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Datum und Kalender: Von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart
by Winfried GörkeNach einer Einführung in das Kalenderwesen erläutert der Autor Alternativen zum gregorianischen Kalender. Er präsentiert verschiedene Kalendersysteme wie den europäischen, den japanischen, chinesischen und den jüdischen Kalender und erläutert anhand der Oster-Berechnung die Methoden der Informatik, die für die Festlegung kalenderabhängiger Festtage von Bedeutung sind. Darüber hinaus stellt er eine Reihe von Vorschlägen zur Verbesserung von Kalendern vor.
David Makinson on Classical Methods for Non-Classical Problems (Outstanding Contributions to Logic #3)
by Sven Ove HanssonThe volume analyses and develops David Makinson's efforts to make classical logic useful outside its most obvious application areas. The book contains chapters that analyse, appraise, or reshape Makinson's work and chapters that develop themes emerging from his contributions. These are grouped into major areas to which Makinsons has made highly influential contributions and the volume in its entirety is divided into four sections, each devoted to a particular area of logic: belief change, uncertain reasoning, normative systems and the resources of classical logic. Among the contributions included in the volume, one chapter focuses on the "inferential preferential method", i. e. the combined use of classical logic and mechanisms of preference and choice and provides examples from Makinson's work in non-monotonic and defeasible reasoning and belief revision. One chapter offers a short autobiography by Makinson which details his discovery of modern logic, his travels across continents and reveals his intellectual encounters and inspirations. The chapter also contains an unusually explicit statement on his views on the (limited but important) role of logic in philosophy.
Day-by-Day Math Thinking Routines in Fifth Grade: 40 Weeks of Quick Prompts and Activities
by Nicki NewtonDay-by-Day Math Thinking Routines in Fifth Grade helps you provide students with a review of the foundational ideas in math, every day of the week! Based on the bestselling Daily Math Thinking Routines in Action, the book follows the simple premise that frequent, rigorous, engaging practice leads to mastery and retention of concepts, ideas, and skills. These worksheet-free, academically rigorous routines and prompts follow grade level priority standards and include whole group, individual, and partner work. The book can be used with any math program, or for small groups, workstations, or homework. Inside you will find: 40 weeks of practice 1 activity a day 200 activities total Answer Key For each week, the Anchor Routines cover these key areas: Monday: General Thinking Routines; Tuesday: Vocabulary; Wednesday: Place Value; Thursday: Fluency; and Friday: Problem Solving. Get your students’ math muscles moving with the easy-to-follow routines in this book!
Day-by-Day Math Thinking Routines in First Grade: 40 Weeks of Quick Prompts and Activities
by Nicki NewtonDay-by-Day Math Thinking Routines in First Grade helps you provide students with a review of the foundational ideas in math, every day of the week! Based on the bestselling Daily Math Thinking Routines in Action, the book follows the simple premise that frequent, rigorous, engaging practice leads to mastery and retention of concepts, ideas, and skills. These worksheet-free, academically rigorous routines and prompts follow the grade level priority standards and include whole group, individual, and partner work. The book can be used with any math program, or for small groups, workstations, or homework. Inside you will find: 40 weeks of practice 1 activity a day 200 activities total Answer Key For each week, the Anchor Routines cover these key areas: Monday: General Thinking Routines; Tuesday: Vocabulary; Wednesday: Place Value; Thursday: Fluency; and Friday: Problem Solving. Get your students’ math muscles moving with the easy-to-follow routines in this book!
Day-by-Day Math Thinking Routines in Fourth Grade: 40 Weeks of Quick Prompts and Activities
by Nicki NewtonDay-by-Day Math Thinking Routines in Fourth Grade helps you provide students with a review of the foundational ideas in math, every day of the week! Based on the bestselling Daily Math Thinking Routines in Action, the book follows the simple premise that frequent, rigorous, engaging practice leads to mastery and retention of concepts, ideas, and skills. These worksheet-free, academically rigorous routines and prompts follow the grade level priority standards and include whole group, individual, and partner work. The book can be used with any math program, or for small groups, workstations, or homework. Inside you will find: 40 weeks of practice 1 activity a day 200 activities total Answer Key For each week, the Anchor Routines cover these key areas: Monday: General Thinking Routines; Tuesday: Vocabulary; Wednesday: Place Value; Thursday: Fluency; and Friday: Problem Solving. Get your students’ math muscles moving with the easy-to-follow routines in this book!
