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Warum Ethik in der Wissenschaft wichtig ist: Ein Überblick für Wissenschaftler, Ethiker und Politiker (essentials)
by Heiko HerwaldUnser heutiges Leben ist wie in keiner anderen Epoche in der Geschichte der Menschheit durch technische und wissenschaftliche Erneuerungen geprägt. Beides hat zwar in einigen Teilen der Welt zu verbesserten Lebensbedingungen geführt, aber der Fortschritt hat auch einen hohen Preis. Denn die Menschheit steht vor sehr großen Herausforderungen, wie es beispielsweise die Corona-Krise zeigt. Diese und andere Probleme werden in Zukunft kaum zu bewältigen sein, wenn nicht bald ein drastisches Umdenken stattfindet. Um eine Veränderung zugunsten einer verbesserten Zukunft herbeizuführen, wird die Wissenschaft einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten müssen. Neue wissenschaftliche Konzepte und Maßnahmen können aber nur verwirklicht werden, wenn sie Zielsetzungen für das Allgemeinwohl verfolgen. Um diese durchzusetzen, muss die Wissenschaft sich an ethische Prinzipien halten, weil nur sie garantieren, dass Forschung im Interesse des Gemeinwohls betrieben werden kann.
Warum Hunde?: Die erstaunliche Geschichte des besten Freunds des Menschen – ein historischer, wissenschaftlicher, philosophischer und politischer Streifzug
by John HomansWas Hunde und Menschen füreinander sind In Warum Hunde? erkundet John Homans die besondere Rolle, die Hunde in unserer Welt spielen. Über Jahrtausende hinweg entwickelte sich der Hund zuerst vom Wildtier zum Arbeitstier und dann zu einem fast ebenbürtigen Mitglied des menschlichen Sozialgefüges. Heute sind Hunde aus unserem Alltag nicht mehr wegzudenken. Sie sind treue Begleiter und Helfer, ein bedeutender Wirtschaftsfaktor und beliebte Objekte wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen zu Themen wie Tierhaltung, Evolution und Kognition. Homans beschreibt nicht nur, warum Hunde auf Menschen so anziehend wirken und in welcher Weise sie sogar unserer Gesundheit zuträglich sind, sondern geht auch der Frage nach, warum sich die Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Hund im letzten Jahrhundert so rasant verändert hat. Wie schafften es Hunde innerhalb kürzester Zeit, unsere Familien, unsere Häuser und manchmal gar unsere Betten zu erobern und einen milliardenschweren Wirtschaftszweig entstehen zu lassen?[Ein] hinreißendes, informatives Buch, zugleich eine Darstellung der jüngsten Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema Hund und der Erinnerungen von Homans an die Jahre mit seiner Mischlingshündin Stella … bewegend und rundum gelungen. New York Times Book ReviewEine bemerkenswerte Chronik jener Reise, die den Haushund über Jahrtausende hinweg direkt in unsere Herzen führte, geschrieben mit viel Gefühl und zugleich wissenschaftlich fundiert … Eine wunderbare, fesselnde Lektüre. The Atlantic_____Der Hund als Teil der menschlichen KulturOhne Stella gäbe es dieses Buch nicht. Der Labradormischling aus dem Tierheim inspirierte John Homans dazu, sich in die komplexe Welt der Hunde mit all ihren Facetten zu vertiefen, von der Stammesgeschichte bis zur Tierrechtsbewegung, von Zuchterfolgen und Designerhunden bis hin zum steten Wandel der Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Hund.Homans hatte das Tierheim aus denselben Gründen aufgesucht wie viele andere Menschen auch – ihm waren Hunde aus seiner Kindheit vertraut, er suchte einen Gefährten für seinen kleinen Sohn und vielleicht auch einen Vorwand, um ausgedehnte Streifzüge durch sein Viertel zu unternehmen. Schnell fügt sich Stella in den Tagesablauf der Familie ein, und mehr noch: Sie wird, anders als die Hunde seiner Jugend, wie ein vollwertiges Familienmitglied behandelt. Tierarztrechnungen in astronomischer Höhe, Diskussionen über richtige Ernährung und ausreichende Bewegung sowie die Sorge, ob sie wohl glücklich ist – all dies wirft die Frage auf, warum sich das Leben von Hunden in unserer Gesellschaft so verändert hat, wo doch die Hofhunde aus Homans‘ Kindheit offenbar auch ganz zufrieden gewesen waren.Der tiefgreifende kulturelle Wandel in der Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Hund und seine Hintergründe sind das Thema dieses Buches. John Homans hat dafür Gespräche mit Wissenschaftlern, Tierschützern, Züchtern und Trainern geführt und aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse aus ganz unterschiedlichen Disziplinen zusammengetragen. Hunde sind für viele von uns nicht zuletzt deshalb so faszinierend, weil sie mit einer Pfote in der Tier- und mit einer in der Menschenwelt stehen. So können sie uns eine Menge über Liebe, Tod und Moral beibringen – und da sie uns nah und dennoch so anders sind, auch über das Menschsein.
