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Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies
by Ronald InglehartRonald Inglehart argues that economic development, cultural change, and political change go together in coherent and even, to some extent, predictable patterns. This is a controversial claim. It implies that some trajectories of socioeconomic change are more likely than others--and consequently that certain changes are foreseeable. Once a society has embarked on industrialization, for example, a whole syndrome of related changes, from mass mobilization to diminishing differences in gender roles, is likely to appear. These changes in worldviews seem to reflect changes in the economic and political environment, but they take place with a generational time lag and have considerable autonomy and momentum of their own. But industrialization is not the end of history. Advanced industrial society leads to a basic shift in values, de-emphasizing the instrumental rationality that characterized industrial society. Postmodern values then bring new societal changes, including democratic political institutions and the decline of state socialist regimes. To demonstrate the powerful links between belief systems and political and socioeconomic variables, this book draws on a unique database, the World Values Surveys. This database covers a broader range than ever before available for looking at the impact of mass publics on political and social life. It provides information from societies representing 70 percent of the world's population--from societies with per capita incomes as low as $300 per year to those with per capita incomes one hundred times greater and from long-established democracies with market economies to authoritarian states.
Modernizing the U.S. Census
by Charles Schultze Barry EdmondstonThe U.S. census, conducted every 10 years since 1790, faces dramatic new challenges as the country begins its third century. Critics of the 1990 census cited problems of increasingly high costs, continued racial differences in counting the population, and declining public confidence. <P><P>This volume provides a major review of the traditional U.S. census. Starting from the most basic questions of how data are used and whether they are needed, the volume examines the data that future censuses should provide. It evaluates several radical proposals that have been made for changing the census, as well as other proposals for redesigning the year 2000 census. <P><P>The book also considers in detail the much-criticized long form, the role of race and ethnic data, and the need for and ways to obtain small-area data between censuses.
Modified and Quantum Gravity: From Theory to Experimental Searches on All Scales (Lecture Notes in Physics #1017)
by Claus Lämmerzahl Christian PfeiferThis book discusses theoretical predictions and their comparison with experiments of extended and modified classical and quantum theories of gravity. The goal is to provide a readable access and broad overview over different approaches to the topic to graduate and PhD students as well as to young researchers. The book presents both, theoretical and experimental insights and is structured in three parts. The first addresses the theoretical models beyond special and general relativity such as string theory, Poincare gauge theory and teleparallelism as well as Finsler gravity. In turn, the second part is focused on the observational effects that these models generate, accounting for tests and comparisons which can be made on all possible scales: from the universe as a whole via binary systems, stars, black holes, satellite experiments, down to laboratory experiments at micrometer and smaller scales. The last part of this book is dedicated to quantum systems and gravity, showing tests of classical gravity with quantum systems, and coupling of quantum matter and gravity.
Modifying Your Thinking Classroom for Different Settings: A Supplement to Building Thinking Classrooms in Mathematics (Corwin Mathematics Series)
by Peter LiljedahlKeep thinking…keep learning in different settings In Peter Liljedahl’s bestselling Building Thinking Classrooms in Mathematics: 14 Teaching Practices for Enhancing Learning, readers discovered that thinking is a precursor to learning. Translating 15 years of research, the anchor book introduced 14 practices that have the most potential to increase student thinking in the classroom and can work for any teacher in any setting. But how do these practices work in a classroom with social distancing or in settings that are not always face-to-face? This follow-up supplement will answer those questions, and more. It walks teachers through how to adapt the 14 practices for 12 distinct settings, some of which came about as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This guide: Provides the what, why, and how to adapt each practice in face-to-face settings that require social distancing, fixed seating, or small class sizes; synchronous and asynchronous virtual settings; synchronous and asynchronous hybrid settings; independent learning; and homeschooling. Includes guidance on using thinking classroom practices to support students in unfinished learning in small groups and one-on-one teaching or tutoring. Offers updated toolkits and a recommended order for the implementation of the practices for each of the settings. This supplement allows teachers to dip in as needed and continually modify the practices as their own classroom situations change and evolve, always keeping the thinking at the forefront of their mathematics teaching and learning.
