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Controversial Therapies for Developmental Disabilities: Fad, Fashion, and Science in Professional Practice
by James A. Mulick Richard M. Foxx John W. JacobsonOne of the largest and most complex human services systems in Western nations has evolved to address the needs of people with developmental disabilities. In the U. S. , for example, school budgets are stretched thin by legally mandated special education, and billions of Medicaid dollars annually are consumed by residential and professional services to this population. The temptation of a quick fix is strong. Many parents desperately seek the latest ideas and place pressure on program administrators, who often are not trained to think critically about the evidence base for intervention efforts. The problems of people with developmental disabilities have historically been targeted by a wide range of professionals who rely on clinical experience and intuition and do not submit their claims to the tests of scientific research. Professional entrepreneurs have energetically promoted their treatments to a public perhaps too trustful of those with credentials. Thus, families and their children are buffeted by reforms founded on belief and ideologically driven management. Services fluctuate with the currents of social movements and rapidly shifting philosophies of care as policymakers and providers strive for increased responsiveness and individualization. These forces affect not only where and how, but how well people are served. Too often, services are less effective than they could be, or worse, damaging to personal growth and quality of life. Many treatments are based on poorly understood or even disproven approaches. What approaches to early intervention, education, therapy, and remediation really help those with mental retardation and developmental disabilities improve their functioning and adaptation? And what approaches represent wastes of time, effort, and resources? This book brings together leading behavioral scientists and practitioners to focus light on the major controversies surrounding these questions. The authors review the origins, perpetuation, and resistance to scrutiny of questionable practices, and offer a clear rationale for appraising the quality of services. In an era of increasing accountability, no one with a professional stake in services to individuals with mental retardation and developmental disabilities can afford not to read this book.
Controversies and Dilemmas in Contemporary Psychiatry
by Dusan KecmanovicThe controversies and dilemmas in contemporary psychiatry are so numerous and serious that they, to a great extent, define psychiatry. Yet most psychiatrists pay little attention to the field's controversies, maintaining that talking about controversies tarnishes psychiatry's reputation and them along with it. Critics of psychiatry use these controversies and dilemmas, along with psychiatrists' unwillingness to discuss them, to undermine psychiatry. They question the existence of mental disorder and the purpose of psychiatric therapy. Kecmanovic undertakes a major effort of resolving with science, not ideology, such dilemmas.Although psychiatrists give no thought to the mind-body relationship, their attitude towards this relationship determines their approach to the mentally ill, their understanding of the origin and nature of the mental disorder, and the therapy they think has priority. Sometimes psychiatrists implicitly or explicitly cite a specific school of philosophy in order to find conceptual support for their particular practice. As a result psychiatrists do not speak the same language about the same issues. Kecmanovic suggests that there can be no dialogue without common language; opposing views cannot converge without dialogue.The behavior of the mentally ill is socially jarring. This is a major reason why the mentally ill are considered to be a menace. They threaten prevailing manners of communicating, expressing one's thoughts and feelings, and the existing meaning of symbols in a given environment. Deviance of a person with a mental disorder is specific; socially perceived as incomprehensible, irrational, and unpredictable. What is common to all reactions to the disruptive nature of a mental disorder is the desire to be protected from those with illness; in other words, to put them under control and supervision.
Controversies in Analytical Psychology
by Robert WithersHow can controversy promote mutual respect in analytical psychology?Analytical psychology is a broad church, and influences areas such as literature, cultural studies, and religion. However, in common with psychoanalysis, there are many different schools of thought and practice which have resulted in divisions within the field. Controversies in Analytical Psychology picks up on these and explores many of the most hotly contested issues in and around analytical psychology.A group of leading international Jungian authors have contributed papers from contrasting perspectives on a series of key controversies. Some of these concern clinical issues such as what helps patients get better, or how closely analysts should work with the transference. Other contributions focus on the relationship between analytical psychology and other disciplines including evolutionary theory, linguistics, politics and religion. A critical eye is cast over Jungian theories and practices, and a number of questions are raised:* are they homophobic?* do they denigrate women?* do they confuse absolute with narrative truth?* are the frequency of sessions chosen for political rather than clinical reasons?Controversies in Analytical Psychology encourages critical thinking on a variety of issues, helping foster dialogue and investigation in a climate of mutual respect and understanding. It will be invaluable for Jungian analysts and psychoanalysts in training and practice and psychotherapists.
