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Drop Heating and Evaporation: Analytical Solutions in Curvilinear Coordinate Systems (Mathematical Engineering)
by Simona Tonini Gianpietro Elvio CossaliThis book describes analytical methods for modelling drop evaporation, providing the mathematical tools needed in order to generalise transport and constitutive equations and to find analytical solutions in curvilinear coordinate systems. Transport phenomena in gas mixtures are treated in considerable detail, and the basics of differential geometry are introduced in order to describe interface-related transport phenomena. One chapter is solely devoted to the description of sixteen different orthogonal curvilinear coordinate systems, reporting explicitly on the forms of their differential operators (gradient, divergent, curl, Laplacian) and transformation matrices. The book is intended to guide the reader from mathematics, to physical descriptions, and ultimately to engineering applications, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of applied mathematics when properly adapted to the real world. Though the book primarily addresses the needs of engineering researchers, it will also benefit graduate students.
Droplet Interactions and Spray Processes (Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications #121)
by Bernhard Weigand Grazia Lamanna Simona Tonini Gianpietro Elvio CossaliThis book provides a selection of contributions to the DIPSI workshop 2019 (Droplet Impact Phenomena & Spray Investigations) as well as recent progress of the Int. Research Training Group “DROPIT”.The DIPSI workshop, which is now at its thirteenth edition, represents an important opportunity to share recent knowledge on droplets and sprays in a variety of research fields and industrial applications. The research training group “DROPIT” is focused on droplet interaction technologies where microscopic effects influence strongly macroscopic behavior. This requires the inclusion of interface kinetics and/or a detailed analysis of surface microstructures. Normally, complicated technical processes cover the underlying basic mechanisms, and therefore, progress in the overall process modelling can hardly be gained. Therefore, DROPIT focuses on the underlying basic processes. This is done by investigating different spatial and/or temporal scales of the problems and by linking them through a multi-scale approach. In addition, multi-physics are required to understand e.g. problems for droplet-wall interactions, where porous structures are involved.
Drug Delivery Approaches: Perspectives from Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
by Bret BernerExplore this comprehensive discussion of the application of physiologically- and physicochemical-based models to guide drug delivery edited by leading experts in the field Drug Delivery Approaches: Perspectives from Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics delivers a thorough discussion of drug delivery options to achieve target profiles and approaches as defined by physical and pharmacokinetic models. The book offers an overview of drug absorption and physiological models, chapters on oral delivery routes with a focus on both PBPK and multiple dosage form options. It also provides an explanation of the pharmacokinetics of the formulation of drugs delivered by systemic transdermal routes. The distinguished editors have included practical and accessible resources that address the biological and delivery approaches to pulmonary and mucosal delivery of drugs. Emergency care settings are also described, with explorations of the relationship between parenteral infusion profiles and PK/PD. The future of drug delivery is addressed via discussions of virtual experiments to elucidate mechanisms and approaches to drug delivery and personalized medicine. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the utility of mathematical models in drug development and delivery An exploration of the techniques and applications of physiologically based models to drug delivery Discussions of oral delivery and pharmacokinetic models and oral site-directed delivery A review of integrated transdermal delivery and pharmacokinetics in development An examination of virtual experiment methods for integrating pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and drug delivery mechanisms Alternative endpoints to pharmacokinetics for topical delivery Perfect for researchers, industrial scientists, graduate students, and postdoctoral students in the area of pharmaceutical science and engineering, Drug Delivery Approaches: Perspectives from Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics will also earn a place in the libraries of formulators, pharmacokineticists, and clinical pharmacologists.
Drug Development Supported by Informatics
by Hiroko SatohThis book describes the state-of-the-art of chemoinformatics, bioinformatics, materials informatics and measurement/metrology informatics to develop drugs with desired activity or physicochemical properties and to optimize the functionality, efficacy, safety and quality of the compounds for drugs. Recently, "AI drug discovery", drug discovery research utilizing artificial intelligence technology such as machine learning, has attracted much attention. This book provides an overview of the four applied informatics fields and their applications in drug development for a wide spectrum of readers from learners to professional scientists in academia and industry. It focuses on the basic research stage of drug development with contributions from experts at the forefront of these fields. The authors hope that this book will be of assistance to explore new opportunities for collaboration between pharmaceutical science and informatics.