Was Blind, But Now I See: White Race Concsiousness and the Law (Critical America #61)
by Barbara J. FlaggRace does not speak to most white people. Rather, whites tend to associate race with people of color and to equate whiteness with racelessness. As Barbara J. Flagg demonstrates in this important book, this "transparency" phenomenon—the invisibility of whiteness to white people—profoundly affects the ways in whites make decisions: they rely on criteria perceived by the decision maker as race-neutral but which in fact reflect white, race-specific norms. Flagg here identifies this transparently white decision making as a form of institutional racism that contributes significantly, though unobtrusively, to the maintenance of white supremacy. Bringing the discussion to bear on the arena of law, Flagg analyzes key areas of race discrimination law and makes the case for reforms that would bring legal doctrine into greater harmony with the recognition of institutional racism in general and the transparency phenomenon in particular. She concludes with an exploration of the meaning of whiteness in a pluralist culture, paving the way for a positive, nonracist conception of whiteness as a distinct racial identity. An informed and substantive call for doctrinal reform, Was Blind But Now I See is the most expansive treatment yet of the relationship between whiteness and law.
Was sollen wir glauben?: Zwischen Wahrheit, Täuschung und Propaganda (Aktivismus- und Propagandaforschung)
by Bernd Zywietz Kurt ErlemannPropaganda menschenfeindlicher Extremist*innen, grassierende Fake News, populistische Verschwörungsmythen oder ausländische Desinformationskampagnen: Die Wahrheit scheint in Gefahr, vor allem im Internet, und mit ihr die Demokratie und der öffentliche Zusammenhalt der Gesellschaft. Schließlich braucht es eine gemeinsame Faktenbasis, von der aus Konflikte gelöst, widerstreitende Interessen ausgehandelt und unterschiedliche Sichtweisen zusammengebracht werden. Dafür wird auf nachträgliche („Debunking") oder vorauseilende Aufklärung („Prebunking") gesetzt, auf die Förderung von Informationskompetenz oder das Nachprüfen bei verlässlichen Quellen angemahnt. Zwischen reinen Fakten und 'der Wahrheit' einerseits, Lüge und Täuschung andererseits gibt es jedoch viele Grauzonen. Das meint nicht nur die selten klare Trennbarkeit von Tatsachen und Meinungen: Die Beiträge des Bandes befassen sich u. a. mit dem komplizierten Verhältnis von Wahrheit und Propaganda, mit Formen und gemeinschaftsbildenden Funktionen von Unwahrheit in Sozialen Medien sowie mit textpragmatischen und rhetorischen Aspekten, die uns für Misinformationen oder Falschmeldungen anfällig machen. Doch auch dass und wie Wahrheit jenseits von Faktizität und Faktualität – so im journalistischen Erzählen oder in Gleichnissen – vermittelt wird und welche Ähnlichkeiten wie essenziellen Unterschiede sich darin gegenüber "alternativen Fakten", Desinformation und Verschwörungsmythen zeigen, ist Thema.