Modifying Your Thinking Classroom for Different Settings: A Supplement to Building Thinking Classrooms in Mathematics (Corwin Mathematics Series)
by Peter LiljedahlKeep thinking…keep learning in different settings In Peter Liljedahl’s bestselling Building Thinking Classrooms in Mathematics: 14 Teaching Practices for Enhancing Learning, readers discovered that thinking is a precursor to learning. Translating 15 years of research, the anchor book introduced 14 practices that have the most potential to increase student thinking in the classroom and can work for any teacher in any setting. But how do these practices work in a classroom with social distancing or in settings that are not always face-to-face? This follow-up supplement will answer those questions, and more. It walks teachers through how to adapt the 14 practices for 12 distinct settings, some of which came about as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This guide: Provides the what, why, and how to adapt each practice in face-to-face settings that require social distancing, fixed seating, or small class sizes; synchronous and asynchronous virtual settings; synchronous and asynchronous hybrid settings; independent learning; and homeschooling. Includes guidance on using thinking classroom practices to support students in unfinished learning in small groups and one-on-one teaching or tutoring. Offers updated toolkits and a recommended order for the implementation of the practices for each of the settings. This supplement allows teachers to dip in as needed and continually modify the practices as their own classroom situations change and evolve, always keeping the thinking at the forefront of their mathematics teaching and learning.
Modular Forms and Related Topics in Number Theory: Kozhikode, India, December 10–14, 2018 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #340)
by Bernhard Heim B. Ramakrishnan Brundaban SahuThis book collects the papers presented at the Conference on Number Theory, held at the Kerala School of Mathematics, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, from December 10–14, 2018. The conference aimed at bringing the active number theorists and researchers in automorphic forms and allied areas to demonstrate their current research works. This book benefits young research scholars, postdoctoral fellows, and young faculty members working in these areas of research.
Modular Forms: Fundamental Tools of Mathematics (essentials)
by Claudia Alfes-NeumannIn this essential, Claudia Alfes-Neumann discusses applications of the theory of modular forms and their importance as fundamental tools in mathematics. These functions - initially defined purely analytically - appear in many areas of mathematics: very prominently in number theory, but also in geometry, combinatorics, representation theory, and physics. After explaining necessary basics from complex analysis, the author defines modular forms and shows some applications in number theory. Furthermore, she takes up two important aspects of the theory surrounding modular forms: Hecke operators and L-functions of modular forms. The essentials conclude with an outlook on real-analytic generalizations of modular forms, which play an important role in current research. This Springer essential is a translation of the original German 1st edition essentials, Modulformen by Claudia Alfes-Neumann, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
Modular Lie Algebras and their Representations
by H. StradeThis book presents an introduction to the structure and representation theory of modular Lie algebras over fields of positive characteristic. It introduces the beginner to the theory of modular Lie algebras and is meant to be a reference text for researchers.
Modulare Arithmetik: Von den ganzen Zahlen zur Kryptographie (essentials)
by Thorsten HolmDieses essential bietet eine Einführung in die modulare Arithmetik, die mit wenig Vorkenntnissen zugänglich und mit vielen Beispielen illustriert ist. Ausgehend von den ganzen Zahlen und dem Begriff der Teilbarkeit werden neue Zahlbereiche bestehend aus Restklassen modulo einer Zahl n eingeführt. Für das Rechnen in diesen neuen Zahlbereichen wichtige Hilfsmittel wie der Euklidische Algorithmus, der Chinesische Restsatz und die Eulersche φ-Funktion werden ausführlich behandelt. Als Anwendung der modularen Arithmetik werden zum Abschluss die Grundzüge des für viele moderne Anwendungen grundlegenden RSA-Verschlüsselungsverfahrens präsentiert.