Day-by-Day Math Thinking Routines in Kindergarten: 40 Weeks of Quick Prompts and Activities
by Nicki NewtonDay-by-Day Math Thinking Routines in Kindergarten helps you provide students with a review of the foundational ideas in math, every day of the week! Based on the bestselling Daily Math Thinking Routines in Action, the book follows the simple premise that frequent, rigorous, engaging practice leads to mastery and retention of concepts, ideas, and skills. These worksheet-free, academically rigorous routines and prompts follow the kindergarten priority standards and include whole group, individual, and partner work. The book can be used with any math program, or for small groups, workstations, or homework. Inside you will find: 40 weeks of practice 1 activity a day 200 activities total Answer Key For each week, the Anchor Routines cover these key areas: Monday: General Thinking Routines; Tuesday: Vocabulary; Wednesday: Place Value; Thursday: Fluency; and Friday: Problem Solving. Get your students’ math muscles moving with the easy-to-follow routines in this book!
Day-by-Day Math Thinking Routines in Second Grade: 40 Weeks of Quick Prompts and Activities
by Nicki NewtonDay-by-Day Math Thinking Routines in Second Grade helps you provide students with a review of the foundational ideas in math, every day of the week! Based on the bestselling Daily Math Thinking Routines in Action, the book follows the simple premise that frequent, rigorous, engaging practice leads to mastery and retention of concepts, ideas, and skills. These worksheet-free, academically rigorous routines and prompts follow second grade level priority standards and include whole group, individual, and partner work. The book can be used with any math program, or for small groups, workstations, or homework. Inside you will find: 40 weeks of practice 1 activity a day 200 activities total Answer Key For each week, the Anchor Routines cover these key areas: Monday: Reasoning; Tuesday: Vocabulary; Wednesday: Place Value; Thursday: Fluency; and Friday: Problem Solving. Get your students’ math muscles moving with the easy-to-follow routines in this book!
Day-by-Day Math Thinking Routines in Third Grade: 40 Weeks of Quick Prompts and Activities
by Nicki NewtonDay-by-Day Math Thinking Routines in Third Grade helps you provide students with a review of the foundational ideas in math, every day of the week! Based on the bestselling Daily Math Thinking Routines in Action, the book follows the simple premise that frequent, rigorous, engaging practice leads to mastery and retention of concepts, ideas, and skills. These worksheet-free, academically rigorous routines and prompts follow grade level priority standards and include whole group, individual, and partner work. The book can be used with any math program, or for small groups, workstations, or homework. Inside you will find: 40 weeks of practice 1 activity a day 200 activities total Answer Key For each week, the Anchor Routines cover these key areas: Monday: General Thinking Routines; Tuesday: Vocabulary; Wednesday: Place Value; Thursday: Fluency; and Friday: Problem Solving. Get your students’ math muscles moving with the easy-to-follow routines in this book!
De sphaera of Johannes de Sacrobosco in the Early Modern Period: The Authors of the Commentaries
by Matteo VallerianiThis open access book explores commentaries on an influential text of pre-Copernican astronomy in Europe. It features essays that take a close look at key intellectuals and how they engaged with the main ideas of this qualitative introduction to geocentric cosmology. Johannes de Sacrobosco compiled his Tractatus de sphaera during the thirteenth century in the frame of his teaching activities at the then recently founded University of Paris. It soon became a mandatory text all over Europe. As a result, a tradition of commentaries to the text was soon established and flourished until the second half of the 17th century. Here, readers will find an informative overview of these commentaries complete with a rich context. The essays explore the educational and social backgrounds of the writers. They also detail how their careers developed after the publication of their commentaries, the institutions and patrons they were affiliated with, what their agenda was, and whether and how they actually accomplished it. The editor of this collection considers these scientific commentaries as genuine scientific works. The contributors investigate them here not only in reference to the work on which it comments but also, and especially, as independent scientific contributions that are socially, institutionally, and intellectually contextualized around their authors.
