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Adaptive Designs for Sequential Treatment Allocation
by Alessandro Baldi Antognini Alessandra GiovagnoliAdaptive Designs for Sequential Treatment Allocation presents a rigorous theoretical treatment of the results and mathematical foundation of adaptive design theory. The book focuses on designing sequential randomized experiments to compare two or more treatments incorporating information accrued along the way. The authors first introduce the terminology and statistical models most commonly used in comparative experiments. They then illustrate biased coin and urn designs that only take into account past treatment allocations as well as designs that use past data, such as sequential maximum likelihood and various types of doubly adaptive designs. The book also covers multipurpose adaptive experiments involving utilitarian choices and ethical issues. It ends with adaptive methods that include covariates in the design. The appendices present basic tools of optimal design theory and address Bayesian adaptive designs.This book helps readers fully understand the theoretical properties behind various adaptive designs. Readers are then equipped to choose the best design for their experiment.
Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Control: Algorithms and Stability (Communications and Control Engineering)
by Yanhong Luo Huaguang Zhang Ding Wang Derong LiuThere are many methods of stable controller design for nonlinear systems. In seeking to go beyond the minimum requirement of stability, Adaptive Dynamic Programming in Discrete Time approaches the challenging topic of optimal control for nonlinear systems using the tools of adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). The range of systems treated is extensive; affine, switched, singularly perturbed and time-delay nonlinear systems are discussed as are the uses of neural networks and techniques of value and policy iteration. The text features three main aspects of ADP in which the methods proposed for stabilization and for tracking and games benefit from the incorporation of optimal control methods: * infinite-horizon control for which the difficulty of solving partial differential Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations directly is overcome, and proof provided that the iterative value function updating sequence converges to the infimum of all the value functions obtained by admissible control law sequences; * finite-horizon control, implemented in discrete-time nonlinear systems showing the reader how to obtain suboptimal control solutions within a fixed number of control steps and with results more easily applied in real systems than those usually gained from infinite-horizon control; * nonlinear games for which a pair of mixed optimal policies are derived for solving games both when the saddle point does not exist, and, when it does, avoiding the existence conditions of the saddle point. Non-zero-sum games are studied in the context of a single network scheme in which policies are obtained guaranteeing system stability and minimizing the individual performance function yielding a Nash equilibrium. In order to make the coverage suitable for the student as well as for the expert reader, Adaptive Dynamic Programming in Discrete Time: * establishes the fundamental theory involved clearly with each chapter devoted to a clearly identifiable control paradigm; * demonstrates convergence proofs of the ADP algorithms to deepen understanding of the derivation of stability and convergence with the iterative computational methods used; and * shows how ADP methods can be put to use both in simulation and in real applications. This text will be of considerable interest to researchers interested in optimal control and its applications in operations research, applied mathematics computational intelligence and engineering. Graduate students working in control and operations research will also find the ideas presented here to be a source of powerful methods for furthering their study.
Adaptive Dynamic Programming with Applications in Optimal Control (Advances in Industrial Control)
by Ding Wang Derong Liu Qinglai Wei Xiong Yang Hongliang LiThis book covers the most recent developments in adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). The text begins with a thorough background review of ADP making sure that readers are sufficiently familiar with the fundamentals. In the core of the book, the authors address first discrete- and then continuous-time systems. Coverage of discrete-time systems starts with a more general form of value iteration to demonstrate its convergence, optimality, and stability with complete and thorough theoretical analysis. A more realistic form of value iteration is studied where value function approximations are assumed to have finite errors. Adaptive Dynamic Programming also details another avenue of the ADP approach: policy iteration. Both basic and generalized forms of policy-iteration-based ADP are studied with complete and thorough theoretical analysis in terms of convergence, optimality, stability, and error bounds. Among continuous-time systems, the control of affine and nonaffine nonlinear systems is studied using the ADP approach which is then extended to other branches of control theory including decentralized control, robust and guaranteed cost control, and game theory. In the last part of the book the real-world significance of ADP theory is presented, focusing on three application examples developed from the authors' work: * renewable energy scheduling for smart power grids; * coal gasification processes; and * water-gas shift reactions. Researchers studying intelligent control methods and practitioners looking to apply them in the chemical-process and power-supply industries will find much to interest them in this thorough treatment of an advanced approach to control.
