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What Is Money?: Bartering, Cash, Cryptocurrency... And Much More! (A True Book (Relaunch))
by Alicia GreenA series to build strong financial habits early on in life!Understanding how society progressed from the barter system to currency-and how that money works in the global economy-are just two critical financial literacy skills that all kids should have. Did you know that the first paper currency appeared more than 1,200 years ago? Or that the currency of the future will likely be digital? Learn all this and more in What Is Money? - a book that starts kids on the road to financial literacy.ABOUT THE SERIES: How can I make money? What is inflation? What is the difference between a debit card and a credit card? Economics - and more specifically, money - play such a large role in our lives. Yet there are many mysteries and misconceptions surrounding the basic concepts of finance and smart money management. This set of True Books offers students the know-how they'll need to start on the road to financial literacy-a crucial skill for today's world. Interesting information is presented in a fun, friendly way-and in the simplest terms possible-which will enable students to build strong financial habits early on in life.
What Is Random?: Chance and Order in Mathematics and Life (Copernicus Ser.)
by Edward BeltramiIn this fascinating book, mathematician Ed Beltrami takes a close enough look at randomness to make it mysteriously disappear. The results of coin tosses, it turns out, are determined from the start, and only our incomplete knowledge makes them look random. "Random" sequences of numbers are more elusive, but Godels undecidability theorem informs us that we will never know. Those familiar with quantum indeterminacy assert that order is an illusion, and that the world is fundamentally random. Yet randomness is also an illusion. Perhaps order and randomness, like waves and particles, are only two sides of the same (tossed) coin.
What is the Genus?
by Patrick Popescu-PampuExploring several of the evolutionary branches of the mathematical notion of genus, this book traces the idea from its prehistory in problems of integration, through algebraic curves and their associated Riemann surfaces, into algebraic surfaces, and finally into higher dimensions. Its importance in analysis, algebraic geometry, number theory and topology is emphasized through many theorems. Almost every chapter is organized around excerpts from a research paper in which a new perspective was brought on the genus or on one of the objects to which this notion applies. The author was motivated by the belief that a subject may best be understood and communicated by studying its broad lines of development, feeling the way one arrives at the definitions of its fundamental notions, and appreciating the amount of effort spent in order to explore its phenomena.
What Logics Mean
by James W. GarsonWhat do the rules of logic say about the meanings of the symbols they govern? In this book, James W. Garson examines the inferential behaviour of logical connectives (such as 'and', 'or', 'not' and 'if . . . then'), whose behaviour is defined by strict rules, and proves definitive results concerning exactly what those rules express about connective truth conditions. He explores the ways in which, depending on circumstances, a system of rules may provide no interpretation of a connective at all, or the interpretation we ordinarily expect for it, or an unfamiliar or novel interpretation. He also shows how the novel interpretations thus generated may be used to help analyse philosophical problems such as vagueness and the open future. His book will be valuable for graduates and specialists in logic, philosophy of logic, and philosophy of language.
What Makes Us Smart: The Computational Logic of Human Cognition
by Samuel GershmanHow a computational framework can account for the successes and failures of human cognitionAt the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. What Makes Us Smart makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory—in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, Samuel Gershman shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the “stupid” errors of human cognition.Embarking on a journey across psychology, neuroscience, computer science, linguistics, and economics, Gershman presents unifying principles that govern human intelligence. First, inductive bias: any system that makes inferences based on limited data must constrain its hypotheses in some way before observing data. Second, approximation bias: any system that makes inferences and decisions with limited resources must make approximations. Applying these principles to a range of computational errors made by humans, Gershman demonstrates that intelligent systems designed to meet these constraints yield characteristically human errors.Examining how humans make intelligent and maladaptive decisions, What Makes Us Smart delves into the successes and failures of cognition.