Death and Social Policy in Challenging Times
by Liam Foster Kate WoodthorpeThe study of death has the capacity to bring together a range of policy areas. Yet death is often overlooked within policy debates in the UK and beyond, and within gerontology. Bringing together a range of scholars engaged in policy associated with death, this collection provides a holistic account of how death factors in social policy. Within this, issues covered include inheritance, palliative care, euthanasia, funeral costs, bereavement support, marginalised deaths and disposal practices. At the heart of the book, the volume recognises that the issues identified are likely to intensify and expand over the next twenty years, as death rates continue to rise.
Death: A Survival Guide
by Sarah BrewerWe all have a 100% chance of dying--eventually. But what are the world's biggest killers? When are you most at risk? And what can you do to postpone the inevitable for as long as possible? Death: A Survival Guide offers a unique insight into the biggest threats to life and limb in the industrialized world. Sarah Brewer's comprehensive and thorough survey looks at 100 causes of death from the most common such as heart disease, smoking related deaths and domestic accidents to the unusual and downright bizarre lightning strikes and animal attacks. This fascinating--and occasionally sideways--look at death and dying will help you understand the most common causes of death and how each one affects the human body. "At a glance" statistics reveal who dies where, when and how often; lists of warning signs, symptoms and risk factors allow you to determine the chances of it happening to you; and finally case studies on prevention, treatment and cures describe the best steps you can take to avoid meeting your maker in this way.
Debunking Seven Terrorism Myths Using Statistics (ASA-CRC Series on Statistical Reasoning in Science and Society)
by Andre PythonWhat is terrorism? What can we learn and what cannot we learn from terrorism data? What are the perspectives and limitations of the analysis of terrorism data? Over the last decade, scholars have generated unprecedented insight from the statistical analysis of ever-growing databases on terrorism. Yet their findings have not reached the public. This book translates the current state of knowledge on global patterns of terrorism free of unnecessary jargon. Readers will be gradually introduced to statistical reasoning and tools applied to critically analyze terrorism data within a rigorous framework. Debunking Seven Terrorism Myths Using Statistics communicates evidence-based research work on terrorism to a general audience. It describes key statistics that provide an overview of the extent and magnitude of terrorist events perpetrated by actors independent of state governments across the world. The books brings a coherent and rigorous methodological framework to address issues stemming from the statistical analysis of terrorism data and its interpretations. Features Uses statistical reasoning to identify and address seven major misconceptions about terrorism. Discusses the implications of major issues about terrorism data on the interpretation of its statistical analysis. Gradually introduces the complexity of statistical methods to familiarize the non-statistician reader with important statistical concepts to analyze data. Use illustrated examples to help the reader develop a critical approach applied to the quantitative analysis of terrorism data. Includes chapters focusing on major aspects of terrorism: definitional issues, lethality, geography, temporal and spatial patterns, and the predictive ability of models.
Decentralization In Infinite Horizon Economies
by Mukul MajumdarThis book summarizes some issues involved in developing a theory of decentralized resource allocation mechanism in infinite horizon economies. It constitutes a definitive account of cutting-edge research on a topic of continuing importance in price theory. .
Deceptive AI: First International Workshop, DeceptECAI 2020, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, August 30, 2020 and Second International Workshop, DeceptAI 2021, Montreal, Canada, August 19, 2021, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1296)
by Benjamin Wright Stefan Sarkadi Peta Masters Peter McBurneyThis book constitutes selected papers presented at the First International Workshop on Deceptive AI, DeceptECAI 2020, held in conjunction with the 24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2020, in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, in August 2020, and Second International Workshop on Deceptive AI, DeceptAI 2021, held in conjunction with the 30th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2021, in Montreal, Canada, in August 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic both conferences were held in a virtual mode. The 12 papers presented were thoroughly reviewed and selected from the 16 submissions. They present recent developments in the growing area of research in the interface between deception and AI.