Drug Development for Rare Diseases (Chapman & Hall/CRC Biostatistics Series)
by Yang BoA disease is defined as rare if the prevalence is fewer than 200,000 in the United States. It is estimated that there are more than 7,000 rare diseases, which collectively affect 30 million Americans or 10% of the US population. This diverse and complex disease area poses challenges for patients, caregivers, regulators, drug developers, and other stakeholders. This book is proposed to give an overview of the common issues facing rare disease drug developers, summarize challenges specific to clinical development in small populations, discuss drug development strategies in the evolving regulatory environment, explain generation and utilization of different data and evidence inside and beyond clinical trials, and use recent examples to demonstrate these challenges and the development strategies that respond to the challenges. Key Features: • Rare disease. • Drug development. • Innovative clinical trial design. • Regulatory approval. • Real-world evidence.
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics: Frontiers, Strategies, and Applications
by Liang Shen WuXi AppTec DmpkPractical, state-of-the-art pharmacokinetic research methods, ideas, advancements, applications, and strategies Drawing on a wealth of extensive practical experience and theoretical research, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics encapsulates the most recent advancements and illustrative applications in the field. Sixty-eight relatively independent yet interconnected articles are included, each offering a unique perspective and providing in-depth interpretation. Readers can either read systematically or select specific topics of interest from the table of contents. Basic concepts, frontier advancements, DMPK research strategies, and technical methods are covered for novel drug modalities and therapeutics in different disease areas. The book encompasses a wide range of application and validation cases for DMPK research, including studies in in vitro ADME, in vivo pharmacokinetics, metabolite profiling and identification, radiolabeled ADME, and bioanalysis. Case studies showing the application of topics covered are included throughout, along with valuable insights into problem-solving and critical thinking. Written by a team of scientists specializing in DMPK research from the DMPK Department of WuXi AppTec, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics discusses sample topics including: ADME properties, metabolite identification, and bioanalytical strategies for oligonucleotide drugsStrategies and challenges in the determination of drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) values of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)Breaking barriers in CNS drug development with intrathecal and intracerebroventricular administrationApplication and detection techniques of biomarkers in drug developmentFlux dialysis method for assessing plasma protein binding of high protein-binding drugs Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics is an essential forward-thinking reference on the subject for pharmacy students, pharmaceutical industry researchers, and DMPK scientists, especially those exploring novel drug modalities.
Drug Synergism and Dose-Effect Data Analysis
by Ronald J. TallaridaNot since this author's bestselling Manual of Pharmacologic Calculation has there been an available reference for drug data analysis. Incorporating the most relevant parts of that work, Drug Synergism and Dose-Effect Data Analysis focuses on drug combinations and all the quantitative analyses needed to analyze drug combination dose-effect data and to design experiments with two or more compounds. The book contains the statistical methods, the theory, and the computation algorithms needed to analyze single and combination drug data. Numerous examples accompany a presentation that illustrates the calculations and experimental design considerations for modern drug analysis.
Drugspeak: The Analysis of Drug Discourse
by John Booth DaviesDrugspeak The Analysis of Drug Discourse describes the way in which conversations between drug users vary and change according to context and circumstance in ways that suggest that there is no single truth about the state we call addicted. The central thesis of the book is that the explanations that drug users give for their drug use make sense not so much as sources of facts, but as primarily functional statements shaped by a climate of moral and legal censure. Consequently the significance of drug conversations lies not in their literal semantics but in the purposes such conversations serve. The argument raises a number of fundamental issues about the performative rather than the informative nature of language, about the nature of the scientific facts concerning drug use, and about the very nature of science itself. Starting with a general overview of the problems arising from a mechanistic and deterministic view of science, the book identifies a need for a new approach to the un
Dual Phase Evolution
by David G. Green Hussein A. Abbass Jing LiuThe aim of the book is to lay out the foundations and provide a detailed treatment of the subject. It will focus on two main elements in dual phase evolution: the relationship between dual phase evolution and other phase transition phenomena and the advantages of dual phase evolution in evolutionary computation and complex adaptive systems. The book will provide a coherent picture of dual phase evolution that encompasses these two elements and frameworks, methods and techniques to use this concept for problem solving.