Adaptive Filtering Under Minimum Mean p-Power Error Criterion
by Badong Chen Wentao MaAdaptive filtering still receives attention in engineering as the use of the adaptive filter provides improved performance over the use of a fixed filter under the time-varying and unknown statistics environments. This application evolved communications, signal processing, seismology, mechanical design, and control engineering. The most popular optimization criterion in adaptive filtering is the well-known minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, which is, however, only optimal when the signals involved are Gaussian-distributed. Therefore, many "optimal solutions" under MMSE are not optimal. As an extension of the traditional MMSE, the minimum mean p-power error (MMPE) criterion has shown superior performance in many applications of adaptive filtering. This book aims to provide a comprehensive introduction of the MMPE and related adaptive filtering algorithms, which will become an important reference for researchers and practitioners in this application area. The book is geared to senior undergraduates with a basic understanding of linear algebra and statistics, graduate students, or practitioners with experience in adaptive signal processing.Key Features: Provides a systematic description of the MMPE criterion. Many adaptive filtering algorithms under MMPE, including linear and nonlinear filters, will be introduced. Extensive illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the results.
Adaptive Filtering: Fundamentals of Least Mean Squares with MATLAB® (Electrical Engineering Primer Ser.)
by Alexander D. PoularikasAdaptive filters are used in many diverse applications, appearing in everything from military instruments to cellphones and home appliances. Adaptive Filtering: Fundamentals of Least Mean Squares with MATLAB® covers the core concepts of this important field, focusing on a vital part of the statistical signal processing area—the least mean square (LMS) adaptive filter. This largely self-contained text: Discusses random variables, stochastic processes, vectors, matrices, determinants, discrete random signals, and probability distributions Explains how to find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix and the properties of the error surfaces Explores the Wiener filter and its practical uses, details the steepest descent method, and develops the Newton’s algorithm Addresses the basics of the LMS adaptive filter algorithm, considers LMS adaptive filter variants, and provides numerous examples Delivers a concise introduction to MATLAB®, supplying problems, computer experiments, and more than 110 functions and script files Featuring robust appendices complete with mathematical tables and formulas, Adaptive Filtering: Fundamentals of Least Mean Squares with MATLAB® clearly describes the key principles of adaptive filtering and effectively demonstrates how to apply them to solve real-world problems.
Adaptive Instructional Systems: 6th International Conference, AIS 2024, Held as Part of the 26th HCI International Conference, HCII 2024, Washington, DC, USA, June 29–July 4, 2024, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14727)
by Jessica Schwarz Robert A. SottilareThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of 6th International Conference on Adaptive Instructional Systems, AIS 2024, held as part of the 26th International Conference, HCI International 2024, which took place in Washington, DC, USA, during June 29-July 4, 2024. The total of 1271 papers and 309 posters included in the HCII 2024 proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 5108 submissions. The HCII-AIS 2024 contributions have been organized in the following topical sections: Designing and developing adaptive instructional systems; adaptive learning experiences; AI in adaptive learning.
Adaptive Instructional Systems: 7th International Conference, AIS 2025, Held as Part of the 27th HCI International Conference, HCII 2025, Gothenburg, Sweden, June 22–27, 2025, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #15812)
by Jessica Schwarz Robert A. SottilareThe two-volume set LNCS 15812-15813 constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Adaptive Instructional Systems, AIS 2025, held as part of the 27th HCI International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2025, which took place in Gothenburg, Sweden, in June 2025. The total of 1430 papers and 355 posters included in the HCII 2025 proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 7972 submissions. The two volumes cover topics as follows: Part I: Adaptive Training and Education; Cognitive Modeling of Adaptive Instructional Systems; Part II: Adaptive and Personalized Learning; Emerging Technologies in Adaptive Instruction.
