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R kompakt: Der schnelle Einstieg in die Datenanalyse
by Daniel WollschlägerDieses Buch bietet eine kompakte Einführung in die Datenauswertung mit der freien Statistikumgebung R. Ziel ist es dabei, einen Überblick über die Funktionalität von R zu liefern und einen schnellen Einstieg in die deskriptive Datenauswertung sowie in die Umsetzung der wichtigsten statistischen Tests zu ermöglichen. Zudem deckt das Buch die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten ab, Diagramme zu erstellen, Daten mit anderen Programmen auszutauschen und R durch Zusatzpakete zu erweitern. Das Buch ist damit für Leser geeignet, die R kennenlernen und rasch in konkreten Aufgabenstellungen einsetzen möchten.Für die 3. Auflage wurde das Buch grundlegend überarbeitet und auf Neuerungen der R Version 4.1.0 sowie der aktuellen Landschaft der Zusatzpakete abgestimmt. Mit einer stärkeren Ausrichtung auf Data Science Anwendungen stellt das Buch nun ausführlich die Pakete dplyr zur Datenaufbereitung und ggplot2 für Diagramme vor. Darüber hinaus enthält das Buch eine Darstellung von dynamischen R Markdown Dokumenten zur Unterstützung reproduzierbarer Auswertungen.
R Markdown: The Definitive Guide (Chapman & Hall/CRC The R Series)
by Garrett Grolemund J. J. Allaire Yihui Xie<p>R Markdown: The Definitive Guide is the first official book authored by the core R Markdown developers that provides a comprehensive and accurate reference to the R Markdown ecosystem. With R Markdown, you can easily create reproducible data analysis reports, presentations, dashboards, interactive applications, books, dissertations, websites, and journal articles, while enjoying the simplicity of Markdown and the great power of R and other languages. <p>In this book, you will learn <p> <li>Basics: Syntax of Markdown and R code chunks, how to generate figures and tables, and how to use other computing languages <li>Built-in output formats of R Markdown: PDF/HTML/Word/RTF/Markdown documents and ioslides/Slidy/Beamer/PowerPoint presentations <li>Extensions and applications: Dashboards, Tufte handouts, xaringan/reveal.js presentations, websites, books, journal articles, and interactive tutorials <li>Advanced topics: Parameterized reports, HTML widgets, document templates, custom output formats, and Shiny documents. </p></li> <P><P><i>Advisory: This book offers only partial accessibility. We have kept it in the collection because it is useful for some of our members. Benetech is actively working on projects to improve accessibility issues such as these in the future.</i>
R Markdown Cookbook (Chapman & Hall/CRC The R Series)
by Yihui Xie Christophe Dervieux Emily RiedererThis new book written by the developers of R Markdown is an essential reference that will help users learn and make full use of the software. Those new to R Markdown will appreciate the short, practical examples that address the most common issues users encounter. Frequent users will also benefit from the wide ranging tips and tricks that expose ‘hidden’ features, support customization and demonstrate the many new and varied applications of the software. After reading this book users will learn how to: Enhance your R Markdown content with diagrams, citations, and dynamically generated text Streamline your workflow with child documents, code chunk references, and caching Control the formatting and layout with Pandoc markdown syntax or by writing custom HTML and LaTeX templates Utilize chunk options and hooks to fine-tune how your code is processed Switch between different language engineers to seamlessly incorporate python, D3, and more into your analysis
R Packages
by Hadley WickhamTurn your R code into packages that others can easily download and use. This practical book shows you how to bundle reusable R functions, sample data, and documentation together by applying author Hadley Wickham's package development philosophy. In the process, you'll work with devtools, roxygen, and testthat, a set of R packages that automate common development tasks. Devtools encapsulates best practices that Hadley has learned from years of working with this programming language.Ideal for developers, data scientists, and programmers with various backgrounds, this book starts you with the basics and shows you how to improve your package writing over time. You'll learn to focus on what you want your package to do, rather than think about package structure.Learn about the most useful components of an R package, including vignettes and unit testsAutomate anything you can, taking advantage of the years of development experience embodied in devtoolsGet tips on good style, such as organizing functions into filesStreamline your development process with devtoolsLearn the best way to submit your package to the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN)Learn from a well-respected member of the R community who created 30 R packages, including ggplot2, dplyr, and tidyr
R Packages: Organize, Test, Document, and Share Your Code
