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Practical Time Series Analysis in Natural Sciences (Progress in Geophysics)

by Victor Privalsky

This book presents an easy-to-use tool for time series analysis and allows the user to concentrate upon studying time series properties rather than upon how to calculate the necessary estimates. The two attached programs provide, in one run of the program, a time and frequency domain description of scalar or multivariate time series approximated with a sequence of autoregressive models of increasing orders. The optimal orders are chosen by five order selection criteria. The results for scalar time series include time domain stochastic difference equations, spectral density estimates, predictability properties, and a forecast of scalar time series based upon the Kolmogorov-Wiener theory. For the bivariate and trivariate time series, the results contain a time domain description with multivariate stochastic difference equations, statistical predictability criterion, and information for calculating feedback and Granger causality properties in the bivariate case. The frequency domain information includes spectral densities, ordinary, multiple, and partial coherence functions, ordinary and multiple coherent spectra, gain, phase, and time lag factors. The programs seem to be unique and using them does not require professional knowledge of theory of random processes. The book contains many examples including three from engineering.

Practical Time Series Analysis: Prediction with Statistics and Machine Learning

by Aileen Nielsen

Time series data analysis is increasingly important due to the massive production of such data through the internet of things, the digitalization of healthcare, and the rise of smart cities. As continuous monitoring and data collection become more common, the need for competent time series analysis with both statistical and machine learning techniques will increase.Covering innovations in time series data analysis and use cases from the real world, this practical guide will help you solve the most common data engineering and analysis challengesin time series, using both traditional statistical and modern machine learning techniques. Author Aileen Nielsen offers an accessible, well-rounded introduction to time series in both R and Python that will have data scientists, software engineers, and researchers up and running quickly.You’ll get the guidance you need to confidently:Find and wrangle time series dataUndertake exploratory time series data analysisStore temporal dataSimulate time series dataGenerate and select features for a time seriesMeasure errorForecast and classify time series with machine or deep learningEvaluate accuracy and performance

Practical Tools for Designing and Weighting Survey Samples

by Jill A. Dever Frauke Kreuter Richard Valliant

Survey sampling is fundamentally an applied field. The goal in this book is to put an array of tools at the fingertips of practitioners by explaining approaches long used by survey statisticians, illustrating how existing software can be used to solve survey problems, and developing some specialized software where needed. This book serves at least three audiences: (1) Students seeking a more in-depth understanding of applied sampling either through a second semester-long course or by way of a supplementary reference; (2) Survey statisticians searching for practical guidance on how to apply concepts learned in theoretical or applied sampling courses; and (3) Social scientists and other survey practitioners who desire insight into the statistical thinking and steps taken to design, select, and weight random survey samples. Several survey data sets are used to illustrate how to design samples, to make estimates from complex surveys for use in optimizing the sample allocation, and to calculate weights. Realistic survey projects are used to demonstrate the challenges and provide a context for the solutions. The book covers several topics that either are not included or are dealt with in a limited way in other texts. These areas include: sample size computations for multistage designs; power calculations related to surveys; mathematical programming for sample allocation in a multi-criteria optimization setting; nuts and bolts of area probability sampling; multiphase designs; quality control of survey operations; and statistical software for survey sampling and estimation. An associated R package, PracTools, contains a number of specialized functions for sample size and other calculations. The data sets used in the book are also available in PracTools, so that the reader may replicate the examples or perform further analyses.

Practical Tools for Designing and Weighting Survey Samples (Statistics For Social And Behavioral Sciences Ser. #51)

