the impact of liberalization and regulatory reforms on economic welfare. It broadly addresses issues relating to trade in health services, the GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services), such as: Why are the current levels of trade in health services low? How will the GATS legally affect a country’s health policy? What effect might liberalization have on national health systems? And what are the likely benefits of greater trade in health services? It also provides specific answers to the following questions: Does the substantial role of the government in health – as health service provider, financial supporter, regulator and promoter – have implications for the treatment of the sector under the GATS? What is the impact of liberalization of international trade in health services on the quality and availability of health services in developing SAARC countries? Given the importance of consumption abroad for trade in health services, and the gradual opening of health markets through Modes 1 and 3 (cross-border supply and commercial presence), how can problems associated with trade in these Modes be prevented? And are these problems sufficiently addressed by GATS disciplines? Answers to these questions will be of great use to researchers, policy makers as well as practitioners and NGOs of South Asia.
Trade in Knowledge: Intellectual Property, Trade and Development in a Transformed Global Economy
by Jayashree Watal Antony TaubmanTechnological change has transformed the ways knowledge is developed and shared internationally. Accordingly, in the quarter-century since the WTO was established, and since its Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights came into force, both the knowledge dimension of trade and the functioning of the IP system have been radically transformed. The need to understand and respond to this change has placed knowledge at the centre of policy debates about economic and social development. Recognizing the need for modern analytical tools to support policymakers and analysts, this publication draws together contributions from a diverse range of scholars and analysts. Together, they offer a fresh understanding of what it means to trade in knowledge in today's technological and commercial environment. The publication offers insights into the prospects for knowledge-based development and ideas for updated systems of governance that promote the creation and sharing of the benefits of knowledge.
Trade, Food Security, and Human Rights: The Rules for International Trade in Agricultural Products and the Evolving World Food Crisis
by Ying ChenMost scholars attribute systemic causes of food insecurity to poverty, human overpopulation, lack of farmland, and expansion of biofuel programs. However, as Chen argues here, another significant factor has been overlooked. The current food insecurity is not absolute food shortage, since global food production still exceeds the need of the entire world population, but a problem of how to secure access to resources. Distorted agricultural trade undermines world food distribution, and uneven distribution impedes people’s access to food, particularly in poor developing countries. Examining EU and US agricultural policies and World Trade Organization negotiations in agriculture, the author argues how they affect the international agricultural trade, claiming that current food insecurity is the result of inequitable food distribution and trade practices. The international trade regime is advised to reconcile trade rules with the consideration of food security issues. Several other enforceable solutions to reduce world hunger and malnutrition are also advanced, including national capacity building, the improvement of governance, and strategic development of biofuel programs. This book will be of great interest to agricultural trade professionals and consultant policy makers in the EU, US and developing countries. Students and researchers with a concentration on international trade, agriculture economics, global governance and international law will benefit greatly from this study.
Trade, Globalization and Sustainability Impact Assessment: A Critical Look at Methods and Outcomes
by Paul Ekins Tancrede VoituriezTrade liberalization, as promoted by the World Trade Organization (WTO), has become one of the dominant drivers and most controversial aspects of globalization. Trade sustainability impact assessments (SIAs) were introduced as a means of generating better understanding especially of the social and environmental impacts of trade liberalisation, and of making those impacts more consistent with sustainable development. This book takes a hard look at the experience of Trade SIAs to date, and the extent to which they have achieved their objectives and improved the outcomes of trade negotiations. It proposes several ways in which Trade SIAs could be made more effective, and illustrates these in respect of controversial sectors in which trade liberalisation has been implemented or proposed, including commodities, services and investment. Finally the book makes proposals beyond SIA through which some of the conflicts between trade liberalization and sustainable development could be more effectively addressed. Written by top researchers and experts on trade SIAs, this book is vital for researchers, academics, post-graduate students and policy makers working on any aspect of impact assessment, international trade or globalisation more generally. In addition, the book will provide a particularly useful background for those considering how the environment and trade interrelate at both global and regional levels, with some particular insights on climate change and trade policies.
Trade, Health and the Environment: The European Union Put to the Test (Routledge Explorations in Environmental Studies)
by Ellen Vos Michelle Everson Marjolein van AsseltThe trade conflicts that the EU has faced within the EU or WTO context demonstrate that the question of how to balance trade and other societal values in situations of uncertainty has not been solved by the regulatory model evolved by the EU in the aftermath of the BSE crisis – one which privileges processes of depoliticisation and scientification. This book addresses the current key dilemmas around science, law and the regulation of trade, both on a regime level and in the context of particular industrial sectors, e.g pharmaceuticals, climate change and nanotechnology. It will present possible future research avenues by looking at both theory and practice and learning from various disciplines (law and social sciences), legal realities (WTO, USA and EU) and actors (regulators, stakeholders, courts).
