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People Who Count: Population and Politics, Women and Children (Routledge Library Editions: Demography #12)
by Dorothy SteinOriginally published in 1995, this book confronts the contentious political issues on all sides of the population debate, including immigration, demographic competition, gender ratios, reproductive research and children’s rights. The book argues that lower fertility rates are preferred by women themselves; are beneficial in their own right to both women and children; and should not be used as a bargaining chip in any other area of the development debate. Drawing on a large body of research in anthropology, child psychology and population studies the book presents evidence that the poor do not necessarily have large families as form of financial security, or to put them to work; people without offspring are less lonely in old age; immigration and refugee controls in the Northern Hemisphere have been more driven by politics than rational calculation and human rights; social security does not require a large cohort of young workers. This book is a challenging contribution to the development debate. It presents a persuasive case for policies which recognise hopeful trends in relieving the environmental and social pressures of a globally increasing population.
People on the Move: Studies on Internal Migration (Routledge Revivals)
by R. Mansell Prothero Leszek A. KosinskiOriginally published in 1975, this volume examines conceptual and theoretical aspects of the study of internal migration, both in chapters dealing specifically with theory and data and in case studies. The book discusses the question of who migrates, and why and what are the patterns of flow and direction of movement. The consequences of migration are analysed. Migration is one of the most difficult components of population change to conceptualize and measure and this book considers a wide range of aspects of migration and the problems connected with it.
People with Multiple Sclerosis: Condition, Challenges and Care
by Paul J. BullMultiple sclerosis is an incurable neurological disease of unknown cause with a fearful reputation for generating disability, unemployment, poverty and early death. This book critically surveys the current state of multiple sclerosis research, demonstrating the shortfall of current research undertaken on the lives of people with multiple sclerosis.
People, Places, and Mathematics: A Memoir (Springer Biographies)
by Thomas WardThis memoir chronicles the journey of an academic, tracing a path from primary school in Zambia to a career in higher education as a mathematician and educational leader. Set against the backdrop of the 20th century, the book explores how early influences and historical events shape an individual's life and professional trajectory. The author shares childhood experiences across three parts of Africa, providing an original perspective as a witness to the post-colonial period. Through personal reflections, the memoir delves into the emergence of ideas and collaborations in mathematics and how these shape career choices. It also offers candid observations on the major changes in British higher education since the 1980s. Intended for a general audience, this book provides a compelling read for anyone interested in the experience of becoming a mathematician, and higher education in general.
People-Party-Policy Interplay in India: Micro-dynamics of Everyday Politics in West Bengal, c. 2008 – 2016
by Suman NathThis book analyses the political transition in West Bengal, India, which witnessed longest democratically elected Left regime of the world. It examines and compares micro-dynamics of political practices in India and delineates underlying political themes of state politics. The author explores the politics of land reform and the anti-land-acquisition movements which were critical points in the contemporary history of Bengal in independent India. The volume further delves into the caste and communal politics which had been latent until the Left Front’s loss in the state, as well as the what sets apart politics in West Bengal from other Indian states. Based on thorough ethnographic research, this volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of South Asian studies, politics and political processes, sociology and social anthropology.
Perception of Family and Work in Low-Fertility East Asia (SpringerBriefs in Population Studies)
by Junji Kageyama Eriko TeramuraThis book is the first of its kind to incorporate subjective well-being (SWB) data to comprehensively explore perceptional factors that relate to fertility behavior in East Asia. The advantage of SWB data lies in the accessibility to rich information regarding perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. With this advantage, the book inquires into the perceptions toward family and work and explores the attitudes that lead to low fertility in the region.To this end, first a comparative analysis with international cross-sectional data is performed and the East Asian characteristics of family and work perceptions are documented. Then, three democracies in the region are focused on—Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan—to investigate the relationships between cultural orientations, work–life balance, and fertility outcomes with panel data. In addition, East Asian results are compared with those in India, which has also been experiencing a rapid transition from a traditional society to an industrial one. The results support the idea that the friction between persistent gender-based role divisions and socioeconomic transformation in East Asia makes it difficult for women to balance family and work, prompting fertility decline to the lowest-low level in the region.