Modulation Spaces: With Applications to Pseudodifferential Operators and Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations (Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis)
by Kasso A. Okoudjou Árpád BényiThis monograph serves as a much-needed, self-contained reference on the topic of modulation spaces. By gathering together state-of-the-art developments and previously unexplored applications, readers will be motivated to make effective use of this topic in future research. Because modulation spaces have historically only received a cursory treatment, this book will fill a gap in time-frequency analysis literature, and offer readers a convenient and timely resource.Foundational concepts and definitions in functional, harmonic, and real analysis are reviewed in the first chapter, which is then followed by introducing modulation spaces. The focus then expands to the many valuable applications of modulation spaces, such as linear and multilinear pseudodifferential operators, and dispersive partial differential equations. Because it is almost entirely self-contained, these insights will be accessible to a wide audience of interested readers.Modulation Spaces will be an ideal reference for researchers in time-frequency analysis and nonlinear partial differential equations. It will also appeal to graduate students and seasoned researchers who seek an introduction to the time-frequency analysis of nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations.
Modules and the Structure of Rings: A Primer (Pure and Applied Mathematics #147)
by Tom Head Jonathan S. Golan<p>This textbook is designed for students with at least one solid semester of abstract algebra,some linear algebra background, and no previous knowledge of module theory. <i>Modules and the Structure of Rings</i> details the use of modules over a ring as a means of considering the structure of the ring itself--explaining the mathematics and "inductive reasoning" used in working on ring theory challenges and emphasizing modules instead of rings. <p>Stressing the inductive aspect of mathematical research underlying the formal deductive style of the literature, this volume offers vital background on current methods for solving hard classification problems of algebraic structures. Written in an informal but completely rigorous style, Modules and the Structure of Rings clarifies sophisticated proofs ... avoids the formalism of category theory ... aids independent study or seminar work ... and supplies end-of-chapter problems.This book serves as an excellent primary.text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in one-semester courses on ring or module theory-laying a foundation for more advanced study of homological algebra or module theory.</p>
Modulformen: Fundamentale Werkzeuge der Mathematik (essentials)
by Claudia Alfes-NeumannClaudia Alfes-Neumann behandelt in diesem essential Anwendungen der Theorie der Modulformen und ihre Bedeutung als grundlegende Werkzeuge in der Mathematik. Diese – zunächst rein analytisch definierten – Funktionen treten in sehr vielen Bereichen der Mathematik auf: sehr prominent in der Zahlentheorie, aber auch in der Geometrie, Kombinatorik, Darstellungstheorie und der Physik. Nach der Erläuterung notwendiger Grundlagen aus der komplexen Analysis definiert die Autorin Modulformen und zeigt einige Anwendungen in der Zahlentheorie. Des Weiteren greift sie zwei wichtige Aspekte der Theorie rund um Modulformen auf: Hecke-Operatoren und L-Funktionen von Modulformen. Den Abschluss des essentials bildet ein Ausblick auf reell-analytische Verallgemeinerungen von Modulformen, die in der aktuellen Forschung eine bedeutende Rolle spielen.
Moduli Spaces
by Leticia Brambila-Paz Oscar García-Prada Peter Newstead Richard P. ThomasModuli theory is the study of how objects, typically in algebraic geometry but sometimes in other areas of mathematics, vary in families and is fundamental to an understanding of the objects themselves. First formalised in the 1960s, it represents a significant topic of modern mathematical research with strong connections to many areas of mathematics (including geometry, topology and number theory) and other disciplines such as theoretical physics. This book, which arose from a programme at the Isaac Newton Institute in Cambridge, is an ideal way for graduate students and more experienced researchers to become acquainted with the wealth of ideas and problems in moduli theory and related areas. The reader will find articles on both fundamental material and cutting-edge research topics, such as: algebraic stacks; BPS states and the P = W conjecture; stability conditions; derived differential geometry; and counting curves in algebraic varieties, all written by leading experts.