Adaptive Instructional Systems: 7th International Conference, AIS 2025, Held as Part of the 27th HCI International Conference, HCII 2025, Gothenburg, Sweden, June 22–27, 2025, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #15813)
by Jessica Schwarz Robert A. SottilareThe two-volume set LNCS 15812-15813 constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Adaptive Instructional Systems, AIS 2025, held as part of the 27th HCI International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2025, which took place in Gothenburg, Sweden, in June 2025. The total of 1430 papers and 355 posters included in the HCII 2025 proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 7972 submissions. The two volumes cover topics as follows: Part I: Adaptive Training and Education; Cognitive Modeling of Adaptive Instructional Systems; Part II: Adaptive and Personalized Learning; Emerging Technologies in Adaptive Instruction.
Adaptive Intelligence: Select Proceedings of InCITe 2024, Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #1280)
by Seán McLoone Nitasha Hasteer Purushottam Sharma Ranjana NallamalliThis book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Technology (InCITe-2024). It aims to provide a comprehensive knowledge base encompassing state-of-the-art research and development in adaptive intelligence, decision intelligence, artificial intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, data science, and enabling technologies for IoT, blockchain, and other futuristic technologies. It covers various topics that span cutting-edge, collaborative technologies and areas of computation. The content would serve as a rich knowledge repository on information & communication technologies, neural networks, fuzzy systems, natural language processing, data mining & warehousing, big data analytics, cloud computing, social networks, and intelligence, decision-making, and modeling, information systems, IT architectures, and security related aspects. This book provides a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.
Adaptive Method of Lines
by A. Vande Wouwer Ph. Saucez W. E. SchiesserThe general Method of Lines (MOL) procedure provides a flexible format for the solution of all the major classes of partial differential equations (PDEs) and is particularly well suited to evolutionary, nonlinear wave PDEs. Despite its utility, however, there are relatively few texts that explore it at a more advanced level and reflect the method's
Adaptive Regression for Modeling Nonlinear Relationships (Statistics for Biology and Health)
by George J. Knafl Kai DingThis book presents methods for investigating whether relationships are linear or nonlinear and for adaptively fitting appropriate models when they are nonlinear. Data analysts will learn how to incorporate nonlinearity in one or more predictor variables into regression models for different types of outcome variables. Such nonlinear dependence is often not considered in applied research, yet nonlinear relationships are common and so need to be addressed. A standard linear analysis can produce misleading conclusions, while a nonlinear analysis can provide novel insights into data, not otherwise possible. A variety of examples of the benefits of modeling nonlinear relationships are presented throughout the book. Methods are covered using what are called fractional polynomials based on real-valued power transformations of primary predictor variables combined with model selection based on likelihood cross-validation. The book covers how to formulate and conduct such adaptive fractional polynomial modeling in the standard, logistic, and Poisson regression contexts with continuous, discrete, and counts outcomes, respectively, either univariate or multivariate. The book also provides a comparison of adaptive modeling to generalized additive modeling (GAM) and multiple adaptive regression splines (MARS) for univariate outcomes. The authors have created customized SAS macros for use in conducting adaptive regression modeling. These macros and code for conducting the analyses discussed in the book are available through the first author's website and online via the book s Springer website. Detailed descriptions of how to use these macros and interpret their output appear throughout the book. These methods can be implemented using other programs. "
Adaptive Survey Design (Chapman & Hall/CRC Statistics in the Social and Behavioral Sciences)
by James Wagner Barry Schouten Andy PeytchevAdaptive survey designs (ASDs) provide a framework for data-driven tailoring of data collection procedures to different sample members, often for cost and bias reduction. People vary in how likely they are to respond and in how they respond. This variation leads to opportunities to selectively deploy design features in order to control both nonresponse and measurement errors. ASD aims at the optimal matching of design features and the characteristics of respondents given the survey budget. Such a goal is sensible, but ASD requires investment in more advanced technical systems and management infrastructure and asks for the collection of relevant auxiliary data. So what are current best practices in ASD? And is ASD worthwhile when the same auxiliary data are employed in the estimation afterwards? In this book, the authors provide answers to these questions, and much more.