Controversies in Aortic Dissection and Aneurysmal Disease
by Robert S. Bonser Domenico Pagano Axel Haverich Jorge MascaroIn this book the authors review the surgical management of patients with aortic disease. This often controversial area of management reveals many options open to cardiovascular specialist. This reference reviews each controversy and provides practical answers to the cardiac surgeon and will help them reveal the spectrum of disorders and their management.
Controversies in Assisted Reproduction
by Botros Rizk Yakoub KhalafAssisted Reproduction is a specialty undergoing rapid change as new technologies are introduced and new research challenges previous treatment options. This text examines a selection of controversial topics for both laboratory and clinical practice and tries to place them in perspective, so readers can understand how and why the current state of the question has come about and how future contributions to the debate should be measured. All physicians involved with the technologies concerned will learn from the expert contributions assembled here.CONTENTS: The use of ovarian markers * Use of molecular markers of endometrial receptivity * Use of GnRHa for triggering final oocyte maturation during ovarian stimulation cycles * Use of time-lapse embryo imaging in assisted reproductive technology practice * Use of cryopreservation for all embryos * Preimplantation genetic screening * The use of single embryo transfer * Use of luteal phase support * Measuring safety and efficiency in in vitro fertilization * To flush follicles during egg collection or not * Use of blastocyst culture * Use of mitochondrial donation * Controversies in recurrent implantation failure: From theory to practice * Fibroids: To remove or not? * Limitations of endometrioma surgery in in vitro fertilization: Possibilities of early disease control
Controversies in Cardiology
by John A. Ambrose Alfredo E. RodríguezThis book will consider several clinical and interventional topics for which there is uncertainty, continued debate and/or no consensus based on current guidelines. While there are numerous guidelines in cardiology, new and on-going trials that address new drugs treatments and procedures raise many unanswered questions. Furthermore, most practicing cardiologist taking care of the patients are likely unable to digest all of these studies or guidelines and necessarily correctly apply them to their patients. If one considers in the guidelines the frequent use of Level C (consensus), there are many areas or situations where no trial exists. Also, when applying the results of a trial to an individual patient, there can be uncertainty of how this patient should be managed based on the present body of evidence.
Controversies in Caring for Women with Epilepsy: Sorting Through the Evidence
by Mona Sazgar Cynthia L. HardenThis text presents difficult management issues surrounding women with epilepsy in a unique format. The Editors provide several controversial cases in adolescence, pre-conception, pregnancy and menopause with invited experts offering their differing opinions. The Editors compare the clinical approaches and build a consensus based on the best available evidence. Professionals charged with managing this challenging patient group will be given insights on providing the best possible care based on current available data and expert opinion.
Controversies in Clear Aligner Therapy: Contemporary Perspectives, Limitations, and Solutions
by Anderson T. Huang Darren HuangThis book is the first evidence-based evaluation of the present limitations and controversies in clear aligner therapy. It discusses problems in software, mechanotherapy, attachment optimization, interceptive treatment, the mandibular advancement appliance, complex movements, interproximal reduction, extraction therapy, deep bite/open bite correction, finishing, and overcorrection. Unlike current available texts on clear aligner therapy, this book features a nonpartisan, critical analysis of the problems of the technique and demonstrates their clinical implications. Unique solutions to the current limitations of clear aligner therapy are presented, and systematic strategies and protocols for addressing a vast range and complexity of malocclusions commonly confronted by practitioners are introduced. The book helps orthodontists, dentists, dental students, dental educators, technicians, and bioengineers to investigate prevailing misconceptions, and to address significant controversies and dilemmas in clear aligner therapy.
Controversies in Critical Care
by Jose Chacko Swapnil Pawar Ian Seppelt Gagan BrarThe book covers vigorously debated controversial topics in the field of critical care medicine over the years. It provides the reader with a balanced approach and guidance based on historical and currently available evidence in dealing with contentious clinical scenarios. The book reviews the most relevant, contemporaneous evidence on each topic and provides practical guidelines for clinical practice. The book includes chapters that follow a structured approach to controversies related to specific organ systems. The topics covered provide a summary of the most relevant, practice-changing studies in the field of critical care medicine. Each topic describes the basic applied physiology, points of controversy, the evidence base, and summarizes the key points at the end. It includes brief description of landmark studies on each controversial topic. The book serves as an important clinical guide to practitioners of critical care medicine when confronted with challenging clinical scenarios. Besides, it is a useful source of information to postgraduate trainees in various medical specialties. The topics addressed are among the most widely discussed during postgraduate examinations. It is also relevant for practitioners in general medicine and specialized areas of practice, including pulmonology (respiratory medicine), cardiology, neurology, nephrology, gastroenterology, and surgical specialties.