Dual Quaternions and Their Associated Clifford Algebras
by Ronald GoldmanClifford algebra for dual quaternions has emerged recently as an alternative to standard matrix algebra as a computational framework for computer graphics. This book presents dual quaternions and their associated Clifford algebras in a new light, accessible to and geared toward the computer graphics community. Collecting all the associated formulas and theorems in one place, this book provides an extensive and rigorous treatment of dual quaternions, as well as showing how two models of Clifford algebra emerge naturally from the theory of dual quaternions. Each section comes complete with a set of exercises to help readers sharpen and practice their understanding. This book is accessible to anyone with a basic knowledge of quaternion algebra and is of particular use to forward-thinking members of the computer graphics community.
Dual Tableaux: Foundations, Methodology, Case Studies
by Joanna Golińska Pilarek Ewa OrlowskaThis book presents logical foundations of dual tableaux together with a number of their applications both to logics traditionally dealt with in mathematics and philosophy (such as modal, intuitionistic, relevant, and many-valued logics) and to various applied theories of computational logic (such as temporal reasoning, spatial reasoning, fuzzy-set-based reasoning, rough-set-based reasoning, order-of magnitude reasoning, reasoning about programs, threshold logics, logics of conditional decisions). The distinguishing feature of most of these applications is that the corresponding dual tableaux are built in a relational language which provides useful means of presentation of the theories. In this way modularity of dual tableaux is ensured. We do not need to develop and implement each dual tableau from scratch, we should only extend the relational core common to many theories with the rules specific for a particular theory.
Dual-Feasible Functions for Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization
by Claudio Alves Francois Clautiaux José Valerio de Carvalho Jurgen RietzThis book provides a postgraduate audience the keys they need to understand and further develop a set of tools for the efficient computation of lower bounds and valid inequalities in integer programs and combinatorial optimization problems. After discussing the classical approaches described in the literature, the book addresses how to extend these tools to other non-standard formulations that may be applied to a broad set of applications. Examples are provided to illustrate the underlying concepts and to pave the way for future contributions.
Duality Theories for Boolean Algebras with Operators
by Steven GivantIn this new text, Steven Givant--the author of several acclaimed books, including works co-authored with Paul Halmos and Alfred Tarski--develops three theories of duality for Boolean algebras with operators. Givant addresses the two most recognized dualities (one algebraic and the other topological) and introduces a third duality, best understood as a hybrid of the first two. This text will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the fields of mathematics, computer science, logic, and philosophy who are interested in exploring special or general classes of Boolean algebras with operators. Readers should be familiar with the basic arithmetic and theory of Boolean algebras, as well as the fundamentals of point-set topology.
Due Date-Related Scheduling with Two Agents: Models and Algorithms (Uncertainty and Operations Research)
by Yunqiang Yin Dujuan Wang T.C.E. ChengThis book provides an introduction to the models, methods, and results of some due date-related scheduling problems in the field of multiagent scheduling. In multiagent scheduling, two or more agents share a common processing resource and each agent wants to optimize its own objective function with respect to its own set of jobs. Since the agents have conflicting objective functions, they have to negotiate among themselves with regard to sharing the common resource to optimize their own objective functions. A key feature of due date-related scheduling concerns the way in which due dates are considered: they can be given parameters or decision variables. For the former case, the motivation stems from the need to improve inventory and production management. For the latter case, due date assignment becomes a challenging issue since the decision-maker has to balance inventory holding costs against the benefits of fulfifilling orders in time.As for due dates, this book addresses the following three different scenarios: (i) The due dates of the jobs from either one or both of the two agents are decision variables, which are determined using some due date assignment models; (ii) The due dates of jobs in each job set are considered as given parameters, whereas which due date corresponds to a given job needs to determine; and (iii) The due date of each job is exogenously given. When the last case is involved, the objective function of each agent is related to the number of just-in-time jobs that are completed exactly on their due dates.For each considered scenario, depending on the model settings, and on the objective function of each agent, this book addresses the complexity, and the design of efficient exact or approximated algorithms.This book aims at introducing the author's research achievements in due date-related scheduling with two agents. It is written for researchers and Ph.D. students working in scheduling theory and other members of scientific community who are interested in recent scheduling models. Our goal is to enable the reader to know about some new achievements on this topic.