Trade, Migration and Law: Free Movement of Persons in the Southern African Development Community (Routledge Research in International Economic Law)
by Victor T. AmadiThis book explores how law and policy makers within the Southern African Development Community regional structure might reform the legal and regulatory frameworks to best capitalise the benefits of the movement of people, drawing lessons from other experienced jurisdictions by critically engaging with the regulatory efforts and approaches in regions such as the European Union, the Economic Community of West African States, and the East African Community to propose a revised approach to migration governance and practice in the SADC. Deeper regional integration allows citizens to move freely across national boundaries, and services are a rising component of global trade and investment. However, global trade in services is stifled by barriers at and behind the border. These barriers make it difficult for service providers from developing regions to access key markets in their preferred modes of service trade. Against this background, this book aims to take the discussion on furthering regional integration and trade through the movement of people by tackling issues on stringent immigration policies, arguing that having a vibrant and rewarding trade in services will require an approach towards the unrestricted movement of persons.
Trade, the WTO and Energy Security
by Sajal MathurThe linkages between WTO rules governing trade and energy security with a certain degree of focus on India are the main subject of this book. The edited volume brings together the views of academics, policymakers and experts with extensive experience covering WTO and international trade issues. The issues examined include mapping the linkages between trade and energy security in the WTO agreements, case law, accession and Doha negotiations; assessing the issues that could be raised by energy deficit or energy surplus countries at the WTO; analyzing the provisions of the ECT and NAFTA vis-à-vis the Indian policy framework and examining the trade regimes of selected OPEC members and other major suppliers of fossil fuels to India. While the Indian perspective is evident in the contributions, this book will also be of interest to an international audience, as trade, the WTO and energy security are global concerns and of relevance to all practitioners and academics working on these issues.
Trade-Based Money Laundering
by Chip Poncy John A. CassaraUncover the financial fraud that funds terrorist organizations Trade-Based Money Laundering is an authoritative examination of this burgeoning phenomenon, now coming under scrutiny in the War on Terror. This book walks you through the signs and patterns of trade-based money laundering (TBML) to help you recognize it when it occurs, and shows you how data and analytics can be used to detect it. You'll learn the common value transfer techniques including invoice fraud, over-and-under invoicing, and misrepresentation, and learn why analytic detection systems have yet to be implemented despite the existence of copious data. Case studies from around the world highlight the real-life implications of the concepts and processes presented in the text, giving you a first-hand view of the mechanisms at work inside this expanding illegal market. Trade-based money laundering uses trade to convert large quantities of illicit cash into less conspicuous assets or commodities to evade financial transparency laws and regulations. As an ideal funding mechanism for terrorist groups, the practice is getting more attention even as it increases in scale and spread. This book takes you deep inside TBML to better arm you against its occurrence. Learn the typical value transfer techniques of TBML Examine case studies detailing international examples Discover why institutions have failed to implement detection systems Explore ways in which analytics can identify TBML According to the U.S. State Department, TBML has reached staggering proportions in recent years, and is considered by many to be the next frontier of international money laundering enforcement. Trade-Based Money Laundering gives you a battle plan, with expert insight and real-world guidance.
Trade-Offs: An Introduction to Economic Reasoning and Social Issues
by Harold WinterWhen economists wrestle with issues such as unemployment, inflation, or budget deficits, they do so by incorporating an impersonal, detached mode of reasoning. But economists also analyze issues that, to others, typically do not fall within the realm of economic reasoning, such as organ transplants, cigarette addiction, overeating, and product safety. "Trade-Offs "is an introduction to the economic approach to analyzing these controversial public policy issues. Harold Winter provides readers with the analytical tools needed to identify and understand the trade-offs associated with these topics. By considering both the costs and benefits of potential policy solutions, Winter stresses that real-world decision making is best served by an explicit recognition of as many trade-offs as possible. This new edition incorporates recent developments in policy debates, including the rise of "new paternalism," or policies designed to protect people from themselves; alternative ways to increase the supply of organs available for transplant; and economic approaches to controlling infectious disease. Intellectually stimulating yet accessible and entertaining, "Trade-Offs" will be appreciated by students of economics, public policy, health administration, political science, and law, as well as by anyone who follows current social policy debates.