Was the 2004 Presidential Election Stolen?: Exit Polls, Election Fraud, and the Official Count
by John Conyers Steven F. Freeman Joel BleifussOn the afternoon of election day 2004, the world was abuzz with the news: exit polls indicated that John Kerry would decisively win the election and become the next president of the United States. That proved not to be the case. According to the official count--the number of votes tallied, not necessarily the number of votes cast--George W. Bush beat Kerry by a margin of three million votes. The exit polls, however, had predicted a margin of victory for Kerry of five million votes. Occurrences of vote manipulation, vote suppression, and outright election fraud were alleged at the local level in many precincts throughout Ohio and other "battleground" states. Where the controversy of the 2000 presidential election had come about as the result of an extremely close race, in 2004 the irregularities were widespread and appeared to follow a clear pattern. Why then did the Democrats concede the election early the next morning? Why has there been no investigation by any major news organization? What does it say about our democracy when the slot machine industry is more strictly regulated than our electronic voting machines?Was the 2004 Presidential Election Stolen? analyzes the available data, and attempts to answer the question of whether America's sitting president was inaugurated after winning, or losing the 2004 presidential race.
Washington Journal: Reporting Watergate and Richard Nixon's Downfall
by Elizabeth DrewAn updated edition of the landmark work of political journalism:“Unquestionably the best book yet on Watergate, and conceivably the best we will ever get.” —Greil Marcus, Rolling StoneWashington Journal opens in 1973 and follows the deterioration of Richard Nixon’s presidency in real time. With her unprecedented access to the top figures, Elizabeth Drew’s on-the-scene reporting is even more remarkable in hindsight, as Washington Journal captures the feeling of the period and reports conversations with the key decision-makers as they made up their minds about the most fateful vote they would cast. It also shows us the sense of fear among both close observers and the citizenry, as well as their nervous laughter at the era’s absurdities. Drew understands Richard Nixon as well as this most complex figure can be understood, and she shows how he brought himself down. This edition includes a new afterword revealing the fascinating—and frequently hilarious—story of Nixon’s efforts to regain respectability after he’d been forced from office, and also offers original insights into the meaning of Watergate andNixon. Rich with new information unavailable at the time, the afterword is a major addition to a unique and enduring work of reportage.“Tells the story not as a tidy tale with a clear beginning and inevitable end, but as an experience thick with confusion, rumors, alarm, and half-truths . . . Helpful for trying to understand what it is like to live through a period of great confusion and potentially great import.” —Ezra Klein“An amazing book that more than stands the test of time.” —Jon Meacham, Pulitzer Prize winner and #1 New York Times-bestselling author of And There Was Light“To understand how the melodrama played out in real time in the capital, there may be no better guide than Washington Journal.” —Frank Rich, New York Magazine
Washington Lawyer
by Allan TopolIn the high-stakes world of Washington politics, hotshot lawyer Andrew Martin is being put to the test. When long-time friend Senator William Jasper calls, it's with explosive newsâand a favor to ask. A sex tryst at Martin's beach house in Anguilla has gone awry and former model Vanessa Boyd is dead. Just how far will Martin go to protect the chief justice nomination he's built his entire career on? Staggered by the sudden death of her twin sister, archeologist Allison Boyd drops everything to fly home to her grieving family. But when she realizes that the pieces to the puzzle simply won't add up, she is determined to discover the truth behind her sister's death. Launching an investigation that will unveil a treasonous plot backed by foreign interests and enabled by blackmail, Allison finds herself up against something bigger and more lethal than she could have ever imagined. With Martin's star associate Paul Maltoni at her side, she uncovers a complex, interconnected web of lies that will expose some of Washington's most influential power players. And she will not rest until she sees them ruined. From the best-selling author of the Craig Page series, The Washington Lawyer is a penetrating glimpse into Capitol Hill's seedy underbelly. High-powered DC lawyer Allan Topol impresses again with this escapade into the intricate underpinnings of Washington's elite, drawing you into a net of questionable morals, deadly intrigues, and treachery from which there is no escape.