by Hadley Wickham Jennifer BryanTurn your R code into packages that others can easily install and use. With this fully updated edition, developers and data scientists will learn how to bundle reusable R functions, sample data, and documentation together by applying the package development philosophy used by the team that maintains the "tidyverse" suite of packages. In the process, you'll learn how to automate common development tasks using a set of R packages, including devtools, usethis, testthat, and roxygen2.Authors Hadley Wickham and Jennifer Bryan from Posit (formerly known as RStudio) help you create packages quickly, then teach you how to get better over time. You'll be able to focus on what you want your package to do as you progressively develop greater mastery of the structure of a package.With this book, you will:Learn the key components of an R package, including code, documentation, and testsStreamline your development process with devtools and the RStudio IDEGet tips on effective habits such as organizing functions into filesGet caught up on important new features in the devtools ecosystemLearn about the art and science of unit testing, using features in the third edition of testthatTurn your existing documentation into a beautiful and user friendly website with pkgdownGain an appreciation of the benefits of modern code hosting platforms, such as GitHub
R Primer (Chapman & Hall/CRC The R Series)
by Claus Thorn EkstromNewcomers to R are often intimidated by the command-line interface, the vast number of functions and packages, or the processes of importing data and performing a simple statistical analysis. The R Primer provides a collection of concise examples and solutions to R problems frequently encountered by new users of this statistical software. This new edition adds coverage of R Studio and reproducible research.
The R Primer
by Claus Thorn EkstromNewcomers to R are often intimidated by the command-line interface, the vast number of functions and packages, or the processes of importing data and performing a simple statistical analysis. The R Primer provides a collection of concise examples and solutions to R problems frequently encountered by new users of this statistical software.Rather tha
R Programming: Statistical Data Analysis in Research
by Samira Hosseini Kingsley OkoyeThis book is written for statisticians, data analysts, programmers, researchers, professionals, and general consumers on how to perform different types of statistical data analysis for research purposes using R object-oriented programming language and RStudio integrated development environment (IDE). R is an open-source software with a development environment (RStudio) for computing statistics and graphical displays through data manipulation, modeling, and calculation. R packages and supported libraries provide a wide range of functions for programming and analyzing of data. Unlike many of the existing statistical software, R has the added benefit of allowing the users to write more efficient codes by using command-line scripting and vectors. It has several built-in functions and libraries that are extensible and allows the users to define their own (customized) functions on how they expect the program to behave while handling the data, which can also be stored in the simple object system. Therefore, this book serves as both textbook and manual for R statistics particularly in academic research, data analytics, and computer programming targeted to help inform and guide the work of the users. It provides information about different types of statistical data analysis and methods, and the best scenarios for use of each case in R. It gives a hands-on step-by-step practical guide on how to identify and conduct the different parametric and nonparametric procedures. This includes a description of the different conditions or assumptions that are necessary for performing the various statistical methods or tests, and how to understand the results of the methods. The book also covers the different data formats and sources, and how to test for the reliability and validity of the available datasets. Different research experiments, case scenarios, and examples are explained in this book. The book provides a comprehensive description and step-by-step practical hands-on guide to carrying out the different types of statistical analysis in R particularly for research purposes with examples. Ranging from how to import and store datasets in R as objects, how to code and call the methods or functions for manipulating the datasets or objects, factorization, and vectorization, to better reasoning, interpretation, and storage of the results for future use, and graphical visualizations and representations thus congruence of Statistics and Computer programming in Research.
R Programming and Its Applications in Financial Mathematics
by Shuichi Ohsaki Jori Ruppert-Felsot Daisuke YoshikawaThis book provides an introduction to R programming and a summary of financial mathematics. <P><P>It is not always easy for graduate students to grasp an overview of the theory of finance in an abstract form. For newcomers to the finance industry, it is not always obvious how to apply the abstract theory to the real financial data they encounter. Introducing finance theory alongside numerical applications makes it easier to grasp the subject. <P><P>Popular programming languages like C++, which are used in many financial applications are meant for general-purpose requirements. They are good for implementing large-scale distributed systems for simultaneously valuing many financial contracts, but they are not as suitable for small-scale ad-hoc analysis or exploration of financial data. The R programming language overcomes this problem. R can be used for numerical applications including statistical analysis, time series analysis, numerical methods for pricing financial contracts, etc. <P><P>This book provides an overview of financial mathematics with numerous examples numerically illustrated using the R programming language.