Tradecraft Primer: A Framework for Aspiring Interrogators
by Paul Charles TopalianTradecraft Primer: A Framework for Aspiring Interrogators is a timely and relevant reference manual for a new generation of professionals as we enter a new era in our nation‘s interrogation programs. A must-read for anyone thinking of entering the interrogation profession, whether in law enforcement, the military, or intelligence, it provides fresh
Trademark Dilution: The Protection of Reputed Trademarks Beyond Likelihood of Confusion
by Amir FriedmanThe world has changed materially since the foundation of traditional trademark laws, according to which the purpose of a trademark was to serve as a differentiating source indicator, preventing source confusion in the marketplace. Traditionally, trademarks protected the public from likelihood of confusion, assisted in consumer decisions and reduced search costs. The need to award a special scope of protection to famous trademarks from use on non-competing goods was first discussed in Kodak in 1898, holding that the use of the word Kodak for a bicycle company does not mislead consumers but takes unfair advantage of reputation. However, the most significant point in the evolution of dilution, in its early stages, was the case of Odol decided in 1924, which was the first to acknowledge the need to protect the advertising power of trademarks from being diluted, even in the absence of a likelihood of confusion. This book will provide that dilution is a ‘sui generis’ brand remedy applicable to reputed trademarks in accordance to their aggregated inherent and acquired strength. The book will address the non-harmonised nature of dilution, which reflects a problem in an age of borderless trade and cyber commerce and emphasises the need to answer the question: To what extent should reputed trademarks be protected by dilution beyond the traditional trademark protection from likelihood of confusion? The book includes a proposal for an operative legal framework based on conclusions and distinctions derived from the comparison of dilution, as adopted and interpreted in different areas of the world, comparative case studies and comparison with neighbouring legal rights, such as Tort Law, Unfair Competition, Moral Rights, Equitable Rights, Publicity Rights and Unlawful Enrichment.
Trademark Valuation
by Gordon V. Smith Susan M. RicheyA practical and useful resource for valuing trademarks The Second Edition of Trademark Valuation is a fresh presentation of basic valuation principles, together with important recent changes in worldwide financial reporting regulations and an update on the current worldwide legal conditions and litigation situation as they relate to trademarks. A new section discussing issues surrounding valuation of counterfeits and the economic effects of trademark counterfeiting is included in this informative Second Edition. Considers methods to determine the real value of your trademark and exploit its full potential Offers dozens of case studies that illustrate how to apply valuation methods and strategies to real-world situations Communicates complex legal and financial concepts, terms, principles, and practices in plain English Discusses GATT, NAFTA, emerging markets, and other international trademark considerations
Trademark: Legal Care for Your Business & Product Name
by Stephen FishmanWith the advent of the Internet, even small businesses now operate at a national level. While that's great for commerce, it can also open up a hornet's nest of trademark issues. Business owners and startups need to be careful not to infringe on other trademarks when selecting the name of their businesses, products, and services. And, they must be vigilant about protecting their trademarks from infringing use by others. Fortunately, there's help. Trademark provides a step-by-step guide on how to: choose a distinctive name that competitors can't copy search for existing marks that might conflict with yours register a trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office protect and maintain your trademark, and resolve trademark disputes swiftly and outside the courtroom. This edition of Trademark provides the most current information on trademark statutes and case law, and the latest registration processes, including online registration. Plus, you'll get a fully up-to-date glossary of trademark terms and FAQs on the most common trademark questions.
Trademark: Legal Care for Your Business & Product Name
by Stephen FishmanProtect your business name and logo! Your business name, the names of your key products, and your logos, packaging, and slogans—all of these can function as trademarks that distinguish your business and its services and products. So it’s important to choose your marks carefully and protect them vigilantly. Here, you’ll find the most up-to-date information on how to select and protect a great trademark. Learn how to: choose trademarks that distinguish you from competitors search for marks that might conflict with your own register your mark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office protect your marks from unauthorized use by others resolve trademark disputes outside the courtroom, and create an Internet presence and secure a domain name. Includes step-by-step instructions on how to register and maintain your trademark with the federal government. Thoroughly updated, the 12th edition includes the latest laws and court cases, including the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision to allow registration of a “disparaging” phrase.
Trademark: Legal Care for Your Business & Product Name, 10th Edition
by Richard Stim Stephen EliasProtect your trademark, protect your business. Trademarks the names and symbols that identify your business, brand, and products in the marketplace are important assets that you need to choose carefully and vigilantly defend. Using the information in this all in one reference, you'll learn how to protect: - business names - product names - product packaging - logos - slogans - domain names - anything that identifies your company, product, or service Trademark provides you with the plain English explanations and step by step instructions you need to navigate the requirements of the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) and successfully register your unique mark. Learn how to: - choose marks that competitors can't copy - search for existing marks that might conflict with yours - register a name or other mark with the USPTO - protect and maintain your marks' legal strength - keep your mark safe from infringement - understand and resolve trademark disputes outside the courtroom This edition of Trademark provides the most current information on trademark statutes and case law, and the latest registration processes, including online registration. Plus, you'll get a fully up to date glossary of trademark terms and FAQs from Dear Rich, co author Richard Stim's popular intellectual property blog.