Duelling Idiots and Other Probability Puzzlers (Princeton Puzzlers)
by Paul J. NahinWhat are your chances of dying on your next flight, being called for jury duty, or winning the lottery? We all encounter probability problems in our everyday lives. In this collection of twenty-one puzzles, Paul Nahin challenges us to think creatively about the laws of probability as they apply in playful, sometimes deceptive, ways to a fascinating array of speculative situations. Games of Russian roulette, problems involving the accumulation of insects on flypaper, and strategies for determining the odds of the underdog winning the World Series all reveal intriguing dimensions to the workings of probability. Over the years, Nahin, a veteran writer and teacher of the subject, has collected these and other favorite puzzles designed to instruct and entertain math enthusiasts of all backgrounds. If idiots A and B alternately take aim at each other with a six-shot revolver containing one bullet, what is the probability idiot A will win? What are the chances it will snow on your birthday in any given year? How can researchers use coin flipping and the laws of probability to obtain honest answers to embarrassing survey questions? The solutions are presented here in detail, and many contain a profound element of surprise. And some puzzles are beautiful illustrations of basic mathematical concepts: "The Blind Spider and the Fly," for example, is a clever variation of a "random walk" problem, and "Duelling Idiots" and "The Underdog and the World Series" are straightforward introductions to binomial distributions. Written in an informal way and containing a plethora of interesting historical material, Duelling Idiots is ideal for those who are fascinated by mathematics and the role it plays in everyday life and in our imaginations.
Dusk of Dawn!: An Essay Toward an Autobiography of Race Concept (The\library Of America)
by W. E. DuBoisIn her perceptive introduction to this edition, Irene Diggs sets this classic autobiography against its broad historical context and critically analyzes its theoretical and methodological significance.
Dust-Gas Instabilities in Protoplanetary Disks: Toward Understanding Planetesimal Formation (Springer Theses)
by Ryosuke TominagaHow planets form is one of the long-standing questions in astrophysics. In particular, formation scenarios of planetesimals which are kilometer-sized bodies and a precursor of planets are still unclear and under debate although some promising mechanisms have been proposed.This book highlight disk instabilities that have the potential to explain the origin of planetesimals. Using linear analyses and numerical simulations, it addresses how a disk evolves through the development of instabilities, and also presents a new instability driven by dust coagulation. As a result, the simulation demonstrates a scenario of planetesimal formation: A successive development of multiple instabilities triggers planetesimal formation in resulting dusty rings.
Dynamic Data Analysis
by James Ramsay Giles HookerThis text focuses on the use of smoothing methods for developing and estimating differential equations following recent developments in functional data analysis and building on techniques described in Ramsay and Silverman (2005) Functional Data Analysis. The central concept of a dynamical system as a buffer that translates sudden changes in input into smooth controlled output responses has led to applications of previously analyzed data, opening up entirely new opportunities for dynamical systems. The technical level has been kept low so that those with little or no exposure to differential equations as modeling objects can be brought into this data analysis landscape. There are already many texts on the mathematical properties of ordinary differential equations, or dynamic models, and there is a large literature distributed over many fields on models for real world processes consisting of differential equations. However, a researcher interested in fitting such a model to data, or a statistician interested in the properties of differential equations estimated from data will find rather less to work with. This book fills that gap.
Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems: 4th International Conference, DDDAS 2022, Cambridge, MA, USA, October 6–10, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13984)
by Erik Blasch Alex Aved Frederica DaremaThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems, DDDAS 2022, which took place in Cambridge, MA, USA, during October 6–10, 2022.The 31 regular papers in the main track and 5 regular papers from the Wildfires panel, as well as one workshop paper, were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. They were organized in following topical sections: DDAS2022 Main-Track Plenary Presentations; Keynotes; DDDAS2022 Main-Track: Wildfires Panel; Workshop on Climate, Life, Earth, Planets.
Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems: 5th International Conference, DDDAS/Infosymbiotics for Reliable AI 2024, New Brunswick, NJ, USA, November 6–8, 2024, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #15514)
by Dimitris Metaxas Erik Blasch Frederica DaremaThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems, DDDAS/Infosymbiotics for Reliable AI 2024, held in New Brunswick, NJ, USA, during November 6–8, 2024. The 43 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. By combining DDDAS and typical AI approaches, the papers address state-of-the-art efforts to create frameworks for enabling new and advanced Science and Technology capabilities to address challenges and create opportunities in important areas, spanning a wide set of areas, such as: materials and aerospace systems; communications networks; energy infrastructures; cyber-security; adverse environmental situations; societal dynamics; computer vision; robotics; laboratory automation; bio-informatics and pharmaceuticals design; and more.