Washington's Government: Charting the Origins of the Federal Administration (Early American Histories)
by Peter J. Kastor Max EdlingWashington’s Government shows how George Washington’s administration—the subject of remarkably little previous study—was both more dynamic and more uncertain than previously thought. Rather than simply following a blueprint laid out by the Constitution, Washington and his advisors constructed over time a series of possible mechanisms for doing the nation’s business. The results were successful in some cases, disastrous in others. Yet at the end of Washington’s second term, there was no denying that the federal government had achieved remarkable results. As Americans debate the nature of good national governance two and a half centuries after the founding, this volume’s insights appear timelier than ever.ContributorsLindsay M. Chervinsky, Iona College * Gautham Rao, American University * Kate Elizabeth Brown, Huntington University * Stephen J. Rockwell, St. Joseph’s College * Andrew J. B. Fagal, Princeton University, * Daniel Hulsebosch, New York University * Rosemarie Zagarri, George Mason University
Wasserwirtschaft in der gewerblichen Schifffahrt
by Uwe JacobshagenIn der Schifffahrt spielt Wasser allenthalben eine wichtige Rolle, in der gewerblichen Schifffahrt wird Wasser auch als Brauchwasser, als Grau- und Schwarzwasser sowie zur Nutzung durch den Menschen als Trinkwasser benötigt. Diese Wasserarten, als Grundlage der Wasserwirtschaft auf gewerblich genutzten Schiffen, werden im Buch eingehend definiert. Die Eigentumsarten bzw. Eigentumsverhältnisse, als Voraussetzung für die Nutzung des Wassers, sind beschrieben und die rechtliche Befugnis, das Wasser für die Zwecke an Bord zu verwenden oder ein Gewässer durch einen Gebrauch an Bord zu verändern ist erläutert. Es hilft Schifffahrtstreibenden, Eignern sowie Verantwortlichen im öffentlichen Dienst und Juristen die sich mit der Thematik befassen, die Zusammenhänge sowie den regulatorischen Rahmen zu verstehen bzw. zu vertiefen.
Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial, Second Edition
by John PichtelWaste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial, Second Edition addresses the three main categories of wastes (hazardous, municipal, and "special" wastes) covered under federal regulation outlined in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), an established framework for managing the generation, transportation, treat
Waste to Wealth: The Circular Economy Advantage
by Peter Lacy Jakob RutqvistWaste to Wealth proves that 'green' and 'growth' need not be binary alternatives. The book examines five new business models that provide circular growth from deploying sustainable resources to the sharing economy before setting out what business leaders need to do to implement the models successfully.
Wasters
by Nick Webb Shane RossDuring the years when all seemed well with the Irish economy, a scandal bloomed in front of our faces but went mostly unnoticed: the scandal of public waste. Vast overspending on infrastructure (including a number of white elephants), extravagant use of overpriced consultants, the creation of dozens of quangos whose primary purpose seemed to be jobs for the boys, the culture of junketry that took hold in the semi-state sector and the Oireachtas - these and other dubious practices flourished during the years when the state's coffers were overflowing. The insiders benefited; the rest of us got ripped off. Now, as the state scrambles to bail out the banks and to bring order to the shattered public finances by taking money out of the pockets of ordinary working people, Shane Ross and Nick Webb tell the story of the wasters: the people who perfected and benefited from the culture of cronyism and waste. Thanks in large part to Ross and Webb's journalism in the Sunday Independent exposing scandals in FAS and CIE, we already know part of this story. In Wasters, the authors show how wide and how deep the rot runs, and they show that every scandal has one thing in common: insiders profiting at the expense of ordinary people.