R Programming By Example: Practical, hands-on projects to help you get started with R
by Omar Trejo Peter C. FigliozziKey Features Get a firm hold on the fundamentals of R through practical hands-on examples Get started with good R programming fundamentals for data science Exploit the different libraries of R to build interesting applications in R Book Description R is a high-level statistical language and is widely used among statisticians and data miners to develop analytical applications. Often, data analysis people with great analytical skills lack solid programming knowledge and are unfamiliar with the correct ways to use R. Based on the version 3.4, this book will help you develop strong fundamentals when working with R by taking you through a series of full representative examples, giving you a holistic view of R. We begin with the basic installation and configuration of the R environment. As you progress through the exercises, you'll become thoroughly acquainted with R's features and its packages. With this book, you will learn about the basic concepts of R programming, work efficiently with graphs, create publication-ready and interactive 3D graphs, and gain a better understanding of the data at hand. The detailed step-by-step instructions will enable you to get a clean set of data, produce good visualizations, and create reports for the results. It also teaches you various methods to perform code profiling and performance enhancement with good programming practices, delegation, and parallelization. By the end of this book, you will know how to efficiently work with data, create quality visualizations and reports, and develop code that is modular, expressive, and maintainable. What you will learn Discover techniques to leverage R’s features, and work with packages Perform a descriptive analysis and work with statistical models using R Work efficiently with objects without using loops Create diverse visualizations to gain better understanding of the data Understand ways to produce good visualizations and create reports for the results Read and write data from relational databases and REST APIs, both packaged and unpackaged Improve performance by writing better code, delegating that code to a more efficient programming language, or making it parallel
R Programming for Actuarial Science
by Peter McQuire Alfred KumeR Programming for Actuarial Science Professional resource providing an introduction to R coding for actuarial and financial mathematics applications, with real-life examples R Programming for Actuarial Science provides a grounding in R programming applied to the mathematical and statistical methods that are of relevance for actuarial work. In R Programming for Actuarial Science, readers will find: Basic theory for each chapter to complement other actuarial textbooks which provide foundational theory in depth. Topics covered include compound interest, statistical inference, asset-liability matching, time series, loss distributions, contingencies, mortality models, and option pricing plus many more typically covered in university courses. More than 400 coding examples and exercises, most with solutions, to enable students to gain a better understanding of underlying mathematical and statistical principles. An overall basic to intermediate level of coverage in respect of numerous actuarial applications, and real-life examples included with every topic. Providing a highly useful combination of practical discussion and basic theory, R Programming for Actuarial Science is an essential reference for BSc/MSc students in actuarial science, trainee actuaries studying privately, and qualified actuaries with little programming experience, along with undergraduate students studying finance, business, and economics.
R Programming for Bioinformatics (Chapman & Hall/CRC Computer Science & Data Analysis)
by Robert GentlemanDue to its data handling and modeling capabilities as well as its flexibility, R is becoming the most widely used software in bioinformatics. R Programming for Bioinformatics explores the programming skills needed to use this software tool for the solution of bioinformatics and computational biology problems.Drawing on the author's first-hand exper
R Projects For Dummies
by Joseph SchmullerMake the most of R’s extensive toolset R Projects For Dummies offers a unique learn-by-doing approach. You will increase the depth and breadth of your R skillset by completing a wide variety of projects. By using R’s graphics, interactive, and machine learning tools, you’ll learn to apply R’s extensive capabilities in an array of scenarios. The depth of the project experience is unmatched by any other content online or in print. And you just might increase your statistics knowledge along the way, too! R is a free tool, and it’s the basis of a huge amount of work in data science. It's taking the place of costly statistical software that sometimes takes a long time to learn. One reason is that you can use just a few R commands to create sophisticated analyses. Another is that easy-to-learn R graphics enable you make the results of those analyses available to a wide audience. This book will help you sharpen your skills by applying them in the context of projects with R, including dashboards, image processing, data reduction, mapping, and more. Appropriate for R users at all levels Helps R programmers plan and complete their own projects Focuses on R functions and packages Shows how to carry out complex analyses by just entering a few commands If you’re brand new to R or just want to brush up on your skills, R Projects For Dummies will help you complete your projects with ease.