Adaptive and Flexible Clinical Trials
by Richard ChinAdaptive clinical trial designs, unlike traditional fixed clinical trial designs, enable modification of studies in response to the data generated in the course of the trial. This often results in studies that are substantially faster, more efficient, and more powerful. Recent developments in web-based real-time data entry and advances in statistic
Adding Latin America to the Global Projection Model
by Charles Freedman Douglas Laxton Roberto Garcia-Saltos Jorge Canales Kriljenko Marianne JohnsonAdding Latin America to the Global Projection Model
Adding Talk To The Equation: A Self-Study Guide for Teachers and Coaches on Improving Math Discussions
by Lucy WestFor more than 20 years, Lucy West has been studying mathematical classroom discourse. She believes that teachers need to understand what their students are thinking as they grapple with rich mathematical tasks and that the best way to do so is through talking and listening. In this video-rich edition of Adding Talk to the Equation: Discussions and Discovery in Mathematics, she invites teachers into real-life classrooms where all students stay in the game, stay motivated about learning, and ultimately deepen their understanding. Designed for math teachers and coaches in grades 18, this self-study guide showcases elementary and middle school classrooms where teachers inspire even the most reluctant students to share their ideas. Through the stories of skilled teachers, West offers play-by-play commentary as they get more comfortable with new talk moves and learn to tune in and respond to students' math conversations. Although these discussions occur in math class, the strategies can be used to create a respectful, productive environment for any subject area. This video-based resource examines the importance of creating a safe learning environment; the value of thinking, reasoning, and questioning; the role of active, accountable listening; and the necessity of giving all students a you can do this message. West also emphasizes that slowing down, even in the face of time constraints, is crucial for creating a classroom where all students feel they have something to contribute. This guide includes transcripts of the case studies, with insightful commentary from West that gives you a window into her thinking and the complexities of the work she is doing with teachers, as well as her reflections on missed opportunities.
Adding+ Itup: Helping Children Learn Mathematics
by Mathematics Learning Study CommitteeAdding it Up explores how students in pre-K through 8th grade learn mathematics and recommends how teaching, curricula, and teacher education should change to improve mathematics learning during these critical years.The committee identifies five interdependent components of mathematical proficiency and describes how students develop this proficiency. With examples and illustrations, the book presents a portrait of mathematics learning: Research findings on what children know about numbers by the time they arrive in pre-K and the implications for mathematics instruction. Details on the processes by which students acquire mathematical proficiency with whole numbers, rational numbers, and integers, as well as beginning algebra, geometry, measurement, and probability and statistics.The committee discusses what is known from research about teaching for mathematics proficiency, focusing on the interactions between teachers and students around educational materials and how teachers develop proficiency in teaching mathematics.
Addition Facts that Stick: Help Your Child Master the Addition Facts for Good in Just Six Weeks
by Corrin Brewer Debra Pearson Kate SnowThe fun, engaging program that will help your child master the addition facts once and for all—without spending hours and hours drilling flash cards! Addition Facts That Stick will guide you, step-by- step, as you teach your child to understand and memorize the addition facts, from 1 + 1 through 9 + 9. Hands-on activities, fun games your child will love, and simple practice pages help young students remember the addition facts for good. In 15 minutes per day (perfect for after school, or as a supplement to a homeschool math curriculum) any child can master the addition facts, gain a greater understanding of how math works, and develop greater confidence, in just six weeks! Mastery of the math facts is the foundation for all future math learning. Lay that foundation now, and make it solid, with Addition Facts That Stick!
