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The Economics of the Super Bowl: Players, Performers, and Cities (Palgrave Pivots in Sports Economics)
by David Berri Victor A. Matheson Yvan J. KellyThe Super Bowl is the most watched sporting event in the United States. But what does participating in this event mean for the players, the halftime performers, and the cities who host the games? Is there an economic benefit from being a part of the Super Bowl and if so, how much? This Palgrave Pivot examines the economic consequences for those who participate in the Super Bowl. The book fills in gaps in the literature by examining the benefits and costs of being involved in the game. Previously, the literature has largely ignored the affect the game has had on the careers of the players, particularly the stars of the game. The economic benefit of being the halftime performer has not been considered in the literature at all. While there have been past studies about the economic impact on the cities who host of the game, this book will expand on previous research and update it with new data.
The Economist Numbers Guide: The Essentials of Business Numeracy (Economist Books)
by The EconomistThe Economist Numbers Guide is invaluable for everyone who has to work with numbers, which in today's commercially focused world means most managers. In addition to general advice on basic numeracy, the guide points out common errors and explains the recognized techniques for solving financial problems, analyzing information of any kind, forecasting and effective decision making. Over 100 charts, graphs, tables and feature boxes highlight key points, and great emphasis is put on the all-important aspect of how you present and communicate numerical information effectively and honestly. At the back of the book is an extensive A-Z dictionary of terms covering everything from amortization to zero-sum game. Whatever your business, whatever your management role, for anyone who needs a good head for figures The Economist Numbers Guide will help you achieve your goals.
The Economy As An Evolving Complex System II
by W. Brian ArthurA new view of the economy as an evolving, complex system has been pioneered at the Santa Fe Institute over the last ten years, This volume is a collection of articles that shape and define this view?a view of the economy as emerging from the interactions of individual agents whose behavior constantly evolves, whose strategies and actions are always adapting.The traditional framework in economics portrays activity within an equilibrium steady state. The interacting agents in the economy are typically homogenous, solve well-defined problems using perfect rationality, and act within given legal and social structures. The complexity approach, by contrast, sees economic activity as continually changing?continually in process. The interacting agents are typically heterogeneous, they must cognitively interpret the problems they face, and together they create the structures?markets, legal and social institutions, price patters, expectations?to which they individually react. Such structures may never settle down. Agents may forever adapt and explore and evolve their behaviors within structures that continually emerge and change and disappear?structures these behaviors co-create. This complexity approach does not replace the equilibrium one?it complements it.The papers here collected originated at a recent conference at the Santa Fe Institute, which was called to follow up the well-known 1987 SFI conference organized by Philip Anderson, Kenneth Arrow, and David Pines. They survey the new study of complexity and the economy. They apply this approach to real economic problems and they show the extent to which the initial vision of the 1987 conference has come to fruition.
The Economy As An Evolving Complex System: The Proceedings Of The Evolutionary Paths Of The Global Economy Workshop, Held September, 1987 In Santa Fe, New Mexico (Santa Fe Institute Ser.)
by Philip W. AndersonThis book proceeds from a meeting at the Santa Fe Institute where economists and physical and biological scientists came together to discuss a conceptual framework incorporating a more appropriate mathematics with a greatly strengthened capacity to deal simultaneously with multiple variables, nonlinearity, incomplete information and dynamical processes.
The Edge Becomes the Center: An Oral History of Gentrification in the Twenty-First Century
by DW GibsonThis “generous, vigorous, and enlightening look at class and space in New York” examines the human side of gentrification—“a joy to read” (The Paris Review).For years, journalists, policymakers, critics, and historians have tried to explain just what happens when new money and new residents flow into established neighborhoods. But now, “Mr. Gibson lets the city speak for itself, and it speaks with charm, swagger and heartening resilience” (The New York Times).The Edge Becomes the Center captures, in their own words, the stories of people?brokers, buyers, sellers, renters, landlords, artists, contractors, politicians, and everyone in between?who are shaping and being shaped by the new New York City.In this extraordinary oral history, Gibson shows us what urban change looks and feels like by exposing us to the voices of the people living through it. Drawing on the plainspoken, casually authoritative tradition of Jane Jacobs and Studs Terkel, The Edge Becomes the Center is an inviting and essential portrait of the way we live now.