R Quick Syntax Reference: A Pocket Guide to the Language, APIs and Library
by Margot TollefsonThis handy reference book detailing the intricacies of R updates the popular first edition by adding R version 3.4 and 3.5 features. Starting with the basic structure of R, the book takes you on a journey through the terminology used in R and the syntax required to make R work. You will find looking up the correct form for an expression quick and easy. Some of the new material includes information on RStudio, S4 syntax, working with character strings, and an example using the Twitter API.With a copy of the R Quick Syntax Reference in hand, you will find that you are able to use the multitude of functions available in R and are even able to write your own functions to explore and analyze data.What You Will LearnDiscover the modes and classes of R objects and how to use themUse both packaged and user-created functions in R Import/export data and create new data objects in RCreate descriptive functions and manipulate objects in RTake advantage of flow control and conditional statementsWork with packages such as base, stats, and graphicsWho This Book Is ForThose with programming experience, either new to R, or those with at least some exposure to R but who are new to the latest version.
The R Software
by Pierre Lafaye de Micheaux Rémy Drouilhet Benoit LiquetThe contents of The R Software are presented so as to be both comprehensive and easy for the reader to use. Besides its application as a self-learning text, this book can support lectures on R at any level from beginner to advanced. This book can serve as a textbook on R for beginners as well as more advanced users, working on Windows, MacOs or Linux OSes. The first part of the book deals with the heart of the R language and its fundamental concepts, including data organization, import and export, various manipulations, documentation, plots, programming and maintenance. The last chapter in this part deals with oriented object programming as well as interfacing R with C/C++ or Fortran, and contains a section on debugging techniques. This is followed by the second part of the book, which provides detailed explanations on how to perform many standard statistical analyses, mainly in the Biostatistics field. Topics from mathematical and statistical settings that are included are matrix operations, integration, optimization, descriptive statistics, simulations, confidence intervals and hypothesis testing, simple and multiple linear regression, and analysis of variance. Each statistical chapter in the second part relies on one or more real biomedical data sets, kindly made available by the Bordeaux School of Public Health (Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement - ISPED) and described at the beginning of the book. Each chapter ends with an assessment section: memorandum of most important terms, followed by a section of theoretical exercises (to be done on paper), which can be used as questions for a test. Moreover, worksheets enable the reader to check his new abilities in R. Solutions to all exercises and worksheets are included in this book.
R Statistics Cookbook: Over 100 recipes for performing complex statistical operations with R 3.5
by Francisco JuretigSolve real-world statistical problems using the most popular R packages and techniques Key Features Learn how to apply statistical methods to your everyday research with handy recipes Foster your analytical skills and interpret research across industries and business verticals Perform t-tests, chi-squared tests, and regression analysis using modern statistical techniques Book Description R is a popular programming language for developing statistical software. This book will be a useful guide to solving common and not-so-common challenges in statistics. With this book, you'll be equipped to confidently perform essential statistical procedures across your organization with the help of cutting-edge statistical tools. You'll start by implementing data modeling, data analysis, and machine learning to solve real-world problems. You'll then understand how to work with nonparametric methods, mixed effects models, and hidden Markov models. This book contains recipes that will guide you in performing univariate and multivariate hypothesis tests, several regression techniques, and using robust techniques to minimize the impact of outliers in data.You'll also learn how to use the caret package for performing machine learning in R. Furthermore, this book will help you understand how to interpret charts and plots to get insights for better decision making. By the end of this book, you will be able to apply your skills to statistical computations using R 3.5. You will also become well-versed with a wide array of statistical techniques in R that are extensively used in the data science industry. What you will learn Become well versed with recipes that will help you interpret plots with R Formulate advanced statistical models in R to understand its concepts Perform Bayesian regression to predict models and input missing data Use time series analysis for modelling and forecasting temporal data Implement a range of regression techniques for efficient data modelling Get to grips with robust statistics and hidden Markov models Explore ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and perform hypothesis testing Who this book is for If you are a quantitative researcher, statistician, data analyst, or data scientist looking to tackle various challenges in statistics, this book is what you need! Proficiency in R programming and basic knowledge of linear algebra is necessary to follow along the recipes covered in this book.