Addition Made Easy (Making Math Easy)
by Rebecca Wingard-Nelson Tom LaBaffAre you having trouble with two-digit addition? How about three-digit addition? Does column addition confuse you? Do you wish someone could simply explain the properties of addition? Well, ask no more! In a simple and direct style, Rebecca Wingard-Nelson covers topics such as partial sums, regrouping, and place value. Whether you are learning this information for the first time—on your own or with a tutor—or you would like to review your math skills, this book will be a great choice.
Additive Combinatorics
by Terence Tao Van H. VuAdditive combinatorics is the theory of counting additive structures in sets. This theory has seen exciting developments and dramatic changes in direction in recent years thanks to its connections with areas such as number theory, ergodic theory and graph theory. This graduate-level 2006 text will allow students and researchers easy entry into this fascinating field. Here, the authors bring together in a self-contained and systematic manner the many different tools and ideas that are used in the modern theory, presenting them in an accessible, coherent, and intuitively clear manner, and providing immediate applications to problems in additive combinatorics. The power of these tools is well demonstrated in the presentation of recent advances such as Szemerédi's theorem on arithmetic progressions, the Kakeya conjecture and Erdos distance problems, and the developing field of sum-product estimates. The text is supplemented by a large number of exercises and new results.
Additive Combinatorics: A Menu of Research Problems (Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications)
by Bela BajnokAdditive Combinatorics: A Menu of Research Problems is the first book of its kind to provide readers with an opportunity to actively explore the relatively new field of additive combinatorics. The author has written the book specifically for students of any background and proficiency level, from beginners to advanced researchers. It features an extensive menu of research projects that are challenging and engaging at many different levels. The questions are new and unsolved, incrementally attainable, and designed to be approachable with various methods.
Additive Number Theory: Festschrift In Honor of the Sixtieth Birthday of Melvyn B. Nathanson
by David Chudnovsky Gregory ChudnovskyThis impressive volume is dedicated to Mel Nathanson, a leading authoritative expert for several decades in the area of combinatorial and additive number theory. For several decades, Mel Nathanson's seminal ideas and results in combinatorial and additive number theory have influenced graduate students and researchers alike. The invited survey articles in this volume reflect the work of distinguished mathematicians in number theory, and represent a wide range of important topics in current research.
Addressing Special Educational Needs and Disability in the Curriculum: Maths (Addressing SEND in the Curriculum)
by Max WallaceThe SEND Code of Practice (2015) reinforced the requirement that all teachers must meet the needs of all learners. This topical book provides practical, tried and tested strategies and resources that will support teachers in making maths lessons accessible and interesting for all pupils, including those with special needs. The author draws on a wealth of experience to share his understanding of special educational needs and disabilities and show how the maths teacher can reduce or remove any barriers to learning. Offering strategies that are specific to the context of maths teaching, this book will enable teachers to: adopt a ‘problem solving’ approach to ensure students use and apply mathematics at all times during their learning develop students’ understanding of mathematical ideas structure lessons to empower and actively engage students create a mutually supportive classroom which maximises learning opportunities plan the classroom layout and display to enhance learning, for example displaying number lines, vocabulary lists and pupils’ work successfully train and fully use the support of their teaching assistants. An invaluable tool for continuing professional development, this text will be essential for secondary maths teachers (and their teaching assistants) seeking guidance specific to teaching maths to all pupils, regardless of their individual needs. This book will also be of interest to secondary SENCOs, senior management teams and ITT providers. In addition to free online resources, a range of appendices provide maths teachers with a variety of pro forma and activity sheets to support effective teaching. This is an essential tool for maths teachers and teaching assistants, and will help to deliver successful, inclusive lessons for all pupils.