Controversies in Healthcare Innovation: Service, Technology And Organization
by Margunn Aanestad Antonella La Rocca Thomas HoholmThis book examines healthcare innovation processes, shedding light on the controversies endemic to innovation, which make such processes notoriously challenging. While, in the heat of action, controversies may be seen as barriers to innovation, observations reported in this volume point to controversies also having an energizing role. Students and academics studying innovation, organization, and health management and economics will find this book a valuable read as it provides empirical case studies on innovation processes in practice. Controversies in Healthcare Innovation will also appeal to practitioners of health care management, innovation project managers and policy-makers in the health care sector.
Controversies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
by Nancy S. Reau Amit G. SingalThis book is written for clinicians who care for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as health services researchers doing work in this area. The Editors and authors cover some of the emerging controversial topics that come up in HCC clinical practice and research. There are over 30 questions ranging from screening and diagnosis to therapeutics and survivorship. Chapters are begin with a controversy and the authors defend or refute the question. Comprehensive and unique, this book aims to help with management of this patient population.
Controversies in Latin American Bioethics (International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine #79)
by Eduardo Rivera-López Martin HeviaThis book offers a first rate selection of academic articles on Latin American bioethics. It covers different issues, such as vulnerability, abortion, biomedical research with human subjects, environment, exploitation, commodification, reproductive medicine, among others. Latin American bioethics has been, to an important extent, parochial and unable to meet stringent international standards of rational philosophical discussion. The new generations of bioethicists are changing this situation, and this book demonstrates that change. All articles are written from the perspective of Latin American scholars from several disciplines such as philosophy and law. Working with the tools of analytical philosophy and jurisprudence, this book defends views with rational argument, and opening for pluralistic discussion.
Controversies in Neuro-Ophthalmic Management: An Evidence and Case-Based Appraisal
by Amanda D. Henderson Andrew R. CareyThis book functions as a resource for providers who treat patients with neuro-ophthalmic conditions. Using an evidence-based approach to controversial management decisions, the material is presented in a digestible, case-based format. Divided into six sections, the book begins with an introduction to its framework, format, and purpose. Following this, sections two, three, and four discuss various optic neuropathies, ocular motility disorders, and transient visual symptoms. The concluding sections then address neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of pain, including migraine and post-concussive syndrome, and systemic diseases, such as giant cell arteritis. Each chapter focuses on cases that are historically complex, or which have undergone a recent shift in traditional management due to new scientific discoveries or newly available therapies. Controversies in Neuro-Ophthalmic Management presents essential, thorough information on management options and the data for their use to provide the best care for patients.
Controversies in Neuro-Ophthalmology
by Jacinthe Rouleau Reid Longmuir Andrew G LeeNeuro-ophthalmology, like in any field of medicine, has many areas where controversy exists in diagnosis and treatment. Controversies in Neuro-Ophthalmology provides a comprehensive overview on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of neuro-ophthalmic disorders and specifically addresses areas where there is a general lack of consens
Controversies in Obesity
by David W. Haslam Arya M. Sharma Carel W. le RouxThis book explores the pathophysiology, clinical assessment and management of the obese patient in the context of serious chronic disease, as well as the political and environmental aspects, including prevention. The book's approach of arriving at an exploration of these issues through the vehicle of assessing the controversies is unique and interesting, attempting to debunk the myths and explore the genuine science whilst demonstrating areas where healthy debate is rife.
Controversies in Obstetric Anesthesia and Analgesia
by Ian McconachieMcConachie (anesthesia and perioperative medicine, U. of Western Ontario, Canada) assembles 21 articles by obstetrics practitioners caring for high-risk patients at the University of Western Ontario and in the UK who outline debates in obstetric anesthesia and analgesia used in the perioperative and perinatal periods, for trainees and practitioners in anesthesia, obstetrics, and critical care medicine, as well as nurses and midwives. They address substance abuse and cardiac disease in pregnancy; management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, hemorrhage, and postdural puncture headache; anesthetic drugs and the developing fetal brain; ultrasound-guided epidural anesthesia, combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, and other types; coagulation and regional anesthesia; ambulatory and patient-controlled epidural analgesia; hypotension following spinal anesthesia; outcomes; cesarean section airway management, oxygen supplementation, oxytocin use and dosage, and analgesia; and other topics. Basic knowledge and experience in obstetric physiology, pharmacology, and anesthesia is assumed. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
Controversies in Oral Cancer: Head And Neck Cancer Clinics (Head and Neck Cancer Clinics)
by K. Alok Pathak Richard W. NasonThis volume brings together the work of experts from clinical and basic sciences specialties and addresses some of the controversial issues and advances in the management of oral cancer. Improving the outcome for the oral cancer patient will require dedicated work from many disciplines working together as multidisciplinary units. The book is meant for medical students, residents and consultants in various disciplines, including otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, maxillofacial surgery and oncology.