The Education of a Mathematician
by Philip J. DavisIn this charming memoir, a renowned mathematician and winner of the American Book Award traces his career in mathematics from early lessons in horse racing and the realities of life to his adventures on the lecture circuit. A thought-provoking mix of autobiography, history, and insights into the role of mathematics in everyday life, this highly ent
The Effect: An Introduction to Research Design and Causality
by Nick Huntington-KleinThe Effect: An Introduction to Research Design and Causality is about research design, specifically concerning research that uses observational data to make a causal inference. It is separated into two halves, each with different approaches to that subject. The first half goes through the concepts of causality, with very little in the way of estimation. It introduces the concept of identification thoroughly and clearly and discusses it as a process of trying to isolate variation that has a causal interpretation. Subjects include heavy emphasis on data-generating processes and causal diagrams. Concepts are demonstrated with a heavy emphasis on graphical intuition and the question of what we do to data. When we “add a control variable” what does that actually do? Key Features: • Extensive code examples in R, Stata, and Python • Chapters on overlooked topics in econometrics classes: heterogeneous treatment effects, simulation and power analysis, new cutting-edge methods, and uncomfortable ignored assumptions • An easy-to-read conversational tone • Up-to-date coverage of methods with fast-moving literatures like difference-in-differences
The Effectiveness of Mathematics Teaching in Primary Schools: Lessons from England and China (Routledge Research in International and Comparative Education)
by David Reynolds Zhenzhen MiaoThe Effectiveness of Mathematics Teaching in Primary Schools: Lessons from England and China provides a unique insight into the mathematics classrooms of these two countries and arrives at a time when the world is eager to know how Chinese learners consistently excel at learning mathematics and other core subjects. Showcasing the kinds of teaching methods that work within and across countries, this book presents a rich collection of views, including those from teachers, their native colleagues, their foreign colleagues and the researcher, regarding the quality of mathematics teaching today. Interweaving scientific results about teaching and learning evaluations with multiple perspectives of various roles in and out of the classroom, Miao and Reynolds offer insights into how and why different approaches of teaching have led to different learning outcomes in mathematics internationally. Building on rigid and robust analyses of the most up-to-date data in England and China, the book indicates that it is through changing teaching rather than changing teachers that mathematics learning can be improved, because it is what teachers do in the classroom that really makes a big difference. Containing four decades of wisdom from the field of teaching effectiveness research, this book is essential reading for all who want to improve the quality of mathematics teaching worldwide. This book is particularly relevant for educational researchers, postgraduate students and teachers, as well as school leaders, policymakers and parents.
The Eigenbook: Eigenvarieties, families of Galois representations, p-adic L-functions (Pathways in Mathematics)
by Joël BellaïcheThis book discusses the p-adic modular forms, the eigencurve that parameterize them, and the p-adic L-functions one can associate to them. These theories and their generalizations to automorphic forms for group of higher ranks are of fundamental importance in number theory.For graduate students and newcomers to this field, the book provides a solid introduction to this highly active area of research. For experts, it will offer the convenience of collecting into one place foundational definitions and theorems with complete and self-contained proofs.Written in an engaging and educational style, the book also includes exercises and provides their solution.