Wastewater Analysis for Substance Abuse Monitoring and Policy Development
by Wayne Hall Jeremy Prichard Paul Kirkbride Jake O'BrienThis book addresses how to estimate substance use and thereby evaluate policies intended to reduce the harms caused by drugs and other substances. Wastewater analysis (WWA) can provide efficient, affordable, fine-grained and objective data on population substance use trends on a very large scale. The authors discuss the potential implications of WWA as a new method for understanding substance use in a variety of settings and ignite a discourse with policy makers, criminologists, epidemiologists and other disciplines about the need for collaboration with WWA scientists. The book also features an explanation of the costs and harms of substance use with academic literature from criminological and epidemiological sources and reports from lead agencies. Additional features include: Details on the origin of wastewater analysis in environmental science Description of analytical chemistry methods for tracing a wide variety of substances, including illicit drugs, alcohol, tobacco and other chemicals Exploration of the major empirical problems in estimating population consumption of alcohol, tobacco and drugs at the international and national level Examination of the principles of human research ethics and their application to wastewater analysis Wastewater Analysis for Substance Abuse Monitoring and Policy Development is a valuable tool for analytical chemists, wastewater scientists and criminologists, as well as researchers and policy makers across disciplines who work in drug sectors.
Wastewater Management Through Aquaculture
by B. B. Jana R. N. Mandal P. JayasankarThis volume provides state-of-the-art information on soil-water interactions in wastewater systems, characterization of wastewater, modes of treatment, safety of wastewater use, water conservation technologies involved in recycling of sewage in fish culture, biogeochemical cycling bacteria and nutrient dynamics, ecosystem resilient driven wastewater reclamation, bioremediation, aquaponics, ecological integrity, culture practices of fish farming, microbial food web phenomena, fish diseases, environmental economics of wastewater, environmental risk assessment, environmental law and regulations. Given its breadth of coverage, the book will be useful to researchers, teachers, students, administrators, planners, farmers and entrepreneurs interested in the profitable use of wastewater in the wastes-into-wealth framework of for the benefit of humanity, and in achieving the targets for sanitation and safe wastewater reuse by 2030, specified in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.Concerns are growing about the quality and quantity of fresh water, as severe crises are expected in the near future. Climate change has further worsened the strain on inland water resources, with its major impacts on ecosystems and human life. It is most urgent to protect and conserve inland water resources to maintain vital ecosystem functions. Despite the immense nutrient potentials of wastewater in terms of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium and increasingly high rates of urbanization-based wastewater generation, wastewater has traditionally been overlooked as a resource. This produces a threefold loss – environmental degradation, monetary losses from fertilizers, and water. As a result, municipal wastewater offers a win-win strategy for water conservation and environmental protection, while also turning waste into wealth in the form of fish biomass and allied cash crops. Wastewater-fed aquaculture refers to a unique, integrated biosystem in which the wastes generated by the first system are used by the next subsystem. In wastewater-fed aquaculture biosystems, the organic wastes are recycled into fish biomass mediated through a complex microbial/autotrophic/heterotrophic food web mechanism.
Wasting a Crisis: Why Securities Regulation Fails
by Paul G. MahoneyThe recent financial crisis led to sweeping reforms that inspired countless references to the financial reforms of the New Deal. Comparable to the reforms of the New Deal in both scope and scale, the 2,300-page Dodd-Frank Act of 2010—the main regulatory reform package introduced in the United States—also shared with New Deal reforms the assumption that the underlying cause of the crisis was misbehavior by securities market participants, exacerbated by lax regulatory oversight. With Wasting a Crisis, Paul G. Mahoney offers persuasive research to show that this now almost universally accepted narrative of market failure—broadly similar across financial crises—is formulated by political actors hoping to deflect blame from prior policy errors. Drawing on a cache of data, from congressional investigations, litigation, regulatory reports, and filings to stock quotes from the 1920s and ’30s, Mahoney moves beyond the received wisdom about the financial reforms of the New Deal, showing that lax regulation was not a substantial cause of the financial problems of the Great Depression. As new regulations were formed around this narrative of market failure, not only were the majority largely ineffective, they were also often counterproductive, consolidating market share in the hands of leading financial firms. An overview of twenty-first-century securities reforms from the same analytic perspective, including Dodd-Frank and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, shows a similar pattern and suggests that they too may offer little benefit to investors and some measurable harm.