by Jill A. Dever Frauke Kreuter Richard Valliant

The goal of this book is to put an array of tools at the fingertips of students, practitioners, and researchers by explaining approaches long used by survey statisticians, illustrating how existing software can be used to solve survey problems, and developing some specialized software where needed. This volume serves at least three audiences: (1) students of applied sampling techniques; 2) practicing survey statisticians applying concepts learned in theoretical or applied sampling courses; and (3) social scientists and other survey practitioners who design, select, and weight survey samples. The text thoroughly covers fundamental aspects of survey sampling, such as sample size calculation (with examples for both single- and multi-stage sample design) and weight computation, accompanied by software examples to facilitate implementation. Features include step-by-step instructions for calculating survey weights, extensive real-world examples and applications, and representative programming code in R, SAS, and other packages. Since the publication of the first edition in 2013, there have been important developments in making inferences from nonprobability samples, in address-based sampling (ABS), and in the application of machine learning techniques for survey estimation. New to this revised and expanded edition: • Details on new functions in the PracTools package • Additional machine learning methods to form weighting classes • New coverage of nonlinear optimization algorithms for sample allocation • Reflecting effects of multiple weighting steps (nonresponse and calibration) on standard errors • A new chapter on nonprobability sampling • Additional examples, exercises, and updated references throughout Richard Valliant, PhD, is Research Professor Emeritus at the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan and at the Joint Program in Survey Methodology at the University of Maryland. He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association, an elected member of the International Statistical Institute, and has been an Associate Editor of the Journal of the American Statistical Association, Journal of Official Statistics, and Survey Methodology. Jill A. Dever, PhD, is Senior Research Statistician at RTI International in Washington, DC. She is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association, Associate Editor for Survey Methodology and the Journal of Official Statistics, and an Assistant Research Professor in the Joint Program in Survey Methodology at the University of Maryland. She has served on several panels for the National Academy of Sciences and as a task force member for the American Association of Public Opinion Research’s report on nonprobability sampling. Frauke Kreuter, PhD, is Professor and Director of the Joint Program in Survey Methodology at the University of Maryland, Professor of Statistics and Methodology at the University of Mannheim, and Head of the Statistical Methods Research Department at the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) in Nürnberg, Germany. She is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and has been Associate Editor of the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Journal of Official Statistics, Sociological Methods and Research, Survey Research Methods, Public Opinion Quarterly, American Sociological Review, and the Stata Journal. She is founder of the International Program for Survey and Data Science and co-founder of the Coleridge Initiative.

Practical mathematics in a commercial metropolis

by Ad Meskens

Describes the development and the ultimate demise of the practice of mathematics in sixteenth century Antwerp. Against the background of the violent history of the Religious Wars the story of the practice of mathematics in Antwerp is told through the lives of two protagonists Michiel Coignet and Peeter Heyns. The book touches on all aspects of practical mathematics from teaching and instrument making to the practice of building fortifications of the practice of navigation.

Practically Speaking: A Dictionary of Quotations on Engineering, Technology and Architecture

by C.C. Gaither Alma E Cavazos-Gaither

This book brings together over 1,100 quotes pertinent and illuminating to engineering, technology and architecture. It includes extensive author and subject indexes for locating quotations. The book can be read for entertainment or used as a handy reference by students and professional engineers.

Practice And Homework Journal Grade 1 (Into Math)

by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

NIMAC-sourced textbook

Practice of Bayesian Probability Theory in Geotechnical Engineering

by Zhen-Yu Yin Ka-Veng Yuen Wan-Huan Zhou

This book introduces systematically the application of Bayesian probabilistic approach in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. Four typical problems are analyzed by using Bayesian probabilistic approach, i.e., to model the effect of initial void ratio on the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) of unsaturated soil, to select the optimal model for the prediction of the creep behavior of soft soil under one-dimensional straining, to identify model parameters of soils and to select constitutive model of soils considering critical state concept. This book selects the simple and easy-to-understand Bayesian probabilistic algorithm, so that readers can master the Bayesian method to analyze and solve the problem in a short time. In addition, this book provides MATLAB codes for various algorithms and source codes for constitutive models so that readers can directly analyze and practice.This book is useful as a postgraduate textbook for civil engineering, hydraulic engineering, transportation, railway, engineering geology and other majors in colleges and universities, and as an elective course for senior undergraduates. It is also useful as a reference for relevant professional scientific researchers and engineers.

Practice of Constitutive Modelling for Saturated Soils

by Pierre-Yves Hicher Zhen-Yu Yin Yin-Fu Jin

This book describes the development of a constitutive modeling platform for soil testing, which is one of the key components in geomechanics and geotechnics. It discusses the fundamentals of the constitutive modeling of soils and illustrates the use of these models to simulate various laboratory tests. To help readers understand the fundamentals and modeling of soil behaviors, it first introduces the general stress–strain relationship of soils and the principles and modeling approaches of various laboratory tests, before examining the ideas and formulations of constitutive models of soils. Moving on to the application of constitutive models, it presents a modeling platform with a practical, simple interface, which includes various kinds of tests and constitutive models ranging from clay to sand, that is used for simulating most kinds of laboratory tests. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate-level teaching in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering and other related engineering specialties. Thanks to the inclusion of real-world applications, it is also of use to industry practitioners, opening the door to advanced courses on modeling within the industrial engineering and operations research fields.

Practice of Statistics in the Life Sciences, Digital Update

by David S. Moore Brigitte Baldi

The Practice of Statistics in the Life Sciences helps students understand how to apply essential statistical skills across life sciences including nursing, public health, and allied health.