The Eighteenth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management (Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies #215)
by Jiuping Xu Asaf Hajiyev Sophie Dabo-Niang Mohamed Hag Ali Hassan Noor Azina Binti IsmailThe proceedings of the Eighteenth ICMSEM cover a wide range of areas including hot management issues in Engineering Science. It provides newest and frontier ideas and research achievements in the area of Management Science and Engineering Management to researchers and practitioners. The work contains both theoretical and practical studies of Management Science in the Computing Methodology, showing the advanced management concepts, computing technologies for decision making problems with large, uncertain and unstructured data. Research in this proceeding will show the new changes and challenges in the decision-making procedure as we have entered the big data era. Theoretical studies of this proceedings will present the new technologies of analysis, capture, search, sharing, storage, transfer, visualization, and privacy violations, as well as advances in integration of optimization, statistics and data mining. This proceeding also contains practical studies in the real decision-making scenarios when facing large, uncertain or unstructured data. The readers who are interested in related fields of can benefit from the proceedings for the new ideas and research direction.
The Election Calculation: The Math Kids (Book 10) (The Math Kids)
by David ColeFor the Math Kids, a new school means new opportunities—and new challenges!Starting at Tyler Middle School should be an exciting time for the Math Kids. They have new teachers, new classes, new classmates, and of course, a new math club to get to know. But when it turns out that the Tyler math club president is their old rival Kenny and he's determined to keep them from competing, the Math Kids start to think maybe middle school won't be as good as they'd hoped.There's only one option: elect a new president. As the Math Kids try to decide who should lead the math club, another election draws Stephanie's attention. The district will be voting on school board members, and there's something fishy about the billboards that have popped up around town advertising a new slate of candidates no one's ever heard of. So, she does what the Math Kids do best, and sets out to investigate the mysterious candidates.With both elections coming up quickly, the four friends will need to use logic and strategy to ensure the school board and the math club are in good hands after the votes are tallied.
The Electron Mass and Calcium Isotope Shifts
by Florian Köhler-LangesThis thesis presents the first isotope-shift measurement of bound-electron g-factors of highly charged ions and determines the most precise value of the electron mass in atomic mass units, which exceeds the value in the literature by a factor of 13. As the lightest fundamental massive particle, the electron is one of nature’s few central building blocks. A precise knowledge of its intrinsic properties, such as its mass, is mandatory for the most accurate tests in physics - the Quantum Electrodynamics tests that describe one of the four established fundamental interactions in the universe. The underlying measurement principle combines a high-precision measurement of the Larmor-to-cyclotron frequency ratio on a single hydrogen-like carbon ion studied in a Penning trap with very accurate calculations of the so-called bound-electron g-factor. For the isotope-shift measurement, the bound-electron g-factors of two lithium-like calcium isotopes have been measured with relative uncertainties of a few 10^{-10}, constituting an as yet unrivaled level of precision for lithium-like ions.
The Elements Of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, And Prediction (Series In Statistics)
by Trevor Hastie Robert Tibshirani Jerome FriedmanDuring the past decade there has been an explosion in computation and information technology. With it have come vast amounts of data in a variety of fields such as medicine, biology, finance, and marketing. The challenge of understanding these data has led to the development of new tools in the field of statistics, and spawned new areas such as data mining, machine learning, and bioinformatics. Many of these tools have common underpinnings but are often expressed with different terminology. This book describes the important ideas in these areas in a common conceptual framework. While the approach is statistical, the emphasis is on concepts rather than mathematics. Many examples are given, with a liberal use of color graphics. It should be a valuable resource for statisticians and anyone interested in data mining in science or industry. The book's coverage is broad, from supervised learning (prediction) to unsupervised learning. The many topics include neural networks, support vector machines, classification trees and boosting---the first comprehensive treatment of this topic in any book. <p><p> This major new edition features many topics not covered in the original, including graphical models, random forests, ensemble methods, least angle regression & path algorithms for the lasso, non-negative matrix factorization, and spectral clustering. There is also a chapter on methods for ``wide'' data (p bigger than n), including multiple testing and false discovery rates.