Watchdogs: Inspectors General and the Battle for Honest and Accountable Government (Miller Center Studies on the Presidency)
by Glenn A. FineThe last line of defense for our institutions, and our democracy Inspectors general may be the most important public servants you&’ve never heard of. In Watchdogs, Glenn Fine—who served as the inspector general of the Department of Justice from 2000 to 2011 and the acting inspector general of the Department of Defense from 2016 to 2020—explains why all Americans should be familiar with this critical pillar of our democracy. Drawing on his own experiences in numerous high-profile investigations over two decades, from 9/11 to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, Fine provides a fascinating insider&’s view of government at the highest levels, illuminating how federal officials spend our tax dollars and how inspector general oversight seeks to make government more honest and accountable. Full of revealing stories—from the FBI&’s handling of evidence in the Timothy McVeigh trial to the treatment of post-9/11 detainees to investigating the US Navy&’s most infamous corruption scandal—Watchdogs illustrates the mission of inspectors general in improving government operations, deterring wasteful spending, and curtailing corruption, and the ways they work every day in America&’s unique system of oversight.
Water Allocation Law in New Zealand: Lessons from Australia (Earthscan Studies in Water Resource Management)
by Jagdeepkaur Singh-LadharThis book analyses water allocation law and policy in New Zealand and offers a comparative analysis with Australia. In New Zealand, it is generally accepted that water allocation law has failed to be adequately addressed and New Zealand is now faced with the problem of over-allocation in many catchments. In comparison, Australia has extensive experience in reforming its water law and policy over the last 20 years. This book provides a comparative and critical analysis of the lessons that New Zealand can learn from the Australian experience and offers guidance for the improvement of water allocation outcomes in New Zealand. Starting with the background of water allocation law and policy in New Zealand, the book traces the evolution of legal policies, including the 1967 Water and Soil Conservation Act and the 1991 Resource Management Act, and examines the role they have played in current water allocation issues. The book situates these findings within global challenges, such as the impact of climate change, and the global scarcity of and increasing demand for freshwater resources. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars researching water law and policy, natural resource management and environmental law more broadly. It will also be of use to policy makers and professionals involved in developing and implementing water allocation laws and policies.
Water Conflicts and Resistance: Issues and Challenges in South Asia (Social Movements and Transformative Dissent)
by Venkatesh DuttaThis book presents a systematic study of transboundary, regional and local water conflicts and resistance across several river basins in South Asia. Addressing hydro-socio-economic aspects in competing water sharing and transfer agreements, as well as conflicting regimes of legal plurality, property rights and policy implementation, it discusses themes such as rights over land and natural resources; resettlement of dam-displaced people; urban–rural conflicts over water allocation; peri-urbanisation, land use conflicts and water security; tradeoffs and constraints in restoration of ecological flows in rivers; resilience against water conflicts in a river basin; and irrigation projects and sustainability of water resources. Bringing together experts, professionals, lawyers, government and the civil society, the volume analyses water conflicts at local, regional and transboundary scales; reviews current debates with case studies; and outlines emerging challenges in water policy, law, governance and institutions in South Asia. It also offers alternative tools and frameworks of water sharing mechanisms, conflict resolution, dialogue, and models of cooperation and collaboration for key stakeholders towards possible solutions for effective, equitable and strategic water management. This book will be useful to scholars and researchers of development studies, environment studies, water studies, public policy, political science, international relations, conflict resolution, political economy, economics, sociology and social anthropology, environmental law, governance and South Asian studies. It will also benefit practitioners, water policy thinktanks and associations, policymakers, diplomats and NGOs.