Decidability of Logical Theories and Their Combination (Studies in Universal Logic)
by João Rasga Cristina SernadasThis textbook provides a self-contained introduction to decidability of first-order theories and their combination. The technical material is presented in a systematic and universal way and illustrated with plenty of examples and a range of proposed exercises.After an overview of basic first-order logic concepts, the authors discuss some model-theoretic notions like embeddings, diagrams, and elementary substructures. The text then goes on to explore an applicable way to deduce logical consequences from a given theory and presents sufficient conditions for a theory to be decidable. The chapters that follow focus on quantifier elimination, decidability of the combination of first-order theories and the basics of computability theory. The inclusion of a chapter on Gentzen calculus, cut elimination, and Craig interpolation, as well as a chapter on combination of theories and preservation of decidability, help to set this volume apart from similar books in the field.Decidability of Logical Theories and their Combination is ideal for graduate students of Mathematics and is equally suitable for Computer Science, Philosophy and Physics students who are interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the subject. The book is also directed to researchers that intend to get acquainted with first-order theories and their combination.
Decision Analysis through Modeling and Game Theory (Advances in Applied Mathematics)
by William P. FoxThis unique book presents decision analysis in the context of mathematical modeling and game theory. The author emphasizes and focuses on the model formulation and modeling-building skills required for decision analysis, as well as the technology to support the analysis.The primary objective of Decision Analysis through Modeling and Game Theory is illustrative in nature. It sets the tone through the introduction to mathematical modeling. The text provides a process for formally thinking about the problem and illustrates many scenarios and illustrative examples.These techniques and this approach center on the fact (a) decision makers at all levels must be exposed to the tools and techniques available to help them in the decision process, (b) decision makers as well as analysts need to have and use technology to assist in the entire analysis process, (c) the interpretation and explanation of the results are crucial to understanding the strengths and limitations of modeling, and (d) the interpretation and use of sensitivity analysis is essential.The book begins with a look at decision-making methods, including probability and statistics methods under risk of uncertainty. It moves to linear programming and multi-attribute decision-making methods with a discussion of weighting methods. Game theory is introduced through conflict games and zero-sum or constant-sum games. Nash equilibriums are next, followed by utility theory. Evolutionary stable strategies lead to Nash arbitration and cooperation methods and N-person methods presented for both total and partial conflict games.Several real-life examples and case studies using game theory are used throughout. This book would be best used for a senior-level course in mathematics, operations research, or graduate-level courses or decision modeling courses offered in business schools. The book will be of interest to departments offering mathematical modeling courses with any emphasis on modeling for decision making.
Decision Intelligence Solutions: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology, InCITe 2023, Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #1080)
by Manju Khari Seán McLoone Nitasha Hasteer Purushottam SharmaThis book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Technology (InCITe-2023). It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of state-of-the-art research and development in decision intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, artificial intelligence, data science, and enabling technologies for IoT, blockchain, and other futuristic computational technologies. It covers various topics that span cutting-edge, collaborative technologies and areas of computation. The content would serve as a rich knowledge repository on information & communication technologies, neural networks, fuzzy systems, natural language processing, data mining & warehousing, big data analytics, cloud computing, security, social networks and intelligence, decision-making and modeling, information systems, and IT architectures. This book provides a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.
Decision Intelligence: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology, InCITe 2023, Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #1079)
by B. K. Murthy Nitasha Hasteer Jean-Paul Van Belle B. V. R. ReddyThis book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Technology (InCITe-2023). It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of state-of-the-art research and development in decision intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, artificial intelligence, data science, and enabling technologies for IoT, blockchain, and other futuristic computational technologies. It covers various topics that span cutting-edge, collaborative technologies and areas of computation. The content would serve as a rich knowledge repository on information & communication technologies, neural networks, fuzzy systems, natural language processing, data mining & warehousing, big data analytics, cloud computing, security, social networks, and intelligence, decision-making, and modeling, information systems, and IT architectures. This book provides a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.