The Elements of Advanced Mathematics (Textbooks in Mathematics)
by Steven G. Krantz<p>The Elements of Advanced Mathematics, Fourth Edition is the latest edition of the author’s bestselling series of texts. Expanding on previous editions, the new Edition continues to provide students with a better understanding of proofs, a core concept for higher level mathematics. To meet the needs of instructors, the text is aligned directly with course requirements. <p>The author connects computationally and theoretically based mathematics, helping students develop a foundation for higher level mathematics. To make the book more pertinent, the author removed obscure topics and included a chapter on elementary number theory. Students gain the momentum to further explore mathematics in the real world through an introduction to cryptography. These additions, along with new exercises and proof techniques, will provide readers with a strong and relevant command of mathematics.</p>
The Elements of Advanced Mathematics (Textbooks in Mathematics)
by Steven G. KrantzThis book has enjoyed considerable use and appreciation during its first four editions. With hundreds of students having learned out of early editions, the author continues to find ways to modernize and maintain a unique presentation. What sets the book apart is the excellent writing style, exposition, and unique and thorough sets of exercises. This edition offers a more instructive preface to assist instructors on developing the course they prefer. The prerequisites are more explicit and provide a roadmap for the course. Sample syllabi are included. As would be expected in a fifth edition, the overall content and structure of the book are sound. This new edition offers a more organized treatment of axiomatics. Throughout the book, there is a more careful and detailed treatment of the axioms of set theory. The rules of inference are more carefully elucidated. Additional new features include: An emphasis on the art of proof. Enhanced number theory chapter presents some easily accessible but still-unsolved problems. These include the Goldbach conjecture, the twin prime conjecture, and so forth. The discussion of equivalence relations is revised to present reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity before we define equivalence relations. The discussion of the RSA cryptosystem in Chapter 8 is expanded. The author introduces groups much earlier. Coverage of group theory, formerly in Chapter 11, has been moved up; this is an incisive example of an axiomatic theory. Recognizing new ideas, the author has enhanced the overall presentation to create a fifth edition of this classic and widely-used textbook.
The Elements of Cantor Sets--with Applications
by Robert W. VallinA systematic and integrated approach to Cantor Sets and their applications to various branches of mathematics The Elements of Cantor Sets: With Applications features a thorough introduction to Cantor Sets and applies these sets as a bridge between real analysis, probability, topology, and algebra. The author fills a gap in the current literature by providing an introductory and integrated perspective, thereby preparing readers for further study and building a deeper understanding of analysis, topology, set theory, number theory, and algebra. The Elements of Cantor Sets provides coverage of: Basic definitions and background theorems as well as comprehensive mathematical details A biography of Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor, one of the most significant mathematicians of the last century Chapter coverage of fractals and self-similar sets, sums of Cantor Sets, the role of Cantor Sets in creating pathological functions, p-adic numbers, and several generalizations of Cantor Sets A wide spectrum of topics from measure theory to the Monty Hall Problem An ideal text for courses in real analysis, topology, algebra, and set theory for undergraduate and graduate-level courses within mathematics, computer science, engineering, and physics departments, The Elements of Cantor Sets is also appropriate as a useful reference for researchers and secondary mathematics education majors.
The Elements of Choice: Why the Way We Decide Matters
by Eric J. Johnson&‘Indispensable&’ Daniel Kahneman How do you get people to donate their organs? What&’s the trick to reading a wine list? What&’s the perfect number of potential matches a dating site should offer? Every time we make a choice, our minds go through an elaborate process most of us never even notice. We&’re influenced by subtle aspects of the way the choice is presented that often make the difference between a good decision and a bad one. To overcome the common faults in our decision-making and enable better choices in any situation involves conscious and intentional decision design. Transcending the familiar concepts of nudges and defaults, The Elements of Choice offers a comprehensive, systematic guide to creating effective choice architectures, the environments in which we make decisions. The designers of decisions need to consider all the elements involved in presenting a choice: how many options to offer, how to present those options, how to account for our natural cognitive shortcuts, and much more. These levers are unappreciated, yet they impact our reasoning every day. This book doesn&’t simply analyse the mental fallacies that trip us up. It goes further to show us what good decision-making looks like – that it can be both moral and effective.