Moduli Spaces, Virtual Invariants and Shifted Symplectic Structures (KIAS Springer Series in Mathematics #4)
by Young-Hoon KiemEnumerative geometry is a core area of algebraic geometry that dates back to Apollonius in the second century BCE. It asks for the number of geometric figures with desired properties and has many applications from classical geometry to modern physics. Typically, an enumerative geometry problem is solved by first constructing the space of all geometric figures of fixed type, called the moduli space, and then finding the subspace of objects satisfying the desired properties. Unfortunately, many moduli spaces from nature are highly singular, and an intersection theory is difficult to make sense of. However, they come with deeper structures, such as perfect obstruction theories, which enable us to define nice subsets, called virtual fundamental classes. Now, enumerative numbers, called virtual invariants, are defined as integrals against the virtual fundamental classes. Derived algebraic geometry is a relatively new area of algebraic geometry that is a natural generalization of Serre’s intersection theory in the 1950s and Grothendieck’s scheme theory in the 1960s. Many moduli spaces in enumerative geometry admit natural derived structures as well as shifted symplectic structures. The book covers foundations on derived algebraic and symplectic geometry. Then, it covers foundations on virtual fundamental classes and moduli spaces from a classical algebraic geometry point of view. Finally, it fuses derived algebraic geometry with enumerative geometry and covers the cutting-edge research topics about Donaldson–Thomas invariants in dimensions three and four.
Moduli of K-stable Varieties (Springer INdAM Series #31)
by Filippo Viviani Giulio Codogni Ruadhaí DervanThis volume is an outcome of the workshop "Moduli of K-stable Varieties", which was held in Rome, Italy in 2017. The content focuses on the existence problem for canonical Kähler metrics and links to the algebro-geometric notion of K-stability. The book includes both surveys on this problem, notably in the case of Fano varieties, and original contributions addressing this and related problems. The papers in the latter group develop the theory of K-stability; explore canonical metrics in the Kähler and almost-Kähler settings; offer new insights into the geometric significance of K-stability; and develop tropical aspects of the moduli space of curves, the singularity theory necessary for higher dimensional moduli theory, and the existence of minimal models. Reflecting the advances made in the area in recent years, the survey articles provide an essential overview of many of the most important findings. The book is intended for all advanced graduate students and researchers who want to learn about recent developments in the theory of moduli space, K-stability and Kähler-Einstein metrics.
Moduli of Vector Bundles (Lecture Notes In Pure And Applied Mathematics Ser.)
by Masaki Maruyama"Contains papers presented at the 35th Taniguchi International Symposium held recently in Sanda and Kyoto, Japan. Details the latest developments concerning moduli spaces of vector bundles or instantons and their application. Covers a broad array of topics in both differential and algebraic geometry."
Moja Means One: A Swahili Counting Book
by Muriel L. FeelingsA counting book that portrays the life and culture of Swahili-speaking Africa, with a brief text and dramatic illustrations. The numbers one through ten in Swahili accompany two-page illustrations of various aspects of East African life.
Molecular Data Analysis Using R
by Csaba Ortutay Zsuzsanna OrtutayThis book addresses the difficulties experienced by wet lab researchers with the statistical analysis of molecular biology related data. The authors explain how to use R and Bioconductor for the analysis of experimental data in the field of molecular biology. The content is based upon two university courses for bioinformatics and experimental biology students (Biological Data Analysis with R and High-throughput Data Analysis with R). The material is divided into chapters based upon the experimental methods used in the laboratories. Key features include:• Broad appeal--the authors target their material to researchers in several levels, ensuring that the basics are always covered.• First book to explain how to use R and Bioconductor for the analysis of several types of experimental data in the field of molecular biology.• Focuses on R and Bioconductor, which are widely used for data analysis. One great benefit of R and Bioconductor is that there is a vast user community and very active discussion in place, in addition to the practice of sharing codes. Further, R is the platform for implementing new analysis approaches, therefore novel methods are available early for R users.