What Makes Variables Random: Probability for the Applied Researcher
by Peter J. VeazieWhat Makes Variables Random: Probability for the Applied Researcher provides an introduction to the foundations of probability that underlie the statistical analyses used in applied research. By explaining probability in terms of measure theory, it gives the applied researchers a conceptual framework to guide statistical modeling and analysis, and to better understand and interpret results. The book provides a conceptual understanding of probability and its structure. It is intended to augment existing calculus-based textbooks on probability and statistics and is specifically targeted to researchers and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the applied research fields of the social sciences, psychology, and health and healthcare sciences. Materials are presented in three sections. The first section provides an overall introduction and presents some mathematical concepts used throughout the rest of the text. The second section presents the basic structure of measure theory and its special case of probability theory. The third section provides the connection between a conceptual understanding of measure-theoretic probability and applied research. This section starts with a chapter on its use in understanding basic models and finishes with a chapter that focuses on more complicated problems, particularly those related to various types and definitions of analyses related to hierarchical modeling.
What Mathematics Can Do for You: Essays and Tips from Japanese Industry Leaders
by Toshiyuki Kobayashi Yoshikazu GigaJapan is a tiny country that occupies only 0.25% of the world's total land area. However, this small country is the world's third largest in economy: the Japanese GDP is roughly equivalent to the sum of any two major countries in Europe as of 2012. This book is a first attempt to ask leaders of top Japanese companies, such as Toyota, about their thoughts on mathematics. The topics range from mathematical problems in specific areas (e.g., exploration of natural resources, communication networks, finance) to mathematical strategy that helps a leader who has to weigh many different issues and make decisions in a timely manner, and even to mathematical literacy that ensures quality control. The reader may notice that every article reflects the authors' way of life and thinking, which can be evident in even one sentence. This book is an enlarged English edition of the Japanese book What Mathematics Can Do for You: Essays and Tips from Japanese Industry Leaders. In this edition we have invited the contributions of three mathematicians who have been working to expand and strengthen the interaction between mathematics and industry. The role of mathematics is usually invisible when it is applied effectively and smoothly in science and technology, and mathematical strategy is often hidden when it is used properly and successfully. The business leaders in successful top Japanese companies are well aware of this invisible feature of mathematics in applications aside from the intrinsic depth of mathematics. What Mathematics Can Do for You ultimately provides the reader an opportunity to notice what is hidden but key to business strategy.
What Matters? Research Trends in International Comparative Studies in Mathematics Education
by Jane-Jane Lo Tad Watanabe Ji-Won SonThis book provides a unique international comparative perspective on diverse issues and practices in mathematics education between and among the US and five high-performing TIMSS education systems, Japan, China, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. The book offers multiple perspectives on the important factors that contribute to mathematics teaching and learning in different educational systems and cultural contexts. Using large scale data generated by numerous international comparative studies, the book analyzes and provides context for various methodological perspectives. The book raises compelling questions and issues for mathematics education researchers, leading to a critical examination of what can be learned from other education systems. Authors address four major research perspectives by critically examining cross-national similarities and differences, such as research on the influence of curriculum on student learning; research on institutional systems of mathematics teacher education; research on improving teacher knowledge and pedagogical approaches; and research using large-scale data. This collection of perspectives serves as a foundation for reviewing and analyzing the international comparative studies introduced in the book.
What Shape?
by Debbie MackinnonAnthea Sieveking's vibrant photographs capture eight lovable toddlers as they discover with wonder the many different shapes in the world around them. A companion to What's Inside? and What Color?, here is a first book of shapes to be shared with delight!
What Successful Math Teachers Do, Grades 6-12: 80 Research-Based Strategies for the Common Core-Aligned Classroom
by Alfred S. Posamentier Terri L. Germain-Williams Daniel I. JayeThe math teacher's go-to resource—now updated for the Common Core! What works in math and why has never been the issue; the research is all out there. Where teachers struggle is the “how.” That’s the big service What Successful Math Teachers Do provides. It’s a powerful portal to what the best research looks like in practice strategy by strategy—now aligned to both the Common Core and the NCTM Standards. For each of the book’s 80 strategies, the authors present A brief description A summary of supporting research The corresponding NCTM and Common Core Standards Classroom applications Possible pitfalls Recommended reading and research
What Successful Math Teachers Do, Grades PreK-5: 47 Research-Based Strategies for the Standards-Based Classroom
by Edward S. Wall Alfred S. PosamentierThe authors present dynamic learning activities with research-based strategies and sources for further reading to increase students' confidence in math while effectively addressing NCTM standards.