Controversies in Orthopaedic Surgery of the Lower Limb
by E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Alexander D. LiddleThis book presents the state of the art in controversies in orthopaedic surgery of the lower limb, i.e. of the hip, knee, and ankle, a treatment option that is becoming more and more frequent. Written by experts from leading institutions, it clarifies these controversies on the basis of real-world examples to provide readers with reliable insights.Each of the 3 sections discusses the most relevant controversies related to the joint specificities of hip, knee, and ankle – ranging from cemented vs. uncemented THR, through ACL reconstruction vs. repair, to the diverse treatment options for Achilles tendon rupture. This comprehensive guide is a valuable resource for all orthopaedic surgeons involved in the care of lower limb problems.
Controversies in Orthopedic Surgery of The Upper Limb
by E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Alonso Moreno-GarcíaThis book comprehensively discusses existing controversies in orthopedic and trauma surgery of the upper limb, i.e. of the shoulder, humerus, elbow, wrist and hand. Real-world examples by experts from leading institutions equip the reader with the necessary knowledge and insights to address controversial issues and clinical presentations.The volume is subdivided into 5 sections, each of which discusses the most relevant controversies related to each joint, such as surgical versus conservative interventions, resection vs. prosthetic arthroplasty and more generally if, when and how to intervene in diverse pathologic conditions. This comprehensive guide is a valuable resource for all orthopedic surgeons, residents and fellows practicing in the field of upper limb surgery.
Controversies in Pediatric Appendicitis
by Catherine J. HunterAlthough appendicitis is the leading cause of an acute surgical abdomen in children, many areas of controversy exist in diagnosis and medical and surgical management of this condition. Written in a practical, easy-to-use format, Controversies in Pediatric Appendicitis provides a thorough overview of these debated issues, careful to include perspectives on every aspect of care. The book begins with an introductory framework that examines the history of pediatric appendicitis, the epidemiology of disease, defining a complicated diagnosis, the role and efficacy of laboratories in diagnosis, and use and overuse of radiographic imaging for appendicitis. Later chapters cover antibiotic selection, surgical approaches to appendicitis, non-operative management of acute and perforated appendicitis, discussion of potential complications, as well as appendicitis in special pediatric situations like malignancy and other instances of immune suppression. Each chapter follows a similar format, beginning with clinical vignettes and concluding with pearls and pitfalls to provide readers with necessary clinical grounding and context with which to examine each of these areas of current controversy. A unique, first-of-its-kind book, Controversies in Pediatric Appendicitis is an ideal resource for pediatric surgeons, interventional radiologists, emergency room specialists, and all providers and surgeons that care for children with appendicitis.
Controversies in Radiation Oncology (Medical Radiology)
by Bin S. Teh Simon S. Lo Guo-Liang Jiang Nina A. MayrThis book addresses key issues of controversy in radiation oncology for each disease site, with expert commentaries from leading authorities in the field. It identifies areas of confusion arising from discrepant data in the literature regarding certain clinical scenarios for different diseases and presents high-level evidence on each issue with a view to fostering best practice. Controversies in Radiation Oncology will serve as a very useful resource for busy radiation oncology physicians, practitioners, and trainees/residents/fellows seeking to utilize evidence in the literature to guide the management of radiation therapy patients.