Water Ecosystem Services: A Global Perspective (International Hydrology Series)
by Iain J. Gordon Julia Martin-Ortega Robert C. Ferrier Shahbaz KhanThis comprehensive volume describes how ecosystem services-based approaches can assist in addressing major global and regional water challenges, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and water security in the developing world, by integrating scientific knowledge from different disciplines, such as hydrological modelling, environmental economics, psychology and international law. Empirical assessments at the national, catchment and regional levels are used to critically appraise this systemic approach, and the merits and potential limitations are presented. The practicalities of this approach with regard to water resources management, nature conservation, and sustainable business practices are discussed, and the role of society in underpinning the concept of ecosystem services is explored. Presenting new insights and perspectives on how to shape future strategies, this contributory volume is a valuable reference for researchers, academics, students and policy makers, in environmental studies, hydrology, water resource management, ecology, environmental law, policy and economics, and conservation biology. Provides a practical definition of ecosystem services-based approaches for both researchers and practitioners. Provides a definitive reference for future research and the implementation of ecosystem services-based approaches within the water sector and beyond. Discusses new and unexplored dimensions to the ecosystem services field, such as human rights, thereby enhancing the concept for both research and practice. Brings together knowledge across a range of disciplines and is suitable for a broad audience.
Water Ethics: A Values Approach to Solving the Water Crisis
by David GroenfeldtThis book introduces the idea that ethics are an intrinsic dimension of any water policy, program, or practice, and that understanding what ethics are being acted out in water policies is fundamental to an understanding of water resource management. Thus in controversies or conflicts over water resource allocation and use, an examination of ethics can help clarify the positions of conflicting parties as preparation for constructive negotiations. The author shows the benefits of exposing tacit values and motivations and subjecting these to explicit public scrutiny where the values themselves can be debated. The aim of such a process is to create the proverbial 'level playing field', where values favoring environmental sustainability are considered in relation to values favoring short-term exploitation for quick economic stimulus (the current problem) or quick protection from water disasters (through infrastructure which science suggests is not sustainable). The book shows how new technologies, such as drip irrigation, or governance structures, such as river basin organizations are neither "good" nor "bad" in their own right, but can serve a range of interests which are guided by ethics. A new ethic of coexistence and synergies with nature is possible, but ultimately depends not on science, law, or finances but on the values we choose to adopt. The book includes a wide range of case studies from countries including Australia, India, Philippines, South Africa and USA. These cover various contexts including water for agriculture, urban, domestic and industrial use, the rights of indigenous people and river, watershed and ecosystem management.
Water Ethics: A Values Approach to Solving the Water Crisis (Earthscan Water Text)
by David GroenfeldtFully revised and updated, this second edition of Water Ethics continues to consolidate water ethics as a key dimension of water-related decisions. The book introduces the idea that ethics are an intrinsic dimension of any water policy, program, or practice, and that understanding what ethics are being acted out in water policies is fundamental to an understanding of water resource management. Alongside updated references and the introduction of discussion questions and recommended further reading, this new edition discusses in depth three significant developments since the publication of the first edition in 2013. The first is the growing awareness of the climate crisis as an existential threat, and associated concern about adaptive strategies for sustainable water management and ways of using water management for climate mitigation (e.g., practically through agricultural soil management and conceptually through ethics awareness). Second, there has been increased clarity among the religious community, Indigenous leaders, and progressive academics that ethics needs to become an arena for application and action (e.g., the Vatican encyclical Laudato Si, protests at Standing Rock and Flint, Michigan, in the US, and climate demonstrations worldwide). Thirdly, there have been new normative water standards ranging from "water stewardship" (industry initiative), water charters (Berlin) and the on-going initiative to develop a global water ethics charter. Drawing on case studies from countries including Australia, India, the Philippines, South Africa, and the United States, this textbook is essential reading for students of environmental ethics and water governance and management.