The Elements of Hawkes Processes
by Thomas Taimre Patrick J. Laub Young LeeHawkes processes are studied and used in a wide range of disciplines: mathematics, social sciences, and earthquake modelling, to name a few. This book presents a selective coverage of the core and recent topics in the broad field of Hawkes processes. It consists of three parts. Parts I and II summarise and provide an overview of core theory (including key simulation methods) and inference methods, complemented by a selection of recent research developments and applications. Part III is devoted to case studies in seismology and finance that connect the core theory and inference methods to practical scenarios. This book is designed primarily for applied probabilists, statisticians, and machine learners. However, the mathematical prerequisites have been kept to a minimum so that the content will also be of interest to undergraduates in advanced mathematics and statistics, as well as machine learning practitioners. Knowledge of matrix theory with basics of probability theory, including Poisson processes, is considered a prerequisite. Colour-blind-friendly illustrations are included.
The Elements of Integration and Lebesgue Measure (Wiley Classics Library #92)
by Robert G. BartleConsists of two separate but closely related parts. Originally published in 1966, the first section deals with elements of integration and has been updated and corrected. The latter half details the main concepts of Lebesgue measure and uses the abstract measure space approach of the Lebesgue integral because it strikes directly at the most important results—the convergence theorems.
The Elements of Matlab® Style
by Richard K. JohnsonThe Elements of MATLAB Style is a guide for both new and experienced MATLAB programmers. It provides a comprehensive collection of standards and guidelines for creating solid MATLAB code that will be easy to understand, enhance, and maintain. It is written for both individuals and those working in teams in which consistency is critical. This is the only book devoted to MATLAB style and best programming practices, focusing on how MATLAB code can be written in order to maximize its effectiveness. Just as Strunk and White's The Elements of Style provides rules for writing in the English language, this book provides conventions for formatting, naming, documentation, programming and testing. It includes many concise examples of correct and incorrect usage, as well as coverage of the latest language features. The author also provides recommendations on use of the integrated development environment features that help produce better, more consistent software.
The Elements of Non-Euclidean Geometry
by D. M.Y. SommervilleThis volume became the standard text in the field almost immediately upon its original publication. Renowned for its lucid yet meticulous exposition, it can be appreciated by anyone familiar with high school algebra and geometry. Its arrangement follows the traditional pattern of plane and solid geometry, in which theorems are deduced from axioms and postulates. In this manner, students can follow the development of non-Euclidean geometry in strictly logical order, from a fundamental analysis of the concept of parallelism to such advanced topics as inversion and transformations.Topics include elementary hyperbolic geometry; elliptic geometry; analytic non-Euclidean geometry; representations of non-Euclidean geometry in Euclidean space; and space curvature and the philosophical implications of non-Euclidean geometry. Additional subjects encompass the theory of the radical axes, homothetic centers, and systems of circles; inversion, equations of transformation, and groups of motions; and the classification of conics.Although geared toward undergraduate students, this text treats such important and difficult topics as the relation between parataxy and parallelism, the absolute measure, the pseudosphere, Gauss’ proof of the defect-area theorem, geodesic representation, and other advanced subjects. In addition, its 136 problems offer practice in using the forms and methods developed in the text.