Controversies in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Management
by Shelly D. TimmonsThis text addresses the current levels of evidence for management of a variety of critical parameters after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), as well as providing the reader with practical approaches to care based upon existing evidence. A broad range of topics is included, ranging from specific critical care approaches to TBI to broader questions of prognostication and philosophies of treatment. Critical care topics include, for example: the type, timing, and safety of DVT prophylaxis; the choice of sedative agents in brain-injured patients; the practical application of multimodality neuromonitoring for prevention of secondary insults and injury; and the optimal treatment of dysautonomia. Broad approaches to treatment will include concepts such as: organization of trauma systems to maximize outcomes; end-of-life decision-making with incomplete data on prognosis; the use of medications to enhance recovery in the post-acute phase, and utilizing brain-machine interfaces for the restoration of function after injury. Written by experts in the field, each chapter is organized by proposal of a commonly encountered clinical question, addressing the current evidence for a variety of treatments, outlining the relevant questions on the topic that have not been adequately addressed in the literature, summarizing the options for treatment and the level of evidence upon which each is based, and finally proposing questions yet to be addressed in the literature. The text identifies in each chapter the ongoing questions for future research relevant to the topic at hand as well as providing a comprehensive educational reference for resident and fellowship training.
Controversies in Testosterone Deficiency
by John P. Mulhall Mario Maggi Landon TrostThis book aims to address a number of controversies concerning the use of testosterone treatment. It explains topics that clinicians regularly encounter such as whether to use free or total testosterone in the evaluation of the patient with testosterone deficiency; what factors actually impact testosterone levels, polycythemia, gynecomastia, bone density, and hyperprolactinemia in the testosterone deficient patient; critical analysis of the numerous questionnaires that are available to clinicians; and the impact of testosterone therapy on male fertility, cardiovascular disease, and prostate events including prostate cancer. Guiding the reader in both evaluation and management, the book also illuminates novel concepts in the T space such as testosterone use in the transgender population, T therapy as an endothelial modulator, bipolar testosterone therapy in the patient with advanced prostate cancer, and testosterone therapy as a performance enhancer.Controversies in Testosterone Deficiency is intended for any clinician involved in the care of patients with testosterone deficiency, exploring hot topics and correcting existent misinformation in the routine care of patients.
Controversies in Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Case-Based Approach
by Sanziana A. Roman Julie Ann Sosa Wen T. ShenThis book provides a practical, evidence-based approach to controversies in the management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Thyroid nodules are a commonly encountered clinical entity, identified in 2-6% of the population by palpation, and 20-35% by ultrasound. DTC is the solid organ cancer with the most rapidly increasing incidence (>50,000 new cases in the U.S. annually). Despite extensive research and multiple published comprehensive practice guidelines, numerous controversies remain within this field covering a wide range of issues, including incidence and epidemiology, radiographic evaluation, criteria for needle biopsy, cytopathologic and molecular diagnostics, active surveillance vs. operation for low-risk tumors, extent of surgery, indications for radioactive iodine treatment and external beam radiation, and optimal protocols for follow-up. The book takes a case-based approach: each chapter will begin with a patient presentation highlighting a particular controversial subject in thyroid nodules and DTC. The remainder of the chapter discusses the controversy within the context of current scientific understanding and clinical practice, using the latest evidence-based practice guidelines. Chapters conclude with a final review and discussion of the opening case, with options and recommendations for next steps provided. The recommendations are evidence-based and practical, intended to help guide practitioners in their ongoing care of patients with thyroid nodules and DTC. Each chapter was written by a recognized expert in the area of controversy, including endocrine surgeons, endocrinologists, radiologists, medical oncologists, and nuclear medicine specialists. Controversies in Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Case-Based Approach is an excellent guide for oncologists, endocrinologists, otorhinolaryngologists, surgeons, and practitioners of all types that care for patients with thyroid nodules and DTC.
Controversies in Thyroid Surgery
by John B. Hanks William B. Inabnet IIIThis book encompasses many different diagnoses as well as several specialties of practicing surgeons in the United States. Over the last ten years many advances have been made in preoperative assessment including imaging and diagnostic techniques, operative approaches including "minimally invasive" and robotic surgery, and post operative care. Controversies in Thyroid Surgery explores some of the controversies that arise as the result of these new findings and applications. The book is divided into the two categories of benign diagnosis and cancer topics. Both of these areas lend themselves to separate analysis of specific problems in the areas mentioned above. The text reviews recent data about advances in diagnostic techniques as well as outcomes with specific regards to the newer operative techniques. The textbook will serve as a resource for medical and surgical colleagues involved in the treatment of a wide variety of thyroid diseases. Authors that are experts in their field and have published extensively provide balanced and non-biased views of topics that are admittedly controversial. Controversies in Thyroid Surgery will be of great value and utility to practicing endocrinologists, general surgeons and otolaryngologists.