What the Luck?: The Surprising Role of Chance in Our Everyday Lives
by Gary SmithThe newest book by the acclaimed author of Standard Deviations takes on luck, and all the mischief the idea of luck can cause in our lives. In Israel, pilot trainees who were praised for doing well subsequently performed worse, while trainees who were yelled at for doing poorly performed better. It is an empirical fact that highly intelligent women tend to marry men who are less intelligent. Students who get the highest scores in third grade generally get lower scores in fourth grade. And yet, it's wrong to conclude that screaming is not more effective in pilot training, women choose men whose intelligence does not intimidate them, or schools are failing third graders. In fact, there's one reason for each of these empirical facts: Statistics. Specifically, a statical concept called Regression to the Mean. Regression to the mean seeks to explain, with statistics, the role of luck in our day to day lives. An insufficient appreciation of luck and chance can wreak all kinds of mischief in sports, education, medicine, business, politics, and more. It can lead us to see illness when we are not sick and to see cures when treatments are worthless. Perfectly natural random variation can lead us to attach meaning to the meaningless. Freakonomics showed how economic calculations can explain seemingly counterintuitive decision-making. Thinking, Fast and Slow, helped readers identify a host of small cognitive errors that can lead to miscalculations and irrational thought. In What the Luck?, statistician and author Gary Smith sets himself a similar goal, and explains--in clear, understandable, and witty prose--how a statistical understanding of luck can change the way we see just about every aspect of our lives...and can help us learn to rely less on random chance, and more on truth.
What to Expect When No One's Expecting
by Jonathan V. LastLook around you and think for a minute: Is America too crowded?For years, we have been warned about the looming danger of overpopulation: people jostling for space on a planet that's busting at the seams and running out of oil and food and land and everything else.It's all bunk. The "population bomb" never exploded. Instead, statistics from around the world make clear that since the 1970s, we've been facing exactly the opposite problem: people are having too few babies. Population growth has been slowing for two generations. The world's population will peak, and then begin shrinking, within the next fifty years. In some countries, it's already started. Japan, for instance, will be half its current size by the end of the century. In Italy, there are already more deaths than births every year. China's One-Child Policy has left that country without enough women to marry its men, not enough young people to support the country's elderly, and an impending population contraction that has the ruling class terrified.And all of this is coming to America, too. In fact, it's already here. Middle-class Americans have their own, informal one-child policy these days. And an alarming number of upscale professionals don't even go that far--they have dogs, not kids. In fact, if it weren't for the wave of immigration we experienced over the last thirty years, the United States would be on the verge of shrinking, too.What happened? Everything about modern life--from Bugaboo strollers to insane college tuition to government regulations--has pushed Americans in a single direction, making it harder to have children. And making the people who do still want to have children feel like second-class citizens.What to Expect When No One's Expecting explains why the population implosion happened and how it is remaking culture, the economy, and politics both at home and around the world.Because if America wants to continue to lead the world, we need to have more babies.
What's a Pair? What's a Dozen?
by Stephen R. SwinburneThe world is filled with numbers. From learning to count their fingers to learning to put on their shoes, children encounter mathematical concepts early in life. Steve Swinburne introduces children to number-related words in this bouncy, colorful photo-essay. From one to a dozen, lively photographs illustrated math words such as single, double, couple, and prefixes such as uni-, bi-, and tri-. The second half of the book is presented as a guessing game. Following Lots and Lots of Zebra Stripes and Guess Whose Shadow?, Steve Swinburne offers children another entertaining look at an all-important concept.
What's in a Relative: Household and Family in Formentera (Explorations In Anthropology Ser. #No. 5)
by Joan Bestard-CampsIn this ground-breaking study based on ethnographic research in Formentera, in the Balearic Islands, the author demonstrates that European kinship can become central to anthropological explanation once it is understood from a symbolic and cultural perspective. This book is an outstanding example of ethnographic analysis which is sensitive to the findings of demographic and historical research.