The Ellipse
by Arthur MazerExplores the development of the ellipse and presents mathematical concepts within a rich, historical contextThe Ellipse features a unique, narrative approach when presenting the development of this mathematical fixture, revealing its parallels to mankind's advancement from the Counter-Reformation to the Enlightenment. Incorporating illuminating historical background and examples, the author brings together basic concepts from geometry, algebra, trigonometry, and calculus to uncover the ellipse as the shape of a planet's orbit around the sun.The book begins with a discussion that tells the story of man's pursuit of the ellipse, from Aristarchus to Newton's successful unveiling nearly two millenniums later. The narrative draws insightful similarities between mathematical developments and the advancement of the Greeks, Romans, Medieval Europe, and Renaissance Europe. The author begins each chapter by setting the historical backdrop that is pertinent to the mathematical material that is discussed, equipping readers with the knowledge to fully grasp the presented examples and derive the ellipse as the planetary pathway. All topics are presented in both historical and mathematical contexts, and additional mathematical excursions are clearly marked so that readers have a guidepost for the materials' relevance to the development of the ellipse.The Ellipse is an excellent book for courses on the history of mathematics at the undergraduate level. It is also a fascinating reference for mathematicians, engineers, or anyone with a general interest in historical mathematics.
The Emergence of Mathematical Meaning: interaction in Classroom Cultures (Studies in Mathematical Thinking and Learning Series)
by Paul Cobb Heinrich BauersfeldThis book grew out of a five-year collaboration between groups of American and German mathematics educators. The central issue addressed accounting for the messiness and complexity of mathematics learning and teaching as it occurs in classroom situations. The individual chapters are based on the view that psychological and sociological perspectives each tell half of a good story. To unify these concepts requires a combined approach that takes individual students' mathematical activity seriously while simultaneously seeing their activity as necessarily socially situated. Throughout their collaboration, the chapter authors shared a single set of video recordings and transcripts made in an American elementary classroom where instruction was generally compatible with recent reform recommendations. As a consequence, the book is much more than a compendium of loosely related papers. The combined approach taken by the authors draws on interactionism and ethnomethodology. Thus, it constitutes an alternative to Vygotskian and Soviet activity theory approaches. The specific topics discussed in individual chapters include small group collaboration and learning, the teacher's practice and growth, and language, discourse, and argumentation in the mathematics classroom. This collaborative effort is valuable to educators and psychologists interested in situated cognition and the relation between sociocultural processes and individual psychological processes.
The Emergence of Probability
by Ian HackingHistorical records show that there was no real concept of probability in Europe before the mid-seventeenth century, although the use of dice and other randomizing objects was commonplace. Ian Hacking presents a philosophical critique of early ideas about probability, induction, and statistical inference and the growth of this new family of ideas in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries. Hacking invokes a wide intellectual framework involving the growth of science, economics, and the theology of the period. He argues that the transformations that made it possible for probability concepts to emerge have constrained all subsequent development of probability theory and determine the space within which philosophical debate on the subject is still conducted. First published in 1975, this edition includes a new introduction that contextualizes his book in light of new work and philosophical trends. Ian Hacking is the winner of the Holberg International Memorial Prize 2009.
The Emerging Quantum
by Luis de la Peña Ana María Cetto Andrea Valdés HernándezThis monograph presents the latest findings from a long-term research project intended to identify the physics behind Quantum Mechanics. A fundamental theory for quantum mechanics is constructed from first physical principles, revealing quantization as an emergent phenomenon arising from a deeper stochastic process. As such, it offers the vibrant community working on the foundations of quantum mechanics an alternative contribution open to discussion. The book starts with a critical summary of the main conceptual problems that still beset quantum mechanics. The basic consideration is then introduced that any material system is an open system in permanent contact with the random zero-point radiation field, with which it may reach a state of equilibrium. Working from this basis, a comprehensive and self-consistent theoretical framework is then developed. The pillars of the quantum-mechanical formalism are derived, as well as the radiative corrections of nonrelativistic QED, while revealing the underlying physical mechanisms. The genesis of some of the central features of quantum theory is elucidated, such as atomic stability, the spin of the electron, quantum fluctuations, quantum nonlocality and entanglement. The theory developed here reaffirms fundamental scientific principles such as realism, causality, locality and objectivity.