Perceptual Image Coding with Discrete Cosine Transform
by Ee-Leng Tan Woon-Seng GanThis book first introduces classic as well as recent computational models for just-noticeable-difference (JND) applications. Since the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is applied in many image and video standards (JPEG, MPEG-1/2/4, H. 261/3), the book also includes a comprehensive survey of computational models for JND that are based on DCT. The visual factors used in these computational models are reviewed in detail. Further, an extensive comparative analysis of these models using quantitative and qualitative performance criteria is presented, which compares the noise shaping performance of these models with subjective evaluation and the accuracy between the estimated JND thresholds and subjective evaluation. There are many surveys available on computational models for JND; however, these surveys seldom compare the performance of computational models that are based on DCT. The authors' survey of the computational models and their in-depth review of the visual factors used in them will help readers understand perceptual image coding based on DCT. The book also provides a comparative analysis of several perceptual image coders that are based on DCT, which are compatible with the highly popular and widely adopted JPEG standard.
Percolation Theory Using Python (Lecture Notes in Physics #1029)
by Anders Malthe-SørenssenThis course-based open access textbook delves into percolation theory, examining the physical properties of random media—materials characterized by varying sizes of holes and pores. The focus is on both the mathematical foundations and the computational and statistical methods used in this field. Designed as a practical introduction, the book places particular emphasis on providing a comprehensive set of computational tools necessary for studying percolation theory. Readers will learn how to generate, analyze, and comprehend data and models, with detailed theoretical discussions complemented by accessible computer codes. The book's structure ensures a complete exploration of worked examples, encompassing theory, modeling, implementation, analysis, and the resulting connections between theory and analysis. Beginning with a simplified model system—a model porous medium—whose mathematical theory is well-established, the book subsequently applies the same framework to realistic random systems. Key topics covered include one- and infinite-dimensional percolation, clusters, scaling theory, diffusion in disordered media, and dynamic processes. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, this textbook serves as a foundational resource for understanding essential concepts in modern statistical physics, such as disorder, scaling, and fractal geometry.
Percolation in Spatial Networks: Spatial Network Models Beyond Nearest Neighbours Structures (Elements in Structure and Dynamics of Complex Networks)
by Shlomo Havlin Bnaya GrossPercolation theory is a well studied process utilized by networks theory to understand the resilience of networks under random or targeted attacks. Despite their importance, spatial networks have been less studied under the percolation process compared to the extensively studied non-spatial networks. In this Element, the authors will discuss the developments and challenges in the study of percolation in spatial networks ranging from the classical nearest neighbors lattice structures, through more generalized spatial structures such as networks with a distribution of edge lengths or community structure, and up to spatial networks of networks.
Perfect Numerical and Logical Test Results
by Joanna Moutafi Marianna Moutafi-Have you been asked to sit a numerical or logical reasoning test?-Do you need some help preparing for the questions you'll be asked?-Do you want to make sure you perform to the best of your abilities?Perfect Numerical and Logical Test Results is an essential guide for anyone who wants to secure their ideal job. Written by two experts in occupational and clinical psychology, it explains how numerical and logical tests work, gives helpful pointers to help you prepare for the big day, and provides professionally constructed sample questions so that you can practise at home. It also contains an in-depth section on online testing - the route that more and more recruiters are choosing to take. Whether you're a graduate looking to take the first step on the career ladder, or you're planning an all-important job change, Perfect Numerical and Logical Test Results has everything you need to make sure you stand out from the competition.The Perfect series is a range of practical guides that give clear and straightforward advice on everything from getting your first job to choosing your baby's name. Written by experienced authors offering tried-and-tested tips, each book contains all you need to get it right first time.
Perfect Powers—An Ode to Erdős (Infosys Science Foundation Series)
by Saradha NatarajanThe book explores and investigates a long-standing mathematical question whether a product of two or more positive integers in an arithmetic progression can be a square or a higher power. It investigates, more broadly, if a product of two or more positive integers in an arithmetic progression can be a square or a higher power. This seemingly simple question encompasses a wealth of mathematical theory that has intrigued mathematicians for centuries. Notably, Fermat stated that four squares cannot be in arithmetic progression. Euler expanded on this by proving that the product of four terms in an arithmetic progression cannot be a square. In 1724, Goldbach demonstrated that the product of three consecutive positive integers is never square, and Oblath extended this result in 1933 to five consecutive positive integers. The book addresses a conjecture of Erdős involving the corresponding exponential Diophantine equation and discusses various number theory methods used to approach a partial solution to this conjecture. This book discusses diverse ideas and techniques developed to tackle this intriguing problem. It begins with a discussion of a 1939 result by Erdős and Rigge, who independently proved that the product of two or more consecutive positive integers is never a square. Despite extensive efforts by numerous mathematicians and the application of advanced techniques, Erdős' conjecture remains unsolved. This book compiles many methods and results, providing readers with a comprehensive resource to inspire future research and potential solutions. Beyond presenting proofs of significant theorems, the book illustrates the methodologies and their limitations, offering a deep understanding of the complexities involved in this mathematical challenge.