What’s Luck Got to Do with It?
by Joseph MazurWhy do so many gamblers risk it all when they know the odds of winning are against them? Why do they believe dice are "hot" in a winning streak? Why do we expect heads on a coin toss after several flips have turned up tails? What's Luck Got to Do with It? takes a lively and eye-opening look at the mathematics, history, and psychology of gambling to reveal the most widely held misconceptions about luck. It exposes the hazards of feeling lucky, and uses the mathematics of predictable outcomes to show when our chances of winning are actually good. Mathematician Joseph Mazur traces the history of gambling from the earliest known archaeological evidence of dice playing among Neolithic peoples to the first systematic mathematical studies of games of chance during the Renaissance, from government-administered lotteries to the glittering seductions of grand casinos, and on to the global economic crisis brought on by financiers' trillion-dollar bets. Using plenty of engaging anecdotes, Mazur explains the mathematics behind gambling--including the laws of probability, statistics, betting against expectations, and the law of large numbers--and describes the psychological and emotional factors that entice people to put their faith in winning that ever-elusive jackpot despite its mathematical improbability. As entertaining as it is informative, What's Luck Got to Do with It? demonstrates the pervasive nature of our belief in luck and the deceptive psychology of winning and losing.
What's Math Got to Do with It?
by Jo Boaler"Highly accessible and enjoyable for readers who love and loathe math." --BooklistA critical read for teachers and parents who want to improve children's mathematics learning, What's Math Got to Do with It? is "an inspiring resource" (Publishers Weekly). Featuring all the important advice and suggestions in the original edition of What's Math Got to Do with It?, this revised edition is now updated with new research on the brain and mathematics that is revolutionizing scientists' understanding of learning and potential.As always Jo Boaler presents research findings through practical ideas that can be used in classrooms and homes. The new What's Math Got to Do with It? prepares teachers and parents for the Common Core, shares Boaler's work on ways to teach mathematics for a "growth mindset," and includes a range of advice to inspire teachers and parents to give their students the best mathematical experience possible.
What's Math Got to Do with It?
by Jo Boaler"Highly accessible and enjoyable for readers who love and loathe math." --BooklistA critical read for teachers and parents who want to improve children's mathematics learning, What's Math Got to Do with It? is "an inspiring resource" (Publishers Weekly). Featuring all the important advice and suggestions in the original edition of What's Math Got to Do with It?, this revised edition is now updated with new research on the brain and mathematics that is revolutionizing scientists' understanding of learning and potential.As always Jo Boaler presents research findings through practical ideas that can be used in classrooms and homes. The new What's Math Got to Do with It? prepares teachers and parents for the Common Core, shares Boaler's work on ways to teach mathematics for a "growth mindset," and includes a range of advice to inspire teachers and parents to give their students the best mathematical experience possible.
What's Math Got to Do with It?
by Jo BoalerA recent assessment of mathematics performance around the world ranked the United States twenty-eighth out of forty countries in the study. When the level of spending was taken into account, we sank to the very bottom of the list. We are falling rapidly behind the rest of the developed world when it comes to math education-and the consequences are dire. In this straightforward and inspiring book, Jo Boaler, a professor of mathematics education at Stanford for nine years, outlines concrete solutions that can change things for the better, including classroom approaches, essential strategies for students, and advice for parents. This is a must-read for anyone who is interested in the mathematical and scientific future of our country. .
What's Right About Wrong Answers: Learning From Math Mistakes, Grades 4-5
by Nancy AndersonYou can&’t learn to hit a three-point shot without missing a lot of shots. You can&’t learn to play a piece of music correctly without striking a lot of wrong notes. And, as Nancy Anderson explains in What&’s Right About Wrong Answers: Learning From Math Mistakes, Grades 4-5 , You can&’t learn math without making mistakes. Anderson turns mistakes on their head and helps you cleverly use them to students&’ advantage. Each of the twenty-two activities in this book focuses on important ideas in grades 4 5 mathematics. By examining comic strips, letters to a fictitious math expert from confused students, and sample student work containing mistakes, your learners explore typical math mistakes, reflect on why they&’re wrong, and move toward deeper understanding. Each activity includes: A summary of the mathematical content and highlighted error Common Core connections Prerequisite knowledge that students need Big underlying math ideas Suggestions for implementing the activity Each activity can be used to enhance units of instruction and help students prepare for assessments that are aligned with the Common Core and similar state standards.