Decision Making Optimization Models for Business Partnerships
by Gholam R. Amin Mustapha Ibn BoamahEfficiency and productivity improvement are imperative for businesses to remain competitive in an increasingly dynamic marketplace. While business organizations have the potential to thrive independently, collaborating with others fosters a collective strength that can lead to greater innovation, expanded reach, and shared success.Decision making optimization models for business partnerships are essential, as businesses seldom have all the resources they need, and thus, they require alliances and partnerships with others to enable them to meet their goals. Decision Making Optimization Models for Business Partnerships extends non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) and parametric econometrics approaches to better understand how economic efficiency and market competitiveness are achieved for different types of partnerships and strategic alliances.Features Global contributions for a wide range of professionals and academics Invaluable resources for businesses, analysts, and academics interested in DEA, optimization, and operations research more widely Introduces readers to novel approaches, models, and decision making techniques on performance evaluation and business partnerships via the medium of parametric and nonparametric optimization.
Decision Making Theories and Methods Based on Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
by Shuping Wan Jiuying DongThis is the first book to provide a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the ranking methods for interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets, multi-criteria decision-making methods with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets, and group decision-making methods with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations. Including numerous application examples and illustrations with tables and figures and presenting the authors’ latest research developments, it is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of fuzzy mathematics, operations research, information science, management science and decision analysis.
Decision Making Under Uncertainty Via Optimization, Modelling, and Analysis (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #558)
by Ronald R. Yager Laxminarayan Sahoo Madhumangal Pal Tapan SenapatiThis book focuses on cutting-edge developments in optimal decision-making incorporating modeling and optimization for determining renewable energy sources, supply chain management, and environmental planning under uncertainty. It addresses mathematical models of cost-effective management policies. This book presents the best decision-making practices for solving real-world challenges. This book provides access to an invaluable collection of various decision-making issues that scholars and industry practitioners use as a reference. The readers are able to understand how decision-making problems are formulated under uncertainty and how to use right optimization strategies to fix problems.
Decision Making and Decision Support in the Information Era: Dedicated to Academician Florin Filip (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #534)
by Janusz Kacprzyk Valentina Emilia Balas Gintautas Dzemyda Smaranda BelciugThis book is a comprehensive and full-fledged presentation of how modern algorithmic tools and techniques with software implementations can provide an effective and efficient solution of a multitude of problems faced in real life. These problems range from all kinds of data analyses, medical data analyses, image analyses and recognitions, support of medical diagnoses, etc. to new concepts of smart towns and other environments. Emphasis will be on the role of intelligent systems and artificial intelligence and a synergistic collaboration between human beings and computer systems. Modern decision support systems are a main focus point.
Decision Making and Optimization
by Martin Gavalec Jaroslav Ramík Karel ZimmermannThe book is a benefit for graduate and postgraduate students in the areas of operations research, decision theory, optimization theory, linear algebra, interval analysis and fuzzy sets. The book will also be useful for the researchers in the respective areas. The first part of the book deals with decision making problems and procedures that have been established to combine opinions about alternatives related to different points of view. Procedures based on pairwise comparisons are thoroughly investigated. In the second part we investigate optimization problems where objective functions and constraints are characterized by extremal operators such as maximum, minimum or various triangular norms (t-norms). Matrices in max-min algebra are useful in applications such as automata theory, design of switching circuits, logic of binary relations, medical diagnosis, Markov chains, social choice, models of organizations, information systems, political systems and clustering. The input data in real problems are usually not exact and can be characterized by interval values.
Decision Making in Inventory Management (Inventory Optimization)
by Nita H. Shah Mandeep Mittal Leopoldo Eduardo Cárdenas-BarrónThis book provides several inventory models for making the right decision in inventory management under different environments. Basically, the optimal ordering policies are determined for situations with and without shortages in production-inventory systems. The chapters in the book include various features of inventory modeling i.e., inflation, deterioration, supply chain, learning, credit financing, carbon emission policy, stock-dependent demand, among others. The book is a useful resource for academicians, researchers, students, practitioners, and managers who can be benefited with the policies provided in the chapters of the book.
Decision Making in Service Industries: A Practical Approach
by Javier Faulin Angel A. Juan Michael J. Fry Scott E. GrasmanIn real-life scenarios, service management involves complex decision-making processes usually affected by random or stochastic variables. Under such uncertain conditions, the development and use of robust and flexible strategies, algorithms, and methods can provide the quantitative information necessary to make better business decisions. Decision M