Perfect Rigor: A Genius and the Mathematical Breakthrough of the Century
by Masha GessenA gripping and tragic tale that sheds rare light on the unique burden of genius In 2006, an eccentric Russian mathematician named Grigori Perelman solved the Poincare Conjecture, an extremely complex topological problem that had eluded the best minds for over a century. A prize of one million dollars was offered to anyone who could unravel it, but Perelman declined the winnings, and in doing so inspired journalist Masha Gessen to tell his story. Drawing on interviews with Perelman's teachers, classmates, coaches, teammates, and colleagues in Russia and the United States--and informed by her own background as a math whiz raised in Russia--Gessen uncovered a mind of unrivaled computational power, one that enabled Perelman to pursue mathematical concepts to their logical (sometimes distant) end. But she also discovered that this very strength turned out to be Perelman's undoing and the reason for his withdrawal, first from the world of mathematics and then, increasingly, from the world in general.
Perfect Simulation
by Mark L. HuberExact sampling, specifically coupling from the past (CFTP), allows users to sample exactly from the stationary distribution of a Markov chain. During its nearly 20 years of existence, exact sampling has evolved into perfect simulation, which enables high-dimensional simulation from interacting distributions.Perfect Simulation illustrates the applic
Perfectoid Spaces: Lectures From The 2017 Arizona Winter School (Infosys Science Foundation Series #242)
by Debargha Banerjee Kiran S. Kedlaya Ehud De Shalit Chitrabhanu ChaudhuriThis book contains selected chapters on perfectoid spaces, their introduction and applications, as invented by Peter Scholze in his Fields Medal winning work. These contributions are presented at the conference on “Perfectoid Spaces” held at the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Bengaluru, India, from 9–20 September 2019. The objective of the book is to give an advanced introduction to Scholze’s theory and understand the relation between perfectoid spaces and some aspects of arithmetic of modular (or, more generally, automorphic) forms such as representations mod p, lifting of modular forms, completed cohomology, local Langlands program, and special values of L-functions. All chapters are contributed by experts in the area of arithmetic geometry that will facilitate future research in the direction.
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Multi-Traffic on Communication Networks
by Leonid Ponomarenko Agassi Melikov Che Soong KimPromptly growing demand for telecommunication services and information interchange has led to the fact that communication became one of the most dynamical branches of an infrastructure of a modern society. The book introduces to the bases of classical MDP theory; problems of a finding optimal САС in models are investigated and various problems of improvement of characteristics of traditional and multimedia wireless communication networks are considered together with both classical and new methods of theory MDP which allow defining optimal strategy of access in teletraffic systems. The book will be useful to specialists in the field of telecommunication systems and also to students and post-graduate students of corresponding specialties.