Dynamic Decoupling of Robot Manipulators
by Vigen ArakelianThis book presents the latest results in the field of dynamic decoupling of robot manipulators obtained in France, Russia, China and Austria.Manipulator dynamics can be highly coupled and nonlinear. The complicated dynamics result from varying inertia, interactions between the different joints, and nonlinear forces such as Coriolis and centrifugal forces. The dynamic decoupling of robot manipulators allows one to obtain a linear system, i.e. single-input and single output system with constant parameters. This simplifies the optimal control and accumulation of energy in manipulators. There are two ways to create the dynamically decoupled manipulators: via optimal mechanical design or control.This work emphasises mechatronic solutions. These will certainly improve the known design concepts permitting the dynamic decoupling of serial manipulators with a relatively small increase in total mass of the moving links taking into account the changing payload. For the first time such an approach has been applied on serial manipulators. Also of great interest is the dynamic decoupling control of parallel manipulators. Firstly, the dynamic model of redundant multi-axial vibration table with load has been established, and, secondly, its dynamic coupling characteristics have been analyzed. The discussed methods and applications of dynamic decoupling of robot manipulators are illustrated via CAD simulations and experimental tests.
Dynamic Demographic Analysis
by Robert SchoenThis volume presents state of the art analyses from scholars dealing with a range of demographic topics of current concern, including longevity, mortality and morbidity, migration, and how population composition impacts intergenerational transfer schemes. New approaches are applied to such issues as measuring changes in cohort survivorship in low mortality populations, patterns of mortality improvement at older ages, and the consequences of heterogeneity in the susceptibility to death. Studies examine models of the current status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, advance present methods for estimating population change in small areas, and strive to disentangle age, period, and cohort effects. In sum, the book addresses key contemporary issues in measuring and modeling dynamic populations, and advances the frontier of dynamic demography.
Dynamic Documents with R and knitr (Chapman & Hall/CRC The R Series #12)
by Yihui XieQuickly and Easily Write Dynamic Documents Suitable for both beginners and advanced users, Dynamic Documents with R and knitr, Second Edition makes writing statistical reports easier by integrating computing directly with reporting. Reports range from homework, projects, exams, books, blogs, and web pages to virtually any documents related to statistical graphics, computing, and data analysis. The book covers basic applications for beginners while guiding power users in understanding the extensibility of the knitr package. New to the Second Edition A new chapter that introduces R Markdown v2 Changes that reflect improvements in the knitr package New sections on generating tables, defining custom printing methods for objects in code chunks, the C/Fortran engines, the Stan engine, running engines in a persistent session, and starting a local server to serve dynamic documents Boost Your Productivity in Statistical Report Writing and Make Your Scientific Computing with R Reproducible Like its highly praised predecessor, this edition shows you how to improve your efficiency in writing reports. The book takes you from program output to publication-quality reports, helping you fine-tune every aspect of your report.
Dynamic Econometrics: Models and Applications
by Francis J. Bismans Olivier DametteThis textbook for advanced econometrics students introduces key concepts of dynamic non-stationary modelling. It discusses all the classic topics in time series analysis and linear models containing multiple equations, as well as covering panel data models, and non-linear models of qualitative variables. The book offers a general introduction to dynamic econometrics and covers topics including non-stationary stochastic processes, unit root tests, Monte Carlo simulations, heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, cointegration and error correction mechanism, models specification, and vector autoregressions. Going beyond advanced dynamic analysis, the book also meticulously analyses the classical linear regression model (CLRM) and introduces students to estimation and testing methods for the more advanced auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The book incorporates worked examples, algebraic explanations and learning exercises throughout. It will be a valuable resource for graduate and postgraduate students in econometrics and quantitative finance as well as academic researchers in this area.
Dynamic Economic Analysis
by Gerhard SorgerFocusing on deterministic models in discrete time, this concise yet rigorous textbook provides a clear and systematic introduction to the theory and application of dynamic economic models. It guides students through the most popular model structures and solution concepts, from the simplest dynamic economic models through to complex problems of optimal policy design in dynamic general equilibrium frameworks. Chapters feature theorems and practical hints, and 75 worked examples highlight the various methods and results that can be applied in dynamic economic models. Notation and formulation is uniform throughout, enabling students to easily discern the similarities and differences between various model classes. Chapters include more than 60 exercises for students to self-test their analytical skills, and password-protected solutions are available for instructors on the companion website. Assuming no prior knowledge of dynamic economic analysis or dynamic optimization, this textbook is ideal for advanced students in economics.