Practice-Oriented Research in Tertiary Mathematics Education (Advances in Mathematics Education)

by Chris Rasmussen Ghislaine Gueudet Rolf Biehler Carl Winsløw Michael Liebendörfer

This edited volume presents a broad range of original practice-oriented research studies about tertiary mathematics education. These are based on current theoretical frameworks and on established and innovative empirical research methods. It provides a relevant overview of current research, along with being a valuable resource for researchers in tertiary mathematics education, including novices in the field. Its practice orientation research makes it attractive to university mathematics teachers interested in getting access to current ideas and results, including theory-based and empirically evaluated teaching and learning innovations.The content of the book is spread over 5 sections: The secondary-tertiary transition; University students' mathematical practices and mathematical inquiry; Research on teaching and curriculum design; University students’ mathematical inquiry and Mathematics for non-specialists.

Practice: Mathematics Applications and Concepts, Course 1

by McGraw-Hill

Practice: Skills Workbook provides ample exercises to help students develop computational skills, lesson by lesson.

Practice: Mathematics Applications and Concepts, Course 1

by McGraw-Hill

Practice: Word Problems mimics the verbal problems in each lesson at an average level.

Practicing R for Statistical Computing

by Muhammad Aslam Muhammad Imdad Ullah

This book is designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to R programming for data analysis, manipulation and presentation. It covers fundamental data structures such as vectors, matrices, arrays and lists, along with techniques for exploratory data analysis, data transformation and manipulation. The book explains basic statistical concepts and demonstrates their implementation using R, including descriptive statistics, graphical representation of data, probability, popular probability distributions and hypothesis testing. It also explores linear and non-linear modeling, model selection and diagnostic tools in R. The book also covers flow control and conditional calculations by using ‘‘if’’ conditions and loops and discusses useful functions and resources for further learning. It provides an extensive list of functions grouped according to statistics classification, which can be helpful for both statisticians and R programmers. The use of different graphic devices, high-level and low-level graphical functions and adjustment of parameters are also explained. Throughout the book, R commands, functions and objects are printed in a different font for easy identification. Common errors, warnings and mistakes in R are also discussed and classified with explanations on how to prevent them.

Practitioner’s Guide to Data Science (Chapman & Hall/CRC Data Science Series)

by Ming Li Hui Lin

This book aims to increase the visibility of data science in real-world, which differs from what you learn from a typical textbook. Many aspects of day-to-day data science work are almost absent from conventional statistics, machine learning, and data science curriculum. Yet these activities account for a considerable share of the time and effort for data professionals in the industry. Based on industry experience, this book outlines real-world scenarios and discusses pitfalls that data science practitioners should avoid. It also covers the big data cloud platform and the art of data science, such as soft skills. The authors use R as the primary tool and provide code for both R and Python. This book is for readers who want to explore possible career paths and eventually become data scientists. This book comprehensively introduces various data science fields, soft and programming skills in data science projects, and potential career paths. Traditional data-related practitioners such as statisticians, business analysts, and data analysts will find this book helpful in expanding their skills for future data science careers. Undergraduate and graduate students from analytics-related areas will find this book beneficial to learn real-world data science applications. Non-mathematical readers will appreciate the reproducibility of the companion R and python codes. Key Features: • It covers both technical and soft skills. • It has a chapter dedicated to the big data cloud environment. For industry applications, the practice of data science is often in such an environment. • It is hands-on. We provide the data and repeatable R and Python code in notebooks. Readers can repeat the analysis in the book using the data and code provided. We also suggest that readers modify the notebook to perform analyses with their data and problems, if possible. The best way to learn data science is to do it!

Pragmatics of Uncertainty (Chapman & Hall/CRC Texts in Statistical Science)

by Joseph B. Kadane

A fair question to ask of an advocate of subjective Bayesianism (which the author is) is "how would you model uncertainty?" In this book, the author writes about how he has done it using real problems from the past, and offers additional comments about the context in which he was working.

Prandtl Equations and Related Boundary Layer Equations

by Yuming Qin Xiaolei Dong Xiuqing Wang

This book aims to present some recent results on Prandtl equations and MHD boundary layer equations. This book is essentially divided into two parts. Chapter 1 as the first part systematically surveys the results till 2020 on Prandtl equations and MHD boundary layer equations. Chapter 2 to 6 are the main part of the book, which presents the local and the global well-posedness of solutions to the Prandtl equations and MHD boundary layer equations. In detail, Chapter 2 is concerned with global well-posedness of solutions to the 2D Prandtl-Hartmann equations in an analytic framework. Chapter 3 investigates the local existence of solutions to the 2D Prandtl equations in a weighted Sobolev space. Chapter 4 studies the local well-posedness of solutions to the 2D mixed Prandtl equations in a Sobolev space without monotonicity and lower bound. Chapter 5 is concerned with global existence of solutions to the 2D magnetic Prandtl equations in the Prandtl-Hartmann regime. Chapter 6 proves the local existence of solutions to the 3D Prandtl equations with a special structure. Mathematicians and physicists who are interested in fluid dynamics will find this book helpful.