R-ticulate: A Beginner's Guide to Data Analysis for Natural Scientists
by Martin Bader Sebastian LeuzingerAn accessible learning resource that develops data analysis skills for natural science students in an efficient style using the R programming language R-ticulate: A Beginner’s Guide to Data Analysis for Natural Scientists is a compact, example-based, and user-friendly statistics textbook without unnecessary frills, but instead filled with engaging, relatable examples, practical tips, online exercises, resources, and references to extensions, all on a level that follows contemporary curricula taught in large parts of the world. The content structure is unique in the sense that statistical skills are introduced at the same time as software (programming) skills in R. This is by far the best way of teaching from the authors’ experience. Readers of this introductory text will find: Explanations of statistical concepts in simple, easy-to-understand language A variety of approaches to problem solving using both base R and tidyverse Boxes dedicated to specific topics and margin text that summarizes key points A clearly outlined schedule organized into 12 chapters corresponding to the 12 semester weeks of most universities While at its core a traditional printed book, R-ticulate: A Beginner’s Guide to Data Analysis for Natural Scientists comes with a wealth of online teaching material, making it an ideal and efficient reference for students who wish to gain a thorough understanding of the subject, as well as for instructors teaching related courses.
R Visualizations: Derive Meaning from Data
by David GerbingR Visualizations: Derive Meaning from Data focuses on one of the two major topics of data analytics: data visualization, a.k.a., computer graphics. In the book, major R systems for visualization are discussed, organized by topic and not by system. Anyone doing data analysis will be shown how to use R to generate any of the basic visualizations with the R visualization systems. Further, this book introduces the author’s lessR system, which always can accomplish a visualization with less coding than the use of other systems, sometimes dramatically so, and also provides accompanying statistical analyses. Key Features Presents thorough coverage of the leading R visualization system, ggplot2. Gives specific guidance on using base R graphics to attain visualizations of the same quality as those provided by ggplot2. Shows how to create a wide range of data visualizations: distributions of categorical and continuous variables, many types of scatterplots including with a third variable, time series, and maps. Inclusion of the various approaches to R graphics organized by topic instead of by system. Presents the recent work on interactive visualization in R. David W. Gerbing received his PhD from Michigan State University in 1979 in quantitative analysis, and currently is a professor of quantitative analysis in the School of Business at Portland State University. He has published extensively in the social and behavioral sciences with a focus on quantitative methods. His lessR package has been in development since 2009.
Rabi N. Bhattacharya
by Manfred Denker Edward C. WaymireThis volume presents some of the most influential papers published by Rabi N. Bhattacharya, along with commentaries from international experts, demonstrating his knowledge, insight, and influence in the field of probability and its applications. For more than three decades, Bhattacharya has made significant contributions in areas ranging from theoretical statistics via analytical probability theory, Markov processes, and random dynamics to applied topics in statistics, economics, and geophysics. Selected reprints of Bhattacharya's papers are divided into three sections: Modes of Approximation, Large Times for Markov Processes, and Stochastic Foundations in Applied Sciences. The accompanying articles by the contributing authors not only help to position his work in the context of other achievements, but also provide a unique assessment of the state of their individual fields, both historically and for the next generation of researchers. Rabi N. Bhattacharya: Selected Papers will be a valuable resource for young researchers entering the diverse areas of study to which Bhattacharya has contributed. Established researchers will also appreciate this work as an account of both past and present developments and challenges for the future.
Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code
by Ruha BenjaminFrom everyday apps to complex algorithms, Ruha Benjamin cuts through tech-industry hype to understand how emerging technologies can reinforce White supremacy and deepen social inequity. Benjamin argues that automation, far from being a sinister story of racist programmers scheming on the dark web, has the potential to hide, speed up, and deepen discrimination while appearing neutral and even benevolent when compared to the racism of a previous era. Presenting the concept of the “New Jim Code,” she shows how a range of discriminatory designs encode inequity by explicitly amplifying racial hierarchies; by ignoring but thereby replicating social divisions; or by aiming to fix racial bias but ultimately doing quite the opposite. Moreover, she makes a compelling case for race itself as a kind of technology, designed to stratify and sanctify social injustice in the architecture of everyday life. This illuminating guide provides conceptual tools for decoding tech promises with sociologically informed skepticism. In doing so, it challenges us to question not only the technologies we are sold but also the ones we ourselves manufacture.