Trademark: Legal Care for Your Business & Product Name, 9th Edition
by Stephen EliasProtect the marks that mean everything to your business. Trademarks -- the names and symbols that identify your business, brand and products in the marketplace -- are important assets that you need to choose carefully, then vigilantly defend. You can protect: business names product names product packaging logos slogansv domain names anything that identifies your company, product or service! With Trademark , you get the most up-to-date information you need to defend your creations. Learn how to: choose marks that competitors can't copy search for other marks that might conflict with yours register a name or other mark protect and maintain your marks' legal strength understand and resolve disputes outside the courtroom Thoroughly updated, the 9th edition of Trademark provides the most current information on domain names, changes to trademark statutes and case law, and the latest registration processes.
Trademark: Legal Care for Your Business and Product Name (6th edition)
by Stephen EliasWith the advent of the Internet, small business owners and innovators of every stripe need to be ever-watchful when choosing and protecting their names, logos, packaging and slogans. Fortunately, there's help.
Trademarks and Unfair Competition: Law and Policy
by Graeme B. Dinwoodie Mark D. JanisThe new edition of this leading casebook on trademark and unfair competition by Graeme B. Dinwoodie and Mark D. Janis continues to present the subject in a clear, accessible, and up-to-date fashion. The many strands of trademark and unfair competition doctrine are organized into a coherent conceptual framework consisting of a brief examination of foundational concepts, followed by thorough treatments of the law on (1) the creation of trademark rights; and (2) the scope and enforcement of trademark rights and some related causes of action. The traditional case-and-note format is enhanced by problems that help students understand intricate key topics.
Trading Barriers: Immigration and the Remaking of Globalization
by Margaret E. PetersWhy have countries increasingly restricted immigration even when they have opened their markets to foreign competition through trade or allowed their firms to move jobs overseas? In Trading Barriers, Margaret Peters argues that the increased ability of firms to produce anywhere in the world combined with growing international competition due to lowered trade barriers has led to greater limits on immigration. Peters explains that businesses relying on low-skill labor have been the major proponents of greater openness to immigrants. Immigration helps lower costs, making these businesses more competitive at home and abroad. However, increased international competition, due to lower trade barriers and greater economic development in the developing world, has led many businesses in wealthy countries to close or move overseas. Productivity increases have allowed those firms that have chosen to remain behind to do more with fewer workers. Together, these changes in the international economy have sapped the crucial business support necessary for more open immigration policies at home, empowered anti-immigrant groups, and spurred greater controls on migration.Debunking the commonly held belief that domestic social concerns are the deciding factor in determining immigration policy, Trading Barriers demonstrates the important and influential role played by international trade and capital movements.
Trading Democracy for Justice: Criminal Convictions and the Decline of Neighborhood Political Participation
by Traci BurchThe United States imprisons far more people, total and per capita, and at a higher rate than any other country in the world. Among the more than 1. 5 million Americans currently incarcerated, minorities and the poor are disproportionately represented. What's more, they tend to come from just a few of the most disadvantaged neighborhoods in the country. While the political costs of this phenomenon remain poorly understood, it's become increasingly clear that the effects of this mass incarceration are much more pervasive than previously thought, extending beyond those imprisoned to the neighbors, family, and friends left behind. For Trading Democracy for Justice, Traci Burch has drawn on data from neighborhoods with imprisonment rates up to fourteen times the national average to chart demographic features that include information about imprisonment, probation, and parole, as well as voter turnout and volunteerism. She presents powerful evidence that living in a high-imprisonment neighborhood significantly decreases political participation. Similarly, people living in these neighborhoods are less likely to engage with their communities through volunteer work. What results is the demobilization of entire neighborhoods and the creation of vast inequalities--even among those not directly affected by the criminal justice system. The first book to demonstrate the ways in which the institutional effects of imprisonment undermine already disadvantaged communities, Trading Democracy for Justice speaks to issues at the heart of democracy.
Trading Fish, Saving Fish
by Margaret A. YoungNumerous international legal regimes now seek to address the global depletion of fish stocks, and increasingly their activities overlap. The relevant laws were developed at different times by different groups of states. They are motivated by divergent economic approaches, influenced by disparate non-state actors, and implemented by separate institutions such as the World Trade Organisation and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation. Margaret Young shows how these and other factors affect the interaction between regimes. Her empirical and doctrinal analysis moves beyond the discussion of conflicting norms that has dominated the fragmentation debate. Case-studies include the negotiation of new rules on fisheries subsidies, the restriction of trade in endangered marine species and the adjudication of fisheries import bans. She explores how regimes should interact, in fisheries governance and beyond, to offer insights into the practice and legitimacy of regime interaction in international law.