What's the Point of Math? (DK What's the Point of?)
by DKMath makes the world go around. An educational book that will give you surprising answers to everyday math challenges. This ebook unpacks how math is an essential part of our everyday life in ways that you never thought of. Full of crazy facts, magic tricks, and mathematical brainteasers and beautiful illustrations show you that math is interesting, fun, and not intimidating at all!Ever wondered where math originated from? This fantastic educational ebook unpacks all the curious questions that your child has about math including intriguing historical stories that explore the often-surprising origins of math that we use in our daily lives. Learn about how the formation of number sequences began, to the origins of trigonometry, and find out how to become a trillionaire! Math in our daily lives is used in many things that might not even seem that obvious. Math Controls Just About EverythingInspire your children with numbers and help bring mathematical explanations to life with this engaging educational book. Expand their knowledge in the complexity of understanding math by using simple illustrative examples. To make these topics more exciting and impactful, the ebook is full of great puzzles, awesome games, and interesting facts that will break barriers in their understanding. &“Try it out&” examples give mathematical explanations that are simple and easy to grasp. What&’s The Point Of Math? will not only change your child&’s perception of numbers but give them the skills and understanding to apply the principles in their everyday life!This educational ebook explains the point of:- Numbers and counting - Shapes and measuring- Patterns and sequences- Probability and logic- Data and statistics
What's the Use?: How Mathematics Shapes Everyday Life
by Ian StewartSee the world in a completely new way as an esteemed mathematician shows how math powers the world—from technology to health care and beyond. Almost all of us have sat in a math class, wondering when we'd ever need to know how to find the roots of a polynomial or graph imaginary numbers. And in one sense, we were right: if we needed to, we'd use a computer. But as Ian Stewart argues in What's the Use?, math isn't just about boring computations. Rather, it offers us new and profound insights into our world, allowing us to accomplish feats as significant as space exploration and organ donation. From the trigonometry that keeps a satellite in orbit to the prime numbers used by the world's most advanced security systems to the imaginary numbers that enable augmented reality, math isn't just relevant to our lives. It is the very fabric of our existence.
What's the Use?: The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics
by Ian StewartMany people think mathematics is useless. They're wrong. In the UK, the 2.8 million people employed in mathematical science occupations contributed £208 billion to the economy in a single year -- that's 10 per cent of the workforce contributing 16 per cent of the economy.What's the Use? asks why there is such a vast gulf between public perceptions of mathematics and reality. It shows how mathematics is vital, often in surprising ways, behind the scenes of daily life. How politicians pick their voters. How an absurd little puzzle solved 300 years ago leads to efficient methods for kidney transplants. How an Irish mathematician's obsession with a new number system improves special effects in movies and computer games. How SatNav relies on at least six mathematical techniques. And how a bizarre, infinitely wiggly curve, helps to optimise deliveries to your door.
When 5G Meets Industry 4.0
by Longxiang Gao Xiwen WangSince the 1980s, mobile communication has undergone major transitions from 1G to 4G, at a rate of roughly one generation per decade. And the next upgrade is set to come soon, with 5G heralding a new era of large-bandwidth Internet, and a multi-connection, low-latency Internet of Everything.5G technology will be the standard for next-generation mobile Internet, and it will not only enhance the individual user’s experience, but also provide technical support for artificial-intelligence-based applications, such as smart manufacturing, smart healthcare, smart government, smart cities and driverless cars. As a result, 5G is regarded as the “infrastructure” of the industrial Internet and artificial intelligence and both China and the United States are striving to become the 5G leader and spearhead this new generation of international mobile communication standards. Though trade tensions between China and the United States continue to escalate, with products ranging from soybeans to mobile phones and automobiles being affected, 5G technology may be the true cause of trade wars between the world’s top two economies.In short, 5G will change not only society, but also international trade patterns. This book describes various 5G scenarios, changes and values; explains the standards, technologies and development directions behind 5G; and explores new models, new formats and new trends in 5G-based artificial intelligence.