Race and Gender in Electronic Media: Content, Context, Culture (Electronic Media Research Series)
by Rebecca Ann LindThis volume examines the consequences, implications, and opportunities associated with issues of diversity in the electronic media. With a focus on race and gender, the chapters represent diverse approaches, including social scientific, humanistic, critical, and rhetorical. The contributors consider race and gender issues in both historical and contemporary electronic media, and their work is presented in three sections: content, context (audiences, effects, and reception), and culture (media industries, policy, and production). In this book, the authors investigate, problematize, and theorize a variety of concerns which at their core relate to issues of difference. How do we use media to construct and understand different social groups? How do the media represent and affect our engagement with and responses to different social groups? How can we understand these processes and the environment within which they occur? Although this book focuses on the differences associated with race and gender, the questions raised by and the theoretical perspectives presented in the chapters are applicable to other forms of socially-constructed difference. Chapters 5, 10, 12, and 19 of this book are freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Race and Racism in Britain: Fourth Edition
by John SolomosThis Fourth Edition of a pioneering handbook provides a critical analysis of the origins and evolution of political and policy debates regarding race and racism in British society. Drawing on a broad range of both theoretical and historical research, the focus of the book is on the development of policies and debates in the period from the second half of the 20th Century to the present. The book is organized into twelve chapters which provide an overview of key trends, situating the development of policies and developments in relation to immigration and citizenship, race relations policies and broader agendas about multiculturalism and living with difference. In the substantive chapters of the book there is also a detailed discussion of such issues as policing, urban unrest and protest, racist politics, black and ethnic minority politics and conversations about multiculturalism. This new edition engages with both the historical background as well as contemporary developments to provide a novel and wide-ranging account of the role that questions about race and racism play in British society.
Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation Across the United States: New Approaches to Understanding Trends and Patterns (The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis #54)
by Amber R. Crowell Mark A. FossettThis open access book provides new findings on and insights into trends and patterns in residential segregation between racial and ethnic groups in the United States. It draws on new methods that make it possible to investigate segregation involving small groups and segregation patterns in nonmetropolitan communities with greater accuracy and clarity than has previously been possible. As one example, the authors are able to track residential segregation patterns across a wide selection of nonmetropolitan communities where Black, Latino, and Asian populations are small but can still potentially experience segregation. The authors also track White-Latino segregation from its inception when Latino households first arrived in non-negligible numbers in new destination communities and then document how segregation changes over time as the Latino population grows over time to become larger and more established. Finally, this work shows how segregation of Latino and Asian households is fundamentally different from that of Black households based on the much greater role that cultural and socioeconomic characteristics play in shaping White-Latino and White-Asian segregation in comparison to White-Black segregation.
The Racialized Social System: Critical Race Theory as Social Theory
by Ali MeghjiFar from its origins in US legal studies in the 1980s, critical race theory has grown to become a leading approach to the analysis of racial inequality around the world. It has courted much controversy along the way, often misunderstood and poorly defined. So what precisely is critical race theory and what makes it different from other theories of race, racialization and racism? In this incisive book, Ali Meghji defines the contours of critical race theory through the notion of the 'racialized social system'. He thereby excavates a solid social theory that clears up many empirical and conceptual questions that continue to surface, offering a flexible, practical model for studying structural racism. In making his case, Meghji pays attention to the multiple dimensions of the racialized social system, focusing on core phenomena such as interaction orders, material interests, ideologies, emotions, and organizations. In a context where any work mentioning 'race' gets defined as critical race theory, this book expounds an approach that promises to be more generative for the social scientific study of race.
Radar Detection Theory of Sliding Window Processes
by Graham WeinbergConstant false alarm rate detection processes are important in radar signal processing. Such detection strategies are used as an alternative to optimal Neyman-Pearson based decision rules, since they can be implemented as a sliding window process running on a radar range-Doppler map. This book examines the development of such detectors in a modern framework. With a particular focus on high resolution X-band maritime surveillance radar, recent approaches are outlined and examined. Performance is assessed when the detectors are run in real X-band radar clutter. The book introduces relevant mathematical tools to allow the reader to understand the development, and follow its implementation.