Adjoint Equations and Perturbation Algorithms in Nonlinear Problems
by Guri I. Marchuk Valeri I. Agoshkov Victor P. ShutyaevSparked by demands inherent to the mathematical study of pollution, intensive industry, global warming, and the biosphere, Adjoint Equations and Perturbation Algorithms in Nonlinear Problems is the first book ever to systematically present the theory of adjoint equations for nonlinear problems, as well as their application to perturbation algorithms. This new approach facilitates analysis of observational data, the application of adjoint equations to retrospective study of processes governed by imitation models, and the study of computer models themselves. Specifically, the book discusses: Principles for constructing adjoint operators in nonlinear problemsProperties of adjoint operators and solvability conditions for adjoint equationsPerturbation algorithms using the adjoint equations theory for nonlinear problems in transport theory, quasilinear motion, substance transfer, and nonlinear data assimilationKnown results on adjoint equations and perturbation algorithms in nonlinear problemsThis groundbreaking text contains some results that have no analogs in the scientific literature, opening unbounded possibilities in construction and application of adjoint equations to nonlinear problems of mathematical physics.
Administrative Records for Survey Methodology (Wiley Series in Survey Methodology)
by Asaph Young Chun Michael D. Larsen Gabriele Durrant Jerome P. ReiterAddresses the international use of administrative records for large-scale surveys, censuses, and other statistical purposes Administrative Records for Survey Methodology is a comprehensive guide to improving the quality, cost-efficiency, and interpretability of surveys and censuses using administrative data research. Contributions from a team of internationally-recognized experts provide practical approaches for integrating administrative data in statistical surveys, and discuss the methodological issues—including concerns of privacy, confidentiality, and legality—involved in collecting and analyzing administrative records. Numerous real-world examples highlight technological and statistical innovations, helping readers gain a better understanding of both fundamental methods and advanced techniques for controlling data quality reducing total survey error. Divided into four sections, the first describes the basics of administrative records research and addresses disclosure limitation and confidentiality protection in linked data. Section two focuses on data quality and linking methodology, covering topics such as quality evaluation, measuring and controlling for non-consent bias, and cleaning and using administrative lists. The third section examines the use of administrative records in surveys and includes case studies of the Swedish register-based census and the administrative records applications used for the US 2020 Census. The book's final section discusses combining administrative and survey data to improve income measurement, enhancing health surveys with data linkage, and other uses of administrative data in evidence-based policymaking. This state-of-the-art resource: Discusses important administrative data issues and suggests how administrative data can be integrated with more traditional surveys Describes practical uses of administrative records for evidence-driven decisions in both public and private sectors Emphasizes using interdisciplinary methodology and linking administrative records with other data sources Explores techniques to leverage administrative data to improve the survey frame, reduce nonresponse follow-up, assess coverage error, mesaure linkage non-consent bias, and perform small area estimation. Administrative Records for Survey Methodology is an indispensable reference and guide for statistical researchers and methodologists in academia, industry, and government, particularly census bureaus and national statistical offices, and an ideal supplemental text for undergraduate and graduate courses in data science, survey methodology, data collection, and data analysis methods.
Admissibility and Hyperbolicity (Springerbriefs In Mathematics)
by Claudia Valls Luís Barreira Davor DragičevićThis book gives a comprehensive overview of the relationship between admissibility and hyperbolicity. Essential theories and selected developments are discussed with highlights to applications. The dedicated readership includes researchers and graduate students specializing in differential equations and dynamical systems (with emphasis on hyperbolicity) who wish to have a broad view of the topic and working knowledge of its techniques. The book may also be used as a basis for appropriate graduate courses on hyperbolicity; the pointers and references given to further research will be particularly useful.<P><P> The material is divided into three parts: the core of the theory, recent developments, and applications. The first part pragmatically covers the relation between admissibility and hyperbolicity, starting with the simpler case of exponential contractions. It also considers exponential dichotomies, both for discrete and continuous time, and establishes corresponding results building on the arguments for exponential contractions. The second part considers various extensions of the former results, including a general approach to the construction of admissible spaces and the study of nonuniform exponential behavior. Applications of the theory to the robustness of an exponential dichotomy, the characterization of hyperbolic sets in terms of admissibility, the relation between shadowing and structural stability, and the characterization of hyperbolicity in terms of Lyapunov sequences are given in the final part.