Performance Analysis and Synthesis for Discrete-Time Stochastic Systems with Network-Enhanced Complexities
by Zidong Wang Derui Ding Guoliang WeiThe book addresses the system performance with a focus on the network-enhanced complexities and developing the engineering-oriented design framework of controllers and filters with potential applications in system sciences, control engineering and signal processing areas. Therefore, it provides a unified treatment on the analysis and synthesis for discrete-time stochastic systems with guarantee of certain performances against network-enhanced complexities with applications in sensor networks and mobile robotics. Such a result will be of great importance in the development of novel control and filtering theories including industrial impact. <P><P>Key Features <li>Provides original methodologies and emerging concepts to deal with latest issues in the control and filtering with an emphasis on a variety of network-enhanced complexities <li>Gives results of stochastic control and filtering distributed control and filtering, and security control of complex networked systems <li>Captures the essence of performance analysis and synthesis for stochastic control and filtering <li>Concepts and performance indexes proposed reflect the requirements of engineering practice <li>Methodologies developed in this book include backward recursive Riccati difference equation approach and the discrete-time version of input-to-state stability in probability
Performance Benchmarking
by Peter Bogetoft"In this book, Peter Bogetoft - THE expert on the theory and practice of benchmarking - provides an in-depth yet very accessible and readable explanation of the best way to do benchmarking, starting from the ground up." Rick Antle William S. Beinecke Professor of Accounting, Yale School of Management CFO, Compensation Valuation, Inc. "I highly recommend this well-written and comprehensive book on measuring and managing performance. Dr. Bogetoft summarizes the fundamental mathematical concepts in an elegant, intuitive, and understandable way." Jon A. Chilingerian Professor, Brandeis University and INSEAD "Bogetoft gives in his book Performance Benchmarking an excellent introduction to the methodological basis of benchmarking." Christian Parbøl Director, DONG Energy "This book is the primer on benchmarking for performance management." Albert Birck Business Performance Manager, Maersk Oil "This excellent book provides a non technical introduction for performance management." Misja Mikkers, Director, Dutch Health Care Authority "With this very well written and comprehensive introduction to the many facets of benchmarking in hand, organizations have no excuse for not applying the best and cost effective benchmarking methods in their performance assessments." Stig P. Christensen Senior R&D Director, COWI
Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking of Intelligent Systems
by Raj Madhavan Elena Messina Edward TunstelThis contributed volume is dedicated to the subject of performance evaluation and benchmarking of intelligent systems by drawing from the experiences and insights of experts gained both through theoretical development and practical implementation of intelligent systems in a variety of application domains. The chapters cover a range of applications, such as assistive robotics, planetary surveying, urban search and rescue, and line tracking for automotive assembly. Subsystems include human-robot interaction, multi-robot coordination, communications, perception, and mapping, Chapters also cover simulation support and open source software for cognitive platforms, providing examples of enabling underlying technologies that can help intelligent systems to propagate and increase in capabilities. Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking of Intelligent Systems serves as a professional reference for researchers and practitioners in a variety of fields.
Performance Modeling and Design of Computer Systems
by Mor Harchol-BalterComputer systems design is full of conundrums: •Given a choice between a single machine with speed s, or n machines each with speed s/n, which should we choose? •If both the arrival rate and service rate double, will the mean response time stay the same? •Should systems really aim to balance load, or is this a convenient myth? •If a scheduling policy favors one set of jobs, does it necessarily hurt some other jobs, or are these "conservation laws" being misinterpreted? •Do greedy, shortest-delay, routing strategies make sense in a server farm, or is what's good for the individual disastrous for the system as a whole? •How do high job size variability and heavy-tailed workloads affect the choice of a scheduling policy? •How should one trade off energy and delay in designing a computer system? •If 12 servers are needed to meet delay guarantees when the arrival rate is 9 jobs/sec, will we need 12,000 servers when the arrival rate is 9,000 jobs/sec?Tackling the questions that systems designers care about, this book brings queueing theory decisively back to computer science. The book is written with computer scientists and engineers in mind and is full of examples from computer systems, as well as manufacturing and operations research. Fun and readable, the book is highly approachable, even for undergraduates, while still being thoroughly rigorous and also covering a much wider span of topics than many queueing books. Readers benefit from a lively mix of motivation and intuition, with illustrations, examples, and more than 300 exercises - all while acquiring the skills needed to model, analyze, and design large-scale systems with good performance and low cost. The exercises are an important feature, teaching research-level counterintuitive lessons in the design of computer systems. The goal is to train readers not only to customize existing analyses but also to invent their own.
Performance Models and Risk Management in Communications Systems
by Berc Rustem Nalân Gülpınar Peter G. HarrisonThis volume covers recent developments in the design, operation, and management of mobile telecommunication and computer systems. Uncertainty regarding loading and system parameters leads to challenging optimization and robustness issues. Stochastic modeling combined with optimization theory ensures the optimum end-to-end performance of telecommunication or computer network systems. In view of the diverse design options possible, supporting models have many adjustable parameters and choosing the best set for a particular performance objective is delicate and time-consuming. An optimization based approach determines the optimal possible allocation for these parameters. Researchers and graduate students working at the interface of telecommunications and operations research will benefit from this book. Due to the practical approach, this book will also serve as a reference tool for scientists and engineers in telecommunication and computer networks who depend upon optimization.