Water Ethics: Marcelino Botin Water Forum 2007
by M. Ramón Llamas Aditi Mukherji Luis Martínez-CortinaIn the context of the current financial crisis, and at a time of deep global change, growing attention is paid to the global norms and ethical values that could underpin future global policy. Water is a key global resource. At the 3rd Marcelino Botin Foundation Water Workshop, held in Santander, Spain, June 12-14, 2007, the role of ethics in the de
Water Footprint Assessment: A Guide for Business (Doshorts Ser.)
by David Tickner Ashok Kumar ChapagainAs business risks associated with water intensify – for example risks to oeprations, supply chains and reputation – many corporate sustainability professionals are seeking practical tools to help them understand and assess these risks. Water Footprint Assessment tools developed primarily by the research sector are gaining attention in this context. However, there is debate among experts and non-experts about the merits of this approach. Water Footprint Assessment: A Business Guide is a concise and comprehensive digest of emerging concepts, tools and arguments around water footprint approaches. Specifically aimed at business audiences, this definitive short guide to the issues distils the latest in scientific and policy literature, helps sustainability leaders understand what they can, and can't do with water footprint tools, includes practical experience and case studies and outlines the pros and cons of using Water Footprint Assessment and similar approaches.
Water Governance for Sustainable Development: Approaches and Lessons from Developing and Transitional Countries
by Stefano FarolfiGood management of water resources - universally identified as a key aspect of poverty reduction, agriculture and food security - has proven, in practice, as difficult to achieve as it is eagerly sought. This book, edited and authored by leading authorities on water resource management, examines the recent changes in governance, institutions, economics and policies of water, covering developing, transitional and developed countries, with special emphasis on southern African case studies. The book examines how water policies, institutions and governance have shifted in recent years from supply-driven, quantitative, centrally controlled management to more demand-sensitive, decentralized, participatory approaches. Such a move often also implies cost recovery principles, resource allocation among competing sectors, and privatization. The case studies demonstrate that the new policies and legal frameworks have been difficult to implement and often fall short of initial expectations. Using an accessible multidisciplinary approach that integrates economics, sociology, geography and policy analysis, the book untangles the issues and presents best practices for policy- and decision-makers, governments and regulators, NGOs and user groups, service providers, and researchers. The overall aim is to show how good water governance structures can be developed and implemented for the benefit of all.
Water Justice and Groundwater Subsidies in India: Equitable and Sustainable Access and Regulation (Earthscan Studies in Water Resource Management)
by Gayathri D. NaikThis book examines the impact of water-related subsidies on social and distributive equity and environmental sustainability in groundwater access and regulation in India.This book argues that adopting a water justice framework is essential to ensure equitable and sustainable access to and regulation of groundwater by balancing anthropogenic and ecological water needs. The inherent inequity resulting from property rights-controlled groundwater access gets widened by the social, political, and economic factors determining the subsidy beneficiaries. Adopting a socio-legal approach, this book draws on two contrasting case studies in India: Kerala, a water-secure state, and Rajasthan, an arid state. Arguing for a shift to a new paradigm in water governance, it critically examines the feasibility of the public trust doctrine and rights of nature discourse to analyse the best suitable regulatory framework that can balance the human right to water and ecological sustainability in groundwater resources. It demonstrates the feasibility of adopting various environmental law principles that balance human rights to water and nature. It argues that the hitherto highlighted public trust doctrine cannot address these inequities due to its anthropogenic bias and property rights link. This book examines the applicability of the rights of nature discourse instead of these property rights-based regulations to incorporate and mainstream the concerns of aquifer protection in water governance.This book shall be of great interest to students, scholars, and practitioners of water law and policy, environmental law, water and social justice, development studies, and political ecology.