Prawitz's Epistemic Grounding: An Investigation into the Power of Deduction (Synthese Library #469)

by Antonio Piccolomini d’Aragona

This book presents an in-depth and critical reconstruction of Prawitz’s epistemic grounding, and discusses it within the broader field of proof-theoretic semantics. The theory of grounds is also provided with a formal framework, through which several relevant results are proved. Investigating Prawitz’s theory of grounds, this work answers one of the most fundamental questions in logic: why and how do some inferences have the epistemic power to compel us to accept their conclusion, if we have accepted their premises? Prawitz proposes an innovative description of inferential acts, as applications of constructive operations on grounds for the premises, yielding a ground for the conclusion.The book is divided into three parts. In the first, the author discusses the reasons that have led Prawitz to abandon his previous semantics of valid arguments and proofs. The second part presents Prawitz’s grounding as found in his ground-theoretic papers. Finally, in the third part, a formal apparatus is developed, consisting of a class of languages whose terms are equipped with denotation functions associating them to operations and grounds, as well as of a class of systems where important properties of the terms can be proved.

Pre Algebra Grade 8 Student Activities Manual

by Larry Lemon

Pre Algebra: A Student Workbook For Beginning Algebra

by Magic Classroom

This workbook provides a complete review of Pre Algebra and Beginning Algebra.

Pre Ged® Test Preparation Reasoning Mathematical Reasoning (Steck-vaughn Pre-ged Ser.)

by Steck-Vaughn Company

Focuses on the three major skill sets that appear on the GED Reasoning through language arts test: Reading comprehension, Writing on extended response, Language conventions and usage.

Pre-AP® Algebra 1 Student Resources Unit 1: Linear Functions and Linear Equations

by College Board

The Pre-AP Algebra 1 course is designed to deepen students’ understanding of linear relationships by emphasizing patterns of change, multiple representations of functions and equations, modeling real world scenarios with functions, and methods for finding and representing solutions of equations and inequalities. Taken together, these ideas provide a powerful set of conceptual tools that students can use to make sense of their world through mathematics. The Key concepts of Unit 1 are: Constant rate of change and slope, Linear functions, Linear equations, Linear models of nonlinear scenarios, Two-variable linear inequalities.

Pre-AP® Algebra 1 Student Resources Unit 2: Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities

by College Board

The Pre-AP Algebra 1 course is designed to deepen students’ understanding of linear relationships by emphasizing patterns of change, multiple representations of functions and equations, modeling real world scenarios with functions, and methods for finding and representing solutions of equations and inequalities. Taken together, these ideas provide a powerful set of conceptual tools that students can use to make sense of their world through mathematics. The Key concepts of Unit 2 are: The solution to a system of equations, Solving a system of linear equations algebraically, Modeling with systems of linear equations, Systems of linear inequalities.

Pre-AP® Algebra 1 Student Resources Unit 3: Quadratic Functions

by College Board

The Pre-AP Algebra 1 course is designed to deepen students’ understanding of linear relationships by emphasizing patterns of change, multiple representations of functions and equations, modeling real world scenarios with functions, and methods for finding and representing solutions of equations and inequalities. Taken together, these ideas provide a powerful set of conceptual tools that students can use to make sense of their world through mathematics. The Key concepts of Unit 3 are: Functions with a linear rate of change, The algebra and geometry of quadratic functions, Solving quadratic equations, Modeling with quadratic functions.

Pre-AP® Algebra 1 Student Resources Unit 4: Exponent Properties and Exponential Functions

by College Board

The Pre-AP Algebra 1 course is designed to deepen students’ understanding of linear relationships by emphasizing patterns of change, multiple representations of functions and equations, modeling real world scenarios with functions, and methods for finding and representing solutions of equations and inequalities. Taken together, these ideas provide a powerful set of conceptual tools that students can use to make sense of their world through mathematics. The Key concepts of Unit 4 are: Exponent rules and properties, Roots of real numbers, Sequences with multiplicative patterns, Exponential growth and decay.

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