Molecular Dynamics
by Ruben SantamariaThis molecular dynamics textbook takes the reader from classical mechanics to quantum mechanics and vice versa, and from few-body systems to many-body systems. It is self-contained, comprehensive, and builds the theory of molecular dynamics from basic principles to applications, allowing the subject to be appreciated by readers from physics, chemistry, and biology backgrounds while maintaining mathematical rigor. The book is enhanced with illustrations, problems and solutions, and suggested reading, making it ideal for undergraduate and graduate courses or self-study. With coverage of recent developments, the book is essential reading for students who explore and characterize phenomena at the atomic level. It is a useful reference for researchers in physics and chemistry, and can act as an entry point for researchers in nanoscience, materials engineering, genetics, and related fields who are seeking a deeper understanding of nature.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanostructured Materials: An Understanding of Mechanical Behavior
by Bankim Chandra Ray Snehanshu PalMolecular dynamics simulation is a significant technique to gain insight into the mechanical behavior of nanostructured (NS) materials and associated underlying deformation mechanisms at the atomic scale. The purpose of this book is to detect and correlate critically current achievements and properly assess the state of the art in the mechanical behavior study of NS material in the perspective of the atomic scale simulation of the deformation process. More precisely, the book aims to provide representative examples of mechanical behavior studies carried out using molecular dynamics simulations, which provide contributory research findings toward progress in the field of NS material technology.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Statistical Physics: Theory and Applications (Scientific Computation)
by Hiqmet KamberajThis book presents computer simulations using molecular dynamics techniques in statistical physics, with a focus on macromolecular systems. The numerical methods are introduced in the form of computer algorithms and can be implemented in computers using any desired computer programming language, such as Fortran 90, C/C++, and others. The book also explains how some of these numerical methods and their algorithms can be implemented in the existing computer programming software of macromolecular systems, such as the CHARMM program. In addition, it examines a number of advanced concepts of computer simulation techniques used in statistical physics as well as biological and physical systems. Discussing the molecular dynamics approach in detail to enhance readers understanding of the use of this method in statistical physics problems, it also describes the equations of motion in various statistical ensembles to mimic real-world experimental conditions. Intended for graduate students and research scientists working in the field of theoretical and computational biophysics, physics and chemistry, the book can also be used by postgraduate students of other disciplines, such as applied mathematics, computer sciences, and bioinformatics. Further, offering insights into fundamental theory, it as a valuable resource for expert practitioners and programmers and those new to the field.
Molecular Logic and Computational Synthetic Biology: First International Symposium, MLCSB 2018, Santiago, Chile, December 17–18, 2018, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11415)
by Madalena Chaves Manuel A. MartinsThis book collects the revised selected proceedings of the First International Symposium in Molecular Logic and Computational Synthetic Biology ( MLCSB), held in Chile, Santiago, in December 2018. The volume contains 7 full revised papers along with 2 surveys from 19 submissions presented at the symposium. One of the goals of the MLCSB 2018 was to explore the potential of molecular logic frameworks to study the emerging behavioural patterns in biological networks, combining discrete, continuous and stochastic features, and resorting both to specific or general-purpose analysis and verification techniques.
Molecular Mobility in Deforming Polymer Glasses: Theories and Applications (SpringerBriefs in Materials)
by Nikhil PadhyeThis book bridges disparate fields in an exploration of the phenomena and applications surrounding molecular mobility in glassy materials experiencing inelastic deformation. The subjects of plastic deformation and polymer motion/interdiffusion currently belong to the two different fields of continuum mechanics and polymer physics, respectively. However, molecular motion associated with plastic deformation is a key ingredient to gain fundamental understanding, both at the macroscopic and microscopic level. This short monograph provides necessary background in the aforementioned fields before addressing the topic of molecular mobility accompanied by macroscopic inelastic deformation in an accessible and easy-to-understand manner. A new phenomenon of solid-state deformation-induced bonding in polymers is discussed in detail, along with some broad implications in several manufacturing sectors. Open questions pertaining to mechanisms, mechanics, and modeling of deformation-induced bonding in polymers are presented. The book’s clear language and careful explanations will speak to readers of diverse backgrounds.
Molecular Modeling Basics
by Jan H. JensenMolecular modeling is becoming an increasingly important part of chemical research and education as computers become faster and programs become easier to use. The results, however, have not become easier to understand. Addressing the need for a "workshop-oriented" book, Molecular Modeling Basics provides the fundamental theory needed to understand
Molecular Modeling and Simulation: An Interdisciplinary Guide
by Tamar SchlickVery broad overview of the field intended for an interdisciplinary audience; Lively discussion of current challenges written in a colloquial style; Author is a rising star in this discipline; Suitably accessible for beginners and suitably rigorous for experts; Features extensive four-color illustrations; Appendices featuring homework assignments and reading lists complement the material in the main text