Performance Optimization of Fault Diagnosis Methods for Power Systems (Engineering Applications of Computational Methods #9)
by Juan Zhang Dinghui Wu Junyan Fan Dandan TangThis book focuses on the performance optimization of fault diagnosis methods for power systems including both model-driven ones, such as the linear parameter varying algorithm, and data-driven ones, such as random matrix theory. Studies on fault diagnosis of power systems have long been the focus of electrical engineers and scientists. Pursuing a holistic approach to improve the accuracy and efficiency of existing methods, the underlying concepts toward several algorithms are introduced and then further applied in various situations for fault diagnosis of power systems in this book. The primary audience for the book would be the scholars and graduate students whose research topics including the control theory, applied mathematics, fault detection, and so on.
Performance Tasks and Rubrics for Middle School Mathematics: Meeting Rigorous Standards and Assessments (Math Performance Tasks)
by Elizabeth Marquez Charlotte DanielsonPerformance tasks are highly effective tools to assist you in implementing rigorous standards. But how do you create, evaluate, and use such tools? In this bestselling book, educational experts Charlotte Danielson and Elizabeth Marquez explain how to construct and apply performance tasks to gauge students’ deeper understanding of mathematical concepts at the middle school level. You’ll learn how to: Evaluate the quality of performance tasks, whether you’ve written them yourself or found them online; Use performance tasks for instructional decision-making and to prepare students for summative assessments; Create your own performance tasks, or adapt pre-made tasks to best suit students’ needs; Design and use scoring rubrics to evaluate complex performance tasks; Use your students’ results to communicate more effectively with parents. This must-have second edition is fully aligned to the Common Core State Standards and assessments and includes a variety of new performance tasks and rubrics, along with samples of student work. Additionally, downloadable student handout versions of all the performance tasks are available as free eResources from our website (www.routledge.com/9781138906914), so you can easily distribute them to your class.
Performance Tuning of Scientific Applications
by David H. Bailey Robert F. Lucas Samuel W. WilliamsWith contributions from some of the most notable experts in the field, Performance Tuning of Scientific Applications presents current research in performance analysis. The book focuses on the following areas.Performance monitoring: Describes the state of the art in hardware and software tools that are commonly used for monitoring and measuring perf
Performing Complexity: Building Foundations for the Practice of Complex Thinking (SpringerBriefs in Complexity)
by Ana Teixeira de MeloIn the face of growing challenges, we need modes of thinking that allow us to not only grasp complexity but also perform it. In this book, the author approaches complexity from the standpoint of a relational worldview. The author recasts complex thinking as a mode of coupling between an observer and the world. Further, she explores the process and outcome of that coupling, namely, meaningful information that may have transformative effects and impact the management of change in the ‘real world’. The author presents a new framework for operationalising complex thinking in a set of dimensions and properties through which it may be enacted. This framework may inform the development and coordination of new tools and strategies to support the practice and evaluation of complex thinking across a variety of domains. Intended for a wide interdisciplinary audience of academics, practitioners and policymakers alike, the book is an invitation to pursue inter- and transdisciplinary dialogues and collaborations.
Performing Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS
by Lawrence S. Meyers A. J. Guarino Glenn C. GamstFeatures easy-to-follow insight and clear guidelines to perform data analysis using IBM SPSS®Performing Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS® uniquely addresses the presented statistical procedures with an example problem, detailed analysis, and the related data sets. Data entry procedures, variable naming, and step-by-step instructions for all analyses are provided in addition to IBM SPSS point-and-click methods, including details on how to view and manipulate output.Designed as a user's guide for students and other interested readers to perform statistical data analysis with IBM SPSS, this book addresses the needs, level of sophistication, and interest in introductory statistical methodology on the part of readers in social and behavioral science, business, health-related, and education programs. Each chapter of Performing Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS covers a particular statistical procedure and offers the following: an example problem or analysis goal, together with a data set; IBM SPSS analysis with step-by-step analysis setup and accompanying screen shots; and IBM SPSS output with screen shots and narrative on how to read or interpret the results of the analysis.The book provides in-depth chapter coverage of:IBM SPSS statistical outputDescriptive statistics proceduresScore distribution assumption evaluationsBivariate correlationRegressing (predicting) quantitative and categorical variablesSurvival analysist TestANOVA and ANCOVAMultivariate group differencesMultidimensional scalingCluster analysisNonparametric procedures for frequency dataPerforming Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS is an excellent text for upper-undergraduate and graduate-level students in courses on social, behavioral, and health sciences as well as secondary education, research design, and statistics. Also an excellent reference, the book is ideal for professionals and researchers in the social, behavioral, and health sciences; applied statisticians; and practitioners working in industry.